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<document id="3699D7AC47069B9C5B85C3BD1FF7AB0D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280836" ID-GBIF-Dataset="816a8d34-8ace-44a0-ae2f-087469a0691e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280836" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460474429089" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saether, Ole A." docDate="2012" docId="038B2C37FF9AFFC8FF729DBBFDED1D79" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03275p019.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3275" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFB2544FFF9EFFCFFFE59D2CFFAD1F44" masterDocTitle="The Chironomus group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Winnipeg, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698306469348" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="ABA9BEF4311F0D2649767023A63F7759" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AAC6F4D8DA4B05FDB6468872B613230A">
<mods:title id="8CCA7F6776B5A99F97AFA647C63B5B62">The Chironomus group (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Lake Winnipeg, Canada</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C1ADA7B0841E2722069399A6CE8A94E3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="691198F164B7E42E0D0D96C118EC6959">
<mods:roleTerm id="A1A26AC030551042358E55A8A7B71463">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DC76671DF8CE91E1606370D73CA78F42">Saether, Ole A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5A7D216E263E26150D4B96DD05C10896">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6FA0F284AB1E482374B427895F66CF05">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="BACCACCA65ECD26D1163982113A42586">
<mods:date id="3B788DE605D82C42561477713886B7BB">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3C8EE7B2311058960B401AED2D293CED" type="volume">
<mods:number id="18536F6EE852970CEE757AB05B9EDEBC">3275</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3590CB4E15632635CA1C70B43C9460DB">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="170E47CDFCF49FFC18180D53384AC4BE">19</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="1CB6F8E7629DF68D95F989054ABD58AE">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="918A5B73F71C0174E445B65FF3F0643A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280836</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5FFEA11691B5608A7DC6E560F3AFF92C" type="GBIF-Dataset">816a8d34-8ace-44a0-ae2f-087469a0691e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1945C4EC604F682377D894AFF0A8CE81" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="382C4B3B9B643B439AC5A2DD3AC0B0DB" type="Zenodo-Dep">280836</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038B2C37FF9AFFC8FF729DBBFDED1D79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6169893" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119515956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6169893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B2C37FF9AFFC8FF729DBBFDED1D79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B2C37FF9AFFC8FF729DBBFDED1D79" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF9AFFCBFF729DBBFE1A1F96" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9AFFCBFF729DBBFB641FF5" blockId="4.[151,1225,151,211]" box="[151,1225,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0D52A4DFF9AFFCBFF729DBBFB641FF5" bold="true" box="[151,1225,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFF729DBBFB641FF5" ID-CoL="9HHRR" authority="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels" authorityName="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels" box="[151,1225,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFF729DBBFB641FF5" bold="true" box="[151,1225,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9AFFCBFF729D96FE1A1F96" blockId="4.[151,1225,151,211]" box="[151,439,186,211]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF9AFFCBFF7A9D96FF481F96" box="[159,229,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,354,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[262,1324,330,1595]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chironomus (Chironomus) spp, pupa. A, D: frontal apotome. B, E, G: tergites. C, F, H: anal spur. A – C: Chironomus (Chironomus) entis Shobanov. D – F: Chironomus (C.) bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. G, H: Chironomus sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280839/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 3</figureCitation>
D–F, 4 A–D, 5, 9)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF9AFFCBFF729C2EFBCA1E5C" box="[151,1127,258,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9AFFCBFF729C2EFBCA1E5C" blockId="4.[151,1127,258,280]" box="[151,1127,258,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFF729C2EFBCE1E5C" ID-CoL="9HHRR" authority="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels, 2009: 36" authorityName="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,1123,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFF729C2EFDBE1E5C" box="[151,531,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus</emphasis>
Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFC6C9C2FFC361E5C" box="[905,923,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et</emphasis>
Michiels, 2009: 36
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5DCDA9FF9AFFCBFF729B7CFEFB19E0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280839/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[286,1302,354,1567]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9AFFCBFF729B7CFEFB19E0" blockId="4.[151,1436,1616,1700]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFF729B7CFEB81922" bold="true" box="[151,277,1616,1639]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFEFA9B7CFD9C1922" box="[287,561,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFEFA9B7CFE311922" box="[287,412,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFE489B7CFD841922" box="[429,553,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
spp, pupa. A, D: frontal apotome. B, E, G: tergites. C, F, H: anal spur. A–C:
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFA8A9B7CFDEA19C1" authority="Shobanov. D" authorityName="Shobanov. D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entis" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFA8A9B7CFF4319C1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFF1B9B43FED719C1" box="[254,378,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFE6E9B5CFE1619C1" box="[395,443,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">entis</emphasis>
Shobanov. D
</taxonomicName>
–F:
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFD8A9B43FD4619C1" box="[623,747,1647,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFD8A9B43FD4619C1" box="[623,747,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C.)
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFCC69B43FA3519C1" authority="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. G" authorityName="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. G" box="[803,1432,1647,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFCC69B43FC2419C1" box="[803,905,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">bifurcatus</emphasis>
Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFAE39B5CFAB519C1" box="[1286,1304,1648,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et</emphasis>
Michiels. G
</taxonomicName>
, H:
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9AFFCBFF539BA2FE9E19E0" box="[182,307,1678,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFF539BA2FE9E19E0" box="[182,307,1678,1700]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF9AFFC9FF729BE7FEE81861" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9AFFCBFF729BE7FA31189B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1739,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9AFFCBFF729BE7FE2F19A0" bold="true" box="[151,386,1739,1764]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</emphasis>
Lake Winnipeg light traps:
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFD209BE7FD5219A7" box="[709,767,1739,1763]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
off Grand Rapids,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFC389BE0FB9519A7" box="[989,1080,1739,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFBA09BE7FB1619A7" box="[1093,1211,1739,1763]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-06-08">8.vi. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFB2C9BE7FAB519A7" box="[1225,1304,1739,1763]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="0.5">0.5 km</quantity>
off George Island,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFF0F9BC3FEEE1843" box="[234,323,1775,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFEAA9BC3FE751843" box="[335,472,1775,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-12">12.vii. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFE019BC3FDB01843" box="[484,541,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off Grand Rapids,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFD109BC3FCF01843" box="[757,861,1775,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFC8D9BC3FC5F1843" box="[872,1010,1775,1799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-13">13.vii. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFC1B9BC3FBE81843" box="[1022,1093,1775,1799]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
off (Sturgeonskin point) Long Point,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFF079A3FFEE1186F" box="[226,332,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFEBF9A3FFE4B186F" box="[346,486,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-14">14.vii. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFE119A3FFD82186F" box="[500,559,1811,1835]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off McCreary Island,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFCD79A3FFC36186F" box="[818,923,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFC4C9A3FFB98186F" box="[937,1077,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-15">15.vii. 1969</date>
; Gull Harbour,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFB0E9A3FFAEA186F" box="[1259,1351,1811,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFAB19A3FFF7F180B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-16">16.vii. 1969</date>
; Gimli Government Wharf,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFDFC9A1BFDD9180B" box="[537,628,1847,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFD669A1BFCA2180B" box="[643,783,1847,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-24">24.vii. 1969</date>
; Victoria Beach,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFC329A1BFB9E180B" box="[983,1075,1847,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFBA49A1BFB60180B" box="[1089,1229,1847,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-25">25.vii. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFB3E9A1BFABA180B" box="[1243,1303,1847,1871]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off George Island,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFF0F9A77FEFC1837" box="[234,337,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">51 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFEB89A77FE4B1837" box="[349,486,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-27">27.vii. 1969</date>
; Grand Rapids Government Wharf,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFC9B9A77FC481837" box="[894,997,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">42 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFC149A77FBD61837" box="[1009,1147,1883,1907]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-28">28.vii. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFB629A77FB6D1837" box="[1159,1216,1883,1907]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
off Selkirk (Horse)
<collectingCountry id="F335DDB1FF9AFFCBFF729A53FF7318D3" box="[151,222,1919,1943]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFF0E9A53FEEB18D3" box="[235,326,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFEB69A53FE7218D3" box="[339,479,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07-29">29.vii. 1969</date>
; Pine Dock,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFD969A53FD7118D3" box="[627,732,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">34 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFD0C9A53FC9C18D3" box="[745,817,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-07">31.vii.</date>
&amp;
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFCBD9A53FC6318D3" box="[856,974,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-09-02">2.ix. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFC3E9A53FBBB18D3" box="[987,1046,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
off Grand Rapids,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFB119A53FAF018D3" box="[1268,1373,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">28 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFA8F9A53FA3118D3" box="[1386,1436,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.ix.</date>
12969;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9AFFCBFF0A9A8FFE9418FF" box="[239,313,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
E off Long Point,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFDFC9A8FFDDB18FF" box="[537,630,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFD609A8FFD5618FF" box="[645,763,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-09-06">6.ix. 1969</date>
; McBeth Harbour,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFC399A8FFB9518FF" box="[988,1080,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFBA29A8FFB1018FF" box="[1095,1213,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1969-09-07">7.ix. 1969</date>
; Beaver Point,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFA979A8FFF76189B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">475 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFF0D9AEBFE66189B" box="[232,459,1991,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1971-06-09" valueMax="1971-08-27" valueMin="1971-06-09">9.vi. – 27.viii. 1971</date>
; 20 Mile Creek,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9AFFCBFD689AEBFD58189B" box="[653,757,1991,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9AFFCBFCE79AEBFC7B189B" box="[770,982,1991,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1971-07-28" valueMax="1971-09-01" valueMin="1971-07-28">28.vii. –1.ix. 1971</date>
; Old Fishing Dock, 11563 males, 16.vi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9BFFCAFF729DBBFA3C1E20" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
–18.viii. 1971; Calder's Dock, 8266 males,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFD739DBBFCF51FEB" box="[662,856,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1971-06-09" valueMax="1971-09-08" valueMin="1971-06-09">9.vi. –8.ix. 1971</date>
; Hecla Island, 1580 males,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFB479DBBFA351FEB" box="[1186,1432,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1971-07-27" valueMax="1971-08-25" valueMin="1971-07-27">27.vii. –25.viii. 1971</date>
. Emergence traps: Beaver Creek,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFDED9D90FDC21F90" box="[520,623,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFD9F9D90FCE61F90" box="[634,843,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1971-06-03" valueMax="1971-07-26" valueMin="1971-06-03">3.vi. –26.vii. 1971</date>
. Rearing specimens:
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9BFFCAFBDC9D90FB2D1F90" box="[1081,1152,188,212]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
East Long Point,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFAAC9D90FA3A1F90" box="[1353,1431,188,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFF729DF3FEB41FB3" box="[151,281,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-06-10">10.vi. 1969</date>
;
<quantity id="4CDA30C4FF9BFFCAFEC19DF3FEC61FB3" box="[292,363,223,247]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
SSE Long Point,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFDD79DF3FD261FB3" box="[562,651,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFD739DF3FCB51FB3" box="[662,792,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-06-10">10.vi. 1969</date>
; Saskatchewan River Buoy,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFBB39DF3FB091FB3" box="[1110,1188,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFB4A9DF3FA941FB3" box="[1199,1337,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-07-13">13.vii. 1969</date>
; NNE of Reindeer Island,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFEBF9C28FE071E58" box="[346,426,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFE529C28FDEE1E58" box="[439,579,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-07-15">15.vii. 1969</date>
; NNE of Reindeer Island,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFC939C28FC6B1E58" box="[886,966,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFC319C28FBFD1E58" box="[980,1104,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-10-27">27.x. 1969</date>
; Centre South basin,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFAA29C28FA3A1E58" box="[1351,1431,260,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFF729C0BFEBC1E7B" box="[151,273,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-10-31">31.x. 1969</date>
; Outer buoy of Red River,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFDA69C0BFD3F1E7B" box="[579,658,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFD7B9C0BFC8F1E7B" box="[670,802,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1970-03-17">17.iii. 1970</date>
; N outer buoy Red River,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFBAE9C0BFB7D1E7B" box="[1099,1232,295,319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1970-03-17">17.iii. 1970</date>
. South Basin:
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFA979C0BFF731E20" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="larva">281 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFF0C9C60FE071E20" box="[233,426,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-06-04" valueMax="1969-10-31" valueMin="1969-06-04">4.vi. –31.x. 1969</date>
; Narrows:
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFDC09C60FD2C1E20" box="[549,641,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="larva">8 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFD699C60FCE01E20" box="[652,845,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-09-02" valueMax="1969-10-12" valueMin="1969-09-02">2.ix. –12.x. 1969</date>
; North Basin,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFC0A9C60FBCA1E20" box="[1007,1127,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="larva">121 larvae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2456A8FF9BFFCAFB979C60FB6D1E20" box="[1138,1216,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF9CBBE1FF9BFFCAFB299C60FA201E20" box="[1228,1421,332,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1969-06-04" valueMax="1969-10-31" valueMin="1969-06-04">4.vi. –31.x. 1969</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9BFFCAFF229C43FA8F1EBD" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Normal adult males from Lake Winnipeg have an AR of 3.43–4.05, 3.88 (14); 7–19, 13 (10) sensilla chaetica on p2; and 7–18, 13 (10) sensilla chaetica on p3. The adult females have 88–114, 104 (6) sensilla chaetica on p2; 94–122, 107 (7) sensilla chaetica on p3. 21 % of the males caught in light traps are male intersexes with completely female antenna (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF9BFFCAFEAA9CCDFD6E1EBD" author="Saether" box="[335,707,481,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Saether, O. A. &amp; Galloway, T. D. (1980) Sexual anomalies in Chironomini (Chironomidae: Diptera) from Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. With observations on mermithid (Nematoda) parasites. Acta Universitas Carolinae, 1978, 193 - 211." type="journal article" year="1980">Saether &amp; Galloway 1980 table 3</bibRefCitation>
). Some samples, however, have up to 95% intersexes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5DCDA9FF9BFFCAFF729A1BFE9D18CF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280840/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[267,1326,576,1804]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF9BFFCAFF729A1BFE9D18CF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1847,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFF729A1BFEA31809" bold="true" box="[151,270,1847,1870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9BFFCAFEFE9A1BFD801809" box="[283,557,1847,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFEFE9A1BFE3A1809" box="[283,407,1847,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chironomus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFE429A1BFD8E1809" box="[423,547,1847,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chironomus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
spp, larva. A, E: labrum and epipharyngeal area. B, F: apex of mandible. C, G: mentum. D, H: posterior end. A–D:
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9BFFCAFE3C9A7AFDF81828" box="[473,597,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFE3C9A7AFDF81828" box="[473,597,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C.)
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9BFFCAFD6F9A7AFB581828" authority="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. E" authorityName="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. E" box="[650,1269,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFD6F9A7AFD5D1828" box="[650,752,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">bifurcatus</emphasis>
Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFB839A7BFBD51828" box="[1126,1144,1879,1900]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et</emphasis>
Michiels. E
</taxonomicName>
–H:
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF9BFFCAFAC59A7AFF5A18CF" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF9BFFCAFAC59A7AFF5A18CF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chironomus fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5DCDA9FF98FFC9FF72988CFEA61914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280841/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[240,1308,211,1382]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF98FFC9FF72988CFEA61914" blockId="6.[151,1436,1440,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FF72988CFEBE1AF2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1440,1463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FEFE988DFB5C1AF3" authority="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. Numbers" authorityName="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. Numbers" box="[283,1265,1441,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus" subGenus="Chironomus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FEFE988DFD341AF3" box="[283,665,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus</emphasis>
Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FBF1988EFB8B1AF3" box="[1044,1062,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et</emphasis>
Michiels. Numbers
</taxonomicName>
of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET= emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1–25 specimens, second shortest lines = 26–50 specimens, medium long lines = 50–200 specimens; second longest vertical lines = 201–400 specimens, longest vertical lines = more than 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF98FFC9FF2C9B51FAFD19D1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1661,2008]" box="[201,1360,1661,1685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FE319B52FDCB19D1" box="[468,614,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FE319B52FDCB19D1" box="[468,614,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Lake Winnipeg are illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF98FFC9FBC59B51FAE119D1" author="Saether" box="[1056,1356,1661,1685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Saether, O. A. (1977) Female genitalia in Chironomidae and other Nematocera: morphology, phylogenies, keys. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 197, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="1977">Saether (1977 fig. 81 F–G)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF98FFC9FF2C9B8CFEE81861" blockId="6.[151,1436,1661,2008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The immatures of
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FE729B8DFD8519FD" box="[407,552,1697,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FE729B8DFD8519FD" box="[407,552,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are illustrated (
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF98FFC9FD3D9B8CFCB219FC" box="[728,799,1696,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,354,1567]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[262,1324,330,1595]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chironomus (Chironomus) spp, pupa. A, D: frontal apotome. B, E, G: tergites. C, F, H: anal spur. A – C: Chironomus (Chironomus) entis Shobanov. D – F: Chironomus (C.) bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. G, H: Chironomus sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280839/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 3</figureCitation>
D–F, 4 A–D). The pupa drawn, with 6–7 filamentous Lsetae on segment VIII, is the only one which has more than 5 filamentous L-setae. The head capsule lengths of different instars is shown in
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF98FFC9FE599BC4FDAC1844" box="[444,513,1768,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[191,1419,1153,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[156,1441,1076,1754]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Head capsule lengths of different instars of Chironomus (Chironomus) entis Shobanov and Chironomus bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels in Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280845/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
. The species, together with
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FCDA9BC5FC3B1845" box="[831,918,1769,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="entis">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FCDA9BC5FC3B1845" box="[831,918,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. entis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, completely dominate other
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FB399BC5FACB1845" box="[1244,1382,1769,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FB399BC5FACB1845" box="[1244,1382,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the lake.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF98FFC8FF2C9A1DFC6C1FB3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF98FFC8FF2C9A1DFC6C1FB3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1661,2008]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FF2C9A1DFE90180D" bold="true" box="[201,317,1841,1865]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
Although the species morphologically appear inseparable from
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FBF89A1DFF4C1829" authority="Johannsen, Johannsen (1905)" authorityName="Johannsen, Johannsen" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FBF89A1DFB34180D" box="[1053,1177,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. decorus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF98FFC9FB479A1CFF4C1829" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Johannsen, O. A. (1905) Aquatic nematocerous Diptera. Chironomidae. In: Needham, J. G., Morton, K J. &amp; Johannsen, O. A. (eds.): Mayflies and midges of New York. New York State Museum Bulletins, 86, 76 - 327." type="journal article">Johannsen, Johannsen (1905)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
notes that “this species is common in ... ponds and ditches …”.
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FC4E9A7AFB891829" box="[939,1060,1877,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FC4E9A7AFB891829" box="[939,1060,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. decorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not occur in lakes, but some of the described members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FDE09A55FDD318D5" box="[517,638,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FDE09A55FDD318D5" box="[517,638,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. decorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group do.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF98FFC9FD1C9A54FC6218D4" box="[761,975,1912,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Butler, M. G., Kiknadze, I. I., Cooper, J. K. &amp; Siirin, M. T. (1995) Cytologically identified Chironomus species from lakes in North Dakota and Minnesota, USA. In: Cranston P. S. (ed.): ' Chironomids, from Gene to Ecosystems', Proceedings of the 12 th International Symposium on Chironomidae, Canberra, January 23 - 26, 1994, CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 31 - 37." type="journal article">
Butler
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FCA39A56FCD318D5" box="[838,894,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
note that
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FBDB9A55FB1518D5" box="[1086,1208,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FBDB9A55FB1518D5" box="[1086,1208,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. decorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group sp. 1, now
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FA679A55FE5418F1" authority="Wulker et al. 2009" authorityName="Wulker et al." authorityYear="2009" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FA679A55FEA518F1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF98FFC9FEF39AB1FE5C18F1" author="Wulker" box="[278,497,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Wulker, W., Martin, J., Kiknadze. I. I., Sublette, J. E. &amp; Michiels, S. (2009) Chironomus blaylocki n. sp. and C. bifurcatus n. sp., North American species near the base of the decorus-group. Zootaxa, 2023, 28 - 46." type="journal article" year="2009">
Wülker
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FE919AB2FE0018F1" box="[372,429,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, is common in the profundal of North Dakota lakes. Their
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF98FFC9FB769AB2FAA018F1" box="[1171,1293,1949,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF98FFC9FB769AB2FAA018F1" box="[1171,1293,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. decorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group sp. 2, while common in lakes from Lake Waskesui to Mississippi, tends to be in shallower areas. Other described members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FEF39DB4FE3D1FF4" box="[278,400,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FEF39DB4FE3D1FF4" box="[278,400,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. decorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group are
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FDE99DB4FB1A1FEB" authority="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels" authorityName="Wulker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels" box="[524,1207,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blaylocki">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FDE99DB4FD391FF4" box="[524,660,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. blaylocki</emphasis>
Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FBD39DB5FBE71FF4" box="[1078,1098,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et</emphasis>
Michiels
</taxonomicName>
, and the two marine species described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FE6F9D90FDDD1F90" box="[394,624,188,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Martin, J., Sublette, J. E., &amp; Caldwell, B. A. (2010) Description of Chironomus quinnitukqut, n. sp., closely related to the C. decorus group in North America, with characterization of an additional larval form from halobiontic habitats. Zootaxa, 2716, 29 - 41 &amp; 27 43, 68 (2011)." type="journal article">
Martin
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FE3A9D91FDBF1F90" box="[479,530,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2010)
</bibRefCitation>
. Comparison of the present material to the description of
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FAEC9D91FA311F90" box="[1289,1436,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FAEC9D91FA311F90" box="[1289,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
supports show that the present species can be identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FCCC9DCCFC141FBC" box="[809,953,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FCCC9DCCFC141FBC" box="[809,953,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338CEAAFF99FFC8FF229C2FFDED1D79" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF99FFC8FF229C2FFCBC1E8B" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FF229C2FFE5E1E58" bold="true" box="[199,499,259,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FDC99C29FD0B1E58" box="[556,678,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cryptotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decorus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FDC99C29FD0B1E58" box="[556,678,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. decorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group to which
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FCB89C29FC421E58" box="[861,1007,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FCB89C29FC421E58" box="[861,1007,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs is known from all over North
<collectingCountry id="F335DDB1FF99FFC8FF729C0BFF5A1E7B" box="[151,247,295,319]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FEE09C0BFE0C1E7B" author="Townes" box="[261,417,295,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Townes, H. K. (1945) The Nearctic species of Tendipedini (Diptera: Tendipedidae (= Chironomidae )). American Midland Naturalist, 34, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="1945">Townes 1945</bibRefCitation>
: 122,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FE069C0BFD061E7B" author="Oliver" box="[483,683,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Oliver, D. R., Dillon, M. E. &amp; Cranston, P. S. (1990) A catalog of Nearctic Chironomidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication, 1857 / B, 89 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Oliver
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FDD49C05FDC41E04" box="[561,617,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
: 42). However, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FC0B9C0BFAB71E7B" author="Sublette" box="[1006,1306,295,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Sublette, J. E. &amp; Sublette, M. F. (1974) A review of the genus Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae) V. The maturus - complex. Studies in Natural Sciences, Portales, New Mexico, 1 (8, 9), 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1974">Sublette &amp; Sublette (1974)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FAB59C0BFF4C1E20" author="Martin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Martin, J. (2012) North American cytospecies of the genus Chironomus (includes Chaetolabis, Lobochironomus and some Einfeldia (s. l. )). http: // www. genetics. unimelb. edu. au / martin / NACytfiles / NAChiron. html. Accessed 11 March 2012." type="journal article" year="2012">Martin (2012)</bibRefCitation>
several unnnamed species, are included in the records.
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FCAE9C61FC761E20" box="[843,987,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcatus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FCAE9C61FC761E20" box="[843,987,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. bifurcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears in North
<collectingCountry id="F335DDB1FF99FFC8FB449C60FAAF1E20" box="[1185,1282,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">America</collectingCountry>
to have taken the ecological niche occupied by
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FDE99C5CFD1E1ECC" box="[524,691,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthracinus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FDE99C5CFD1E1ECC" box="[524,691,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. anthracinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Europe, i.e. it is a character form of the profundal zone of moderately eutrophic lakes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FE419CB8FD6B1EE8" author="Saether" box="[420,710,404,428]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Saether, O. A. 1975. Nearctic chironomids as indicators of lake typology. Verhandlungen der Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 19, 3127 - 3133." type="journal article" year="1975">Saether 1975: 3127, 3131</bibRefCitation>
). It is found in Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota and Kansas (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3E0D0FF99FFC8FD969C9BFCAB1E8B" author="Martin" box="[627,774,439,463]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Martin, J. (2012) North American cytospecies of the genus Chironomus (includes Chaetolabis, Lobochironomus and some Einfeldia (s. l. )). http: // www. genetics. unimelb. edu. au / martin / NACytfiles / NAChiron. html. Accessed 11 March 2012." type="journal article" year="2012">Martin 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9D9D21FF99FFC8FF2C9CF1FDED1D79" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In Lake Winnipeg the species is the dominant
<taxonomicName id="4C22E6A2FF99FFC8FD3D9CF0FCCF1EB0" box="[728,866,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9564133FF99FFC8FD3D9CF0FCCF1EB0" box="[728,866,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the benthos of the South Basin (
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF99FFC8FAA89CF0FA391EB0" box="[1357,1428,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1418,217,1071]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1091]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Chironomus spp. in the benthic samples of Lake Winnipeg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280837/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF99FFC8FF729CD3FF0A1D53" box="[151,167,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1440,1463]" captionTargetBox="[240,1308,211,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,193,1419]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, second shortest lines = 26 – 50 specimens, medium long lines = 50 – 200 specimens; second longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, longest vertical lines = more than 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280841/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</figureCitation>
). Most imagines were caught in the light traps from 1971 (
<figureCitation id="131981A4FF99FFC8FCAE9CD3FC3D1D53" box="[843,912,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1440,1463]" captionTargetBox="[240,1308,211,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,193,1419]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chironomus (Chironomus) bifurcatus Wülker, Martin, Kiknadze, Sublette et Michiels. Numbers of adults caught in light traps and emergence traps in 1969 and 1971, and numbers of immatures in benthic samples from June to November 1969 and in March 1970. (LT = light traps, ET = emergence traps, short vertical lines = 1 – 25 specimens, second shortest lines = 26 – 50 specimens, medium long lines = 50 – 200 specimens; second longest vertical lines = 201 – 400 specimens, longest vertical lines = more than 400 specimens, 1 = first instar larvae, 2 = second instar larvae, 3 = third instar larvae, 4 = fourth instar larvae, P = pupae.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280841/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), but these were all set in the Narrows. There apparently are two generations a year.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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