528 lines
64 KiB
XML
528 lines
64 KiB
XML
<document id="F4084374A61C8934DBE9F3A3CB64DACA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4525389" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4525389" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612878786065" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Goodman, Steven M., Jenkins, Richard K. B. & Ratrimomanarivo, Fanja H." docDate="2005" docId="7E05356DFFC6FFACD484FB1C94A4F9FC" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.27.4.867-882.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 27 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Scotophilus borbonicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="872" masterDocId="823C4D15FFC2FFAAD415FFB09453FFF9" masterDocTitle="A review of the genus Scotophilus (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar, with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="882" masterPageNumber="867" pageNumber="871" updateTime="1698868935327" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="E53BC89DD562402E477C7895898EE498">A review of the genus Scotophilus (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="754BA1BF67898AFAEBF25A1BFF342BE2">Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7C88740E598E115114FE7027BE3DCF8">Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605 (USA) and WWF, B. P. 738, Antananarivo (101) (Madagascar) sgoodman @ fieldmuseum. org sgoodman @ wwf. mg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="87F220A5D18AF7AE88D353DE14058352" type="email">sgoodman@wwf.mg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CCF70ED54BE4940AFDED36DC32FC7EF2">Jenkins, Richard K. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F2DC6679A2DDBF9C28B829C85E22ED90">Conservation Madagascar, B. P. 5181, Antananarivo (101) (Madagascar) and School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB 24 2 TZ (United Kingdom) ramanavy @ wanadoo. mg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="46CF2DB6C86EDC3496CA6C5FEA040488">Ratrimomanarivo, Fanja H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4BC979D433DA7E2B89C609B9268F8844">Département de Biologie animale, Université d’Antananarivo, B. P. 906, Antananarivo (101) (Madagascar) and WWF, B. P. 738, Antananarivo (101) (Madagascar) etp @ wwf. mg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DEE6A5731E4BDD2C827BEBBB9944906" type="email">etp@wwf.mg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="40FEE117F977C29F8C576E193426CE49">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="45C5A6CC01BD06489F2C51085395BA2C">
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<mods:date id="DFE200550E9EB065C37C92E231BC6C66">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="662054D9A746B9A4EBF5B46F09C16354">27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B8A3142FBDD07005BD9E53D313DCC97B">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3898CF0B754CBDDDFCC623EEA97B157E">867</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0635667C47C226BE3A47CB751D574794">882</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5B3663295767C6E520764122E3BCCBA6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D5CDEA73E5ADAC80B23FD40C279B2B74" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4525389</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0D4160CE272C9F2B4BA8F2DFE768A1D3" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="75B0FB9D30AC9C47BFC75B6DC0AD77CE" type="Zenodo-Dep">4525389</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="BEB6D7F0FFC6FFAED484FB1C9635FB3C" box="[145,614,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F613847BFFC6FFAED484FB1C9635FB3C" blockId="4.[145,614,1196,1221]" box="[145,614,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">
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<heading id="AD5B3317FFC6FFAED484FB1C9635FB3C" box="[145,614,1196,1221]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED484FB1C9635FB3C" ID-CoL="8LJ6W" authority="(E. Geoffroy, 1803)" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[145,614,1196,1221]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
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<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED484FB1C95DBFB3C" box="[145,392,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Scotophilus borbonicus</emphasis>
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(É.
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<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED5A3FB1C960EFB3C" author="GEOFFROY E." box="[438,605,1196,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" refId="ref9548" refString="GEOFFROY E. 1803. - Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 272 p." type="book" year="1803">Geoffroy, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BEB6D7F0FFC6FFAED464FB56964BFADC" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F613847BFFC6FFAED464FB56964BFADC" blockId="4.[113,547,1254,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6BCA355FFC6FFAED464FB56964BFADC" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">
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<treatmentCitation id="770DA26AFFC6FFAED464FB56964CFB04" author="GEOFFROY E." box="[113,543,1254,1277]" page="55" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" year="1803">
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<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED464FB56964CFB04" ID-CoL="8LJ6W" authority="E. Geoffroy, 1803: 55" authorityName="E. Geoffroy" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1803" box="[113,543,1254,1277]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
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<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED464FB56956EFB04" box="[113,317,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Vespertilio borbonicus</emphasis>
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É.
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<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED54AFB56964CFB04" author="GEOFFROY E." box="[351,543,1254,1277]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" refId="ref9548" refString="GEOFFROY E. 1803. - Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 272 p." type="book" year="1803">Geoffroy, 1803: 55</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED464FABE9517FADC" ID-CoL="8LJ6W" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[113,324,1294,1317]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
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<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED464FABE9517FADC" box="[113,324,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Scotophilus borbonicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="770DA26AFFC6FFAED548FABE9647FADC" author="JENTINK F. A." box="[349,532,1294,1317]" page="184" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" year="1888">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED548FABE9647FADC" author="JENTINK F. A." box="[349,532,1294,1317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" refId="ref9733" refString="JENTINK F. A. 1888. - Museum d'Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Tome XII. Catalogue systematique des Mammiferes (rongeurs, insectivores, cheiropteres, edentes et marsupiaux). E. J. Brill, Leiden, 359 p." type="book" year="1888">Jentink 1888: 184</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="BEB6D7F0FFC6FFACD464FAFC94A4F9FC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="873" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F613847BFFC6FFAED464FAFC9486FA9D" blockId="4.[113,646,1356,1701]" box="[113,213,1356,1381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F613847BFFC6FFAED464FADC90DCFD7C" blockId="4.[113,646,1356,1701]" lastBlockId="4.[676,1210,204,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">
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||
This species was described by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED5D9FADC96D5FA7C" author="GEOFFROY E." box="[460,646,1388,1413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" refId="ref9548" refString="GEOFFROY E. 1803. - Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 272 p." type="book" year="1803">Geoffroy (1803)</bibRefCitation>
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||
from the “île de Bourbon” (
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||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC6FFAED5A4FA3C9665FA5C" box="[433,566,1420,1445]" name="Réunion" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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||
) based on two individuals sent to Paris by a M. Macé.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED464FA7C94BCFA1C" author="HILL J. E." box="[113,239,1484,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref9616" refString="HILL J. E. 1980. - The status of Vespertilio borbonicus E. Geoffroy, 1803 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 55: 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Hill (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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||
discusses the historical details of this material. The two specimens were apparently divided between the MNHN and the Musée des
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<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC6FFAED464F99C9483F9BC" box="[113,208,1580,1605]" name="Netherlands" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Pays-Bas</collectingCountry>
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||
in Leiden, which would be later called the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie. Neither of these specimens has been located in the MNHN, nor are they referred to by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED65EF93C96BDFF1C" author="RODE P." box="[587,750,204,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="227 - 252" refId="ref10118" refString="RODE P. 1941. - Catalogue des types de Mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Ordre des Chiropteres. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, 2 e serie, 13: 227 - 252." type="journal article" year="1941">Rode (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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||
in his catalogue of type specimens in that collection. However, one of the specimens was registered in the museum’s catalog (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED04CFEBC968DFEBC" author="MOUTOU F." pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref9972" refString="MOUTOU F. 1982. - Notes sur les chiropteres de l'ile de la Reunion. Mammalia 46: 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1982">Moutou 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
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||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED708FE9C905DFEBC" author="JENTINK F. A." box="[797,1038,300,325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" refId="ref9733" refString="JENTINK F. A. 1888. - Museum d'Histoire naturelle des Pays-Bas. Tome XII. Catalogue systematique des Mammiferes (rongeurs, insectivores, cheiropteres, edentes et marsupiaux). E. J. Brill, Leiden, 359 p." type="book" year="1888">Jentink’s (1888: 184</bibRefCitation>
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||
, entry c) catalogue of bats in the Leiden Museum it is mentioned under the heading
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<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED7DFFEDC9756FE5C" authority="Geoffroy" authorityName="Geoffroy" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
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||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED7DFFEDC90EAFE7C" box="[970,1209,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Scotophilus borbonicus</emphasis>
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Geoffroy
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</taxonomicName>
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, “Individu adulte monté, figuré dans la Mammalogie de Temminck, T. II, Pl. XLVII, fig. 7. Bourbon. Du voyage de M. Macé”. It is almost without question that this specimen (RMNH 28508) is one of the two animals É. Geoffroy used in the original description of this species, and, based on this logic,
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<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED029FDFC90EAFD9C" author="HILL J. E." box="[1084,1209,588,613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref9616" refString="HILL J. E. 1980. - The status of Vespertilio borbonicus E. Geoffroy, 1803 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 55: 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Hill (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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||
designated it as the
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<typeStatus id="29173AD9FFC6FFAED76DFDDC9789FD7C" box="[888,986,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED7EBFDDC90DBFD7C" box="[1022,1160,620,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
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||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED7EBFDDC9058FD7C" box="[1022,1035,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
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||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED00CFDDC90DBFD7C" box="[1049,1160,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">borbonicus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F613847BFFC6FFAED6B1FD3C97AAFA5C" blockId="4.[676,1210,204,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">
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||
After the inspection of collections and queries at numerous natural history museums, including the MNHN and Muséum d’Histoire naturelle of Saint-Denis (
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<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC6FFAED728FD5C9790FCFC" box="[829,963,748,773]" name="Réunion" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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||
), as well as literature citations (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED757FCBC97FCFCDC" author="HILL J. E." box="[834,943,780,805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref9616" refString="HILL J. E. 1980. - The status of Vespertilio borbonicus E. Geoffroy, 1803 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 55: 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Hill 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED7ACFCBC9007FCDC" author="MOUTOU F." box="[953,1108,780,805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref9972" refString="MOUTOU F. 1982. - Notes sur les chiropteres de l'ile de la Reunion. Mammalia 46: 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1982">Moutou 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED04AFCBC974BFCBC" author="ROBBINS C. B. & DE VREE F. & VAN CAKENBERGHE V." pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref10069" refString="ROBBINS C. B., DE VREE F. & VAN CAKENBERGHE V. 1985. - A systematic revision of the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, Tervuren 246: 51 - 84." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Robbins
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED6B1FC9C9683FCBC" box="[676,720,812,837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
), the
|
||
<typeStatus id="29173AD9FFC6FFAED74CFC9C97E8FCBC" box="[857,955,812,837]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
in the RMNH appears to be the only known extant specimen in the world of
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||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED71FFCDC97C4FC7C" box="[778,919,876,901]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
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||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED71FFCDC9744FC7C" box="[778,791,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED73DFCDC97C4FC7C" box="[808,919,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">borbonicus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from
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<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC6FFAED7CBFCDC9031FC7C" box="[990,1122,876,901]" name="Réunion" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
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. It is in very poor condition. The mounted skin has partially extended wings and associated membranes are brittle, partially broken, and the distal portions frayed. An incision made in the lower abdomen, presumably when it was prepared as a mounted skin, is only partially closed. Further, the pelage is foxed, but certain aspects of the original coloration can still be clearly discerned. The dorsum of the specimen is a reddish-brown and the ventrum a dull whitish (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BB2EB1C0FFC6FFAED03FFB1C90D7FB3C" box="[1066,1156,1196,1221]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[113,124,204,220]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Patterns of pelage coloration and forearm length in small species of African, western Indian Ocean, and Asian Scotophilus (Rosevear 1965; Kingdon 1974; Hill 1980; Robbins et al. 1985; Ingle & Heaney 1992; Bates & Harrison 1997; Taylor 2000; specimens in FMNH). The other two species of Scotophilus known from Madagascar, S. cf. borbonicus and S. robustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881, are also included. 1, lectotype (RMNH 28508) in very poor condition and precise coloration of specimen is difficult to discern; 2, there is considerable variation in the pelage coloration of this species, particularly the venter; 3, pelage coloration and measurements after Robbins (1984)." pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED6B1FB7C97CDFB1C" author="GEOFFROY E." box="[676,926,1228,1253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" refId="ref9548" refString="GEOFFROY E. 1803. - Catalogue des mammiferes du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 272 p." type="book" year="1803">Geoffroy’s (1803: 55)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original description it is noted, “pelage marron en dessus, blanchâtre en dessous”, which closely fits with our judgment of this specimen’s current coloration. The associat- ed skull is partially broken, with the cranium largely shattered – rendering it impossible to make numerous measurements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F613847BFFC6FFAFD6B1FA1C94E1FA5C" blockId="4.[676,1210,204,1701]" lastBlockId="5.[113,646,780,1701]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="872" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">
|
||
As mentioned earlier,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC6FFAED7B2FA1C9013FA3C" author="DORST J." box="[935,1088,1452,1477]" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" pagination="306 - 313" refId="ref9517" refString="DORST J. 1947. - Les chauves-souris de la faune malgache. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris, 2 e serie, 19: 306 - 313." type="journal article" year="1947">Dorst (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED757FA7C979CFA1C" box="[834,975,1484,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED757FA7C971CFA1C" box="[834,847,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED74BFA7C979CFA1C" box="[862,975,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC6FFAED7E9FA7C902DFA1C" box="[1020,1150,1484,1509]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, presumably based on the Grandidier material in the MNHN. Of the three small Malagasy
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC6FFAED6B1F99C9770F9BC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[676,803,1580,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="871" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC6FFAED6B1F99C9770F9BC" box="[676,803,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="871">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens in that collection, one (MNHN 1976.420) from Sarodrano has a distinctly reddish-brown dorsum and light-colored ventrum. This specimen was collected in 1868 and has been stored in alcohol over the intervening years, and thus it is not unexpected that the natural pelage coloration has become washed-out. Even given the poor condition of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="29173AD9FFC7FFAFD4B5FC3C955FFC5C" box="[160,268,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, these two specimens (RMNH 28508 and MNHN 1976.420) showed considerable resemblance in basic pelage coloration and comparable cranial and dental structures (
|
||
<tableCitation id="BB2EB1C0FFC7FFAFD46EFBBC94AAFBDC" box="[123,249,1036,1061]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStart-3="TABLE" captionStart-4="TABLE" captionStartId-0="5.[113,124,204,220]" captionStartId-1="9.[113,124,204,220]" captionStartId-2="12.[113,124,204,220]" captionStartId-3="13.[113,124,204,220]" captionStartId-4="14.[113,124,204,220]" captionText-0="TABLE 1. — Patterns of pelage coloration and forearm length in small species of African, western Indian Ocean, and Asian Scotophilus (Rosevear 1965; Kingdon 1974; Hill 1980; Robbins et al. 1985; Ingle & Heaney 1992; Bates & Harrison 1997; Taylor 2000; specimens in FMNH). The other two species of Scotophilus known from Madagascar, S. cf. borbonicus and S. robustus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881, are also included. 1, lectotype (RMNH 28508) in very poor condition and precise coloration of specimen is difficult to discern; 2, there is considerable variation in the pelage coloration of this species, particularly the venter; 3, pelage coloration and measurements after Robbins (1984)." captionText-1="TABLE 2. — External measurements (mm) and weights (g) of small Scotophilus species. Measurements followed by an asterisk were made by S. M. Goodman from dried or alcohol preserved specimens. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum-maximum, number of specimens. 1, measurements derived from Robbins (1984) and no standard deviations are available for his descriptive statistics." captionText-2="TABLE 3. — Cranial measurements (mm) of small Scotophilus species. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum-maximum, number of specimens. See Specimens and measurements section for explanation of acronyms. 1, measurements derived from Robbins (1984) and no standard deviations are available for his descriptive statistics." captionText-3="TABLE 4. — Dental measurements (mm) of small Scotophilus species. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum-maximum, number of specimens. See Specimens and measurements section for acronyms. 1, measurements derived from Robbins (1984) and no standard deviations are available for his descriptive statistics." captionText-4="TABLE 5. — Wing measurements (mm) of small Scotophilus species. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean ± standard deviation, minimum-maximum, number of specimens." pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Tables 1-5</tableCitation>
|
||
), and we are inclined to identify MNHN 1976.420 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD564FB9C9655FBBC" box="[369,518,1068,1093]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD564FB9C952DFBBC" box="[369,382,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD585FB9C9655FBBC" box="[400,518,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, until new material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC7FFAFD599FBFC9642FB9C" box="[396,529,1100,1125]" name="Réunion" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD62EFBFC9492FB7C" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD62EFBFC961BFB9C" box="[571,584,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD64FFBFC9492FB7C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncovered in museum collections or collected in the wild, final determination of MNHN 1976.420 will not be possible. At the present time we refer this specimen to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD609FB7C9493FAFC" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD609FB7C967AFB1C" box="[540,553,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD64FFB7C9493FAFC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The tragus of the MNHN specimen is rounded towards the apex and has a simple peduncle attachment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9798FEFFC7FFAFD56DFA9C95EFFABC" box="[376,444,1324,1349]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,708,724]" captionTargetBox="[130,1196,212,660]" captionTargetId="figure-1583@6.[113,1209,195,670]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Right ear and tragus of Scotophilus from Madagascar; A, holotype of S. tandrefana n. sp. (UADBA 46923); B, S. cf. borbonicus (MNHN 1976.420); C, paratype of S. tandrefana n. sp. (MNHN 1984.433). There is some variation in the sickle-shaped tragus of S. tandrefana n. sp., but the attachment peduncle of the tragus is a slightly complex structure, rather than a simple attachment stalk as in S. borbonicus (É. Geoffroy, 1803)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4525397/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<figureCitation id="6E9798FEFFC7FFAFD5EEFA9C960EFABC" box="[507,605,1324,1349]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[113,124,1666,1682]" captionTargetBox="[117,1206,219,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-32@7.[117,1206,219,1617]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. — Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of adult crania and mandible of Scotophilus cf. borbonicus (MNHN 1976.420; greatest skull length = 19.0 mm) from Sarodrano." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4525399/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
we have illustrated the skull and mandible of MNHN 1976.420 for future comparative purposes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A2D3D4F3FFC7FFAFD464FF7C95B9FEBF" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<paragraph id="F613847BFFC7FFAFD464FF7C95B9FEBF" blockId="5.[113,1209,203,326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
TABLE 1. — Patterns of pelage coloration and forearm length in small species of African, western Indian Ocean, and Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FF509487FF08" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[113,212,224,241]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FF509487FF08" box="[113,212,224,241]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD4F5FF519533FF08" author="ROSEVEAR D. R." box="[224,352,224,241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" refId="ref10157" refString="ROSEVEAR D. R. 1965. - The Bats of West Africa. The British Museum (Natural History), London, xvii + 418 p." type="book" year="1965">Rosevear 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD579FF5095B0FF0B" author="KINGDON J." box="[364,483,224,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" refId="ref9777" refString="KINGDON J. 1974. - East African Mammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. II, Part A (Insectivores and Bats). Academic Press, London, xi + 341 p." type="book" year="1974">Kingdon 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD5FAFF50966FFF0B" author="HILL J. E." box="[495,572,224,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" pagination="287 - 295" refId="ref9616" refString="HILL J. E. 1980. - The status of Vespertilio borbonicus E. Geoffroy, 1803 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zoologische Mededelingen 55: 287 - 295." type="journal article" year="1980">Hill 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD653FF5096BDFF08" author="ROBBINS C. B. & DE VREE F. & VAN CAKENBERGHE V." box="[582,750,224,241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref10069" refString="ROBBINS C. B., DE VREE F. & VAN CAKENBERGHE V. 1985. - A systematic revision of the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, Tervuren 246: 51 - 84." type="journal article" year="1985">
|
||
Robbins
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD686FF5196EBFF08" box="[659,696,224,241]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1985
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD6ECFF5097FDFF0B" author="INGLE N. R. & HEANEY L. R." box="[761,942,224,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref9697" refString="INGLE N. R. & HEANEY L. R. 1992. - A key to the bats of the Philippine Islands. Fieldiana: Zoology new series, 69: 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1992">Ingle & Heaney 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD7ADFF51902FFF0B" author="BATES P. J. J. & HARRISON D. L." box="[952,1148,224,242]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" refId="ref9445" refString="BATES P. J. J. & HARRISON D. L. 1997. - Bats of the Indian Subcontinent. Harrison Zoological Museum, Kent, England, xvi + 258 p." type="book" year="1997">Bates & Harrison 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD090FF5094CEFEFE" author="TAYLOR P. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="872" refId="ref10288" refString="TAYLOR P. J. 2000. - Bats of Southern Africa. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg, vii + 206 p." type="book" year="2000">Taylor 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; specimens in FMNH). The other two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD652FF4596FFFEFF" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[583,684,245,262]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD652FF4596FFFEFF" box="[583,684,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from Madagascar,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD780FF46907BFEFF" box="[917,1064,245,262]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD780FF4697F2FEFF" box="[917,929,246,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD7DCFF45907BFEFF" box="[969,1064,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD042FF469569FEE4" authority="A. Milne-Edwards, 1881" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1881" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD042FF469030FEFF" box="[1111,1123,246,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD07AFF4590EAFEFF" box="[1135,1209,245,262]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">robustus</emphasis>
|
||
A. Milne-Edwards, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are also included.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD5C8FEBB95B4FEE5" bold="true" box="[477,487,267,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">1</emphasis>
|
||
, lectotype (RMNH 28508) in very poor condition and precise coloration of specimen is difficult to discern;
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD505FE909549FEC8" bold="true" box="[272,282,288,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">2</emphasis>
|
||
, there is considerable variation in the pelage coloration of this species, particularly the venter;
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD039FE909065FEC8" bold="true" box="[1068,1078,288,305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">3</emphasis>
|
||
, pelage coloration and measurements after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD570FE8595B5FEBF" author="ROBBINS C." box="[357,486,309,326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" pagination="19 - 24" refId="ref10026" refString="ROBBINS C. [B.] 1984. - A new high forest species in the African bat genus Scotophilus (Vespertilionidae). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale, Sciences zoologiques, Tervuren 237: 19 - 24." type="journal article" year="1984">Robbins (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F613847BFFC7FFAFD464FEC597F4FD51" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<table id="84AC76DBFFC70055D464FEC590E5FD51" box="[113,1206,373,680]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FEC590E5FE70" box="[113,1206,373,393]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FEC59564FE70" box="[113,311,373,393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FEC59491FE70" bold="true" box="[113,194,373,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Species</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FEC5966AFE70" box="[355,569,373,393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD576FEC695E7FE70" bold="true" box="[355,436,374,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FEC59747FE70" box="[597,788,373,393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD640FEC696CBFE70" bold="true" box="[597,664,374,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Throat</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FEC597A5FE70" box="[823,1014,373,393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD722FEC697DEFE70" bold="true" box="[823,909,374,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Ventrum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFEC590E5FE70" box="[1050,1206,373,393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD00FFEC690E5FE70" bold="true" box="[1050,1206,374,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Forearm length</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FE1190E5FE41" box="[113,1206,417,440]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FE119564FE41" box="[113,311,417,440]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FE1494AEFE41" box="[113,253,420,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FE1494AEFE41" bold="true" box="[113,253,420,440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
S.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFE1494AEFE41" bold="true" box="[139,253,420,440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD4E8FE119555FE49" bold="true" box="[253,262,417,432]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FE11966AFE41" box="[355,569,417,440]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">reddish-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FE119747FE41" box="[597,788,417,440]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">whitish</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FE1197A5FE41" box="[823,1014,417,440]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">whitish</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFE1190E5FE41" box="[1050,1206,417,440]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">51-52 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FE0C90E5FE29" box="[113,1206,444,464]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FE0C9564FE29" box="[113,311,444,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FE0C948FFE29" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[113,220,444,464]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinganii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FE0C948FFE29" bold="true" box="[113,220,444,464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FE0C942CFE36" bold="true" box="[113,127,444,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFE0C948FFE29" bold="true" box="[139,220,444,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">dinganii</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FE0C966AFE29" box="[355,569,444,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">olive to</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FE0C9747FE29" box="[597,788,444,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">white to</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FE0C97A5FE29" box="[823,1014,444,464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">white to</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FE6490E5FE11" box="[113,1206,468,488]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FE64966AFE11" box="[355,569,468,488]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">grayish-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FE649747FE11" box="[597,788,468,488]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">yellowish-orange</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FE6497A5FE11" box="[823,1014,468,488]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">yellowish-orange</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFE6490E5FE11" box="[1050,1206,468,488]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">50-57 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FE5C90E5FDF9" box="[113,1206,492,512]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FE5C9564FDF9" box="[113,311,492,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FE5C9492FDF9" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[113,193,492,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FE5C9492FDF9" bold="true" box="[113,193,492,512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FE5C942CFE06" bold="true" box="[113,127,492,511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFE5C9492FDF9" bold="true" box="[139,193,492,512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">kuhlii</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FE5C966AFDF9" box="[355,569,492,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">chestnut-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FE5C9747FDF9" box="[597,788,492,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">pale brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FE5C97A5FDF9" box="[823,1014,492,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">pale brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFE5C90E5FDF9" box="[1050,1206,492,512]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">50-52 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FDB190E5FDE1" box="[113,1206,513,536]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FDB19564FDE1" box="[113,311,513,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FDB49550FDE1" baseAuthorityName="Koopman" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[113,259,516,536]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDB49550FDE1" bold="true" box="[113,259,516,536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDB4942CFDEE" bold="true" box="[113,127,516,535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFDB49550FDE1" bold="true" box="[139,259,516,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">leucogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD516FDB1955FFDE9" bold="true" box="[259,268,513,528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FDB1966AFDE1" box="[355,569,513,536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">light to medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FDB19747FDE1" box="[597,788,513,536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">white to dirty-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FDB197A5FDE1" box="[823,1014,513,536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">white to dirty brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFDB190E5FDE1" box="[1050,1206,513,536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">44-53 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FDA990E5FDC9" box="[113,1206,537,560]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FDA99564FDC9" box="[113,311,537,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FDAC9487FDC9" authorityName="Robbins" authorityYear="1984" box="[113,212,540,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nucella">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDAC9487FDC9" bold="true" box="[113,212,540,560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDAC942CFDD6" bold="true" box="[113,127,540,559]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFDAC9487FDC9" bold="true" box="[139,212,540,560]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">nucella</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD4C1FDA9948EFDD1" bold="true" box="[212,221,537,552]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FDA9966AFDC9" box="[355,569,537,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">dark brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FDA99747FDC9" box="[597,788,537,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FDA997A5FDC9" box="[823,1014,537,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFDA990E5FDC9" box="[1050,1206,537,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">50-53 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FD8490E5FDB1" box="[113,1206,564,584]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FD849564FDB1" box="[113,311,564,584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FD8494E3FDB1" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[113,176,564,584]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nux">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FD8494E3FDB1" bold="true" box="[113,176,564,584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FD84942CFDBE" bold="true" box="[113,127,564,583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFD8594E3FDB1" bold="true" box="[139,176,565,584]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">nux</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FD84966AFDB1" box="[355,569,564,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">dark brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FD849747FDB1" box="[597,788,564,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FD8497A5FDB1" box="[823,1014,564,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFD8490E5FDB1" box="[1050,1206,564,584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">53-58 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FDFC90E5FD99" box="[113,1206,588,608]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FDFC9564FD99" box="[113,311,588,608]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FDFC94B6FD99" authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1881" box="[113,229,588,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDFC94B6FD99" bold="true" box="[113,229,588,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDFC942CFDA6" bold="true" box="[113,127,588,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFDFC94B6FD99" bold="true" box="[139,229,588,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FDFC966AFD99" box="[355,569,588,608]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FDFC9747FD99" box="[597,788,588,608]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FDFC97A5FD99" box="[823,1014,588,608]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFDFC90E5FD99" box="[1050,1206,588,608]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">62-65 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FDD490E5FD81" box="[113,1206,612,632]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FDD49564FD81" box="[113,311,612,632]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDD49564FD81" bold="true" box="[113,311,612,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FDD494A8FD81" authority="Goodman & Jenkins & Ratrimomanarivo, 2005" authorityName="Goodman & Jenkins & Ratrimomanarivo" authorityYear="2005" box="[113,251,612,632]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandrefana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDD4942CFD8E" bold="true" box="[113,127,612,631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFDD494A8FD81" bold="true" box="[139,251,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">tandrefana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFEBE512FFC7FFAFD515FDD59564FD81" box="[256,311,613,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FDD4966AFD81" box="[355,569,612,632]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">dark brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FDD49747FD81" box="[597,788,612,632]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FDD497A5FD81" box="[823,1014,612,632]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">medium brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFDD490E5FD81" box="[1050,1206,612,632]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">44-47 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FDCC90E5FD69" box="[113,1206,636,656]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<th id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D464FDCC9564FD69" box="[113,311,636,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD464FDCC9494FD69" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[113,199,636,656]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDCC9494FD69" bold="true" box="[113,199,636,656]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD464FDCC942CFD76" bold="true" box="[113,127,636,655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD49EFDCC9494FD69" bold="true" box="[139,199,636,656]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D576FDCC966AFD69" box="[355,569,636,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">yellowish-brown</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FDCC9747FD69" box="[597,788,636,656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">white, grayish-white</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FDCC97A5FD69" box="[823,1014,636,656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">white, grayish-white</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D00FFDCC90E5FD69" box="[1050,1206,636,656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">44-53 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="489C8639FFC70055D464FD2590E5FD51" box="[113,1206,661,680]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D640FD259747FD51" box="[597,788,661,680]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">to yellowish</td>
|
||
<td id="0B4DEF45FFC70055D722FD2597A5FD51" box="[823,1014,661,680]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">to yellowish</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F613847BFFC7FFAFD464FA1C970FFA7C" blockId="5.[113,646,780,1701]" lastBlockId="5.[676,1209,780,1701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
One striking aspect of the history of moderate to small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD4A0FA7C957EFA1C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[181,301,1484,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD4A0FA7C957EFA1C" box="[181,301,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC7FFAFD5A7FA7C9666FA1C" box="[434,565,1484,1509]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
is that two different sea caves near the village of Sarodrano, presumably exactly at or close to where Grandidier collected his specimens, and the nearby village of Saint-Augustin have been extensively surveyed over the past few years by our field teams and no example of this genus has been found. While it is true that much of our capture work has been conducted at cave entrances, a site
|
||
<typeStatus id="29173AD9FFC7FFAFD770FCFC97C6FC9C" box="[869,917,844,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD78BFCFC904BFC9C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[926,1048,844,869]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD78BFCFC904BFC9C" box="[926,1048,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rarely use for their day-roosts, we have surveyed synanthropically-living bat species in the village of Saint- Augustin. Further, the late R. L. Peterson also captured bats in the sea caves of Sarodrano in 1967 and no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD752FC5C9795FBFC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[839,966,1004,1029]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD752FC5C9795FBFC" box="[839,966,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected. Even more exceptional is that amongst the two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD71DFB9C97D2FBBC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[776,897,1068,1093]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD71DFB9C97D2FBBC" box="[776,897,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
obtained by Grandidier in the Sarodrano region are two different species –
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD6B1FBDC9701FB7C" box="[676,850,1132,1157]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD6B1FBDC96E2FB7C" box="[676,689,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
. cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD6F6FBDC9701FB7C" box="[739,850,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a second species that is new to science and described below. Although the specimen labels indicate that these individuals were captured in caves, it is possible that they were obtained in the nearby village of Sarodrano, which would have been a series of thatched houses during the period of Grandidier’s visit, a construction style
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD767FAFC97B4FA9C" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[882,999,1356,1381]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD767FAFC97B4FA9C" box="[882,999,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frequently inhabit (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD6B8FADC9703FA7C" author="KINGDON J." box="[685,848,1388,1413]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" refId="ref9777" refString="KINGDON J. 1974. - East African Mammals. An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Vol. II, Part A (Insectivores and Bats). Academic Press, London, xi + 341 p." type="book" year="1974">Kingdon 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F613847BFFC7FFACD6B1FA3C94A4F9FC" blockId="5.[676,1209,780,1701]" lastBlockId="6.[113,646,876,1541]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="873" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">
|
||
Considerable work has been conducted over the past century of the bats of the Mascarene Islands, particularly
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC7FFAFD73BFA7C97E0FA1C" box="[814,947,1484,1509]" name="Réunion" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The reputed presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD6D4FA5C971EF9FC" box="[705,845,1516,1541]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD6D4FA5C969DF9FC" box="[705,718,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD6C8FA5C971EF9FC" box="[733,845,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC7FFAFD76CFA5C907DF9FC" box="[889,1070,1516,1541]" name="Mauritius Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Mauritius Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
is erroneous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD6B8F9BC97C7F9DC" author="CHEKE A. S. & DAHL J. F." box="[685,916,1548,1573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" pagination="205 - 238" refId="ref9480" refString="CHEKE A. S. & DAHL J. F. 1981. - The status of bats on western Indian Ocean islands, with special reference to Pteropus. Mammalia 45: 205 - 238." type="journal article" year="1981">Cheke & Dahl 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and there is no evidence of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC7FFAFD6C3F99C9719F9BC" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[726,842,1580,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="872" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD6C3F99C9719F9BC" box="[726,842,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Scotophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC7FFAFD7B6F99C9007F9BC" box="[931,1108,1580,1605]" name="Comoros" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">Comoro Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC7FFAFD070F99C974EF99C" author="LOUETTE M. & MEIRTE D. & JOCQUE R." pageId="5" pageNumber="872" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref9907" refString="LOUETTE M., MEIRTE D. & JOCQUE R. (eds) 2004. - La faune terrestre de l'archipel des Comores. Studies in Afrotropical Zoology 293: 1 - 456." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Louette
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC7FFAFD6B1F9FC9687F99C" box="[676,724,1612,1637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="872">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Given that members of this genus are often associated with man-made shelters and are relatively easy to catch, the absence of any s u b s e q u e n t r e c o r d s o f
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD584FCDC95CDFC7C" box="[401,414,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD5A7FCDC9667FC7C" box="[434,564,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">b o r b o n i c u s</emphasis>
|
||
o n L a
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC4FFACD464FC3C9483FC5C" box="[113,208,908,933]" name="Réunion" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
is rather notable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC4FFACD58EFC3C962DFC5C" author="CHEKE A. S. & DAHL J. F." box="[411,638,908,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" pagination="205 - 238" refId="ref9480" refString="CHEKE A. S. & DAHL J. F. 1981. - The status of bats on western Indian Ocean islands, with special reference to Pteropus. Mammalia 45: 205 - 238." type="journal article" year="1981">Cheke & Dahl 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC4FFACD464FC1C9548FC3C" author="MOUTOU F." box="[113,283,940,965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref9972" refString="MOUTOU F. 1982. - Notes sur les chiropteres de l'ile de la Reunion. Mammalia 46: 35 - 50." type="journal article" year="1982">Moutou 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This would imply that this species is exceptionally rare, difficult to capture, part of an extralimital migratory population, or even extinct. Given that currently available material is insufficient to properly diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC4FFACD664FB9C94B1FB9C" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD664FB9C962DFBBC" box="[625,638,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD464FBFC94B1FB9C" box="[113,226,1100,1125]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the possibility cannot be completely eliminated that the provenance of the two Macé specimens is incorrect or that these captured individuals were vagrants to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC4FFACD5A6FB1C9669FB3C" box="[435,570,1196,1221]" name="Réunion" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It has been suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC4FFACD545FB7C9593FB1C" box="[336,448,1228,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD545FB7C9593FB1C" box="[336,448,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be conspecific with African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC4FFACD557FB5C95E7FAFC" baseAuthorityName="Koopman" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[322,436,1260,1285]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD557FB5C95E7FAFC" box="[322,436,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">leucogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hill
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD5EBFB5C9647FAFC" box="[510,532,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC4FFACD60BFB5C94A1FADC" author="CHEKE A. S. & DAHL J. F." pageId="6" pageNumber="873" pagination="205 - 238" refId="ref9480" refString="CHEKE A. S. & DAHL J. F. 1981. - The status of bats on western Indian Ocean islands, with special reference to Pteropus. Mammalia 45: 205 - 238." type="journal article" year="1981">Cheke & Dahl 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The same point might hold for MNHN
|
||
<quantity id="3154299EFFC4FFACD4C0FA9C950EFABC" box="[213,349,1324,1349]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0201068" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" unit="in" value="1976.42">1976.420 in</quantity>
|
||
that it may not be a representative of a resident population on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC4FFACD464FADC9557FA7C" box="[113,260,1388,1413]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In a recent action plan for microchiropteran bats,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="923DF98AFFC4FFACD567FA3C9606FA5C" author="HUTSON A. M. & MICKLEBURGH S. P. & RACEY P. A." box="[370,597,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" refId="ref9648" refString="HUTSON A. M., MICKLEBURGH S. P. & RACEY P. A. 2001. - Microchiropteran Bats: Global Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN / SSC Chiroptera Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland; Cambridge, x + 258 p." type="book" year="2001">
|
||
Hutson
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD5DBFA3C95A9FA5C" box="[462,506,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
list- ed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31ACFFF8FFC4FFACD487FA1C954DFA3C" box="[146,286,1452,1477]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="873" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD487FA1C94CCFA3C" box="[146,159,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C4D85869FFC4FFACD4BBFA1C954DFA3C" box="[174,286,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">borbonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as occurring on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC4FFACD5C0FA1C9604FA3C" box="[469,599,1452,1477]" name="Réunion" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">La Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8EBBC4EBFFC4FFACD464FA7C94AAFA1C" box="[113,249,1484,1509]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="873">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and considered it to be critically endangered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |