296 lines
40 KiB
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296 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21450" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21975627-96b7-45c7-9c80-0a73a850169a" ID-PMC="PMC7387366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" ID-PubMed="32774101" ID-ZooBank="3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-51" checkinTime="1595285263451" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Srisuka, Wichai, Fukuda, Masako & Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2020" docId="B576CECFE4825BD7A6924CFF660F762B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 51-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chaowaense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="20CF4BE9-8A76-48F6-A1A8-C37CA48336D7" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" masterDocTitle="Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1732680320779" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="54A7F6D794C96DCDB9FE406000865D61" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="46EC9889FC81B64CE2EF722036904106">
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<mods:title id="39C9846DFE0254EAF781363F5E0177A5">Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1F2CD686275D706B32F30CEA68B3328F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A940888D77AB912B0D881EF03BFE7526">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F0D9C4FF4B96C65F4FF610E83204FA88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7FC3088803F74627C660AED5E45C610D">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1CA616031BE93501D245457FC0094E3B">Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F382558202CA8F51EBF7172F35DD3007" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5AF9130B5600060FDD76B993D5C03A9B">
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<mods:roleTerm id="83E136000584FDD021C852D2467143EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D5D97666857CC5B85D259C3DD6C028C8">Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="98D5C9756E7F8A07539C491658617953">Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D0EBBB2CD52E7C561CFAF0470FC044F0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DEC4AED5314929B8961EE01FC7810014">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8C828CB1E382FD42390A536581A1A89E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AC04373248867BCD96475752D34B7F92">Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="50C73E84CF27DBD1A389523FB3E4E960">Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="FCE9AD50B6903AC8F49683236AEB4809" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="CDF175E5F0E3D773BCD502315393ECDE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D36EFB4925C666D82924C319604D91A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3E946DCDF79CCFF93AC8D9DAA3A1234E">Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="076537317D905886CD8ACB1AA70E0A95">Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F9037E705B9892FEDC6F016A03C18948" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D449DFBB011A2D1A699498FE847034EC" type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5CC3D1465DEC136EA70A93B112A6120B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="491A6A9E0929DC3CA96288FA30C65B17">
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<mods:title id="42D740ADC71E9141D705EEBFCE81F462">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="89A9F1A9E830CF32827344A46885CA37">
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<mods:date id="6BFA37BA5B0B7D24BD32A5CDDE8D30ED">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E61CE012684280EC286FFE7E00DA76E8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D7A1721D8EF8E0B941CFB21A927A68C6">950</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="C1F702191B44C2F0AD0C80EF3F638025" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="7BB68E094F43B19CE38CC9F8A5F8F47B">51</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7967702F4F342CF3FC2EF4D71EF6AF99">152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="E9B4E6900020C6AF6F0A489FA1EBF9B8">
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<mods:url id="E8386B19AFD4B63AD1E0B43DFF9B8B37">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="777F9C6EAC4113F78B60159BAF09946E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C7D0C391E786B02364A45CBC9502362E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8DD496C7652CC812B16F807E8163D7DE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D149B6787462B2CF81149AB7986CC249" type="ZooBank">3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A94084FAAA46FC56EB15A9D681E96889" type="Pensoft-UUID">7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="B576CECFE4825BD7A6924CFF660F762B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843370" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20CF4BE9-8A76-48F6-A1A8-C37CA48336D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B576CECFE4825BD7A6924CFF660F762B" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" scope_family="Simuliidae" scope_order="Diptera" scope_subGenus="Gomphostilbia">
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<subSubSection id="9FA1D4DA74188219E6D790A24BC75479" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="ECAFFA423F7EC897F51AB515AA23BBB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="AF846E66CACAF0FCC26E9E160DB03E06" ID-CoL="8DXFK" LSID="B576CECF-E482-5BD7-A692-4CFF660F762B" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chaowaense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaowaense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chaowaense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3729A2B52C3E184A5780FF643B739DC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="2922DA0068BF96854A10B2002D59E6C0" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7F07E7C80715D0C25E96E4D3AC3A5B0B" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 25G</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00325AF51CF7A6924D66564E82A0AB70" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AC0D6E9BF75E71647281835754CCABD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F02EE3DE414348BD36BD278D21267B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="F30D3F3124DAF4C26B44E38F58F38D54" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
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: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype:
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<taxonomicName id="454EAEA83332DDA25825CAE9D781E57E" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium chaowaense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chaowaense">
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<emphasis id="80AB3B4D9362E846EECC48931DA7D664" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Simulium chaowaense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male, QSBG col. no. 164, Thailand, 16-III-2017, by W. Srisuka", collected from a small stream (width 40 cm, depth 3.5 cm, bed sandy, moderate flow, pH 7.3, 21.9 °C, partially, elevation 582 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="6D5982AD698E31F4E34F8F9404C320FC" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="30.2" value="18.758389">18°45'30.2"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="ED8D3DE252E62B1DCC76799B76B74F56" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="11.4" value="100.3365">100°20'11.4"E</geoCoordinate>
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), Chao Wa Waterfall, Song District, Phrae Province, Thailand, 16-III-2017, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 164).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="47F40F43AA2DB490F8B39049AAD715C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="70C05B3C7E7A868FA5F798CF7A9DFD16" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Three males (thorax of one male for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and six mature larvae (one mature larva for DNA analysis) (in 80% ethanol), same data as in the holotype
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2EB5446BE31E7CE7A39C9279BF611827" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="74B62BA9693D916D729F196D5FAEBD84" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="53ECB5A73DF36A26F248A1407C36A954" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Male: number of upper-eye facets in 14 or 15 vertical columns and 14 or 15 horizontal rows, and moderately widened hind basitarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A3414754EECB19E4962633D2F1E69410" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15A</figureCitation>
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) 0.9 times as wide as hind femur. Larva: medium-long postgenal cleft (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="87E8820A8C94C07A8E437AD2B41CFADD" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15H</figureCitation>
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) 1.2-1.3 times as long as the postgenal bridge and all abdominal segments greyish (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="325E76C0978685A0216097E08D6E336C" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="BFB27C0AC88E95C41EDEC32F71C17080" doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph id="C4B68B82EBABDD6F95126067F3D0FAC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="C9554ABCA67C11FEE2AE0DF6F16579DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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Male, pupa and larva of
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<taxonomicName id="3A316D98749B0EC3AA12242C89566D0E" lsidName="S. chaowaense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="chaowaense">
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<emphasis id="7CFFAB69CAE488E8743281AE29BB9ACF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. chaowaense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis id="B728FE351CB4CF5858F2EC3DDFDF57DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A-D</emphasis>
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male
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<emphasis id="9B037BF9E4760FB8BFA664289EB61995" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E-G</emphasis>
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pupa
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<emphasis id="60AAF750955EAE1F3B61B8BDC158E5D0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
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larva.
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<emphasis id="3C858E6FA958AF17C643EB70BAFD33AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
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<emphasis id="A02410176BA0485C1BF8B81A65303CC3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view)
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<emphasis id="00E43CE856B4726917E5D5B90794A6F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view)
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<emphasis id="70947AB197705174E3124D3FA61DFA8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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ventral plate (caudal view)
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<emphasis id="09D5D1F4AEBF166D1522CFCA99B8CBC2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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gill filaments (right side; lateral view)
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<emphasis id="EF3022124A67C6BC3CF10DD04A7EEFC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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terminal hooks (caudal view)
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<emphasis id="C114D4D034A1AFB07EB8F117DDEB9141" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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cocoon (dorsal view)
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<emphasis id="FC47FE23A9AF28FF16CD4383CEB47919" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
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head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis id="A76DC1787999AFBC995FBD18AF316B69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis id="13B609F01BA5519AB8B7ABB4CA7D0A70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, E, H</emphasis>
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); 0.02 mm (
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<emphasis id="39D91F35405ED66E34F66761F3BF4B9A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B-D</emphasis>
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); 0.01 mm (
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<emphasis id="69EB64E37E27144359488E4596392D15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="99B29EB66BA8606E14019385041C047F" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9A8767F2DAA21E77482E84BB152C71A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E4F528A7ECF303CB707C09B461BFBA5E" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="758BB7E06CCEC5820C8A8AA7C9AA16F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="6BA205CF28798BB89B031923821240C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 4). Body length 2.0-2.3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8189D7F111AB436141D304C984166D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="2F2489B383562475F14BA139B2F686A1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
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Distinctly wider than thorax. Upper eye dark brown, consisting of large facets in 14 or 15 vertical columns and 14 or 15 horizontal rows on each side. Antenna light to medium brown except scape, pedicel, and base of first flagellomere yellow; first flagellomere elongate, 1.8 times length of second. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.0-1.2:2.5-2.8; sensory vesicle globular or ellipsoidal, 0.16-0.17 times length of third palpal segment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58D3E8B810EDA856A8EFFA785DB871BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="77B704DB7A04B71A5E05AB0FC493D200" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Scutum with faint longitudinal vittae (one median and two submedian).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="35BCAEE60CEFB6BC1556E3D2E828C119" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="7C672BB14BC0DF5101767C13DDEF1990" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
|
|
Foreleg: tibia whitish yellow except basal one-fourth light brown and apical one-third dark brown; basitarsus moderately dilated, 7.3-7.4 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: coxa light brown; femur light to medium brown with base yellow and apical cap dark brown (though apical tip yellow); tibia dark brown except little less than basal half yellow; tarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8252B968383B86AF86FB542BB7F096CB" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15A</figureCitation>
|
|
) brownish black except little less than basal half of basitarsus and little less than basal half of second tarsomere whitish yellow; basitarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="FB6466FCAB9BA98965C9AECBC5D4F20F" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15A</figureCitation>
|
|
) 3.8-4.0 times as long as wide, and 0.8-0.9 and 0.9 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="050A62B1DB1633C1EB0B5D1EFFF88CF4" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15A</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.36 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DAFCC38151008F5A959AB70DF76937A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="7CEAF59F99A8789D326AA0D0DC7FD0CF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
|
|
Length 1.6-1.7 mm. Subcosta with 2-8 hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EDEB2FDE3F05B38E3D7E6AEF789F2E03" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="76922EDA5A50AA3ED7A4714BB5F8FCA7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
|
Coxite in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8AEE93A4F5603AA4759461AA53389BAD" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15B</figureCitation>
|
|
) nearly rectangular, 1.8 times as long as its greatest width. Style in ventrolateral view slightly tapered toward apex, with truncated apex, and 0.8 times as long as coxite. Ventral plate in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="BCB5C2FA251B312FC593459B9269C027" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15B</figureCitation>
|
|
) with body transverse, 0.7 times as long as wide, posteroventral margin somewhat concave medially (though slightly convex medially on posterodorsal margin), and lateral margin emarginated medially; basal arms of moderate length, slightly divergent, then convergent apically; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="85882A85CD22F4574519056683AFEFFA" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15D</figureCitation>
|
|
) rounded ventrally. Cercus with 15 or 16 hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E966088803D32564263353E827CBF1A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="7ADF72A8D70FE8F53956E8D7D5878408" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="C48BF9DAA4EE06727DA1D58868B954F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 4). Body length 2.3-2.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="98DD13788B77B3F4FEF1C9A5893E5DE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="F98FD93CE41FC4C64C9F02C8415A7B1B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Integument yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6DFFA1D389A160391B26F1FCFFFD5215" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="BCC4E2B1AA4BF1D24CFAA37DD3F2A31B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Integument yellow, moderately covered with round tubercles except posterior half sparsely covered with small tubercles on dorsolateral and lateral surfaces. Gill (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D2FA2B4BA33C962D8E0754C2860EAFFE" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15E</figureCitation>
|
|
) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged asr [(2+1)+3]+2 from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk 0.7-0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; dorsal and middle triplets sharing short stalk, and dorsal and middle triplets mostly composed of one individual and two paired filaments with extremely short secondary stalk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments 1.0-1.2 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.7-0.9 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 70-80° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal and middle triplets subequal in length (2.5-2.6 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (3.0 mm) and thickness to each other (though inner filaments slightly thicker than inner one) and 1.5 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="04115A30287193407168B8B5BAD81020" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="2AE32BE9CF5CE41EF9B9FF65861F05E4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsally, all segments light yellowish; segments 1 and 2 without minute tubercles; segment 9 with pair of wide flat terminal hooks (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="6A3DAA43F1E8E46DCE3232A0DA4AC2AF" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15F</figureCitation>
|
|
), of which outer margin is 1.7-2.4 times length of inner margin and crenulated when viewed caudally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="862297A0443EF9DA29071675AC4A9283" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="A18B5D3F3BF60276A33D19A48489C83B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="26D325818345B10BDF40C751B7EED710" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15G</figureCitation>
|
|
). Slipper-shaped, moderately woven, moderately extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin without bulge or projection; individual threads visible; 3.2-3.6 mm long by 2.0-2.4 mm wide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FEF448AC7E13DAB84C9D009846DBD861" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="DFF4BFF404BC42EF80FB182B20D1F2F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="E556610261E646DA3B7560FD7C9FE028" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 5). Body length 4.1-4.5 mm. Body with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with greyish band (though disconnected ventromedially), ventral surface of thoracic segment 2 grey and that of thoracic segment 3 ochreous; abdominal segments 1-4 encircled with grey transverse band, and abdominal segments 5-8 greyish dorsally and dorsolaterally; abdominal segments 5 and 6 each overlaid with light reddish brown transverse band, appearing W-shaped, on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces (though often faded out to varying extent, leaving small round medial spot and dorsolateral spots, or only small medial spot), and also overlaid with pair of round spots on ventral surface; abdominal segments 7 and 8 each overlaid with light reddish brown pigments to varying extent on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces (completely faded out in one larva) (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="098A7B64079E28051B1C4397E500525C" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25G</figureCitation>
|
|
); abdominal segment 7 with light reddish brown transverse band on ventral surface (often faded out, leaving pair of round spots).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E0A29B27D2B5D8A82A56DFA3E8C64675" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="C771BA13F67300131EA9755E40D959D6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Head capsule yellow to dark yellow except eye-spot region whitish, sparsely covered with minute setae (though moderately on dorsal surface); head spots faintly to moderately positive. Antenna: proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.00:0.65-0.75:0.81-0.95. Labral fan with 34-38 primary rays. Hypostoma with row of nine apical teeth, of which median tooth little longer than each corner tooth; lateral margin smooth; four hypostomal bristles per side lying nearly parallel to lateral margin. Postgenal cleft (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="0BCD4854C2A43432D13E086FE65D6437" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15H</figureCitation>
|
|
) rounded, 1.2-1.3 times length of postgenal bridge.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E59962A0A5296B590A8BAAD9C523A9F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="A1B3D12BA7CB07E38C1A3BEB833458C9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis id="685EF9F2A3B952C221087B6C12A7504F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Thoracic and abdominal cuticle very sparsely covered with unpigmented minute setae (though few posterior abdominal segments sparsely to moderately covered with dark minute unbranched or bifid setae (rarely trifid setae) on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces; last abdominal segment densely covered with unbranched colorless minute setae on dorsolateral and lateral surfaces of each side of anal sclerite and on each lateral surface even down to base of ventral papilla. Rectal scales minute, unpigmented. Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with seven to nine finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms 1.1 times as long as posterior ones. Posterior circlet with 73-78 rows of hooklets with up to 13 or 14 hooklets per row.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0BFDEDFD382B53DE8213939CE08EC9EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis id="253F4F42D7B273B041CF9B050E767A92" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Female.</emphasis>
|
|
Unknown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C90F634B4B394FBE09196C03622F3102" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="9592A9226914699FF13F28EA23D6D0C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="075C612F3B76E9FCFC281F274A15B4C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
The species name,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D97B52097CC56B8F2BB189E07BDAB2FC" lsidName="chaowaense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="chaowaense">
|
|
<emphasis id="D341404F8D66DBF37A227A107F98F0B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">chaowaense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, refers to the name of the waterfall, Chao Wa, where this species was collected.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ADEA28FB52DD66B5C795AB01C4E33655" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="837F1EBE81604952083E01DE32EE30E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BEC3A4A67E8B697DC8006C377F1249DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thailand (Phrae).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A8DF7F4C2289584854C502451C1CF484" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="0CFEF7E8F2A0B000871AAD32826A223B" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3B01C37F78C5FC1B740175FE7B672B79" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
This new species is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="285ADF0779F2639876AD12E8BCA089C4" lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
|
<emphasis id="F44761A0E5940731688BAA150AAB5DD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
described from males and their associated pupal exuviae collected from Peninsular Malaysia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0D5C4FA64F095D37C67D83B300CFF24E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="54 - 68" refId="B25" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Hashim, R, 2014b. Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to 21 species of the Simulium asakoae species-group. Zootaxa 3765: 54 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3" title="Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Cameron's Highlands, Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to 21 species of the Simulium asakoae species-group." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.1.3" volume="3765" year="2014 b">Takaoka et al. 2014b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) in many characters including the number of male upper-eye facets. However, it is barely distinguished in the male from the latter species by the first flagellomere of the antenna 1.8 times as long as the second (2.1 times in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0ABD69D0996300BEE314F270E696EE99" lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
|
<emphasis id="C52AE87CB8CA208B9A6DB6AB07606526" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), male hind basitarsus 0.9 times as wide as the hind femur (1.0 time in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3669C1831261CCB4793F5DC17F8ACFB9" lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
|
<emphasis id="7358FFD878F50226BC6BE3F00610B3F0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and ventral plate with the ventral margin rounded (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2B0F0695E2E65A607C07E065F491A6EF" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male, pupa and larva of S. chaowaense sp. nov. A-D male E-G pupa H larva. A hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) B coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) C ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) D ventral plate (caudal view) E gill filaments (right side; lateral view) F terminal hooks (caudal view) G cocoon (dorsal view) H head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (G); 0.1 mm (A, E, H); 0.02 mm (B-D); 0.01 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433879" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">15D</figureCitation>
|
|
) when viewed posteriorly (straight or slightly concave in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97B3EE80BAF8B612EE344A47DA7238FC" lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
|
<emphasis id="EC12DE2ABE50734931A046945BA76DC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The pupa of this new species is almost indistinguishable from that of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0B17D22934BC26AC22E20DB25D110A62" lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
|
<emphasis id="D1BDBF24EEA76215134C83128F47E988" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although there is a slight difference in the length of filaments of the dorsal and middle triplets including their stalks and the common basal stalk (2.5-2.6 mm in this new species versus 1.6-2.2 mm in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C312B621029A27D226FE4D86F2053F00" lsidName="S. tanahrataense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="tanahrataense">
|
|
<emphasis id="A70D15451BB0DF3DAAF2B6E2AE950E45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. tanahrataense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="227B9088E54DDB7241BC89F9D0FA01C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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This new species is similar to
|
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<taxonomicName id="4F3D98F177A618AB6F490F3D10E2802B" lsidName="S. confertum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="confertum">
|
|
<emphasis id="3C294F9F60B282A88F8A4B8909A5ADAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. confertum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Vietnam (
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<bibRefCitation id="F54C128415FE7A0C1215EF429A8F0F1F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B22" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Low, VL, Pham, XD, Adler, PH, 2017a. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1-165. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1 - 165." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" year="2017 a">Takaoka et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) in having the similar number of male upper-eye large facets but is distinguished from the latter species by the ventral plate with the ventral margin rounded when viewed posteriorly (nearly straight in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E544B37474B472601B45DC30CECC0652" lsidName="S. confertum" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="confertum">
|
|
<emphasis id="CCE9518882ABA389B15447259189F3F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. confertum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |