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<mods:title id="9541F59FB9DEA718A89C95A6011F8F51">A novel taxon of the genus Ischaemum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae: Ischaeminae) from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA6C9FF66C038FEB2" bold="true" box="[136,351,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Ischaemum sunilii</emphasis>
Jabeena, Nithya, K.M.P. Kumar &amp; Maya
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4469 (
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isotypes: 
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<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA6C9FE15C06CFE20" bold="true" box="[136,267,391,413]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
The new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF9C185EA7EEFE1AC339FE20" authorityName="Jabeena, Nithya, K. M. P. Kumar &amp; Maya" authorityYear="2022" box="[431,606,392,413]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sunilii">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA7EEFE1AC339FE20" box="[431,606,392,413]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Ischaemum sunilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF9C185EA53EFE1AC553FE20" authorityName="Fischer A. Habit. B. Culm" authorityYear="1933" box="[895,1076,392,413]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rangacharianum">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA53EFE1AC553FE20" box="[895,1076,392,413]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">I. rangacharianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="136EBFA8FF9C185EA200FE1AC51DFE20" box="[1089,1146,392,414]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1960,1982]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,190,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[190,1398,190,1935]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Ischaemum rangacharianum Fischer A. Habit. B. Culm at nodal region C. Ligule D.–G. Parts of sessile floret D.–E. Lower glume D.Abaxial surface E.Adaxial surface. F. Upper glume G. Upper lemma. H.–M. Parts of pedicelled floret. H. Lower glume. I. Upper glume. J. Lower lemma K. Lower palea L. Upper lemma M. Upper palea N. Stamen. O. Pistil P. Caryopsis (Photos: Nithya M. &amp; Jabeena M.K.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966029/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) in its distinctly petiolate lower leaves, round or cordate based upper leaves and lower glume of pedicelled spikelet broadly winged on one margin, but differs in having sparsely villous node (vs. glabrous), short stout raceme with prominently inflated and bulbous pilose peduncle (vs. slender, non-inflated and glabrous), inflated joints of pedicel (vs. non-inflated), smooth lower glume of sessile spikelets, rarely with 2–3 interconnected nodules and keeled margins (vs. nodulated lower glume with winged margin), upper glume with acuminate apex (vs. acute apex), lower glume of pedicelled spikelets without nodules (vs. with 2–3 nodules on one margin) and oblong-elliptic caryopsis (vs. narrowly oblong). The delineation of the taxon is given in 
<tableCitation id="C6D79696FF9C185EA559FDF2C207FDC8" box="[792,864,608,630]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[137,229,1138,1162]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Taxonomic delineation of Ischaemum sunilii sp. nov. from I. rangacharianum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2AF3A5FF98185AA6C8FBE0C50DFB34" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" tableUuid="DF2AF3A5FF98185AA6C8FBE0C50DFB34">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FF0A6FF9C185EA6C9FD36C503F883" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF9C185EA6C9FD36C503F883" blockId="1.[136,1452,676,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA6C9FD36C05FFD03" bold="true" box="[136,312,676,702]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Description:—</emphasis>
Annuals. Culms decumbent, upto 
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tall; nodes sparsely villous. Leaves all along the culm, lower ones gradually tapering into a 
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long pseudopetiole, upper ones rounded or cordate at base and sessile; sheath 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF9C185EA3CEFD5AC1D8FCBA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2– 7 cm</quantity>
long, keeled on the back, bulbous based hairy; ligule 
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long, keeled on both sides, retuse or wavy at apex, bulbous based hairy abaxially; blade 2–9 × 
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, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, margins wavy on one side, acute at apex, bulbous based hairy. Inflorescence terminal, long exerted; racemes two, 
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long, paired, adpressed together and appears as solitary, purplish-red, sparsely hairy; peduncle prominently inflated towards apex and bulbous pilose; joints of rachis 
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long, turbinate, trigonous, ciliate on outer angle, minutely tuberculate, crustaceous, inflated. Sessile spikelet 7.5–8 × 
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, oblong, awned; callus 
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long, inflated, hairy. Lower glume 7–7.5 × 
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, oblong, rarely constricted at the middle, crustaceous and tuberculate in the lower two third and coriaceous in the upper one-third
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generally smooth without nodules or rarely with 3–4 interconnecting side nodules below the middle, glabrous or sparsely hairy towards the retuse apex, 13–15 nerved, margins keeled and ciliate in the upper half, usually not winged rarely narrowly winged on margins above one third, the wings scaberulous. Upper glume 7–7.5 × 
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(when folded), boat- shaped, oblong-lanceolate when spread, sub-coriaceous, keeled on the back with scabrous keel, acuminate at apex, minutely tuberculate on abaxial surface, margins hyaline and ciliate along the upper half, 7-nerved. Lower florets male and upper florets bisexual. Lower lemma 6.7–7.2 × 
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, elliptic-lanceolate, acute at apex, hyaline, 3-nerved, glabrous. Lower palea 6.6–7 × 
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, oblong-elliptic, margins infolded, obtuse at apex, hyaline, 2-keeled, 2-nerved, glabrous. Upper lemma 5.9–6.3 × 
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, oblong, cleft upto two-third with acute lobes, glabrous, hyaline, 3-veined and awned from the sinus; awn 
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long with a column 
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long. Upper palea 5–6 × 
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, linear-oblong, obtuse at apex, glabrous, hyaline, 2-veined. Pedicelled spikelet 
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long, oblong-elliptic, acute at apex, shortly awned or awn less; pedicel 
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long or upto 
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long at the base of the raceme, turbinate, trigonous, crustaceous, inflated, ciliate on dorsal angles and at the apex. Lower glume 6.7–7 × 
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, slightly oblique, oblong-elliptic, glabrous or sparsely hairy towards apex, minutely tuberculate, nonnodulated, broadly winged on one margin and narrowly winged on the other margin towards apex or wingless, apex shortly clefted, 9–11-nerved. Upper glume 6.7–7 × ca. 
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(when folded), boat-shaped, oblong-lanceolate when spread, keeled along upper half and rounded along the lower half, acuminate at apex, densely tuberculate abaxially, margins ciliate in the upper half, otherwise glabrous, sub-coriaceous 5–7-nerved. Lower florets male and upper florets bisexual. Lower lemma 6.3–6.5 × 
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, lanceolate, acute at apex, hyaline, 3-nervedmargins ciliate towards upper half. Lower palea 6.1–6.3 × 
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, lanceolate, acute at apex, margins infolded, hyaline, 2-keeled, 2-nerved, nerves scabrid. Upper lemma 5–5.2 × 
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, oblong, deeply cleft to one third below at apex with obtuse to acute lobes, margins sparsely ciliate, 3-veined and awned from the sinus, hyaline; awn 
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long. Upper palea 
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long, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at apex, 2-nerved, 2-keeled, hyaline. Lodicules 2, 
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long. Stamens 3; anthers 
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long, oblong, yellow. Ovary sub-globose, 
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long, glabrous; style 
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long, glabrous; stigma 
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long, feathery, purple. Caryopsis 2.5–3 × 
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, oblong-elliptic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FF0A6FF9C185EA6FCF8DAC339F8DF" box="[189,606,1864,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF9C185EA6FCF8DAC339F8DF" blockId="1.[136,1452,676,1998]" box="[189,606,1864,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA6FCF8DAC038F8DF" bold="true" box="[189,351,1864,1890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Phenology:—</emphasis>
September–December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FF0A6FF9C185EA6FCF8FEC1AEF873" pageId="1" pageNumber="179" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF9C185EA6FCF8FEC1AEF873" blockId="1.[136,1452,676,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9C185EA6FCF8FEC003F83B" bold="true" box="[189,356,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The new species is named after Dr. C.N. Sunil, Associate Professor (Rtd.), S.N.M. College, Maliankara for his immense contributions to the field of angiosperm taxonomy specifically for sedges and grasses in 
<collectingCountry id="F342E3BDFF9C185EA6C9F826C1A2F873" box="[136,197,1972,1998]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="179">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2AF3A5FF9F185DA6C9F8C1C08BF80C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6966024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966024/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="180" startId="2.[136,234,1875,1897]" targetBox="[236,1354,197,1837]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF9F185DA6C9F8C1C08BF80C" blockId="2.[136,1452,1875,1969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9F185DA6C9F8C1C06CF8D5" bold="true" box="[136,267,1875,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="180">FIGURE. 1.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9F185DA753F8C1C0ADF8D5" box="[274,458,1875,1896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF9F185DA753F8C1C0A1F8D5" authorityName="Jabeena, Nithya, K. M. P. Kumar &amp; Maya" authorityYear="2022" box="[274,454,1875,1896]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="180" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sunilii">Ischaemum sunilii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Habit. B. Inflated peduncle. C. C.S. of peduncle. D. Leaf apex. E. Pseudopetiole of lower leaf. F. Culm at nodal region. G. Ligule bearing bulbous based hairs. H. Leaf sheath bearing bulbous based hairs. (Photos: Nithya V.M. based on Jabeena M.K. &amp; Maya C. Nair 4469)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2AF3A5FF9E185CA6C9F8F6C08BF7B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6966026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966026/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="181" startId="3.[136,234,1892,1914]" targetBox="[228,1362,200,1856]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF9E185CA6C9F8F6C08BF7B7" blockId="3.[136,1453,1892,2058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9E185CA6C9F8F6C062F8C4" bold="true" box="[136,261,1892,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9E185CA74CF8F6C0A1F8C4" box="[269,454,1892,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF9E185CA74CF8F6C0A5F8C4" authorityName="Jabeena, Nithya, K. M. P. Kumar &amp; Maya" authorityYear="2022" box="[269,450,1892,1913]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="181" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sunilii">Ischaemum sunilii</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Raceme showing spikelet pairs. B. Spikelet pair. 
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9E185CA592F8F6C568F8C7" bold="true" box="[979,1039,1892,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="181">(C–F)</emphasis>
Parts of sessile spikelet. C. Abaxial view of lower glume. D. Adaxial view of lower glume. E. Upper glume. F. Lower lemma. G. Lower palea. H. Upper lemma. I. Upper palea. 
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF9E185CA6C9F83EC1D8F87F" bold="true" box="[136,191,1964,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="181">(J–P)</emphasis>
Parts of Pedicelled spikelet. J. Abaxial view of lower glume. K. Adaxial view of lower glume. L. Upper glume. M. Lower lemma. N. Lower palea. O. Upper lemma. P. Upper palea. Q. Joints of rachis. R. Anther. S. Pistil. T. Caryopsis. (Photos: Nithya V.M. based on Jabeena M.K. &amp; Maya C. Nair 4469)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2AF3A5FF99185BA6C9F83AC1A5F794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6966029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6966029/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="182" startId="4.[136,234,1960,1982]" targetBox="[190,1398,190,1924]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF99185BA6C9F83AC1A5F794" blockId="4.[136,1452,1960,2089]" pageId="4" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF99185BA6C9F83AC064F800" bold="true" box="[136,259,1960,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF99185BA748F83AC247F803" authority="Fischer A. Habit. B. Culm" authorityName="Fischer A. Habit. B. Culm" authorityYear="1933" box="[265,800,1960,1982]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rangacharianum">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF99185BA748F83AC37AF800" box="[265,541,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="182">Ischaemum rangacharianum</emphasis>
Fischer A. Habit. B. Culm
</taxonomicName>
at nodal region C. Ligule D.–G. Parts of sessile floret D.–E. Lower glume D. Abaxial surface E. Adaxial surface. F. Upper glume G. Upper lemma. H.–M. Parts of pedicelled floret. H. Lower glume. I. Upper glume. J. Lower lemma K. Lower palea L. Upper lemma M. Upper palea N. Stamen. O. Pistil P. Caryopsis (Photos: Nithya M. &amp; Jabeena M.K.)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34FF0A6FF98185AA6FCFF0CC240FE99" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF98185AA6FCFF0CC240FE99" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA6FCFF0CC012FF05" bold="true" box="[189,373,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Distribution:—</emphasis>
The new species was collected only from the 
<typeStatus id="54EE1D8FFF98185AA52EFF0DC2F8FF04" box="[879,927,159,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
locality Govindamala, in Nelliyampathy range of southern Western Ghats at an elevation of 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA4D0FF50C245FF60" box="[657,802,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="900.0">900–1100 m</quantity>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF98185AA56EFF50C299FF61" authorityName="Jabeena, Nithya, K. M. P. Kumar &amp; Maya" authorityYear="2022" box="[815,1022,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sunilii">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA56EFF50C299FF61" box="[815,1022,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Ischaemum sunilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found growing in open montane grasslands along with 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF98185AA7C5FF74C2F3FEBD" authority="Nees ex Miquel (1851: 30)" authorityName="Miquel" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1851" box="[388,916,230,257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Arundinella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA7C5FF74C33EFEBD" box="[388,601,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Arundinella ciliata</emphasis>
Nees ex 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4DEDCFF98185AA483FF74C2F3FEBD" author="Miquel, F. A. W." box="[706,916,230,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" refId="ref3828" refString="Miquel, F. A. W. (1851) Nieuwe Verh. Eerste Kl. Kon. Ned. Inst. Wetensch. Amsterdam. Series 3 (4)." type="book" year="1851">Miquel (1851: 30)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF98185AA5E1FF74C1DBFE99" authority="Wight &amp; Arnott (1834: 234)" authorityName="Wight &amp; Arnott" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1834" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Alysicarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heyneanus">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA5E1FF74C5C5FEBD" box="[928,1186,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Alysicarpus heyneanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4DEDCFF98185AA2E8FF74C1DBFE99" author="Wight, R. &amp; Arnott, G. A. W." pageId="5" pageNumber="183" refId="ref4217" refString="Wight, R. &amp; Arnott, G. A. W. (1834) Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis: containing abridged descriptions of the plants found in the peninsula of British India, arranged according to the natural system: Vol. 1. London: Parbury, Allen &amp; Co., 480 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 252" type="book" year="1834">Wight &amp; Arnott (1834: 234)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF98185AA6B3FE99C244FE99" authority="Arnott ex Miquel (1852: 11)" authorityName="Miquel" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1852" box="[242,803,266,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" genus="Canscora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA6B3FE99C0BBFE99" box="[242,476,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Canscora roxburghii</emphasis>
Arnott ex 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4DEDCFF98185AA415FE98C244FE99" author="Miquel, F. A. W." box="[596,803,266,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" refId="ref3861" refString="Miquel, F. A. W. (1852) Analecta botanica indica: commentationes de variis stirpibus Asiae australioris. Amsterdam, Sulpke. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 67331" type="book" year="1852">Miquel (1852: 11)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34FF0A6FF98185AA6FCFEBCC528FD69" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF98185AA6FCFEBCC09DFDF9" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA6FCFEBCC0FDFEF5" bold="true" box="[189,410,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">Taxonomic affinity</emphasis>
: Though the smooth non-nodulated nature of lower glumes of both sessile and pedicelled spikelets, petiolate lower leaf blades and the general morphology brings the taxa near to 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF98185AA21EFEC1C1D9FE2D" authority="Hackel (1889: 209)" authorityName="Hackel" authorityPageNumber="209" authorityYear="1889" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="commutatum">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA21EFEC1C460FED1" box="[1119,1287,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">I. commutatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC4DEDCFF98185AA34CFEC0C1D9FE2D" author="Hackel, E." pageId="5" pageNumber="183" refId="ref3380" refString="Hackel, E. (1889) Monographiae phanerogamarum: Prodromi nunc continuatio, nunc revisio. Vol. 6. Masson &amp; Cie. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 45961" type="book" year="1889">Hackel (1889: 209)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the taxon shows differences in sparsely villous node (vs. glabrous), bulbous based hairs on leaf sheath and ligules (vs. glabrous), inflated peduncle as well as joints of rachis, callus and pedicel (vs. not inflated), 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA2FBFE08C44BFE08" box="[1210,1324,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 mm</quantity>
long lower glume of sessile spikelet (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA79CFE2CC35BFE64" box="[477,572,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long), 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA4D0FE2CC262FE64" box="[657,773,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="7.25" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="7.0">7–7.5 mm</quantity>
long, tuberculate, 7-nerved upper glume of sessile spikelet (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA6F9FE70C072FE40" box="[184,277,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long, non-tuberculate, 3-nerved), 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA4D2FE70C26CFE40" box="[659,779,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 mm</quantity>
long awn of upper lemma of sessile spikelet (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA372FE70C4CBFE40" box="[1331,1452,482,509]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
long), short pedicel of length 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA795FD94C321FD9C" box="[468,582,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.0">1–2.3 mm</quantity>
of pedicelled spikelet (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA535FD94C2BEFD9C" box="[884,985,518,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3– 4 mm</quantity>
long pedicel) and awned upper lemma of pedicelled spikelet (vs. awnless).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEAA32DFF98185AA6FCFDDCC528FD69" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">
Apart from the diagnostic differentiating traits with 
<taxonomicName id="4C55D8AEFF98185AA4BAFDDDC2AAFDD5" authorityName="Fischer A. Habit. B. Culm" authorityYear="1933" box="[763,973,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ischaemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rangacharianum">
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA4BAFDDDC2AAFDD5" box="[763,973,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">I. rangacharianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there were more distinct differences in the quantitative measurements 
<emphasis id="B9217F3FFF98185AA7FCFDE1C0BBFD31" box="[445,476,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="183">viz</emphasis>
. sessile spikelet including 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA54FFDE0C2F0FD30" box="[782,919,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="6.95" valueMax="7.2" valueMin="6.7">6.7–7.2 mm</quantity>
long lower lemma (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA2E6FDE0C47DFD30" box="[1191,1306,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="5.25" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6 mm</quantity>
long), 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA32DFDE0C1D3FD0C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="6.8" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.6">6.6–7 mm</quantity>
long lower palea (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA7EDFD04C379FD0C" box="[428,542,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="5.2" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.4">4.4–6 mm</quantity>
long), 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA42FFD04C392FD0C" box="[622,757,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="6.1" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="5.9">5.9–6.3 mm</quantity>
long upper lemma (vs. 4–5.5 long), 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA2CCFD04C58DFD0C" box="[1165,1258,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
long upper palea (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA6F9FD28C04DFD68" box="[184,298,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–4 mm</quantity>
long) and 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA7E3FD28C37CFD68" box="[418,539,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 mm</quantity>
long awn of sessile spikelet (vs. 
<quantity id="4CAD0EC8FF98185AA5CCFD28C561FD68" box="[909,1030,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10–17 mm</quantity>
long).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>