718 lines
66 KiB
XML
718 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21401" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a53ce7a0-8ce2-458d-9ddc-89ffe1e594a0" ID-PMC="PMC7406543" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-954-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552" ID-PubMed="32821208" ID-ZooBank="A2A9BE21F57142ED979DFAD7D8151721" ModsDocID="1313-2970-954-109" checkinTime="1596086627406" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Parra, Vanessa, Nunes, Pedro M. Sales & Torres-Carvajal, Omar" docDate="2020" docId="B67910B260EE54F5B48977705A7EA8A0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 954: 109-156" docOrigin="ZooKeys 954" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667" docTitle="Pholidobolus condor Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BB38EC4E-634D-4728-BA30-412913E7D0E0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="156" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="109" updateTime="1732800769565" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="2D7F40DA32116A37A1E96B7B07531C37" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5E80CD985F1F01BB260F44FCC443B586">
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<mods:title id="09BA7CC4882B85082F4E28D23F445FE4">Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A40BB2C93D9F140D0E26109917EE9BAD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3FB2CDFF478A322BC756BFA688523315">Parra, Vanessa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E35180D3D580DAB6C12624EBA55F185">Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="B70895694C03CE82BF6FEAA0BC474FDA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9CF4D7F2588984E0A5747DD269513E1D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="6A8FBFBA09E175230C4EE25B89EFB3C4">Nunes, Pedro M. Sales</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="70E1D7BE01B9AC2C1DB2C4D2452EF400">Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n. Cidade Universitaria CEP 50670 - 901, Recife, PE, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BE7F7F423CD9EEB0D27C7A33A16EB28F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="64457863A0EB099A2B3DFE0C1736D573">Torres-Carvajal, Omar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B9AC93A39949BF310854AF49781A32C">Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Avenida 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F7F41671CF8161E36CEA27A898CF0793" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-9250</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BCC411684B58D115E4F018ADEAAC58F5" type="email">omartorcar@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="74993672EC993D74796A5607AB66CF75">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="99A86B8A527104F7A201D1EEF153E7F1">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6AFF10F7E647EB65E496A24EC32151B5">
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<mods:date id="F7CD1890722F278AA1B617E5E243B706">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="372D06A3ED5D9B2B113EF5A3FC946F00" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="40367FE94CB49937A65E3C52AE7DB65A">954</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="8EB86C420C8D77FC5CBFDCB94F1FFDA7">109</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="02866A58A73B439E6E0EF8824D9D278C">156</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="6502ED9F01D6BBCA22C518F9B8F0D82A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="28D2257F872BC13E1722FE41BC0C31C2">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E4A6508D6EB42AA1689843694E68F5C5" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0E52199978794A99CC4CE186E8B47D1B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-954-109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C1A97C81CE2381FDCDA47DFDCD9389EA" type="ZooBank">A2A9BE21F57142ED979DFAD7D8151721</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5E470B1A147D95A1EF9C0E34C3B01098" type="Pensoft-UUID">5B9A02319CA553F9999307BA351C9552</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B67910B260EE54F5B48977705A7EA8A0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166017079" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BB38EC4E-634D-4728-BA30-412913E7D0E0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B67910B260EE54F5B48977705A7EA8A0" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" scope_class="Squamata" scope_family="Gymnophthalmidae">
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<subSubSection id="F9914E15B257DBE7C305C041AA8D08AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1C599A4C2D0EC29691A7797237782149" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="E188A693F5762856D2523EFBF94A1D02" ID-CoL="8H6HV" LSID="B67910B2-60EE-54F5-B489-77705A7EA8A0" authority="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal, 2020" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor" status="sp. nov.">Pholidobolus condor</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDE9AA4E1C2E967400EB421F7519F18B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="7E92E3FABD991E34FD5E7C34866E2272" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B6D98D751B4C12B52054713F5F1470EF" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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, 10 Proposed standard English name: Condor cuilanes Proposed standard Spanish name: Cuilanes del
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<normalizedToken id="FB523E3C83DD4EA3564510666492416C" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1C182ED60649F1101485157A4A985E34" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="16EBF7A57A30D5C5AFE2259C90409AE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8DD2A18C1BDC02123DC17DA94DCC9399" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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QCAZ 15844 (Figs
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<figureCitation id="293098D9E69E89BB0F4DA761A31A54E2" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C7877E40883943C3341E406A4EEACF0A" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">10</figureCitation>
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), adult male, Ecuador, Provincia Morona Santiago, buffer zone of El Quimi Biological Reserve, plateau on the eastern side of El Quimi river valley,
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<geoCoordinate id="32F26F45DCEDF0179DDC965C9C4C37BD" degrees="3.51892" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.51892">3.51892S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9C404E0660C957297438C577E3309BB9" degrees="78.3690" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.369">78.3690W</geoCoordinate>
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, WGS84, 2209 m, 11 July 2017, collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin
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<normalizedToken id="2267CD77F48D1C6D3D6996821AF0D384" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, Eloy Nusirquia, Alex Achig and Ricardo Gavilanes.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D72FA248B6FB0DA72299BA1E4C43C4A4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph id="28F4385BAFAEEF2421137EAD46D6F156" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="1D09D14ABCDCB3FEA363DD8ACC2A432D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4EF411A3A20ADCC883FC24D0FE852172" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
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<emphasis id="5A27C391B7FE9DF32B137795CDD67F69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (
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<emphasis id="122A4A1A83B185BEF616E24BFDBAFBE0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
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), ventral (
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<emphasis id="B8AA54F68958B1BFDDE6A6A7975D3B7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
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), and lateral (
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<emphasis id="38F6A5E6DCE11EC36E975F98BCBEBD64" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
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) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (
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<emphasis id="C9EE01D5E18D514F0FF8B14F2F150472" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
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); live specimen (
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<emphasis id="A6D7D0B1325437C8BE41EC5CC2911044" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B, C</emphasis>
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). Photographs by Malki Bustos.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5E60F368E64B7C674DB11F98F26ECAA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="paratypes (3)">
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<paragraph id="96261C5193CE1D2A518EC859380E2410" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Paratypes (3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0D88B186767D786E0C74F4EF69623BA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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Ecuador: Provincia Morona Santiago: QCAZ 16790 (hatchling), El Quimi Biological Reserve, base camp towards old heliport (high zone),
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<geoCoordinate id="E8225223DA65300F0AB878E18FB1903B" degrees="3.51894" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-3.51894">3.51894S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="20774EE11327C7F3A1AF78D6B8D82A7A" degrees="78.36897" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.36897">78.36897W</geoCoordinate>
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, WGS84, 2226 m, 17 April 2018; QCAZ 16788-89 (hatchlings), El Quimi Biological Reserve, near base camp,
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<geoCoordinate id="0C681A038C22BFEFBF8A9B4DCD24B62C" degrees="3.5182" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.5182">3.5182S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B16B8ECF0F2188D05F33C6AE4BCDAE6C" degrees="78.3913" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-78.3913">78.3913W</geoCoordinate>
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, WGS84, 1994 m, 12 April 2018, collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin
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<normalizedToken id="40EC4369D507777A3CC3603CC9E71013" originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, Eloy Nusirquia, Alex Achig and
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<normalizedToken id="0A337302E159A4E2D58391D4B890077B" originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
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del Mar Moretta.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="60C8798D53A90BA11257664D89E357F8" doi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
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<paragraph id="9E72131639D5DAD670438CCC58032D15" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<emphasis id="2D03098058E419585F77F341A00609EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 10.</emphasis>
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Head of holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="74BB9A2022235CF14E26DA8C37E8BC01" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
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<emphasis id="7492C372B3CB46B2C2DD0E2141477526" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (
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<emphasis id="72F5412A7B3A292F4B879AAB5F019FA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">A</emphasis>
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), dorsal (
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<emphasis id="F6D7606A4BB90D87B74592177501A50C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">B</emphasis>
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), and ventral (
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<emphasis id="6254E37B8290E2DC308E27EE4A13380E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">C)</emphasis>
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views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6637DD95C37E61647E05EF23FF46A70E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AB4B53988ED93A8451092EC303D81425" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E7612E6CBC9115007540BDE0D9CEE432" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
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<taxonomicName id="172EF0B082B3C0462001787177ADC2CA" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
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<emphasis id="80C327DDCE466F622A9D2C72B7EF24DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unique among its congeners, except
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<taxonomicName id="2FBDEEE1764C669B80BF77B12923E3E6" lsidName="P. samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="samek">
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<emphasis id="A44421DD69F47B6BB4EAD0C6B45AFE9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. samek</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., in having green dorsolateral stripes on the head. However, adult males of
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<taxonomicName id="6BF2A32F356F03F97AFED94ECE932BAB" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
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<emphasis id="5453B64046DFB3A9804F2CC08118FC6E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from those of
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<taxonomicName id="24DFFEF1660F86D9843BDAA89E6B0167" lsidName="P. samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="samek">
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<emphasis id="A383D364CE19457FE43183D0A4E5C05E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. samek</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. in having lighter dorsolateral head stripes, and reddish flanks and venter. In addition,
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<taxonomicName id="D6EDF6B60891DC9606278B9D6E6097FE" lsidName="P. ulisesi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="ulisesi">
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<emphasis id="C59082EE21E6C1BB83B48748A0FB6BAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. ulisesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="39291C2E3C6736665916DD14E02C4889" lsidName="P. dicrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dicrus">
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<emphasis id="16741871B818E44E73E985AB8F94E833" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dicrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="65A07515FDBB5354DF73BC89175741F1" lsidName="P. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="hillisi">
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<emphasis id="1273FD1CCD74C108630606F42B6CE6B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. hillisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="92A60F1C5C0A4F3AC231BC9277F20D86" lsidName="P. vertebralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
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<emphasis id="BF33985D3217D552409255E1C040124D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. vertebralis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differ from
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<taxonomicName id="DD30D0D4A9CA76B9CE3DCA6EEE5C6898" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
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<emphasis id="05CBD592EED37EE6E69B763B8456F8A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(character states of
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<taxonomicName id="A4210799250AA037F2F0708D4005F316" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="7DD5C6B14393578D43E70822DAF92777" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in parentheses) in having a conspicuous light vertebral stripe (light vertebral stripe absent).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F4A03278991589D6E1832617E52F3324" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="2980E3ED7EBFF5D287269856FFFCFEC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87668A1F7914BC6E4D7C2B7EEBAE6DB6" lsidName="P. prefrontalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="prefrontalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="A2A568692D9A92C3CB23DD849C41B858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. prefrontalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF14C5C1F3AF738B4E2773FF62AFD42A" lsidName="P. dicrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dicrus">
|
|
<emphasis id="38D34BDB25A714AAC3F6628AC33523EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dicrus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97819D047FAF0A5F61021C30CF7486E2" lsidName="P. hillisi" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="hillisi">
|
|
<emphasis id="80675938E70AFEC1ED391DC6D95598AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. hillisi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B61086E961A16DC48D32ED8D2B1AECDF" lsidName="P. vertebralis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
|
<emphasis id="D29CE25ED7EBC5F4B936755EE3B09B8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. vertebralis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
further differ from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4AFE35B8AA7A133327F46EFCE95BE058" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="3E9990BFD8D60A96411C308DC066BA92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having prefrontal scales (prefrontal scales absent). Additionally,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="13B84FE72F33F4BCBA0E025B884C3059" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="6B8BD30BB21E371CF62ED5E6C8301D32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. has fewer dorsal scales (26-30) than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4E2AE607F971120486468F0A2925F757" lsidName="P. affinis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
|
<emphasis id="EBB067D7DA4203D7D3F8F6A658DB49B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. affinis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(45-55),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AD1125ADB124F63A30CC3971B1FE46CF" lsidName="P. montium" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="montium">
|
|
<emphasis id="806B854B15475FB19381E6F8C8D09F8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. montium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(35-50),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DD51C9597F2AC31707B3A791F894A7DF" lsidName="P. prefrontalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="prefrontalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="CF571DCA6D243DE05F796345439206A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. prefrontalis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(37-46),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1C40C566E8EF40D36C5F52867608F0DC" lsidName="P. macbrydei" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="macbrydei">
|
|
<emphasis id="085BC19A031CC8A9896FA2760F4253C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. macbrydei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(31-43), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5F00B1EF25137320DDF9651703A6EFF2" lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCB69D943A267910C0035545BB1FE1FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (35-40).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8ACA71BC6909332724E0A73F20A26AB8" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="271716C7BA48939D46151285B70BE0D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be further distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E459628AFB74E7F1F1BF6B440DAF2D2" lsidName="P. fascinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fascinatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="24AA8327CD018A0DAAF9B06AD40CD7C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. fascinatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by having widened medial scales on collar, and from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ABD40010791FAB27ADCBCC73A49F0F80" lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
|
|
<emphasis id="1F2E7F3492A6C20F83AA0AD42DCBDE89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. by having fewer temporals (7-9 and 4-5, respectively), fewer ventrals (18-20 and 25-27), and fewer gulars (14-16 and 22-23).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A80860A690C44101A4FAB69CFD190A86" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="04ED3DBB02FAF082439E4F4C396C3C43" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Characterization.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4CD0B8A7F1D925A49D905ABF243F382C" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">(1) Two (rarely three) supraoculars, anteriormost larger than posterior one; (2) prefrontals absent; (3) femoral pores absent; (4) four opaque lower eyelid scales; (5) scales on dorsal surface of neck striated or smooth, progressively striated from forelimbs to tail; (6) two rows of lateral granules at midbody; (7) 27-31 dorsal scales between occipital and posterior margin of hindlimb; (8) lateral body fold present; (9) keeled ventrolateral scales on each side absent; (10) dorsum dark brown with a narrow, pale brown stripe; (11) labial stripe white; (12) flanks of body dark brown or gray; (13) hemipenial body cylindrical with distinctive capitular groove.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="F8AE192AC548A6884BC794783630DF52" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="844D46171985BCA35EC421D8D373910B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F66425C37A5C354E9441736703B23C70" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Adult male (QCAZ 15844) (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="03DA19A1333613B75B4C79EACE5E2441" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="87C1C43204DCF08F277AE723F88A9B0D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437427" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">10</figureCitation>
|
|
); SVL 42.7 mm; TL 74.8 mm; dorsal and lateral head scales juxtaposed, finely wrinkled; rostral hexagonal, 1.67 times as wide as high; frontonasal quadrangular, slightly bigger than frontal, laterally in contact with nasal, loreal and first superciliary; prefrontal scales absent; frontal pentagonal, longer than wide, wider anteriorly, in contact with first superciliary and supraocular; frontoparietals hexagonal, longer than wide, slightly wider in the middle, each in contact laterally with supraocular II; interparietal octagonal, with a short medial suture posteriorly, lateral borders nearly parallel to each other; parietals larger than interparietal, hexagonal and positioned anterolaterally to interparietal, each in contact laterally with supraocular II and dorsalmost postocular; postparietals three, medial scale smaller than lateral ones; eight supralabials, fourth one longest and below center of eye; six infralabials, fourth one below center of eye; temporals enlarged, irregularly hexagonal, smooth; two large and smooth supratemporals; nasal shield slightly divided above nostril, irregularly pentagonal, longer than high, in contact with rostral anteriorly, first and second supralabials ventrally, frontonasal dorsally, loreal posterodorsally and frenocular posteroventrally; nostril on ventral aspect of nasal, directed laterally; loreal quadrangular, slightly wider dorsally, not in contact with supralabials; frenocular higher than long, in contact with nasal; nasal separating loreal from supralabials; two supraoculars, anteriormost one the widest; four elongate superciliaries, anteriormost enlarged, in contact with loreal; palpebral disc divided into five pigmented scales; four suboculars, anteriormost three elongated and homogeneous in size, posteriormost widest; two postoculars, the dorsalmost wider than the other; ear opening vertically oval, without denticulate margins; tympanum recessed into a shallow auditory meatus; mental wider than long; postmental pentagonal, slightly wider than long, followed posteriorly by three pairs of genials, the anterior two pairs in contact medially and the third pair separated by postgenials; all genials in contact with infralabials; gulars imbricate, smooth, widened in two longitudinal rows; posterior row of gulars (collar) with nine scales, the medial three slightly widened.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E9DE43AA0C0E90DB3820A12CBF7E1EBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Nuchal scales slightly smaller than dorsals, except for the anteriormost that are widened; scales on sides of neck small and granular; dorsal scales elongate, imbricate, arranged in transverse rows; scales on dorsal surface of neck striated, becoming progressively keeled from forelimbs to tail; dorsal scales between occipital and posterior margin of hindlimbs 27; dorsal scale rows in a transverse line at midbody 27; one longitudinal row of smooth, enlarged ventrolateral scales on each side; dorsals separated from ventrals by two rows of small scales at the level of 13th row of ventrals; lateral body fold between fore and hindlimbs present; ventrals smooth, wider than long, arranged in 20 transverse rows between collar fold and preanals; six ventral scales in a transverse row at midbody; subcaudals smooth; axillary region with granular scales; scales on dorsal surface of forelimb striated, imbricate; scales on ventral surface of forelimb granular; two thick, smooth thenar scales; supradigitals (left/right) 3/3 on finger I, 6/6 on II, 8/8 on III, 9/9 on IV, 6/6 on V; supradigitals 3/3 on toe I, 6/6 on II, 9/9 on III, 12/12 on IV, 7/7 on V; subdigital lamellae of finger I, II, III, and V single, on finger IV few scales in the middle paired; subdigital lamellae 6/6 on finger I, 11/11 on II, 15/15 on III, 17/16 on IV, 10/10 on V; subdigital lamellae on toes I and II single, on toes III, IV and V paired, except for two or three distalmost subdigitals; subdigital lamellae 7/6 on toe I, 12/12 on II, 15/16 on III, 22/22 on IV, 12/12 on V; groin region with small, juxtaposed scales; scales on dorsal surface of hindlimbs striated and imbricate; scales on ventral surface of hindlimbs smooth; scales on posterior surface of hindlimbs granular; femoral pores absent; preanal pores absent; cloacal plate paired, bordered by four scales anteriorly, of which the two medialmost are enlarged.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B5C52EFEA65932A2E4CEA6D3919443CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Additional measurements (mm) and proportions of the holotype: HL 11.0; HW 6.6; ShL 5.8; AGD 20.4; TL/SVL 1.7; HL/SVL 0.3; HW/SVL 0.2; ShL/SVL 0.1; AGD/SVL 0.5.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="14E5EE48ACC36B83B4716267B510D1DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="color of holotype in life">
|
|
<paragraph id="16167A99EE3C3A5600D9CFD543084C73" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Color of holotype in life.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AD752CB86DE51A64AC94EA0EDA8FE3EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Dorsal background from head to base of tail dark brown, with a golden brown vertebral stripe extending from occiput to tail; greenish cream dorsolateral stripes on head, becoming light brown on posterior part of body; white longitudinal stripe extending from first supralabial to shoulder; sides of neck, flanks and limbs dark brown; chocolate brown narrow stripe extending from tympanum to arm insertion; ventrolateral region of body grayish brown; throat reddish cream; chest, belly, base of tail and lateral region of tail bright orange, with brown marks in some scales; ventral surface of hind limbs with orange diffuse marks (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1F9F056D8BA37BE67D468B0EF6AD7426" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9B,C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="1BAFC53EE78902CB00FF4903DFE1C75A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="color of holotype in preservative">
|
|
<paragraph id="1F6F3CD8831651FA8130E268C838CD00" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Color of holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E1B47A7B5D51F6916A437A14BF28D5ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Dorsal background uniformly dark brown with a grayish brown middorsal stripe extending from occiput onto tail; dorsolateral stripe distinct, pale gray, extending from snout to near base of tail; head brown dorsally (rostral, frontonasal, frontal, frontoparietals and supraoculars) and dark brown laterally; white longitudinal stripe extending from first supralabial to forelimb; lateral aspect of neck dark brown with a dorsolateral light brown stripe extending posteriorly along flanks to hindlimbs; flanks grayish brown; tail dark brown dorsally and bronze laterally; ventral surface of head gray, with dirty cream genials and scattered black marks; chest, belly and ventral surface of tail light gray with light red spots; ventral surface of limbs dark gray (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="66DCDC1F892D3BCABAFA3B8DD0CC2FF2" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437426" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">9A</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="13C9993B87E34D9E830DFF2DD22DACA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="variation">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BEE0A52830D154034B62CD1129FB805" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Variations.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="673FCFB4DCBAA80191266B3A687EA577" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Measurements and scale counts of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="112A9336B561A59AD67E6DC24F218C09" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="D50DFC236DD0F6454404A14BD5BEC1E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are presented in Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="1BC0106A06EACF8DDBB6534E6A0AD97E" captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Summary of morphological characters and measurements (mm) of Pholidobolus samek sp. nov., P. condor sp. nov., P. dolichoderes sp. nov., and P. fascinatus sp. nov. Range (first line) and mean + / - standard deviation (second line) are presented." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" tableUuid="F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562">6</tableCitation>
|
|
. Supraoculars three on left side in specimen QCAZ 16789; supralabials six in QCAZ 16789 and 16790, and seven in QCAZ 16788; two quadrangular frontonasals in QCAZ 16788; transverse rows of ventral scales between collar fold and preanals 18 in QCAZ 16788 and 19 in QCAZ 16790. Hatchlings with eight (QCAZ 16788-89) or six (QCAZ 16790) posterior gular (collar) scales. Unlike the adult male, hatchlings lack reddish color on tail.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" ID-Table-UUID="F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F2BE6C78BE5E63E86D7D8CD3AF95A562" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
|
|
<paragraph id="A9C2298D1BAAB62121B13CDA46C08830" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis id="E6214C3ABD28AF0E55A4DBA7F5B601F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Table 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Summary of morphological characters and measurements (mm) of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="900D1C31045C8D94873328886BE386D4" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samek">
|
|
<emphasis id="B6D2AEB6A7FED81058098432C0B55CC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus samek</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DEA0CDCE09EFD38F587482B1F33B50AF" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="DFBF9D832B5BDD6F38187CB604030EB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="94C379F8E396A41F897661CBFB53A64C" lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
|
|
<emphasis id="91F556F1EBBC40775B872344073B8B0B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C3FBC851CA269001E57EFCAD1D94C9EA" lsidName="P. fascinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fascinatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="202848AC36E9501F5AFC1079016916AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. fascinatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. Range (first line) and mean
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0065FACA4C52FE8A2961912635393295" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
standard deviation (second line) are presented.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="DA9F50DAB958A97A0192B0B2D11DC55D" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<table id="EEA03CB6F5F141D684C9B358A844FE4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<tr id="7DF5B8204EB29FD6A637015AA5E71F94" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<th id="468AF80262D41CBA6744F296492F7461" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
|
<th id="1770046BB5AB4863033D44BE018A7A97" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02B215C019AFA65A7E2ED38F114511BC" lsidName="P. samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="samek">
|
|
<emphasis id="8C858167966DDA4214314B6EEF86FA02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. samek</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. N = 7 (adults = 3)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="541E7ABE2EEBA8E7460517606B7B242C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="92F41FBCE579920B5613939C4EC3EA29" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="4E987057D1B85F680B1F85DEAB334A9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. N = 4 (adults = 1)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="DE0DBF8810A2F2A4CEF01640F6C0C600" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB25013F6BD2ECBA200874B9E3B1E530" lsidName="P. dolichoderes" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="dolichoderes">
|
|
<emphasis id="663E647D967F86CD4BA03453782FD013" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. dolichoderes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. N = 5 (adults = 3)
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th id="36366F6C368DE7CA751131ED5A53BCCF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="11E9634ED9D91F492ACE9C1F3D3934A0" lsidName="P. fascinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="fascinatus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E8D67B4FE6EC6A592DA0843AD39FAF32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. fascinatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. N = 27 (adults = 4)
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="1F3D9293C62528671D18621DB6517B77" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="B1398410BCA8A567FFB1ED6D41AF784D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales along margin of upper jaw</td>
|
|
<td id="82B7E1B8C09BB0BBFF56FA13970538AF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
7-10 (9.14
|
|
<normalizedToken id="7263F9CD79E05FAC57741ADBC25D1452" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.07)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="AC1FBF4293620DDB24AC5AF5110C36E5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
8-9 (8.75
|
|
<normalizedToken id="CE7D42C5C2A1C2D28DFB69ED04584834" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.5)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="726E99173706BD3254E4489B9859D459" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
9-11 (10.2
|
|
<normalizedToken id="4B50496FFF48C848559241F03692EA28" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.84)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="00C437E3544FBAA1037FB23720270869" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
7-10 (8.36
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0057D9310CB8013EF677740D45347DAC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.91)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="96C9E57FB52A0404FAF1C088B3E7A5F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="EEEB2DF689E19B87DE3A85CE901A2D15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales along margin of lower jaw</td>
|
|
<td id="2FDC5272D9AE36BF59FF3569CF39AF88" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
8-9 (8.25
|
|
<normalizedToken id="680B9F77F3F669107CE2E598868F9B4A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.5)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="14CEA75C3197B0C297C844E5C9ADC7B1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
5-10 (7.14
|
|
<normalizedToken id="ED94B77BE3536B72CD93369D75D1B4CE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
2.67)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="184C51F95EAE22B66A5A878166130343" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
10-11 (10.2
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9874B060B0723374700DE5ECBEBA31D1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.45)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="55C03D45C320BB90D655AC733D576BF9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
4-10 (7.4
|
|
<normalizedToken id="20A5F9BA2D12C4A5303737666056FF67" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.58)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="85F2A8F09FA90D050E9C877EA46409E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="F31868987D5C88DDB827329E63645457" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Gulars</td>
|
|
<td id="814AC4C8BDD557274D3266D420E2871A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
15-18 (16.71
|
|
<normalizedToken id="B6123E0932AA8CBE7D4B30A4AB066F1A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.11)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="F05FF2483A42830AC40A615E4D3CBBF3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
14-16 (15
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8E6CF5B7EB55B198784AB730644AEA81" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.82)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="4C9E3FB9C3DAB92631DC49DFA93D786B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
22-23 (22.8
|
|
<normalizedToken id="DCB5689388995C6EF8643AE7691F920D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.48)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="1BBB6CA54AAE77C4FE37554E58CC1A15" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
14-17 (15.72
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2E1A66EC4AF5A895680C5E4ABDEA56F4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.89)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="33FD186769EF9E556041D0A8D1022C51" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="53A8DA9C1B0EBEE94AC0D5B3D71D3BDE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Ventrals in transverse row at midbody</td>
|
|
<td id="7EEA62005B5971A9A079AB68341D2DE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
19-21 (20
|
|
<normalizedToken id="47D73EB97758A92E41A4BDC619348139" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.82)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="E2F0E9EBA1F42F898685BAB6B702794D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
18-20 (19
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8A55D47599E22E8E1EF44E3D9CB1DC4F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.15)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="7CE071CB1E53E69FEEA38FBF9DF9E275" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
25-27 (25.8
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8DBF529C3F8D914FC2E0CA679E6BF5C7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.84)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="0BE6654ED9928FF7FFA696D084F082A7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
21-25 (22.96
|
|
<normalizedToken id="24A295F322A8CE4941104DB619F4F311" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.21)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="E589CF29FF568BB6D67D23988653F5EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="1BEAC398C50F6DF03681D87150FF831F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Dorsals from occiput to base of tail</td>
|
|
<td id="05C36B10A0C4338223FDB2C694A0F31E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
27-29 (27.71
|
|
<normalizedToken id="31745803A03FABE86B768AF09FFA843C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.76)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="A028F8C6C2C98BD21029D8D24C0695E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
26-30 (27.75
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C40D1C6C2ED576A1F9EC03A360B06339" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.71)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="7269E3F30FFC014D31F4C4571B26A4BB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
35-40 (36.8
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C462110C79131F7B7456451B3BDAA015" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
2.05)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="94A5EE052C784FEEE36E8D022CE0CA82" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
32-37 (34.64
|
|
<normalizedToken id="081D640EB1462CDFC3FB768A9772B428" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.19)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="39DADB2380CE26505FADE496BAAD1C4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="A68A45AD8636E2E60962CE22AED4357C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Temporals</td>
|
|
<td id="CD49A0A410539C80769A38C49FD97BF0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
4-5 (4.14
|
|
<normalizedToken id="10D50E57ACE3FB3C750D73851C2DF732" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.38)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="E2B65029BD67EA25DA5B6DD9BA23CA64" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
4-5 (4.25
|
|
<normalizedToken id="D90AB3FB595340201D85450B5D6A9AD9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.5)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="1AD0BA6F302A6BEB08FDB1850B2EDFCA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
7-9 (8
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0628079E25C79FDC12D60AADE03CC215" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.70)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="699056DD388C0B66408C8BFB07B5FC27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
3-5 (3.44
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8E3010F50FE36AD394184C9CEB9FA369" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.65)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="91460C339B1D47B01294F0FE14AA0483" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="0122A1F9B8F2A655490CE26250ED60BC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales around midbody</td>
|
|
<td id="06DBA482F4218F82645339ACDC11876D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
25-32 (27.71
|
|
<normalizedToken id="5FC7D1C51B7044FBD2AB3EA70A1AE5FC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
2.75)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="9E73DE454F4C71425C74FBFC5CA6D521" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
27-30 (28
|
|
<normalizedToken id="E3D2080F1F658F4FCF7DB3762B4392F9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.41)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="BB73747270C102C6A419FAEB96D5DD91" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
31-33 (32.2
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3FE6375DFCFCE81CD7605E87E1F605C4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.84)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3F2BC7DBE42DE5E207F28C0E7A48DEAC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
28-34 (30.96
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1916B64587A9FC7485328ABA52363EE0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.79)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="EFCC76B82FEDB245E969D0332CA35E8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="AC733ED81569AB2A7FEB5AA93C0E46B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Scales around tail</td>
|
|
<td id="CA640B331E26FD6C402C08085397003B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
14-16 (15
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3709389F9F1A323694BA9A7B0002DEAA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.81)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="00232B0769546942451B7B5881672D93" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
14-20 (17.86
|
|
<normalizedToken id="CF4C32103EA067677D6B7DC5D69DD631" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
2.73)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="83228BE9881AA8259A76079C5D11A049" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
18-19 (18.6
|
|
<normalizedToken id="714A77D28FA120DBC093C99D6E088DDA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.55)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="052AD37318ECB4809539C2FB227E11E2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
18-22 (20.32
|
|
<normalizedToken id="8374BBEA5EFE0761128D43BBCAB1DA96" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.18)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="0EC6607BBC975645FA4A202C2430F87F" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="CC428EFAF1E3FC819024B1D8CDE9892F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Lower eyelid scales</td>
|
|
<td id="C31A150E5EEBF989DC68AB08CEEE9AF4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
4-5 (4.14
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0262D72DAF817FEF0AFC847891A09BD4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.38)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="0DE0F2C9118FAC553A8D46E6E973A6E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
|
<td id="ACEC39A54AA5FF2B2D1C815752E4930F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
4-6 (4.8
|
|
<normalizedToken id="BB0F5AC885C3808ED438C845F19C457F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.84)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="3273E3D979BEE8B6C72C714387184EB0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
4-6 (5.04
|
|
<normalizedToken id="89768D2B741F80F16663293C500BEAA5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.61)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="90C50EEF29B94A0C50122488EEAF885B" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="19D9304EC0699962CF7214E7BF17EEF0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Gular (collar) scales</td>
|
|
<td id="CF67458E1E0A4669042B2C7B08FC8030" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
6-8 (7.14
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3D2AC989DFA48B0436D140851E8F96A4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.9)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="FB2895DE5B53AA7C64C5D77F002F60D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
6-9 (7.75
|
|
<normalizedToken id="A5AE34517111FCDDE8C19EAF1CADE3F3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.26)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="A71454CA1F56A4342C5DD06126339B2E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
6-8 (6.4
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F0B6DA51A75B82CF788CA138AEE9C8DE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.89)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="F5AA5A1D4886B306233D2A8A2704EA98" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
9-12 (10.28
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F4889B670B3F2D9F8EC7EACDE33483DF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.73)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="8A912DC0EE8984F1C6909F45E5CC6B91" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="2C2CD9C414B86D70AEE647A36D9AA10C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Head length in adults</td>
|
|
<td id="86F14FFFBF702A30997FBD593842C152" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
9.9-11.4 (10.76
|
|
<normalizedToken id="3923B4E815DB4E0B25022B1730936A51" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.77)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="8389B3E88090AF3A448413F98406A59B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">11</td>
|
|
<td id="F124849BF9D3719962A63AE83EB00924" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
9.7-10.6 (10.05
|
|
<normalizedToken id="92F55B2F7667EC1E6A16F218FE5B1DBA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.46)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="5D77762B45D3CCA846DD20096335FD7E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
8.9-12.3 (10.22
|
|
<normalizedToken id="EA3594FB05664618E041025F857154E8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.80)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="D44BC4B7B2F1AB8C8D275A02850E9B3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="E8A1EEDCBD6F958EF18A387FAADDFF5E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">Head width in adults</td>
|
|
<td id="D9CB107EC0659954BABED7E4881296FC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
6.5-7.4 (6.93
|
|
<normalizedToken id="5A33767F5E08BFD1036FF4A4AC57F78D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.48)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="DEFC8A0A6775582D9A423D549B949435" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
|
|
<td id="A42C3B9485649FF0A7B38F01B7B82854" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
6.2-6.3 (6.26
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2C2CED5CC88710E0626D06961506C42C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
0.05)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="CB645E8F95EA972429B63419FE01C894" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
6.6-9.2 (7.58
|
|
<normalizedToken id="517889DFDAAF4CF6F9F79DD5B1E01976" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
1.45)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr id="D5B4F3F5DB6D7C6D32D106D567695422" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<td id="2F7DD010BB835F77B4E8CA7C88406B32" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">SVL in adults</td>
|
|
<td id="3BCA8853B75306D89261C6595CCFA83F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
41.6-49.3 (45.89
|
|
<normalizedToken id="E9241537F5F29730CCD55F82DD2BC568" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
3.89)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="22D9EAE91F486BA86005BDFC925DB5D4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">42.7</td>
|
|
<td id="D81F32DD6BACD0C0FF2C7E3AEE3E6C75" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
41.1-50.6 (45.75
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0D4E4F9094A6EE522871BBC91CE8EDD6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
4.74)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td id="445EDF16F61280E5F3CFDDD52AFB3D87" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rowspan="1">
|
|
42.6-52.5 (47.3
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9CC1E4302A4A8527C19E745272FB3F24" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
|
4.98)
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C097ED7EA9ACAC4F5E7F5FB7E1D43145" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="16F43F0C22F6B34BCE789C1FDD1BA730" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="0EF51493A15768F5B42D353F7E2BD97E" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59545D10E22252A765A111B97DBD7BA9" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="2275E7851F8E7E391916631DB805DD70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
occurs in Cordillera del
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F5C77D0F350A8788D983F38457EF8F5E" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
|
|
in southeastern Ecuador at elevations between 1994-2226 m. The new species is known from El Quimi Biological Reserve in Morona Santiago province (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="47DE6DC02FD7D61040EED2838155AB6F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution of samples of the " Pholidobolus macbrydei " species complex included in phylogenetic analyses. Circles correspond to four new species described in this paper: P. samek sp. nov. (red), P. condor sp. nov. (blue), P. dolichoderes sp. nov. (brown), and P. fascinatus sp. nov. (green). Triangles are " Pholidobolus macbrydei " clades as illustrated in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1): A (green) B (white) C (red) D (blue) E (black) F (turquoise). Orange diamond corresponds to type locality of P. macbrydei. This map was created in QGIS v 3.10." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437424" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">7</figureCitation>
|
|
). The holotype was found active at 21h14 at the base of a bromeliad on a sandstone plateau of shrub vegetation (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="40265622289141362AD0B83A827261FF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitat of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. at El Quimi Biological Reserve, Ecuador. Photographs by Alvaro Perez." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437429" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">11</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="612F8750E94E2DF42EEADDF8C7209451" doi="10.3897/zookeys.954.50667.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/437429" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
|
<paragraph id="22637FE354721628FA9AC7111D05F0A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<emphasis id="66CC8190E267A25D378B34B1AAE7A266" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitat of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F128F421A7CB425CC6D2F7877760CC1" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="45A4DF93FD5AB80DBCBC0F9C9755968A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. at El Quimi Biological Reserve, Ecuador. Photographs by
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9F18E28400C201B5E6DE41FE44D60CF7" originalValue="Álvaro">Alvaro</normalizedToken>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="AC653F058645DD09D3FF06C1FEFEE1DD" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="44EA1FB5E8CEC8B418F0DD115CC20D95" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
Several eggs were found within a bromeliad, suggesting that females of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="054FC228BC978E241A2354ECFFD80DC1" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="7ABDB494C593B1BE8C9165646D519742" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
lay their eggs in communal nests. Four eggs that were found on the ground at the base of bromeliads and under a trunk were incubated in sphagnum and perlite in captivity for approximately three months. On average, hatchlings weighted 0.4 g and were 23.7 mm in SVL.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="39B781DDD354A663BED584B33E3F1AB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph id="4D85D8109317313675D4169AEE5CF19A" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CF3C0EE63346AB8AE7149AB3E4379F93" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F82B66D9244AC6E257B97E3FD9ACF3C4" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="2149D38117D0EC3A2AC507C90B8A4F96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is only known from Cordillera del
|
|
<normalizedToken id="43E3F20FC3AE8A35BE4F45D6AE90ECA4" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
|
|
in southeastern Ecuador. This area is currently threatened by mining activities (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2BD91BFE3C075E04107E7C1C900DF070" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="97 - 124" refId="B33" refString="Ron, SR, Caminer, MA, Varela-Jaramillo, A, Almeida-Reinoso, D, 2018. A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus). ZooKeys 809: 97 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" title="A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" volume="809" year="2018">Ron et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="51688AE500946A68F6E3666D4B8DEBCF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" author="Valencia, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="447 - 466" refId="B46" refString="Valencia, JH, Duenas, MR, Szekely, P, Batallas, D, Pulluquitin, F, Ron, SR, 2017. A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region. Zootaxa 4353: 447 - 466, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" title="A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" volume="4353" year="2017">Valencia et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2ABBAAD52506936B7F1E193199B4C6BC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.009" author="Van Teijlingen, K" journalOrPublisher="Extractive Industries and Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="902 - 911" refId="B47" refString="Van Teijlingen, K, 2016. The 'will to improve' at the mining frontier: Neo-extractivism, development and governmentality in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Extractive Industries and Society 3: 902 - 911, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.009" title="The ' will to improve' at the mining frontier: Neo-extractivism, development and governmentality in the Ecuadorian Amazon." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2016.10.009" volume="3" year="2016">Van Teijlingen 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Habitat destruction and fragmentation is evident at a distance of ~11 km from the collection sites (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A0C34667299292791145318B0FCE8D42" author="Mazabanda, C" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" publicationUrl="https://maaproject.org/mirador-ecuador" refId="B20" refString="Mazabanda, C, Kemper, R, Thieme, A, Hettler, B, Finer, M, 2018. Impacts of Mining Project "Mirador" in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Monitoring Andean Amazon Project (MAAP). https://maaproject.org/mirador-ecuador" title="Impacts of Mining Project " Mirador " in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Monitoring Andean Amazon Project (MAAP)." url="https://maaproject.org/mirador-ecuador" year="2018">Mazabanda et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Because of the small known distribution and habitat disturbance, we suggest assigning
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7839E3E915829473428ED0B5B2212881" lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="0A433F24C5F99BE3EE11E03721694747" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">P. condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the Critically Endangered category under criteria B1a, b(iii); C1; D, according to
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8C4E5A71B74B50965E3968B32C758CD1" author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B10" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, iv + 32 pp." year="2012">IUCN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
guidelines.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="30360A44EC3B03D2E3FFB82B3CB4F071" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="42D1921E6FA8A006AC74BEE61BFBF811" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="403C3C150CCA719A2DDD05BB30F774EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
The specific epithet
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D81349B4595E469DA4F4750AB35DC4B4" lsidName="condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" rank="species" species="condor">
|
|
<emphasis id="09B019CEC2D955AC52B335B8891092E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">condor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
refers to Cordillera del
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0AD1D8B1E4ECFE8E482D80842743D2F6" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
|
|
, where the new species was discovered. The Cordillera del
|
|
<normalizedToken id="66F1955595EE1F12FA77714DB0BE3997" originalValue="Cóndor">Condor</normalizedToken>
|
|
is an eastern outlier of the main Andean chain, where a significant number of species have been discovered in the last decade (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0FE87288AA20993BB56E5D38102BE955" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292755" author="Brito, JM" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" refId="B2" refString="Brito, JM, Tinoco, N, Chavez, D, Moreno-Cardenas, P, Batallas, D, Ojala-Barbour, R, 2017. New species of arboreal rat of the genus Rhipidomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3:1, 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292755" title="New species of arboreal rat of the genus Rhipidomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Neotropical Biodiversity 3: 1, 65 - 79." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/23766808.2017.1292755" year="2017">Brito et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6D269A3D8B174F417E777641FC9D21E4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.6" author="Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="79 - 85" refId="B8" refString="Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Neill, D, 2018. Vochysia condorensis (Vochysiaceae), a new species from the Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador. Phytotaxa 340 (1): 79 - 85, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.6" title="Vochysia condorensis (Vochysiaceae), a new species from the Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.1.6" volume="340" year="2018">Huamantupa-Chuquimaco and Neill 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="04F56F4265A4532D2E173F3E07C54F7D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="97 - 124" refId="B33" refString="Ron, SR, Caminer, MA, Varela-Jaramillo, A, Almeida-Reinoso, D, 2018. A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus). ZooKeys 809: 97 - 124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" title="A new treefrog from Cordillera del Condor with comments on the biogeographic affinity between Cordillera del Condor and the Guianan Tepuis (Anura, Hylidae, Hyloscirtus)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.809.25207" volume="809" year="2018">Ron et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CCBD0D3BDCFF2EB2A2636ACC539FE477" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.27.273" author="Torres-Carvajal, O" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="59 - 71" refId="B39" refString="Torres-Carvajal, O, de Queiroz, K, Etheridge, R, 2009. A new species of iguanid lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from southern Ecuador with a key to eastern Ecuadorian Enyalioides. Zookeys 27: 59 - 71, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.27.273" title="A new species of iguanid lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from southern Ecuador with a key to eastern Ecuadorian Enyalioides." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.27.273" volume="27" year="2009">Torres-Carvajal et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="CD452F9F53C7BC959E2458BCD2BBE316" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" author="Valencia, JH" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" pagination="447 - 466" refId="B46" refString="Valencia, JH, Duenas, MR, Szekely, P, Batallas, D, Pulluquitin, F, Ron, SR, 2017. A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region. Zootaxa 4353: 447 - 466, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" title="A new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Terrarana: Craugastoridae) from Cordillera del Condor, Ecuador, with comments on threats to the anuran fauna in the region." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.3" volume="4353" year="2017">Valencia et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3080E982B976ACB8C0E5F86E258B0AF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="2EC3D4282F7F261BE671BDF06EE8A7B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AC8A803B94D14DD2423A0A763695FDB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">
|
|
See remarks on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9B7A2C96EC18E7211F9A6C54FD16F77" authorityName="Parra & Nunes & Torres-Carvajal" authorityYear="2020" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pholidobolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pholidobolus samek" pageId="0" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="samek">
|
|
<emphasis id="728AC8D7787D9F29E7522FF0C6C38A5E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="109">Pholidobolus samek</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. above.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |