531 lines
63 KiB
XML
531 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="8697B8C3252943630A924F63EEB666BA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171153" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459718880902" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="O’Hara, James E." docDate="2005" docId="7E6C879C33009458FE97FA922278FE14" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00938.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 938" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Madremyia saundersii Williston 1889" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="8255FFE4331B9445FF9FFF972675FFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698208646016" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="23B2EFB4D6EAEB49A62BC3F6ACC71232">
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<mods:title id="FF8017F4524718D502240EDC79F01097">A review of the tachinid parasitoids (Diptera: Tachinidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with keys to adults and puparia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="321C44E4E069CF870B1BC9D70BDA0EF0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6CB8CFC577C910E38016B45F1C3FE286">O’Hara, James E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FFCFBD334347346BA37AD453C613AB19">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3635F9A5B5992B8713FDFE4B16E9D37D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="22FD38F14B5DC38B280D4762C3EB5F1C">
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<mods:date id="F127B74A20E72F395EC06BC1014C2D31">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="400177DC15BFAB36D6A74C161C33E64C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="30E8B7A1725D11D63BDBCFF94B459F66">938</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8CCD22BB266546334F3BEE3C9F5260BF">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="913156BFF0D66B9D574F4C859FD62FE4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8E596F2D379A71A7BD09098BBAB0C3AC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1ECFD874654E604FF5445828341DBE40" type="GBIF-Dataset">33181367-eefc-4e3a-90f2-ca6390420139</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="813CBBC5464097B457029275B97AE1CA" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9673BB93B60B1B4732CA3A7A5F147455" type="Zenodo-Dep">171153</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7E6C879C33009458FE97FA922278FE14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6265516" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6265516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E6C879C33009458FE97FA922278FE14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E6C879C33009458FE97FA922278FE14" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="BEDF65013300945EFE97FA92255AFA4A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97FA922525FADD" blockId="27.[264,848,1285,1311]" box="[264,848,1285,1311]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
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<heading id="AD3281E63300945EFE97FA922525FADD" bold="true" box="[264,848,1285,1311]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97FA922525FADD" bold="true" box="[264,848,1285,1311]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE97FA92249BFADD" ID-CoL="735DZ" authority="Williston, 1889" authorityName="Williston" authorityYear="1889" box="[264,750,1285,1311]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97FA922462FADD" bold="true" box="[264,535,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Madremyia saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFDB9FA922493FADD" author="Williston" box="[550,742,1285,1311]" pageId="27" pageNumber="46" refString="Williston, S. W. (1889) The dipterous parasites of North American butterflies. In: Scudder, S. H., The butterflies of the eastern United States and Canada with special reference to New England. Published by the author, Cambridge. Vol. 3, pp. 1912 - 1924 + pl. 89." type="journal article" year="1889">Williston, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EFE2A0F3300945EFD63FA922525FADD" box="[764,848,1285,1311]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43" captionStartId="32.[264,382,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[294,1308,329,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[264,1323,315,1778]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 48. 43. Habitus images. Hemisturmia parva. 44. Hyphantrophaga virilis. 45. Lypha fumipennis. 46. Madremyia saundersii. 47. Nemorilla pyste. 48. Nilea erecta." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171161/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97FAC7255AFA4A" blockId="27.[264,1323,1360,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97FAC727B7FAAA" bold="true" box="[264,450,1360,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE55FAC725E7FAAA" authority="Prentice 1955" authorityName="Prentice" authorityYear="1955" box="[458,914,1360,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conflictana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE55FAC72482FAAA" bold="true" box="[458,759,1360,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE55FAC7249BFAAA" bold="true" box="[458,750,1360,1384]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura conflictana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFD61FAC625E7FAAA" author="Prentice" box="[766,914,1361,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="44" refString="Prentice, R. M. (1955) The life history and some aspects of the ecology of the large aspen tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana (Wlkr.) (n. comb.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist, 87, 461 - 473." type="journal article" year="1955">Prentice 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SK, MB); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFBBFFAC622DAFAAA" author="Arnaud" box="[1056,1199,1361,1384]" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(SK, MB); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFEDCFAE62475FA4A" author="Huber" box="[323,512,1393,1416]" pageId="27" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE10FAE627B0FA4A" box="[399,453,1393,1416]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3300945EFD91FAE62419FA4A" box="[526,620,1393,1416]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3300945EFD51FAE62551FA4A" box="[718,804,1393,1416]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF650133009459FE97FA0727C3FDD1" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97FA072703FA2A" blockId="27.[264,1323,1360,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97FA07248FFA6A" bold="true" box="[264,762,1424,1448]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE53FA07248FFA6A" authority="Dowden et al. 1951" authorityName="Dowden et al." authorityYear="1951" box="[460,762,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE53FA072484FA6A" bold="true" box="[460,753,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFC9CFA0625A8FA6A" author="Dowden" box="[771,989,1425,1448]" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article" year="1951">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFCF9FA0625EBFA6A" box="[870,926,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1951
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFB8CFA062297FA6A" box="[1043,1250,1425,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFB8CFA062297FA6A" box="[1043,1250,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NY);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFEA7FA2627CDFA0A" author="Miller" box="[312,440,1457,1480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="43" refString="Miller, C. A. (1955) A technique for assessing spruce budworm larval mortality caused by parasites. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 33, 5 - 17." type="journal article" year="1955">Miller 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NB);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFD98FA26240EFA0A" author="Blais" box="[519,635,1457,1480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(QC); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFD4AFA262522FA0A" author="Miller" box="[725,855,1457,1480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="43" refString="Miller, C. A. (1963) Parasites and the spruce budworm. In: Morris, R. F. (Ed.), The dynamics of epidemic spruce budworm populations. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 31, 228 - 244 + figs. 34.1 - 34.7." type="journal article" year="1963">Miller 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NB);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFC39FA26226EFA0A" author="Blais" box="[934,1051,1457,1480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1965) Parasite studies in two residual spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem. )) outbreaks in Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 97, 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1965">Blais 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(QC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFBF5FA26235FFA0A" author="Huber" box="[1130,1322,1457,1480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFB29FA262298FA0A" box="[1206,1261,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NB).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97FA6722AAF98A" blockId="27.[264,1323,1360,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97FA6722F3F9CA" bold="true" box="[264,1158,1520,1544]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE51FA672481F9CA" box="[462,756,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE51FA672481F9CA" bold="true" box="[462,756,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFCCDFA6722F3F9CA" authority="Dowden et al. 1948" authorityName="Dowden et al." authorityYear="1948" box="[850,1158,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFCCDFA672208F9CA" bold="true" box="[850,1149,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFB10FA662705F9EA" author="Dowden" pageId="27" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFB6CFA66235EF9CA" box="[1267,1323,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE37F986240CF9EA" box="[424,633,1553,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE37F986240CF9EA" box="[424,633,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Archips fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3300945EFD4CF9862541F9EA" box="[723,820,1553,1576]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFCCBF986259CF9EA" author="Arnaud" box="[852,1001,1553,1576]" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFBBFF98622CDF9EA" box="[1056,1208,1553,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFBBFF98622CDF9EA" box="[1056,1208,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC, OR, QC, NB, NY); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFE7AF9A6240EF98A" author="Zwolfer" box="[485,635,1585,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="46" refString="Zwolfer, H. (1961) A comparative analysis of the parasite complexes of the European fir budworm, Choristoneura murinana (Hub.) and the North American spruce budworm, C. fumiferana (Clem.). Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin, 1, 162 pp." type="book" year="1961">Zwolfer 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFD3BF9A62510F98A" box="[676,869,1585,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phryxe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFD3BF9A62510F98A" box="[676,869,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Phryxe saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFC0DF9A62253F98A" box="[914,1062,1585,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFC0DF9A62253F98A" box="[914,1062,1585,1608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3300945EFBE5F9A622ADF98A" box="[1146,1240,1585,1608]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97F9C72264F94A" blockId="27.[264,1323,1360,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97F9C7270BF94A" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE52F9C72487F9AA" box="[461,754,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE52F9C72487F9AA" bold="true" box="[461,754,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFC9DF9C72258F9AA" box="[770,1069,1616,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFC9DF9C72258F9AA" bold="true" box="[770,1069,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFB14F9C72701F94A" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFB14F9C72701F94A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFE08F9E62479F94A" author="Ross" box="[407,524,1649,1672]" pageId="27" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex. spruce and/or jack pine budworm (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A3300945EFC2FF9E62273F94A" box="[944,1030,1649,1672]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97F9072705F92A" blockId="27.[264,1323,1360,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97F90727CAF96A" bold="true" box="[264,447,1680,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE5AF90725D3F96A" authority="McKnight 1974" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1974" box="[453,934,1680,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE5AF9072482F96A" bold="true" box="[453,759,1680,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE5AF907249BF96A" bold="true" box="[453,750,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFD62F90625D3F96A" author="McKnight" box="[765,934,1681,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="43" refString="McKnight, M. E. (1974) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm in Colorado. Environmental Entomology, 3, 186 - 187." type="journal article" year="1974">McKnight 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CO);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFC6EF906229DF96A" author="Harris" box="[1009,1256,1681,1704]" pageId="27" pageNumber="42" refString="Harris, J. W. E. & Dawson, A. F. (1979) Parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in British Columbia 1977 - 78. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 76, 30 - 38." type="journal article" year="1979">Harris & Dawson 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFEA7F92627B0F90A" author="Schmid" box="[312,453,1713,1736]" pageId="27" pageNumber="45" refString="Schmid, J. M. (1981) Distribution of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) insect parasites in the crowns of host trees. Canadian Entomologist, 113, 1101 - 1106." type="journal article" year="1981">Schmid 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(NM);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFD89F9262488F90A" author="Torgersen" box="[534,765,1713,1736]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="27" pageNumber="45" refString="Torgersen, T. R., Campbell, R. W., Srivastava, N. & Beckwith, R. C. (1984) Role of parasites in the population dynamics of the western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Northwest. Environmental Entomology, 13, 568 - 573." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
Torgersen
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFD19F92624CEF90A" box="[646,699,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(WA, OR, ID, MT); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFC77F92622FAF90A" author="Torgersen" box="[1000,1167,1713,1736]" pageId="27" pageNumber="45" refString="Torgersen, T. R. (1985) Parasitoids and western budworm dynamics. In Sanders, C. J., Stark, R. W., Mullins, E. J. & Murphy, J. (Eds.), Recent advances in spruce budworms research. Proceedings of the CANUSA spruce budworms research symposium. Bangor, Maine, September 16 - 20, 1984. Canadian Forestry Service, Ottawa, pp. 104 - 105." type="journal article" year="1985">Torgersen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(WA, OR, ID, MT).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A3300945EFE97F96724D5F8AA" blockId="27.[264,1323,1360,1896]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE97F9672458F8CA" bold="true" box="[264,557,1776,1800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host records probably ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFDABF967258DF8CA" authority="Bedard 1938" authorityName="Bedard" authorityYear="1938" box="[564,1016,1776,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFDABF9672513F8CA" bold="true" box="[564,870,1776,1800]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFDABF9672528F8CA" bold="true" box="[564,861,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFCF3F966258DF8CA" author="Bedard" box="[876,1016,1777,1800]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="27" pageNumber="39" refString="Bedard, W. D. (1938) An annotated list of the insect fauna of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata rafinesque) in the northern Rocky Mountain region. Canadian Entomologist, 70, 188 - 197." type="journal article" year="1938">Bedard 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFBB6F966237CF8CA" box="[1065,1289,1777,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFBB6F966237CF8CA" box="[1065,1289,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cacoecia fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Douglas fir (“northern Rocky Mountain region”); Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFC38F88625ABF8EA" box="[935,990,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1949, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFBCEF8862293F8EA" box="[1105,1254,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFBCEF8862293F8EA" box="[1105,1254,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC); Coppel 1953, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE69F8A624FFF88A" box="[502,650,1841,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE69F8A624FFF88A" box="[502,650,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFD4BF8A625A3F88A" author="Carolin" box="[724,982,1841,1864]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFB98F8A622EEF88A" box="[1031,1179,1841,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFB98F8A622EEF88A" box="[1031,1179,1841,1864]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OR); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B3300945EFB6CF8A627E2F8AA" author="Coppel" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D093300945EFE57F8C62429F8AA" box="[456,604,1873,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA983300945EFE57F8C62429F8AA" box="[456,604,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33079459FE97FE8C27C7FE91" blockId="28.[264,1323,283,531]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE97FE8C220BFEF1" bold="true" box="[264,1150,283,308]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE4AFE8B2577FEF6" box="[469,770,284,308]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE4AFE8B2577FEF6" bold="true" box="[469,770,284,308]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FCFAFE8B220BFEF1" authority="Schaupp et al. 1991" authorityName="Schaupp et al." authorityYear="1991" box="[869,1150,283,308]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retiniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FCFAFE8B2200FEF6" bold="true" box="[869,1141,284,308]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura retiniana</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FB16FE8B2718FE91" author="Schaupp" pageId="28" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaupp, W. C. Jr., Volney, W. J. A. & Waters, W. E. (1991) Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1095 - 1102." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Schaupp
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB6FFE8B235EFEF1" box="[1264,1323,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(OR).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33079459FE97FECC27EFFE71" blockId="28.[264,1323,283,531]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE97FECC27B7FEB1" bold="true" box="[264,450,347,371]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Host records ex.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE55FECB250EFEB1" authority="Johnson 1925" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1925" box="[458,891,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE55FECB24A9FEB1" bold="true" box="[458,732,347,372]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE55FECB24A1FEB6" bold="true" box="[458,724,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura parallela</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FD7BFECB250EFEB1" author="Johnson" box="[740,891,348,371]" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" refString="Johnson, C. W. (1925) Fauna of New England. 15. List of the Diptera or two-winged flies. Occasional papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 7, 1 - 326." type="journal article" year="1925">Johnson 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FC31FECB2208FEB1" box="[942,1149,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FC31FECB2208FEB1" box="[942,1149,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cacoecia parallela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FB4FFECB2705FE51" author="Franklin" pageId="28" pageNumber="42" refString="Franklin, H. J. (1950) Cranberry insects in Massachusetts. Part V. Insects and other animals beneficial in cranberry growing. Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, 445, 55 - 76." type="journal article" year="1950">Franklin 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE3DFEEB2428FE51" box="[418,605,380,403]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Archips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parallela">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE3DFEEB2428FE51" box="[418,605,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Archips parallela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MA); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FD26FEEB253DFE51" author="Arnaud" box="[697,840,380,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MA); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC3AFEEB2217FE51" author="Huber" box="[933,1122,380,403]" pageId="28" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FC6EFEEB2252FE51" box="[1009,1063,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FBEEFEEB22BAFE51" box="[1137,1231,380,403]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FEA7FE0B27FBFE71" box="[312,398,412,435]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33079459FE97FE2C27C3FDD1" blockId="28.[264,1323,283,531]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE97FE2C24CDFE11" bold="true" box="[264,696,443,468]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Host records ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE55FE2B24CDFE11" authority="Kulman & Hodson 1961" authorityName="Kulman & Hodson" authorityYear="1961" box="[458,696,443,468]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE55FE2B24DAFE16" bold="true" box="[458,687,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura pinus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FD5FFE2B25BFFE11" author="Kulman" box="[704,970,444,467]" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" refString="Kulman, H. M. & Hodson, A. C. (1961) Parasites of the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus, with special reference to parasitism at particular stand locations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 54, 221 - 224." type="journal article" year="1961">Kulman & Hodson 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MN);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FB80FE2B235FFE11" author="Dixon" box="[1055,1322,444,467]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Dixon, J. C. & Benjamin, D. M. (1963) Natural control factors associated with the jack-pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 266 - 270." type="journal article" year="1963">Dixon & Benjamin 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(WI);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FEE5FE4B2459FE31" author="Allen" box="[378,556,476,499]" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" refString="Allen, D. C., Knight, F. B., Foltz, J. L. & Mattson, W. J. (1969) Influence of parasites on two populations of Choristoneura pinus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Michigan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 1469 - 1475." type="journal article" year="1969">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE23FE4B2784FE31" box="[444,497,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FDE2FE4B257EFE31" author="Arnaud" box="[637,779,476,499]" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(MN, WI, MI); †
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC5BFE4B22F5FE31" author="Huber" box="[964,1152,476,499]" pageId="28" pageNumber="42" refString="Huber, J. T., Eveleigh, E., Pollock, S. & McCarthy, P. (1996) The chalcidoid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in America north of Mexico. Canadian Entomologist, 128, 1167 - 1220." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Huber
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB8FFE4B2233FE31" box="[1040,1094,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FB12FE4B229EFE31" box="[1165,1259,476,499]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FECAFE6B27DEFDD1" box="[341,427,508,531]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BEDF650133079458FE97FDD22278FE14" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33079459FE97FDD2244BFCB5" blockId="28.[264,1324,581,1887]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE97FDD22464FD9C" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[264,529,581,606]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE97FDD22464FD9C" box="[264,529,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madremyia saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a common and widespread species ranging from the Yukon and British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FEFEFDFA27A0FD45" box="[353,469,621,647]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Newfoundland, and south to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FCC7FDFA25C7FD45" box="[856,946,621,647]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the West and Virginia in the East (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FECFFD02241BFD6D" author="O'Hara" box="[336,622,661,687]" pageId="28" pageNumber="44" refString="O'Hara, J. E. & Wood, D. M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, 410 pp." type="book" year="2004">O’Hara & Wood 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults are generally 4.0–7.5mm long and mostly dark coloured with faint silvery bands on the abdomen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FCFEFD2A221CFD14" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[865,1129,701,726]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FCFEFD2A221CFD14" box="[865,1129,701,726]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madremyia saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was included in a key to the puparia of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FCAAFD722595FD3C" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[821,992,741,766]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FCAAFD722595FD3C" box="[821,992,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FBF5FD72228DFD3D" author="Ross" box="[1130,1272,741,767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="44" refString="Ross, D. A. (1952) Key to the puparia of the dipterous parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. Canadian Entomologist, 84, 108 - 112." type="journal article" year="1952">Ross (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in a key to the adults of dipterous parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FCA0FC9A259AFCE4" ID-CoL="5YCYL" box="[831,1007,781,806]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FCA0FC9A259AFCE4" box="[831,1007,781,806]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FBBFFC9A22B1FCE4" box="[1056,1220,781,806]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FBBFFC9A22B1FCE4" box="[1056,1220,781,806]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FEACFCA227D2FC8D" box="[307,423,821,847]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FE4AFCA224F1FC8D" author="Coppel" box="[469,644,821,847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Coppel, H. C. (1960) Key to adults of dipterous parasites of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 94 - 97." type="journal article" year="1960">Coppel (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The egg, larval instars, and puparium were described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FE97FCCA244FFCB5" author="Coppel" box="[264,570,861,887]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel and Maw (1954b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33079459FEA7FC12221FFABD" blockId="28.[264,1324,581,1887]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FEA7FC1227CBFC5C" ID-CoL="5JZ6" box="[312,446,901,926]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FEA7FC1227CBFC5C" box="[312,446,901,926]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madremyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FD28FC122560FC5D" ID-CoL="87CT4" box="[695,789,901,927]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eryciini">Eryciini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FCE9FC122588FC5D" ID-CoL="87CHH" box="[886,1021,901,927]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Exoristinae">Exoristinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE97FC3A272EFC04" ID-CoL="6PD8" box="[264,347,941,966]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Phryxe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE97FC3A272EFC04" box="[264,347,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Phryxe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species of which is treated below. The biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FC4FFC3A2207FC04" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[976,1138,941,966]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FC4FFC3A2207FC04" box="[976,1138,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FE97FC422425FC2D" author="Coppel" box="[264,592,981,1007]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel and Maw (1954b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They observed that females deposit fully incubated eggs directly on the integument of a host. Soon after oviposition, the first instar exits from the end of the egg through the underside of the chorion and burrows into the host. Females generally lay 75–
|
||
<specimenCount id="E0C3FD0333079459FE45FBDA2470FBA5" box="[474,517,1101,1127]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="egg">100</specimenCount>
|
||
eggs during a lifetime of 20–60 days. Usually only one parasitoid emerges per host but multiparasitism also occurs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FCCEFBE2222DFB4C" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[849,1112,1141,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FCCEFBE2222DFB4C" box="[849,1112,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madremyia saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attacks late instar larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FEE7FB0A2456FB74" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[376,547,1181,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FEE7FB0A2456FB74" box="[376,547,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and emerges from the sixth instar or pupa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FB1DFB0A2733FB1D" author="Dowden" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article" year="1948">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB70FB0A235EFB74" box="[1263,1323,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1948
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FECDFB52242FFB1D" author="Coppel" box="[338,602,1221,1247]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel & Maw 1954b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FDF9FB52250AFB1D" author="Carolin" box="[614,895,1221,1247]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin & Coulter 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC14FB522226FB1D" author="Allen" box="[907,1107,1221,1247]" pageId="28" pageNumber="39" refString="Allen, D. C., Knight, F. B., Foltz, J. L. & Mattson, W. J. (1969) Influence of parasites on two populations of Choristoneura pinus (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Michigan. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 62, 1469 - 1475." type="journal article" year="1969">
|
||
Allen
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FC4CFB522278FB1C" box="[979,1037,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1969
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fully mature maggot falls to the ground and pupariates in the soil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC11FB7A22D6FAC5" author="Coppel" box="[910,1187,1261,1287]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel & Maw 1954b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A second generation is passed in an alternate host, and perhaps a third generation as well (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FB2BFA8227A8FA95" author="Schaffner" pageId="28" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaffner, J. V., Jr. & Griswold, C. L. (1934) Macrolepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern part of the United States. United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 188, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1934">Schaffner & Griswold 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FE74FAAA2488FA95" author="Coppel" box="[491,765,1341,1367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel & Maw 1954b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC8DFAAA2233FA95" author="Coppel" box="[786,1094,1341,1367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel and Maw (1954b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FA94FAAA27F7FABC" ID-CoL="735DZ" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FA94FAAA27F7FABC" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
passes the winter as a first or second instar in an alternate host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33079458FEA7FA1A2292FE9C" blockId="28.[264,1324,581,1887]" lastBlockId="29.[264,1323,284,470]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Parasitism of coniferfeeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FD2EFA1A2529FA64" ID-CoL="925CM" box="[689,860,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FD2EFA1A2529FA64" box="[689,860,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Choristoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FB9FFA1A22DFFA64" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[1024,1194,1421,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB9FFA1A22DFFA64" box="[1024,1194,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported as higher in western than eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FCD5FA2225C6FA0D" box="[842,947,1461,1487]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC20FA2222C9FA0D" box="[959,1212,1461,1487]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Buchanan, W. D. & Carolin, V. M. (1948) Natural-control factors affecting the spruce budworm. Journal of Economic Entomology, 41, 457 - 464." type="journal article">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FBB5FA222213FA0C" box="[1066,1126,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1948)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded emergence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE31FA4A2425FA34" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[430,592,1501,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE31FA4A2425FA34" box="[430,592,1501,1526]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from up to 6% of larvae and up to 14% of pupae in Colorado.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FE97F9922442F9DD" author="Coppel" box="[264,567,1541,1567]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Coppel, H. C. & Maw, M. G. (1954 b) Studies on dipterous parasites of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). IV. Madremyia saundersii (Will.) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 32, 314 - 323." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Coppel and Maw (1954b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported up to 7.5% parasitism in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FBB7F99222D5F9DD" box="[1064,1184,1541,1567]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In Oregon,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FE97F9BA242CF985" author="Carolin" box="[264,601,1581,1607]" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Carolin, V. M. & Coulter, W. K. (1959) The occurrence of insect parasites of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), in Oregon. Journal of Economic Entomology, 52, 550 - 555." type="journal article" year="1959">Carolin and Coulter (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported parasitism approaching 10% and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FBE8F9BA2723F9AD" pageId="28" pageNumber="45" refString="Schaupp, W. C. Jr., Volney, W. J. A. & Waters, W. E. (1991) Parasitoids of endemic and epidemic populations of Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman and Choristoneura retiniana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in southern Oregon. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1095 - 1102." type="journal article">
|
||
Schaupp
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB76F9BA235FF984" box="[1257,1322,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded parasitism as high as13%; in both these studies there was an increase in parasitism as budworm outbreaks progressed. Wilkes
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FCE2F9EA25CDF954" box="[893,952,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1949) ranked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FBF5F9EA237EF954" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[1130,1291,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FBF5F9EA237EF954" box="[1130,1291,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the twelfth most important parasitoid, and sixth most important dipterous parasitoid, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FA8FF93227E0F924" ID-CoL="5YCYL" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FA8FF93227E0F924" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FE4CF95A2409F924" box="[467,636,1741,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FE4CF95A2409F924" box="[467,636,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8ED2761A33079459FC8BF95A25F9F925" box="[788,908,1741,1767]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FC02F95A22DFF925" box="[925,1194,1741,1767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" refString="Dowden, P. B., Carolin, V. M. & Dirks, C. O. (1951) Natural control factors affecting the spruce budworm in the Adirondacks during 1946 - 1948. Journal of Economic Entomology, 43 (1950), 774 - 783." type="journal article">
|
||
Dowden
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB92F95A2238F924" box="[1037,1101,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1951)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FB71F95A2723F8CD" author="Blais" pageId="28" pageNumber="40" refString="Blais, J. R. (1960) Spruce budworm parasite investigations in the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe regions of Quebec. Canadian Entomologist, 92, 384 - 396." type="journal article" year="1960">Blais (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported very low parasitism of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FD7BF96225FDF8CC" box="[740,904,1781,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FD7BF96225FDF8CC" box="[740,904,1781,1806]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in New York and Québec, respectively. In northwestern Ontario,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FD0FF88A25A9F8F5" author="McGugan" box="[656,988,1821,1847]" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" refString="McGugan, B. M. & Blais, J. R. (1959) Spruce budworm parasite studies in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Entomologist, 91, 758 - 783." type="journal article" year="1959">McGugan and Blais (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not rear
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FB1AF88A235FF8F4" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[1157,1322,1821,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FB1AF88A235FF8F4" box="[1157,1322,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FED4F8D2279AF89C" box="[331,495,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FED4F8D2279AF89C" box="[331,495,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079459FDB1F8D224A4F89D" author="Nealis" box="[558,721,1861,1887]" pageId="28" pageNumber="43" refString="Nealis, V. G. (1991) Parasitism in sustained and collapsing populations of the jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Ontario, 1985 - 1987. Canadian Entomologist, 123, 1065 - 1076." type="journal article" year="1991">Nealis (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not rear it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933079459FC52F8D22245F89C" ID-CoL="5YCYW" box="[973,1072,1861,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Choristoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833079459FC52F8D22245F89C" box="[973,1072,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">C. pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33079458FBDDF8D22723FEF4" author="Tilles" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="45" refString="Tilles, D. A. & Woodley, N. E. (1984) Spruce budworm parasites in Maine: a reference manual for collection and identification of common species. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative State Research Service, Agriculture Handbook, 616, 35 pp." type="book" year="1984">Tilles and Woodley (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
excluded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE46FE8B240AFEF7" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[473,639,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FE46FE8B240AFEF7" box="[473,639,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from their treatment of spruce budworm parasitoids in Maine, presumably because of its rarity as a parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC31FED32224FE9F" box="[942,1105,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cacoecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferana">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FC31FED32224FE9F" box="[942,1105,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">C. fumiferana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that state.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F67A368A33069458FEA7FEFB2278FE14" blockId="29.[264,1323,284,470]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FEA7FEFB2436FE47" ID-CoL="735DZ" box="[312,579,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Madremyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saundersii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4B1EA9833069458FEA7FEFB2436FE47" box="[312,579,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Madremyia saundersii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad host range of over 30 known species, including members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE75FE032429FE6C" ID-CoL="DGC" box="[490,604,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Danaidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDEBFE03257BFE6C" ID-CoL="6247J" box="[628,782,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FCB8FE0325AEFE6C" ID-CoL="BSP" box="[807,987,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lasiocampidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FC6CFE0322E7FE6C" box="[1011,1170,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Lymantriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lymantriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FB35FE032350FE6C" ID-CoL="DD9" box="[1194,1317,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE97FE2B27DCFE14" ID-CoL="DGC" box="[264,425,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FE2BFE2B2462FE14" ID-CoL="625MK" box="[436,535,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pieridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FDBCFE2B24E0FE14" ID-CoL="FG2" box="[547,661,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31C54D0933069458FD4EFE2B227CFE14" ID-CoL="HBJ" authority="Arnaud 1978" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="1978" box="[721,1033,444,470]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Tortricidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92544B7B33069458FCFFFE2B2275FE14" author="Arnaud" box="[864,1024,444,470]" pageId="29" pageNumber="39" refString="Arnaud, P. H., Jr. (1978) A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp." type="book" year="1978">Arnaud 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |