360 lines
48 KiB
XML
360 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="B614E23870CCAFB3E34D57F1DB4B48AD" ID-CLB-Dataset="54686" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2022.81.02" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bce2e984-6eeb-4f74-8e07-08e4345afb21" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065415" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1687358247783" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="McSweeney, Fearghus R., Shimeta, Jeff & Buckeridge, John St J. S." docDate="2022" docId="2C0187B4FF95FFE7FC826FF65900FDAD" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.81.25-41.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 81" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2022.81.02" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.1:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Zosterophyllum undefined-b" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="D038FFCCFF9EFFE9FFB36F135865FF91" masterDocTitle="Lower Devonian Zosterophyllum-like plants from central Victoria, Australia, and their significance" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1699529665073" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DFFC00D3D633874E57AFD3FB377C0B9E">Lower Devonian Zosterophyllum-like plants from central Victoria, Australia, and their significance</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="779BCF71069AEC0738F63B96BFD5D80C">McSweeney, Fearghus R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BAEF60C170A5E7E0F6CA8F036FD8A88">Shimeta, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBC5758C3651B02817B3468653962A3C">Buckeridge, John St J. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E132895F27E66F44CBC98295FC9ADA52">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FD7E50E3091162F9BA282FD98B695930">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="73FF206B371EB68184E6A85BA5D4A6A3">
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<mods:date id="2374A0644E3FFC38A36ABC106FE850E7">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="711BEC58A600A3DCBB14942339BA609F">81</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FEAEE3257A7BB67239EBA2D609E0B07A">http://dx.doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2022.81.02</mods:url>
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<treatment id="2C0187B4FF95FFE7FC826FF65900FDAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8083029" ID-GBIF-Taxon="210477352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8083029" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2C0187B4FF95FFE7FC826FF65900FDAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2C0187B4FF95FFE7FC826FF65900FDAD" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="ECB26529FF95FFE2FC826FF65C52FF6B" box="[817,1079,229,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FC826FF65C52FF6B" blockId="11.[817,1079,229,251]" box="[817,1079,229,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="FF5F81CEFF95FFE2FC826FF65C52FF6B" bold="true" box="[817,1079,229,251]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FC826FF65C52FF6B" bold="true" box="[817,1079,229,251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF95FFE2FC826FF65C57FF6B" box="[817,1074,229,251]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FCE26FF65B93FF6A" bold="true" box="[849,1014,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
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sp. B
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECB26529FF95FFE2FC826E325BDBFEF2" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FC826E325B81FEA6" blockId="11.[817,996,289,311]" box="[817,996,289,311]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="FF5F81CEFF95FFE2FC826E325B81FEA6" bold="true" box="[817,996,289,311]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FC826E325B81FEA6" bold="true" box="[817,996,289,311]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Gen. et sp. indet.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FC826E5E5BDBFEF2" blockId="11.[817,958,333,355]" box="[817,958,333,355]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<figureCitation id="3C932A27FF95FFE2FC826E5E5BF9FEF2" box="[817,924,333,355]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="11.[147,207,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[153,1443,870,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-290@11.[153,1443,870,1813]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 10. cf. Zosterophyllum sp. B, from the Humevale Siltstone, Ghin Ghin Road, Yea: a, part (NMV P NMV P256742.1); b, counterpart (NMV P NMV P256742.2) respectively; c, line drawing, with S1–9 (sporangia one to nine). Note: Part image reversed to be in the same orientation as the counterpart. Note. Arrow in part, points to sporangium 4, which is obscured in the counterpart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065437/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Figures 10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3C932A27FF95FFE2FC146E5D5BDBFEF2" box="[935,958,334,355]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="12.[139,197,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[142,1437,227,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-16@12.[142,1437,227,1774]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 11. cf. Zosterophyllum sp. B. NMV P256742.1: a, c, (line drawing) sporangium 3 (counterpart) in-folded, with stalk attachment widening out in basal region of sporangium. Poorly defined dehiscence zone (zone) and line; b, sporangium one (counterpart) with border visible; d, basal oval structure (part), with what appears to be a much smaller spike emanating from it (at arrow), and a poorly preserved axis beneath the oval structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065441/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECB26529FF95FFE2FC826E6A5C0DFE36" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FC826E6A5C0DFE36" blockId="11.[817,1448,377,423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FC826E6A5BE4FE1D" box="[817,897,377,396]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Material</emphasis>
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. NMV P256742.1 and P256742.2 (P4-5 field note identifier), part and counterpart, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ECB26529FF95FFE4FC826EAC5B69FDE6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FC826EAC5BB6FD81" blockId="11.[817,1448,447,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FC826EAC5BE7FE45" box="[817,898,447,468]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Locality</emphasis>
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. P4 is equivalent to Loc.
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<quantity id="63509B47FF95FFE2FB336EAC5CC2FE44" box="[1152,1191,447,469]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
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<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF95FFE2FB1E6EAC5D53FE45" author="Garratt, M. J." box="[1197,1334,447,468]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref11211" refString="Garratt, M. J. 1978. New evidence of a Silurian (Ludlow) age for the earliest Baragwanathia flora. Alcheringa 2: 217 - 224." type="journal article" year="1978">Garratt (1978</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2), and occurs on Ghin Ghin Road,
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<quantity id="63509B47FF95FFE2FBE66ECF5CEFFE63" box="[1109,1162,476,498]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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northwest of Yea township, central
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<collectingRegion id="666CF840FF95FFE2FCC86EE95BAAFD81" box="[891,975,506,528]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Victoria</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FC826D345C78FD04" blockId="11.[814,1450,550,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FC826D345BBFFDAD" box="[817,986,550,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Horizon and age</emphasis>
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. Humevale Siltstone, Pragian–Emsian, Lower Devonian (
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<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF95FFE2FC136D575C0BFDC8" author="Edwards, J. & Olshina, A. & Slater, K. R." box="[928,1134,580,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" refId="ref11105" refString="Edwards, J., Olshina, A., and Slater, K. R. 1997. Nagambie and part of Yea 1: 100 000 map geological report. Geological Survey of Victoria Report 109, 145 pp." type="book" year="1997">Edwards et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF95FFE2FBC96D575D65FDC8" author="Garratt, M. J." box="[1146,1280,580,601]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" pagination="217 - 224" refId="ref11211" refString="Garratt, M. J. 1978. New evidence of a Silurian (Ludlow) age for the earliest Baragwanathia flora. Alcheringa 2: 217 - 224." type="journal article" year="1978">Garratt, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF95FFE2FAB86D575DC3FDC8" author="Rickards, R. B." box="[1291,1446,580,602]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" pagination="207 - 209" refId="ref12678" refString="Rickards, R. B. 2000. The age of the earliest club mosses: the Silurian Baragwanathia flora in Victoria, Australia. Geological Magazine 137 (2): 207 - 209." type="journal article" year="2000">Rickards, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF95FFE2FC816D725C5FFDE7" author="Rickards, R. B. & Garratt, M. J." box="[818,1082,609,631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref12714" refString="Rickards, R. B., and Garratt, M. J. 1990. Pridoli graptolites from the Humevale Formation at Ghin Ghin and Cheviot, Victoria, Australia. Proceedings of the Geological Society 48 (1): 41 - 46." type="journal article" year="1990">Rickards and Garratt, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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; VandenBerg et al. 2000; VandenBerg pers. comm.
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<date id="D0161062FF95FFE2FC1E6D6C5C77FD04" box="[941,1042,639,661]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" value="2021-06">June 2021</date>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE4FC826DBF5B69FDE6" blockId="11.[816,1448,683,794]" lastBlockId="13.[145,780,229,631]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FC826DBF5BCEFD50" box="[817,939,684,705]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Description.</emphasis>
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Single specimen, comprising compact spike, with part and counterpart preserved in semi-relief as an iron oxide coated impression and cast, only gross morphological features are visible (fig. 10). The spike measures
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<quantity id="63509B47FF95FFE2FB186C175C96FC88" box="[1195,1267,772,793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity id="63509B47FF95FFE2FAED6C175DC2FC88" box="[1374,1447,772,793]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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wide, with at least nine sporangia arranged helically, becoming more compact distally. The fertile naked axis measures
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<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FD066E1158DEFEA4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="3.75" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="2.625" valueMax="3.75" valueMin="1.5">1.5–3.75 mm</quantity>
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wide, narrowing distally before terminating in sporangium nine. Sporangia in face view (1.2–3.0 mm wide and
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<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FD276E2E5B6FFEC3" box="[660,778,317,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.3 mm</quantity>
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long) occur in the distal part of the spike and are circular to oblong. Proximally, sporangia one to three are in lateral view, being longitudinally elliptical and infolded. Sporangia are inserted at an angle of
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<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FEAC6EA25948FE59" box="[287,301,433,456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">∼</emphasis>
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||
20°. Proximally on the spike there is an elliptical (lateral view) junction at the point of attachment (face view) on the abaxial valve between the stalk and the sporangium. The stalks are decurrent, narrowing slightly before widening distally at the base of the sporangium. The sporangia possess a dehiscence zone along their entire distal margins, with a border
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||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FD216D575B6CFDC8" box="[658,777,580,601]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
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wide gradually tapering proximally towards the stalk attachment.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="F0D7662AFF95FFE2FF2068355C73F8FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065437" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065437/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" startId="11.[147,207,1830,1849]" targetBox="[153,1443,870,1813]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF95FFE2FF2068355C73F8FF" blockId="11.[147,1448,1830,1902]" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Figure 10. cf.
|
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<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF95FFE2FEBD683559A9F8AB" box="[270,460,1830,1850]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF95FFE2FEBD683559FDF8A8" box="[270,408,1830,1849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
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||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, from the Humevale Siltstone, Ghin Ghin Road, Yea: a, part (NMV P NMV P256742.1); b, counterpart (NMV P NMV P256742.2) respectively; c, line drawing, with S1–9 (sporangia one to nine). Note: Part image reversed to be in the same orientation as the counterpart. Note. Arrow in part, points to sporangium 4, which is obscured in the counterpart.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<caption id="F0D7662AFF92FFE5FF3868355DFEF8FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065441/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" startId="12.[139,197,1830,1849]" targetBox="[142,1437,227,1774]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF92FFE5FF3868355DFEF8FF" blockId="12.[139,1439,1830,1902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Figure 11. cf.
|
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<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF92FFE5FEB0683559DAF8AB" box="[259,447,1830,1850]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF92FFE5FEB0683559E9F8A8" box="[259,396,1830,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. NMV P256742.1: a, c, (line drawing) sporangium 3 (counterpart) in-folded, with stalk attachment widening out in basal region of sporangium. Poorly defined dehiscence zone (zone) and line; b, sporangium one (counterpart) with border visible; d, basal oval structure (part), with what appears to be a much smaller spike emanating from it (at arrow), and a poorly preserved axis beneath the oval structure.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ECB26529FF93FFE7FF206D9E5900FDAD" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF93FFE4FF206D9E59F9F9BC" blockId="13.[146,780,653,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
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||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FF206D9E5895FD33" box="[147,240,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There is a notable disparity in size between the much larger proximal sporangia (S1–5) and distal sporangia (S6–9), suggesting the spike may be immature. Sporangia one–three are in a lateral position and are infolded, a common feature seen especially in laterally placed sporangia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FDE36C115A8CFC86" authorityName="D.P.Penhallow" authorityYear="1892" box="[592,745,770,791]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FDE36C115A8CFC86" box="[592,745,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It suggests that the sporangia may have originally had relatively flat bodies, as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FEC56C2E5995FCC2" author="Lang, W. H." box="[374,496,829,851]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="443 - 455" refId="ref11935" refString="Lang, W. H. 1927. Contributions to the study of the Old Red Sandstone Flora of Scotland. VI. On Zosterophyllum myretonianum, Penh., and some other plant-remains from the Carmyllie Beds of the Lower Old Red Sandstone. VII. On a specimen of Pseudosporochnus from the Stromness Beds. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 55 (2): 443 - 455." type="journal article" year="1927">Lang (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
when explaining this feature in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FF036C4959BAFCE1" baseAuthorityName="Lele and Walton" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[176,479,858,880]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myretonianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FF036C4959BAFCE1" box="[176,479,858,880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum myretonianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The points of attachment of the stalk to the sporangia are visible on sporangia one and three (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C932A27FF93FFE4FF286C865971FC3B" box="[155,276,917,939]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="12.[139,197,1830,1849]" captionTargetBox="[142,1437,227,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-16@12.[142,1437,227,1774]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 11. cf. Zosterophyllum sp. B. NMV P256742.1: a, c, (line drawing) sporangium 3 (counterpart) in-folded, with stalk attachment widening out in basal region of sporangium. Poorly defined dehiscence zone (zone) and line; b, sporangium one (counterpart) with border visible; d, basal oval structure (part), with what appears to be a much smaller spike emanating from it (at arrow), and a poorly preserved axis beneath the oval structure." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065441" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065441/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Figs 11a, c</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the stalks widening into the base of the sporangia. The attachment is elliptical, and it is possible that the raised regions defining the elliptical region, which appear partially raised, may reflect the splitting of the attachment at the base of the sporangium, possibly feeding each of the valve. However, the preservation is too poor and this remains equivocal. The attachment occurs on the adaxial side of the valve, but the demarcations between both valves are faint or absent on the sporangia. Most of the distal sporangia show the stalk centred beneath the sporangium, with a gradual widening of the stalk into the valve. Sporangium seven, which is in face-view, appears to show the widening of the distal part of the stalk on the lower part of a valve, producing a sub-circular zone of attachment. Sporangium five, while poorly preserved, is in side view and greatly compressed laterally with the projecting edge of the border visible in the apex, and a fine stalk is present in the basal region. The adaxial valve only appears marginally darker than the surrounding matrix and is convex, while the upper valve is flatter and delimited by its iron-oxide colouration. Sporangia four and six also appear to show a slight separation at the distal-most region of the valves. This may be a result of compression as the sporangia are small relative to the proximal sporangia, suggesting they were not fully mature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF93FFE4FF0A69265AD7F951" blockId="13.[146,780,653,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The dehiscence line can be seen along the distal margins of the proximal sporangia, visible down to the stalk attachment (fig. 11c) but is only visible on some of the distal sporangia. There is a dehiscence zone beside the dehiscence line no wider than
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FF7669B95974F92E" box="[197,273,1706,1727]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
and is clearest on the proximal sporangia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF93FFE4FF0A69D45C5CFE57" blockId="13.[146,780,653,1903]" lastBlockId="13.[816,1450,229,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The proximal part of the fertile axis expands into an ovalshaped body (fig. 11d) that measures
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FDA569F75A14F96B" box="[534,625,1764,1786]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.74" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.74">3.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FD6D69F758DEF886" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.80 mm</quantity>
|
||
high. The point where the axis starts increasing in diameter was taken as the start of this structure because there is no other way to differentiate it from the axis. The oval body is similar to the corm-like structure found basally on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC826FF65D41FF6A" authority="Barghoorn and Darrah" authorityName="Barghoorn and Darrah" box="[817,1316,229,251]" class="Langiophytopsida" family="Langiophytaceae" genus="Horneophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Langiophytophyta" rank="species" species="lignieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FC826FF65C7BFF6B" box="[817,1054,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Horneophyton lignieri</emphasis>
|
||
Barghoorn and Darrah
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FAE96FF55CC7FE89" authority="Kidston and Lang, 1920" authorityName="Kidston and Lang" authorityYear="1920" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Hornea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lignieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FAE96FF55B19FE86" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Hornea lignieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FC3F6E115CC7FE89" author="Kidston, R. & Lang, W. H." box="[908,1186,258,280]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="603 - 627" refId="ref11864" refString="Kidston, R., and Lang, W. H. 1920. On Old Red Sandstone plants showing structure, from the Rhynie chert bed, Aberdeenshire. II. Additional notes on Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii with descriptions of Rhynia major n. sp. and Hornea lignieri n. g., n. sp. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 52: 603 - 627." type="journal article" year="1920">Kidston and Lang, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, because no anatomy is preserved, its nature remains equivocal and may be a quirk of preservation. A small, fine, faint linear structure (fig. 11d) appears to emanate from the oval body, but remains equivocal because sampling did not reveal any organic remains and high magnification did not reveal any morphological characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF93FFE4FCE46EDE5D29FB0B" blockId="13.[816,1450,229,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The specimen fits into the class
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB3D6EDE5D2EFE72" authorityName="Hao and Xue" authorityYear="2013" box="[1166,1355,461,483]" class="Zosterophyllopsida" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="class">Zosterophyllopsida</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of naked axes, cauline sporangia made up of two valves that dehisce along their distal margins, and vascularized stalks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FCCB6D375C31FDAB" author="Croft, W. N. & Lang, W. H." box="[888,1108,548,570]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="131 - 163" refId="ref10720" refString="Croft, W. N., and Lang, W. H. 1942. The Lower Devonian flora of the Senni Beds of Monmouthshire and Breconshire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 231: 131 - 163." type="journal article" year="1942">Croft and Lang, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB206D375D35FDAB" authorityName="Hao and Xue" authorityYear="2013" box="[1171,1360,548,570]" class="Zosterophyllopsida" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="class">Zosterophyllopsida</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes two orders,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC166D525C2DFDC6" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1968" box="[933,1096,577,599]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="order">Zosterophyllales</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Gosslingiales, and because this specimen possessed a terminal sporangium, it has been assigned to order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC346D685C48FD00" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1968" box="[903,1069,635,657]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="order">Zosterophyllales</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numerous characteristics are notably absent, such as H- or K-branching and circinate vernation. Because the sporangia were not in rows, the specimen was excluded from the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FBFB6DC15D74FD76" box="[1096,1297,722,743]" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platyzosterophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FBFB6DC15D74FD76" box="[1096,1297,722,743]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Platyzosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and tentatively placed into the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FBF96DFC5C86FC95" box="[1098,1251,751,772]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zosterophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FBF96DFC5C86FC95" box="[1098,1251,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, it was difficult to determine the true morphological outline of the sporangia, with some of the distal sporangia appearing slightly longer than wider. Furthermore, the absence of sporangia proximally in face view added to the uncertainty of whether the sporangia were slightly vertically elongate. Distally, the sporangia are poorly preserved with no unequivocal demarcation of both the valves and junctions between the valves and their subtending stalks. For the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB646CC45D15FC7D" box="[1239,1392,983,1004]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zosterophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB646CC45D15FC7D" box="[1239,1392,983,1004]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the sporangia are reinform, fan-shaped and isovalved, and are excluded if anisovalvate or vertically longer than wide according to Edwards et al. (2016) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FB226B3D5DF7FBD5" author="Edwards, D. & Li, C-S." box="[1169,1426,1070,1092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="98 - 111" refId="ref11064" refString="Edwards, D., and Li, C-S. 2018. Diversity in affinities of plants with lateral sporangia from the Lower Devonian of Sichuan Province, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 258: 98 - 111." type="journal article" year="2018">Edwards and Li (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a). Additionally, the presence of an oval region at the proximal end of the fertile axis added further doubt to its true assignation, and so the specimen was placed into cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB236B975D29FB0B" box="[1168,1356,1156,1178]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB236B975D4CFB08" box="[1168,1321,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF93FFE4FCE46BB25D1AFA67" blockId="13.[816,1450,229,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FCC56BB25C23FB26" box="[886,1094,1185,1207]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FCC56BB25C6AFB27" box="[886,1039,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FABD6BB25B3FFB45" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FABD6BB25DC2FB27" box="[1294,1447,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="666CF840FF93FFE4FC286BAD5B8FFB45" box="[923,1002,1214,1236]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC4F6BAC5CF9FB42" authorityName="Lang and Cookson" authorityYear="1930" box="[1020,1180,1214,1236]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FC4F6BAC5CF9FB42" box="[1020,1180,1214,1236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Z. australianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB616BAC5D2FFB45" authorityName="Hao and Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[1234,1354,1215,1236]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB616BAC5D2FFB45" box="[1234,1354,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Z. ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), despite the limited characters available for comparison.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FAA36BC85BD1FA9C" authorityName="Lang and Cookson" authorityYear="1930" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FAA36BC85BD1FA9C" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum australianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess horizontally elliptical sporangia with large, thickened margins (
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FB856A055CD5FABA" box="[1078,1200,1302,1323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) and sporangia far larger than cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC786A215CC2FAD9" box="[971,1191,1330,1352]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FC786A215C01FAD6" box="[971,1124,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
., reaching up to 8.0 mm wide and 5.0 mm high (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FBA86A435CBBFAF4" author="Hao, S. - G. & Xue, J." box="[1051,1246,1359,1381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" refId="ref11558" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Xue, J. 2013. The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan - a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and diversity of vascular plants. Science Press: Beijing, China, 366 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hao and Xue, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FB5B6A435B03FA13" author="Lang, W. H. & Cookson, I. C." pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="133 - 163" refId="ref12012" refString="Lang, W. H., and Cookson, I. C. 1930. Some fossil plants of Early Devonian type from the Walhalla Series, Victoria, Australia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 219: 133 - 163." type="journal article" year="1930">Lang and Cookson, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the stalks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FBC96A7E5D72FA10" authorityName="Lang and Cookson" authorityYear="1930" box="[1146,1303,1388,1410]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FBC96A7E5D72FA10" box="[1146,1303,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Z. australianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are inserted at an angle of ~90°, in contrast to
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FBC16A9B5CE5FA0E" box="[1138,1152,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">∼</emphasis>
|
||
20°˚ in cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB586A9A5B21FA2D" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB586A9A5DE1FA0F" box="[1259,1412,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FCFE6AB55C23FA2D" authorityName="Hao and Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[845,1094,1446,1468]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FCFE6AB55C23FA2D" box="[845,1094,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum ramosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FBC96AB45D73FA2A" authorityName="Lang and Cookson" authorityYear="1930" box="[1146,1302,1446,1468]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australianum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FBC96AB45D73FA2A" box="[1146,1302,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Z. australianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possess much larger sporangia, reaching up to 6.0 mm wide and
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FA916AD05D0AFA48" box="[1314,1391,1475,1497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, and are circular to reinform in shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FB126AF35D10FA67" author="Hao, S. - G. & Wang, D. - M." box="[1185,1397,1504,1526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="26 - 41" refId="ref11493" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Wang, D. - M. 2000. Two species of Zosterophyllum Penhallow (Z. australianum Lang and Cookson, Z. ramosum sp. nov.) from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of southeastern Yunnan, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 39 (sup.): 26 - 41." type="journal article" year="2000">Hao and Wang, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF93FFE7FCE46AED59DAFE59" blockId="13.[816,1450,229,1903]" lastBlockId="14.[139,772,229,572]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
|
||
In comparison with other zosterophylls with vertically elongate sporangia outside the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB5269095D19F9BE" box="[1249,1404,1562,1583]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zosterophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB5269095D19F9BE" box="[1249,1404,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC8269245C68F9DC" box="[817,1037,1591,1613]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FC8269245BA8F9DD" box="[817,973,1591,1612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. appears distinct, despite the paucity of available characters with which to compare. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FC8269625CB0F917" authority="Wang and Hao, 2002" authorityName="Wang and Hao" authorityYear="2002" box="[817,1237,1649,1671]" genus="Guangnania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuneata">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FC8269625C67F916" box="[817,1026,1649,1671]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Guangnania cuneata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FBB569615CB0F917" author="Wang, D. - M. & Hao, S. - G." box="[1030,1237,1649,1671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="13 - 27" refId="ref13259" refString="Wang, D. - M., and Hao, S. - G. 2002. Guangnania cuneata gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan Province, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 122: 13 - 27." type="journal article" year="2002">Wang and Hao, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possess anisovalvate upright sporangia, but differ from cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB19699D5D0DF935" box="[1194,1384,1678,1700]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB19699D5D23F932" box="[1194,1350,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the spike not being compact, the sporangia being much longer than wide (
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FCCA69DB5B9EF94F" box="[889,1019,1736,1758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="5.05" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="3.9">3.9–6.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF93FFE4FBCD69DB5C99F94F" box="[1150,1276,1736,1758]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) and not possessing a terminal sporangium.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FB2969F55BC3F886" authority="Hao and Beck, 1991" authorityName="Hao and Beck" authorityYear="1991" family="Cooksoniaceae" genus="Yunia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FB2969F55D22F96B" box="[1178,1351,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Yunia dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE4FAE269F55BC3F886" author="Hao, S. - G. & Beck, C. B." pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11453" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Beck, C. B. 1991. Yunia dichotoma, a Lower Devonian plant from Yunnan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 68: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1991">Hao and Beck, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the Zhichang section of the Posongchong Formation, differs from cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF93FFE4FBD9680C5D31F8A5" box="[1130,1364,1823,1844]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF93FFE4FBD9680C5D63F8A5" box="[1130,1286,1823,1844]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the morphology of the sporangia, which are elongate–elliptical to ovoid, but the sporangia did not form spikes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF93FFE7FABF684A58D8FF6A" author="Hao, S. - G. & Beck, C. B." lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11453" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Beck, C. B. 1991. Yunia dichotoma, a Lower Devonian plant from Yunnan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 68: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1991">Hao and Beck, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the axes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF90FFE7FE516FF55A0FFF6B" authorityName="Hao and Beck" authorityYear="1991" box="[482,618,229,251]" family="Cooksoniaceae" genus="Yunia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF90FFE7FE516FF55A0FFF6B" box="[482,618,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Y. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess small spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF90FFE7FF656E1059C5FE88" author="Hao, S. - G. & Beck, C. B." box="[214,416,258,281]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11453" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Beck, C. B. 1991. Yunia dichotoma, a Lower Devonian plant from Yunnan, China. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 68: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1991">Hao and Beck, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF90FFE7FE036E105AA5FE89" authority="Geng, 1985" authorityName="Geng" authorityYear="1985" box="[432,704,258,280]" class="Amphibia" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Huia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="recurvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF90FFE7FE036E105A2CFE89" box="[432,585,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Huia recurvata</emphasis>
|
||
Geng, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of the Posongchong Formation,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="666CF840FF90FFE7FE226E335984FEA4" box="[401,481,288,309]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DCBF7632FF90FFE7FE5C6E335A48FEA7" box="[495,557,288,310]" name="China" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, produced sporangia that were ovate to ovoid 2D to 3D (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF90FFE7FE6C6E2E5AA4FEC2" author="Hao, S. - G. & Xue, J." box="[479,705,317,339]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refId="ref11558" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Xue, J. 2013. The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan - a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and diversity of vascular plants. Science Press: Beijing, China, 366 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hao and Xue, 2013: 70</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF90FFE7FD636E2E5888FEE1" authority="Geng, 1985" authorityName="Geng" authorityYear="1985" class="Amphibia" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Huia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="recurvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF90FFE7FD636E2E5888FEE1" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Huia recurvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having adaxially reflected closely arranged sporangia as opposed to the crowded arrangement seen in cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF90FFE7FF3F6E875900FE3B" box="[140,357,404,426]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF90FFE7FF3F6E87594DFE38" box="[140,296,404,425]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
., with sporangia
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF90FFE7FDA26E875A03FE3B" box="[529,614,404,426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and
|
||
<quantity id="63509B47FF90FFE7FD626E8758D0FE56" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C0394B53FF90FFE7FF476EA159D1FE59" author="Hao, S. - G. & Xue, J." box="[244,436,434,456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" refId="ref11558" refString="Hao, S. - G., and Xue, J. 2013. The early Devonian Posongchong flora of Yunnan - a contribution to an understanding of the evolution and diversity of vascular plants. Science Press: Beijing, China, 366 pp." type="book" year="2013">Hao and Xue, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A41736A2FF90FFE7FF026EDC5900FDAD" blockId="14.[139,772,229,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Primarily, because the specimen lacks unequivocal evidence as to the characteristics of the sporangia, such as whether the sporangia are longer than wide, it has been placed in cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63A84D21FF90FFE7FF3F6D355905FDAD" box="[140,352,550,572]" family="Zosterophyllaceae" genus="Zosterophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zosterophyllales" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-b">
|
||
<emphasis id="96DCEAB0FF90FFE7FF3F6D35594DFDAA" box="[140,296,550,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Zosterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp. B
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |