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<document id="F93A7B5D26C6A34BEB3B3D905A4896F3" ID-DOI="10.21248/contrib.entomol.63.2.283-296" ID-ISSN="0005-805X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10110814" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630265096762" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Menzel, Frank, Vilkamaa, Pekka &amp; Smith, Jane E." docDate="2013" docId="60683126AC66FFA6FF6FFD2EFAE3FB98" docLanguage="en" docName="ContribEntomol.2013.63.2.283-296.pdf" docOrigin="Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 63 (2)" docSource="https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/1842" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05A48F5F6902F879680B6E64765AA512.2:ContribEntomol.2013-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="05A48F5F6902F879680B6E64765AA512" docStyleName="ContribEntomol.2013-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Lycoriella (Lycoriella) sativae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="292" masterDocId="9C51495EAC6FFFAFFFD2FFE8FFABFFD9" masterDocTitle="Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="296" masterPageNumber="283" pageNumber="292" updateTime="1699682617698" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5C7A084183EF51D27C8322E50E1B7F98">Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FF6FFD2EFD1BFD38" ID-CoL="8CP3C" authority="(JOHANNSEN, 1912)" baseAuthorityName="JOHANNSEN" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[189,688,710,737]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae" subGenus="Lycoriella">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF6FFD2EFEB6FD38" box="[189,285,710,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEF8FD2EFE21FD38" box="[298,394,710,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE45FD2EFE4BFD38" box="[407,480,710,737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">sativae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE3FFD2EFD00FD38" author="JOHANNSEN, O. A." box="[493,683,710,737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="57 - 146" refId="ref10948" refString="JOHANNSEN, O. A. 1912: The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. - Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station 200: 57 - 146." type="journal article" year="1912">JOHANNSEN, 1912</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FF6FFD02FEA4FC98" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="description">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF6FFD02FE8FFCD9" blockId="9.[189,688,710,768]" box="[189,292,746,768]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
(
<figureCitation id="70FA9CB5AC66FFA6FF13FD02FEB5FCD9" box="[193,286,746,768]" captionStart="Figs 1823" captionStartId="8.[189,229,1957,1979]" captionTargetBox="[201,1423,1172,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-560@8.[512,1051,1479,1919]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 1823: Lycoriella ingenua (DUFOUR), male (Figs 18, 19): Fig. 18: Hypopygium in ventral view; Fig. 19: Right gonostyle in ventral view.Lycoriella sativae (JOHANNSEN), male (Figs 20, 21): Fig. 20: Hypopygium in ventral view; Fig. 21: Right gonostyle in ventral view. Pseudolycoriella setigera (HARDY), male (Figs 22, 23): Fig. 22: Hypopygium in ventral view; Fig. 23: Left gonostyle in ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10110824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10110824/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Figs 20, 21</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45FCC1FEA4FC98" blockId="9.[151,756,809,1089]" box="[151,271,809,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF45FCC1FEA4FC98" bold="true" box="[151,271,809,833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Synonyms:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FF45FCA2FEC8FB58" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45FCA2FDEDFB98" blockId="9.[151,756,809,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
=
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FF7CFCA1FE65FCB8" ID-CoL="894TH" authority="PETTEY, 1918" authorityName="PETTEY" authorityYear="1918" box="[174,462,841,865]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifolii">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF7CFCA1FE9CFCB8" box="[174,311,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Sciara trifolii</emphasis>
PETTEY, 1918
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE23FCA1FD24FCB8" ID-CoL="894TB" authorityName="Johannsen" authorityYear="1925" box="[497,655,841,865]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similans">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE23FCA1FD24FCB8" box="[497,655,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Sciara similans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
JOHANN- SEN, 1925; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FEF0FC82FD5BFC58" ID-CoL="8CZFL" authority="LENGERSDORF, 1940" authorityName="LENGERSDORF" authorityYear="1940" box="[290,752,873,897]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Neosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanescens">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEF0FC82FDBAFC58" box="[290,529,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Neosciara castanescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FDC5FC81FD5BFC58" author="LENGERSDORF, F." box="[535,752,873,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref11168" refString="LENGERSDORF, F. 1940: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Lycoriiden) aus Finnland. - Zoologischer Anzeiger 131 (1 - 2): 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="1940">LENGERSDORF, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FF7DFC61FD25FC78" ID-CoL="6Y8DM" authority="SHAW, 1941" authorityName="SHAW" authorityYear="1941" box="[175,654,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipetiolata" subGenus="Neosciara">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF7DFC61FF5BFC79" box="[175,240,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Sciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FED0FC62FEC3FC78" box="[258,360,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Neosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEA8FC61FDA2FC78" box="[378,521,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">brevipetiolata</emphasis>
SHAW, 1941
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FD61FC61FE70FC18" authority="SHAW, 1941" authorityName="SHAW" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Sciara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaiseri" subGenus="Neosciara">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FD61FC61FD5FFC79" box="[691,756,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Sciara</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF72FC42FEADFC18" box="[160,262,938,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Neosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEC7FC41FEF1FC18" box="[277,346,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">kaiseri</emphasis>
SHAW, 1941
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE2BFC41FEC0FC38" ID-CoL="883CS" authority="FREY, 1948" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis" subGenus="Chaetosciara">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE2BFC41FDFFFC18" box="[505,596,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bradysia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FDB1FC41FD41FC18" box="[611,746,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Chaetosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF45FC21FF42FC38" box="[151,233,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">difficilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF21FC22FEC0FC38" author="FREY, R." box="[243,363,969,993]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="33 - 112" refId="ref10357" refString="FREY, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Muckenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropaischen Arten. - Notulae Entomologicae 27 (2 - 4): 33 - 112." type="journal article" year="1948">FREY, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE41FC21FEA0FBD8" ID-CoL="883CW" authority="FREY, 1948" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fucorum" subGenus="Chaetosciara">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE41FC21FE45FC38" box="[403,494,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bradysia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FDD3FC21FD23FC38" box="[513,648,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Chaetosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FD49FC21FD5FFC38" box="[667,756,969,993]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">fucorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF45FC02FEA0FBD8" author="FREY, R." box="[151,267,1001,1025]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="33 - 112" refId="ref10357" refString="FREY, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Muckenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropaischen Arten. - Notulae Entomologicae 27 (2 - 4): 33 - 112." type="journal article" year="1948">FREY, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FEFBFC01FF67FBF8" ID-CoL="883DB" authority="FREY, 1948" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucisetulosa" subGenus="Chaetosciara">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEFBFC01FE2FFBD8" box="[297,388,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bradysia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE41FC01FDB1FBD8" box="[403,538,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Chaetosciara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FDFBFC01FD1EFBD8" box="[553,693,1001,1025]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">paucisetulosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FD69FC02FF67FBF8" author="FREY, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="33 - 112" refId="ref10357" refString="FREY, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Muckenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropaischen Arten. - Notulae Entomologicae 27 (2 - 4): 33 - 112." type="journal article" year="1948">FREY, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FF29FBE1FF67FB98" ID-CoL="899H9" authority="TUOMIKOSKI, 1959" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufotincta" subGenus="Lycoriella">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF29FBE1FEF4FBF8" box="[251,351,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEA4FBE1FE71FBF8" box="[374,474,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE23FBE1FDF2FBF8" box="[497,601,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">rufotincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FDB7FBE1FF67FB98" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref12158" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1959: Sciariden (Dipt.) aus Afghanistan, gesammelt von Dr. K. LINDBERG. - Annales Entomologici Fennici 25 (3): 163 - 180." type="journal article" year="1959">TUOMIKOSKI, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; =
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FF3EFBC1FDE9FB98" ID-CoL="899G2" authority="LOUDON, 1978" authorityName="LOUDON" authorityYear="1978" box="[236,578,1065,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agarici">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF3EFBC1FE36FB98" box="[236,413,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella agarici</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE71FBC1FDE9FB98" author="LOUDON, B. J." box="[419,578,1065,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="163 - 166" refId="ref11269" refString="LOUDON, B. J. 1978: A new species of Lycoriella FREY (Diptera: Sciaridae) infesting cultivated mushrooms in New South Wales. - Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 17: 163 - 166." type="journal article" year="1978">LOUDON, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45FB81FEC8FB58" blockId="9.[149,759,1129,1665]" box="[151,355,1129,1153]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF45FB81FEC8FB58" bold="true" box="[151,355,1129,1153]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Selected literature:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FF45FB62FDCFF958" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="description">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45FB62FDCFF958" blockId="9.[149,759,1129,1665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF7FFB61FE39FB78" author="LENGERSDORF, F." box="[173,402,1161,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref11168" refString="LENGERSDORF, F. 1940: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Lycoriiden) aus Finnland. - Zoologischer Anzeiger 131 (1 - 2): 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="1940">LENGERSDORF (1940)</bibRefCitation>
: 28, fig. 11 [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FDE3FB62FD38FB78" authorityName="Pettey" authorityYear="1918" box="[561,659,1162,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Neosciara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FDE3FB62FD38FB78" box="[561,659,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Neosciara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FD13FB62FF75FB18" author="FREY, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="33 - 112" refId="ref10357" refString="FREY, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Muckenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropaischen Arten. - Notulae Entomologicae 27 (2 - 4): 33 - 112." type="journal article" year="1948">FREY (1948)</bibRefCitation>
: 64 and 82 [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE55FB41FD92FB18" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1948" box="[391,569,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE55FB41FD92FB18" box="[391,569,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bradysia difficilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FDB9FB42FD5AFB18" author="FREY, R." box="[619,753,1193,1217]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="33 - 112" refId="ref10357" refString="FREY, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Muckenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropaischen Arten. - Notulae Entomologicae 27 (2 - 4): 33 - 112." type="journal article" year="1948">FREY (1948)</bibRefCitation>
: 60 and 80, plate 12, fig. 68 [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE0FFB21FD38FB38" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1948" box="[477,659,1225,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fucorum">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE0FFB21FD38FB38" box="[477,659,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bradysia fucorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FD13FB22FF75FAD8" author="FREY, R." pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="33 - 112" refId="ref10357" refString="FREY, R. 1948: Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Muckenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropaischen Arten. - Notulae Entomologicae 27 (2 - 4): 33 - 112." type="journal article" year="1948">FREY (1948)</bibRefCitation>
: 63 and 82, plate 15, fig. 86 [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FDFEFB01FF14FAF8" authorityName="FREY" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Bradysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucisetulosa">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FDFEFB01FF14FAF8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bradysia paucisetulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF3CFAE1FE6AFAF8" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." box="[238,449,1289,1313]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="163 - 180" refId="ref12158" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1959: Sciariden (Dipt.) aus Afghanistan, gesammelt von Dr. K. LINDBERG. - Annales Entomologici Fennici 25 (3): 163 - 180." type="journal article" year="1959">TUOMIKOSKI (1959)</bibRefCitation>
: 172, figs 1d, 2b, 2h [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FD12FAE2FE9FFA98" authorityName="TUOMIKOSKI" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufotincta">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FD12FAE2FE9FFA98" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella rufotincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE85FAC1FD81FA98" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." box="[343,554,1321,1345]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref12193" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. - Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vanamo' 21 (4): 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">TUOMIKOSKI (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 82 and 88, figs 18c, 20c [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FF3AFAA1FE0DFAB8" baseAuthorityName="Frey" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[232,422,1353,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fucorum">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF3AFAA1FE0DFAB8" box="[232,422,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella fucorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE03FAA1FD0FFAB8" author="TUOMIKOSKI, R." box="[465,676,1353,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref12193" refString="TUOMIKOSKI, R. 1960: Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. - Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ' Vanamo' 21 (4): 1 - 164." type="journal article" year="1960">TUOMIKOSKI (1960)</bibRefCitation>
: 82 and 88, figs
<quantity id="2F392DD5AC66FFA6FF3AFA81FEA4FA58" box="[232,271,1385,1409]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" unit="g" value="17.0">17g</quantity>
, 18d, 20d;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE45FA81FDE2FA58" author="FREEMAN, P." box="[407,585,1385,1409]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" refId="ref10255" refString="FREEMAN, P. 1983: Sciarid flies. Diptera, Sciaridae. - Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 9 (6): 68 pp." type="book" year="1983">FREEMAN (1983)</bibRefCitation>
: 31, figs 93, 102;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF7CFA61FE68FA78" author="CLIFT, A. D. &amp; LARSSON, S. F." box="[174,451,1417,1441]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="49 - 56" refId="ref9956" refString="CLIFT, A. D. &amp; LARSSON, S. F. 1984: The incidence and ecology of Lycoriella mali (FITCH) (Diptera: Sciaridae) in the commercial culture of two species of mushroom in N. S. W. - General and Applied Entomology 16: 49 - 56." type="journal article" year="1984">CLIFT &amp; LARSSON (1984)</bibRefCitation>
: 49 [all as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FDEAFA61FEB7FA18" authority="(WINNERTZ)" baseAuthorityName="WINNERTZ" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auripila">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FDEAFA61FD5FFA78" box="[568,756,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella auripila</emphasis>
(WINNERTZ)
</taxonomicName>
, misidentification];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FDC0FA41FD6BFA18" author="LOUDON, B. J." box="[530,704,1449,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="163 - 166" refId="ref11269" refString="LOUDON, B. J. 1978: A new species of Lycoriella FREY (Diptera: Sciaridae) infesting cultivated mushrooms in New South Wales. - Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 17: 163 - 166." type="journal article" year="1978">LOUDON (1978)</bibRefCitation>
: 163, figs 18 [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FEDEFA21FE13FA38" authorityName="LOUDON" authorityYear="1978" box="[268,440,1481,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agarici">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FEDEFA21FE13FA38" box="[268,440,1481,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella agarici</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE0EFA21FD1EFA38" author="GASTON, K. J. &amp; JONES, A. G. &amp; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L." box="[476,693,1481,1505]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="1091 - 1098" refId="ref10429" refString="GASTON, K. J.; JONES, A. G.; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. 2003: Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B) 270: 1091 - 1098." type="journal article" year="2003">GASTON et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
: 1096;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF79FA01FEC7F9D8" author="JONES, A. G. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. &amp; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J." box="[171,364,1513,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="213 - 273" refId="ref10980" refString="JONES, A. G.; CHOWN, S. L.; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J. 2003: The free-living pterygote insects of Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. - Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (2): 213 - 273." type="journal article" year="2003">JONES et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
: 241 and 247, fig. 30b [all as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FD40FA01FF67F9F8" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FD40FA01FD5FF9D8" box="[658,756,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella</emphasis>
sp. B
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF3FF9E2FDA2F9F8" author="MENZEL, F. &amp; MOHRIG, W." box="[237,521,1545,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. &amp; MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL &amp; MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
: 386, figs 56, 71b, 353 355;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF33F9C1FDB7F998" author="GREENSLADE, P. &amp; CLIFT, A." box="[225,540,1577,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="77 - 93" refId="ref10484" refString="GREENSLADE, P. &amp; CLIFT, A. 2004: Review of pest arthropods recorded from commercial mushroom farms in Australia. - Australasian Mycologist 23 (3): 77 - 93." type="journal article" year="2004">GREENSLADE &amp; CLIFT (2004)</bibRefCitation>
: 82;
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FDB0F9C2FF76F9B8" author="MENZEL, F. &amp; SMITH, J. E. &amp; CHANDLER, P. J." pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref11580" refString="MENZEL, F.; SMITH, J. E. &amp; CHANDLER, P. J. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1): 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2006">MENZEL et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
: 108 [all as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE87F9A1FD90F9B8" box="[341,571,1609,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanescens">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE87F9A1FD90F9B8" box="[341,571,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella castanescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FDB0F9A1FF75F958" author="MOHRIG, W. &amp; HELLER, K. &amp; HIPPA, H. &amp; VILKAMAA, P. &amp; MENZEL, F." pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="141 - 286" refId="ref11677" refString="MOHRIG, W.; HELLER, K.; HIPPA, H.; VILKAMAA, P. &amp; MENZEL, F. 2013: Revision of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America. - Studia dipterologica 19 (1 - 2) (2012): 141 - 286." type="journal article" year="2013">MOHRIG et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
: 216, fig. 39ad [as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FE7AF981FDFEF958" baseAuthorityName="JOHANNSEN" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[424,597,1641,1665]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FE7AF981FDFEF958" box="[424,597,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella sativae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FF45F941FDDAF8B8" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45F941FDFEF918" blockId="9.[151,756,1705,1889]" box="[151,597,1705,1729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF45F941FDFEF918" bold="true" box="[151,597,1705,1729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Material examined from the archipelago:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45F921FDDAF8B8" blockId="9.[151,756,1705,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FF45F921FDA5F938" box="[151,526,1737,1761]" name="TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">TRISTAN DA CUNHA ISLAND</collectingCountry>
: West of Edinburgh settlement,
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<geoCoordinate id="8DF5E6F7AC66FFA6FE46F901FDA4F8D8" box="[404,527,1769,1793]" degrees="12" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-12.573889">12°34'26&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="2F392DD5AC66FFA6FDF2F901FDC8F8D8" box="[544,611,1769,1793]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.87096" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" unit="ft" value="127.0">127 ft.</quantity>
a.s.l., potato patches, cultivated cropland, Malaise trap (site 2, sample
<collectionCode id="8ED018F5AC66FFA6FF4AF8C1FF02F898" box="[152,169,1833,1857]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">T</collectionCode>
48),
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,
<date id="9C7FA6F0AC66FFA6FED8F8C1FE25F898" box="[266,398,1833,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" value="2005-02-07" valueMax="2005-02-12" valueMin="2005-02-07">712.ii.2005</date>
, leg. Hänel. For more records see
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FF4AF8A1FED8F8B8" author="GASTON, K. J. &amp; JONES, A. G. &amp; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L." box="[152,371,1865,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="1091 - 1098" refId="ref10429" refString="GASTON, K. J.; JONES, A. G.; HANEL, C. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. 2003: Rates of species introduction to a remote oceanic island. - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (Series B) 270: 1091 - 1098." type="journal article" year="2003">GASTON et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FE7AF8A1FDC5F8B8" author="JONES, A. G. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. &amp; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J." box="[424,622,1865,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="213 - 273" refId="ref10980" refString="JONES, A. G.; CHOWN, S. L.; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J. 2003: The free-living pterygote insects of Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. - Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (2): 213 - 273." type="journal article" year="2003">JONES et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FF45F861FB8BFD98" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45F861FE8CF878" blockId="9.[151,756,1929,2049]" box="[151,295,1929,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FF45F861FE8CF878" bold="true" box="[151,295,1929,1953]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Distribution:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FF45F841FB8BFD98" blockId="9.[151,756,1929,2049]" lastBlockId="9.[793,1400,233,577]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
A common Holarctic species. Known from
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FD79F841FF7FF838" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">United States</collectingCountry>
(e.g.
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FEC4F821FEC5F838" box="[278,366,1993,2017]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FEAFF821FE17F838" box="[381,444,1993,2017]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Idaho</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FE18F821FDBCF838" box="[458,535,1993,2017]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Illinois</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FDF7F822FDD9F838" box="[549,626,1994,2017]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Kansas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FD53F822FD5BF838" box="[641,752,1993,2017]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FF45F801FEA1F7D8" box="[151,266,2025,2049]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FECFF801FE05F7D8" box="[285,430,2025,2049]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FE1AF801FD80F7D8" box="[456,555,2025,2049]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FDECF801FDD4F7D8" box="[574,639,2025,2049]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FD44F801FD5BF7D8" box="[662,752,2025,2049]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCC8FF02FCF3FED8" box="[794,856,234,257]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCBFFF01FC7EFED8" box="[877,981,233,257]" name="Mongolia" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FC3EFF01FB9BFED8" box="[1004,1072,233,257]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Russia</collectingCountry>
(Asian territory: Far East,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FCC8FEE1FCFCFEF8" box="[794,855,265,289]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Altay</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCBFFEE1FC5AFEF8" box="[877,1009,265,289]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBD3FEE1FB32FEF8" box="[1025,1177,265,289]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FB7AFEE1FB58FEF8" box="[1192,1267,265,289]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(Asian territory),
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCA5FEC2FC0DFE98" box="[887,934,298,321]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FC68FEC2FC51FE9B" box="[954,1018,298,322]" name="Egypt" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBDDFEC2FBDBFE98" box="[1039,1136,298,321]" name="Morocco" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, Canary and Madeira Islands [
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCA6FEA1FC1CFEB8" box="[884,951,329,353]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Spain</collectingCountry>
], Azores [
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBF0FEA1FB28FEB8" box="[1058,1155,329,353]" name="Portugal" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Portugal</collectingCountry>
] and Europe (
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FAF2FEA1FAD9FEB8" box="[1312,1394,329,353]" name="Austria" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCC8FE81FCDDFE58" box="[794,886,361,385]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FC57FE81FB9FFE58" box="[901,1076,361,385]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FB96FE81FB07FE58" box="[1092,1196,361,385]" name="Denmark" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Denmark</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FB6EFE81FAA5FE58" box="[1212,1294,361,385]" name="Estonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Estonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FACCFE81FAD8FE58" box="[1310,1395,361,385]" name="Finland" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCC8FE62FCCFFE78" box="[794,868,394,417]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCBCFE61FC79FE78" box="[878,978,393,417]" name="Germany" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FC0EFE61FBC1FE78" box="[988,1130,393,417]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBA6FE61FB6BFE78" box="[1140,1216,393,417]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Greece</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FB18FE61FAB1FE78" box="[1226,1306,393,417]" name="Iceland" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Iceland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FAF6FE61FAD9FE78" box="[1316,1394,393,417]" name="Ireland" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Ireland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCC8FE41FCE2FE18" box="[794,841,425,449]" name="Italy" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FC86FE41FBA9FE18" box="[852,1026,425,449]" name="Netherlands" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBDFFE42FBC9FE1B" box="[1037,1122,426,450]" name="Norway" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBBFFE41FB12FE18" box="[1133,1209,425,449]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FB16FE41FA8CFE18" box="[1220,1319,425,449]" name="Romania" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FAE0FE41FADDFE18" box="[1330,1398,425,449]" name="Russia" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Russia</collectingCountry>
[European territory],
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBD1FE21FBF5FE38" box="[1027,1118,457,481]" name="Slovakia" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FBBBFE21FB0EFE38" box="[1129,1189,457,481]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Spain</collectingCountry>
[Iberian Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FCC9FE01FC64FDD8" box="[795,975,489,513]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
],
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,
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FB9DFE01FB7AFDD8" box="[1103,1233,489,513]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
). Recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FCC8FDE1FC71FDF8" author="JONES, A. G. &amp; CHOWN, S. L. &amp; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J." box="[794,986,521,545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="213 - 273" refId="ref10980" refString="JONES, A. G.; CHOWN, S. L.; WEBB, T. J. &amp; GASTON, K. J. 2003: The free-living pterygote insects of Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean. - Systematics and Biodiversity 1 (2): 213 - 273." type="journal article" year="2003">JONES et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
from Gough as
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FB51FDE1FA89FDF8" box="[1155,1314,521,545]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FB51FDE1FB4CFDF8" box="[1155,1255,521,545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella</emphasis>
sp. B
</taxonomicName>
. New to
<collectingCountry id="90D6C0A0AC66FFA6FCCBFDC1FBB7FD98" box="[793,1052,553,577]" name="Tristan da Cunha Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Tristan da Cunha Island</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FCC8FD81FC06FD78" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="description">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FCC8FD81FC06FD78" blockId="9.[793,1398,617,673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FCC8FD81FC08FD58" bold="true" box="[794,931,617,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Description:</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FC1DFD82FB5AFD58" author="MENZEL, F. &amp; MOHRIG, W." box="[975,1265,617,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" refId="ref11449" refString="MENZEL, F. &amp; MOHRIG, W. 2000: Revision der palaarktischen Trauermucken (Diptera: Sciaridae). - Studia dipterologica Supplement 6 (1999): 761 pp." type="book" year="2000">MENZEL &amp; MOHRIG (2000)</bibRefCitation>
: 386, figs 56, 71b, 353355.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0DBD3BBAC66FFA6FCC8FD21FAE3FB98" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FCC8FD21FC32FD38" blockId="9.[794,1399,713,1089]" box="[794,921,713,737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FCC8FD21FC32FD38" bold="true" box="[794,921,713,737]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Discussion:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E87E8030AC66FFA6FCC8FD02FAE3FB98" blockId="9.[794,1399,713,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">
Larvae are found in plant material in the soil and are involved in decomposition. They feed on fungi and in this connection have been regarded as a pest to mushroom growers (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FC2CFCA1FB72FCB8" author="TIBBLES, L. L. &amp; CHANDLER, D. &amp; MEAD, A. &amp; JERVIS, M. &amp; BODDY, L." box="[1022,1241,841,865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="73 - 81" refId="ref12057" refString="TIBBLES, L. L.; CHANDLER, D.; MEAD, A.; JERVIS, M. &amp; BODDY, L. 2005: Evaluation of the behavioural response of the flies Megaselia halterata and Lycoriella castanescens to different mushroom cultivation materials. - Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 116 (2): 73 - 81." type="journal article" year="2005">TIBBLES et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Due to this probable relation with fungal hyphae
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FB12FC81FC02FC78" authority="(JOHANNSEN)" baseAuthorityName="JOHANNSEN" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sativae">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FB12FC81FADCFC58" box="[1216,1399,873,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Lycoriella sativae</emphasis>
(JOHANNSEN)
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="2FC1FBB3AC66FFA6FC05FC62FABBFC78" authority="(LENGERSDORF)" baseAuthorityName="LENGERSDORF" box="[983,1296,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Sciaridae" genus="Lycoriella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castanescens">
<emphasis id="DAB55C22AC66FFA6FC05FC62FBF2FC78" box="[983,1113,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">castanescens</emphasis>
(LENGERSDORF)
</taxonomicName>
] is common in nearly every kind of ecosystem throughout the Holarctic
<collectingRegion id="2A054ED2AC66FFA6FC57FC21FC7AFC38" box="[901,977,969,993]" country="Iraq" pageId="9" pageNumber="292">Region</collectingRegion>
and most probably beyond. It is especially dominant in disturbed ecosystems like cultivated fields and temporarily flooded areas. For more detailed information about habitats see
<bibRefCitation id="8C50FDC1AC66FFA6FBB1FBC2FAEFFB98" author="MENZEL, F. &amp; SMITH, J. E. &amp; CHANDLER, P. J." box="[1123,1348,1065,1089]" pageId="9" pageNumber="292" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref11580" refString="MENZEL, F.; SMITH, J. E. &amp; CHANDLER, P. J. 2006: The sciarid fauna of the British Isles (Diptera: Sciaridae), including descriptions of six new species. - Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 146 (1): 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="2006">MENZEL et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>