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<document id="AC5753B56967E4E88D11E41FA8BAE4F5" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13694570" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725552937060" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Guzel, Yelda &amp; Kayikçi, Samim" docDate="2017" docId="03F687A0253B8135D196F88FFBC4F960" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.299.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 299 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Heracleum amanum Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872: 1045" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FFCFFFD825388132D11EFFF6FFBDFF9B" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1725553341526" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="C1D3B04746E2B27FC2D29040B161D660" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6EA4B3D475F428150E1593E1D0071C84">
<mods:title id="143D553A648AABADD74CFC7FF6D11A4F">Rediscovery and reinstatement of Heracleum amanum (Apiaceae) based on morphological and carpological data</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="3016394642EAE70D827CCE00E912DB1D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="24FDF6B82A46906A2811E881B96BF79F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="69B206B34CAFD99321B664C390713B79">Guzel, Yelda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C4F97EE68DB8240C895BC825C4550554">Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 31040 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey;</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="03482584A318A9888BFB7756C2D757D8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F8233147CE807D7ECE7B4EB315CCE46A">Kayikçi, Samim</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="16BA98D03D3CE50FA670345A626FD907">Antakya Nature, Art and Tourism Association, Güzelbahçe neighb., Kurtuluş ave. n: 25 Floor: 2, 31070 Antakya, Hatay, Turkey</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="7232A01D00A6C9CE372EB60001573A77">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5B73963667A580F3CB6D42CE629ECF4D">
<mods:date id="83CBDE00AF4109EA45454A76FD055FC2">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D0ECE0F9F70B9721AB4E48EE433312D3">2017-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3DCFEB671542A32E010DE836B8041893">299</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="98A3C855DEFA852B0F82A2977B64C26F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.3</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BBB239F125F0CAFEAA474743D3F4D11F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="61CF474988303E49BBF51F04496EF710" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.299.1.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="08DBEF36C908980876DD113301D0B72E" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AFE898742010A58FD5C4607260069637" type="Zenodo-Dep">13694570</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F687A0253B8135D196F88FFBC4F960" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13694578" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687A0253B8135D196F88FFBC4F960" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687A0253B8135D196F88FFBC4F960" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="C345653D253B8131D196F88FFB19F80E" box="[136,1188,1913,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253B8131D196F88FFB19F80E" blockId="3.[136,1188,1913,1941]" box="[136,1188,1913,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D0A881DA253B8131D196F88FFB19F80E" box="[136,1188,1913,1941]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F1198253B8131D196F88FFB19F80E" box="[136,1188,1913,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE10A7253B8131D196F88FFCDCF80E" author="Boissier, E." box="[136,865,1913,1941]" page=")" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" year="1872">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253B8131D196F88FFCDCF80E" ID-CoL="B46PV" authority="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872: 1045)" authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872:" authorityPageNumber="1045" authorityYear="1045" box="[136,865,1913,1941]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253B8131D196F88FFECAF80F" bold="true" box="[136,375,1913,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Heracleum amanum</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253B8131D373F88AFCDCF80E" author="Boissier, E." box="[621,865,1916,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" refId="ref4458" refString="Boissier, E. (1872) Flora Orientalis, vol. 2. H. Georg, Geneva, 1159 pp. Available from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 18113497 (accessed 1 March 2017)" type="book" year="1872">Boissier (1872: 1045)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="13642A33253B8131D26EF88AFC08F80E" box="[880,949,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1846,1867]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,857,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-337@3.[151,1436,857,1821]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Heracleum amanum: habit and habitat. CU) central umbel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694580/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253B8131D2DFF88AFC5FF80E" box="[961,994,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1876,1897]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,255,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[151,1436,242,1850]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (X) and H. amanum (Y). A) dorsal surface; B) commissural surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">3Y</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253B8131D2F3F88AFBADF80E" box="[1005,1040,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1333,1354]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,569,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-204@5.[151,1436,569,1307]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of the mericarps cross-sections: A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H. amanum. DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694584/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253B8131D502F88AFB83F80E" box="[1052,1086,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,190,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[197,1389,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micrographs of the mericarpscross-sections.A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H.amanum;DV) dorsalvittae;CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694587/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253B8131D554F88AFBD0F80E" box="[1098,1133,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,190,1345]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-sections of the mericarps under the light microscope of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). EN) endosperm; DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; P) commissural pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694589/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253B8131D567F88AFB27F80E" box="[1145,1178,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[136,229,2034,2055]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,281,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[214,1373,281,2009]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of cross-sections of mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694591/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">7B</figureCitation>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345653D253B8136D196F854FA81FF42" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253B8136D196F854FA81FF42" blockId="3.[136,1452,1954,2083]" lastBlockId="4.[189,1452,160,217]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253B8131D196F854FF7FF82C" bold="true" box="[136,194,1954,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Type:</emphasis>
—
<materialsCitation id="3B373CEB253B8131D1C5F854FBB3F840" collectionCode="M, G" collectorName="Ky. Exs." country="Turkey" location="Hatay" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="C6, P00753157" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hatay" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="F3487626253B8131D1C5F854FE81F82C" box="[219,316,1954,1975]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">TURKEY</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253B8131D05AF854FEDFF82C" bold="true" box="[324,354,1954,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253B8131D05AF854FEDFF82C" box="[324,354,1954,1975]" collectionCode="C" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">C6</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="499BF854253B8131D079F854FE1CF82C" box="[359,417,1954,1975]" country="Turkey" name="Hatay" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Hatay</collectingRegion>
, “Ad confinia Abetum [sic; sphalm. Abietum] in monte Akmadagh (Amano) Syriae bor. alt. 5600’ (
<collectorName id="26AA5360253B8131D447F854FA11F82C" box="[1369,1452,1954,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Ky. Exs.</collectorName>
46!)”.
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253B8131D1E0F830FEDEF840" bold="true" box="[254,355,1990,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="54E48814253B8131D1E0F830FEDEF840" box="[254,355,1990,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(designated here by
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253B8131D32FF830FDF7F840" box="[561,586,1990,2011]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253B8131D353F830FDDCF840" box="[589,609,1990,2011]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
. Pimenov):
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253B8131D3C9F830FCF9F840" box="[727,836,1990,2011]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P00753157</specimenCode>
[fruiting fragments]
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B373CEB253B8131D504F830FC58F7B8" collectingDate="1862-06-21" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Abietum &amp; Akma Dagh &amp; Kotschy &amp; Drake's" country="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="P00753162" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
this voucher is undoubtedly connected to
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253B8131D1A3F81CFE97F864" box="[189,298,2026,2047]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P00753162</specimenCode>
[leaf fragment] (as ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253B8131D0E6F81CFDEEF864" box="[504,595,2026,2047]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amani">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253B8131D0E6F81CFDEEF864" box="[504,595,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">H. amani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, ad confinia
<collectorName id="26AA5360253B8131D3C2F81CFC8DF864" box="[732,816,2026,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Abietum</collectorName>
in monte
<collectorName id="26AA5360253B8131D28AF81CFBB0F864" box="[916,1037,2026,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Akma Dagh</collectorName>
, alt. 5600’,
<date id="FFE11076253B8131D59AF81CFAB4F864" box="[1156,1289,2026,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" value="1862-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EFA5E99E253B8131D59AF81CFAB4F864" box="[1156,1289,2026,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" value="1862-06-21">21 June 1862</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253B8131D40AF81CFADCF864" box="[1300,1377,2026,2047]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">
<collectorName id="26AA5360253B8131D40AF81CFADCF864" box="[1300,1377,2026,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Kotschy</collectorName>
</emphasis>
-46), as both sheets are clearly annotated on their labels to belong to ‘
<collectorName id="26AA5360253B8131D21EF7F8FCF2F7B8" box="[768,847,2062,2083]" pageId="3" pageNumber="58">Drake’s</collectorName>
collection’ at
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253B8131D2CBF7F8FC58F7B8" box="[981,997,2062,2083]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B373CEB253B8136D2F0F7F8FB1EFF2E" collectionCode="ICN" collectorName="Art. &amp; Ex." country="Turkey" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="3" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
therefore they should be considered as initially being part of a single voucher, later marked with different barcode numbers (
<collectorName id="26AA5360253C8136D2BBFF56FC70FF2E" box="[933,973,160,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Art.</collectorName>
8.3
<collectorName id="26AA5360253C8136D2E9FF56FBA5FF2E" box="[1015,1048,160,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Ex.</collectorName>
4 of the
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253C8136D571FF56FB21FF2E" box="[1135,1180,160,181]" country="Colombia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">ICN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B373CEB253C8136D5B2FF56FA85FF42" collectionCode="P, C, K, W" country="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="P00753158, P00753159, P00753160, P00753161, C10008457, K000685828, W 0050238, W0050239, W 0050240, W 0050241" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Isolectotypes">
<typeStatus id="54E48814253C8136D5B2FF56FA92FF2E" box="[1196,1327,160,181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="isolectotype">Isolectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D426FF56FA1AFF2E" box="[1336,1447,160,181]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">P00753158</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D1A3FF32FE93FF42" box="[189,302,196,217]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">P00753159</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D029FF32FE1AFF42" box="[311,423,196,217]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">P00753160</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D0AEFF32FDA2FF42" box="[432,543,196,217]" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">P00753161</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D337FF32FD21FF42" box="[553,668,196,217]" collectionCode="C" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">C10008457</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D3BBFF32FC9BFF42" box="[677,806,196,217]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">K000685828</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D230FF32FC1CFF42" box="[814,929,196,217]" collectionCode="W" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">W 0050238</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D2B4FF32FBAAFF42" box="[938,1047,196,217]" collectionCode="W" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">W0050239</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D53EFF32FB29FF42" box="[1056,1172,196,217]" collectionCode="W" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">W 0050240</specimenCode>
, and
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253C8136D5DBFF32FA85FF42" box="[1221,1336,196,217]" collectionCode="W" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">W 0050241</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF20663E253C8136D196F8A2FAAFF8F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13694582" box="[136,1298,1876,1897]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" startId="4.[136,229,1876,1897]" targetBox="[151,1436,255,1850]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253C8136D196F8A2FAAFF8F2" blockId="4.[136,1298,1876,1897]" box="[136,1298,1876,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253C8136D196F8A2FF43F8F2" bold="true" box="[136,254,1876,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Mericarps of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253C8136D09BF8A2FDC8F8F2" authorityName="Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[389,629,1876,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatifolium">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253C8136D09BF8A2FDC8F8F2" box="[389,629,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Heracleum crenatifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(X) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253C8136D3D2F8A2FC81F8F2" authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[716,828,1876,1897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253C8136D3D2F8A2FC81F8F2" box="[716,828,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">H. amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Y).
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253C8136D271F8A2FC3DF8F2" bold="true" box="[879,896,1876,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">A</emphasis>
) dorsal surface;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253C8136D539F8A2FB8AF8F2" bold="true" box="[1063,1079,1876,1897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">B</emphasis>
) commissural surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C345653D253C8137D196F86FFEB2F9B8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253C8137D196F86FFD97FDBA" blockId="4.[136,1452,1945,2078]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,160,545]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253C8136D196F86FFEA1F829" bold="true" box="[136,284,1945,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59">Description:</emphasis>
Biennial,
<quantity id="4CA79B53253C8136D08EF86FFDBCF829" box="[400,513,1945,1970]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 m</quantity>
tall, aromatic herb. Stem solitary,
<quantity id="4CA79B53253C8136D29DF86FFBBDF829" box="[899,1024,1945,1970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
diameter below, finely striate-sulcate, glabrous in the lower part, subglabrous to sparsely pubescence in the upper part. Basal leaves 1-pinnate with pinnatisect segments or 2 pinnate; primary pinnae 3–4-paired; lamina triangular oblong and
<quantity id="4CA79B53253C8136D511F817FBC3F861" box="[1039,1150,2017,2042]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="40.0">40–70 cm</quantity>
long. Terminal leaf trisect. Ultimate lobes of leaves ovate to oblong, acute and dentate. All leaves sparsely short-adpressed pubescent above, more densely short-adpressed pubescent below with ovate-oblong sheaths. Central umbels
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D5BFFF56FAB8FF22" box="[1185,1285,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 cm</quantity>
pedunculated. Rays 15–40, unequal,
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D098FF32FE55FF46" box="[390,488,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="cm" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4–10 cm</quantity>
in fruiting stage, short pubescent-setulose. Bracts 0. Bracteoles 0–1, filiform. Sepals and petals minute. Petals greenish white. Ovaries adpressed setulose. Stylopodium conical,
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D5B4FF1EFA89FE9A" box="[1194,1332,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.7 mm</quantity>
in flower,
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D196FEFAFF58FEBE" box="[136,229,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 in</quantity>
fruit. Style
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D075FEFAFE63FEBE" box="[363,478,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 mm</quantity>
in flower, the same length or deciduous in fruit. Mature mericarps obovate-orbiculate, c. 10 ×
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D1C2FEC6FEA2FED2" box="[220,287,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
, occasionally adpressed setulose, emarginate, notch depth
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D2B0FEC6FB9EFED2" box="[942,1059,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
. Endosperm 2.5–3.5 ×
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in cross-section, not extending up to the margins of the mericarp and not separating dorsal and commissural vittae from each other, c. 2/3–6/7 of the width of the marginal (outer) dorsal vittae are in contact with commissural surface. Commissural pericarp thin (c. 14 μm), translucent here, dorsal vittae becoming visible in the commissural surface. Dorsal vittae 4, broadly clavate c.
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D318FE36FDDFFE42" box="[518,610,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
broad, c. ½ to ¾ as long as mericarp. Commissural vittae 4; the two central ones broadly clavate, c.
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D083FE12FDACFE66" box="[413,529,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
broad and ¼ as long as the mericarp; the two lateral ones ½ as long as mericarp (
<figureCitation id="13642A33253D8137D18EFDFEFF6EFDBA" box="[144,211,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,977,998]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,278,949]" captionTargetId="figure-38@2.[151,1436,278,949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Heracleum crenatifolium: A) habit; B) sessile central umbel; CU) central umbel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694574/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253D8137D1FFFDFEFEBFFDBA" box="[225,258,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1876,1897]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,255,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[151,1436,242,1850]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (X) and H. amanum (Y). A) dorsal surface; B) commissural surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694582/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">3Y</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253D8137D013FDFEFE8DFDBA" box="[269,304,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1333,1354]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,569,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-204@5.[151,1436,569,1307]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of the mericarps cross-sections: A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H. amanum. DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694584/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253D8137D022FDFEFEE3FDBA" box="[316,350,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,190,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[197,1389,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micrographs of the mericarpscross-sections.A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H.amanum;DV) dorsalvittae;CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694587/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253D8137D075FDFEFE33FDBA" box="[363,398,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,190,1345]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-sections of the mericarps under the light microscope of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). EN) endosperm; DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; P) commissural pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694589/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253D8137D087FDFEFE01FDBA" box="[409,444,520,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[136,229,2034,2055]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,281,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[214,1373,281,2009]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of cross-sections of mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694591/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">7B</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DD030D253D8137D0D6FDFEFDA4FDBA" box="[456,537,520,545]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,224,1048,1071]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of investigated morphological and carpological characteristics of Heracleum crenatifolium and H." pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF20663E253D8137D196FAC3FDDFFAF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13694584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694584/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" startId="5.[136,229,1333,1354]" targetBox="[151,1436,569,1296]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253D8137D196FAC3FDDFFAF5" blockId="5.[136,1451,1333,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D196FAC3FEBDFAD1" bold="true" box="[136,256,1333,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Photomicrographs of the mericarps cross-sections:
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D21EFAC3FCACFAD1" bold="true" box="[768,785,1333,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D23CFAC3FBA8FAD1" authorityName="Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[802,1045,1333,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatifolium">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D23CFAC3FBA8FAD1" box="[802,1045,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Heracleum crenatifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D53AFAC3FB89FAD1" bold="true" box="[1060,1076,1333,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D55BFAC3FB05FAD1" authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[1093,1208,1333,1354]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D55BFAC3FB05FAD1" box="[1093,1208,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">H. amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D5D8FAC3FB54FAD1" bold="true" box="[1222,1257,1333,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">DV</emphasis>
) dorsal vittae;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D49FFAC3FA19FAD1" bold="true" box="[1409,1444,1333,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">CV</emphasis>
) commissural vittae;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D055FAAFFED1FAF5" bold="true" box="[331,364,1369,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">EN</emphasis>
) endosperm;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D0EEFAAFFE42FAF5" bold="true" box="[496,511,1369,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">P</emphasis>
) pericarp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253D8137D1A3FA68FDEFFA2C" blockId="5.[136,1452,1438,1967]" box="[189,594,1438,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D1A3FA68FEC1FA2C" bold="true" box="[189,380,1438,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Flowering time:</emphasis>
From May to July.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253D8137D1A3FA34FEB2F9B8" blockId="5.[136,1452,1438,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D1A3FA34FE2BFA40" bold="true" box="[189,406,1474,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Recent collection:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B373CEB253D8137D0BCFA34FEB1F9B8" collectingDate="2015-06-04" collectionCode="S, Y, ANK" country="Turkey" elevation="1030" latitude="36.644127" location="Herbarium of Mustafa Kemal University" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="36.33381" municipality="Iskenderun-Kaledibi" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="C6" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hatay">
<collectingCountry id="F3487626253D8137D0BCFA34FDA9FA40" box="[418,532,1474,1499]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">TURKEY</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D33CFA34FDF8FA40" bold="true" box="[546,581,1474,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<specimenCode id="DBF99ECD253D8137D33CFA34FDF8FA40" box="[546,581,1474,1499]" collectionCode="C" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">C6</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="499BF854253D8137D34EFA34FD2AFA40" box="[592,663,1474,1499]" country="Turkey" name="Hatay" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Hatay</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B84ACCC253D8137D3B8FA34FC30FA40" box="[678,909,1474,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">İskenderun-Kaledibi</collectingMunicipality>
(vicinity of the
<typeStatus id="54E48814253D8137D54DFA34FB3EFA40" box="[1107,1155,1474,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality),
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5071253D8137D5E1FA34FA16FA40" box="[1279,1451,1474,1499]" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="38.85" value="36.644127">36°38’38.85”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5071253D8137D196FA10FE98FA64" box="[136,293,1510,1535]" degrees="36" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="1.71" value="36.33381">36°20’1.71”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D026FA10FE29FA64" box="[312,404,1510,1535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1030.0">
<elevation id="0072D185253D8137D026FA10FE29FA64" box="[312,404,1510,1535]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="1030.0">1030 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFE11076253D8137D300FA10FD0AFA64" box="[542,695,1510,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2015-06-04">
<collectingDate id="EFA5E99E253D8137D300FA10FD0AFA64" box="[542,695,1510,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" value="2015-06-04">4 June 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D3D7FA10FD6AFA64" box="[713,727,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253D8137D3D7FA10FD6AFA64" box="[713,727,1510,1535]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D3C0FA10FC5DFA64" box="[734,992,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
Kayikci &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253D8137D27BFA10FCCBFA64" box="[869,886,1510,1535]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14792" name="Yale University" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">Y</collectionCode>
.Güzel-20
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE73253D8137D2E8FA10FB85FA64" box="[1014,1080,1510,1535]" country="Turkey" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15388" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15388" name="Ankara Üniversitesi" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="Herbarium">ANK</collectionCode>
;
<location id="8E80606D253D8137D554FA10FEB9F9B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F687A0253B8135D196F88FFBC4F960:8E80606D253D8137D554FA10FEB9F9B8" country="Turkey" latitude="36.644127" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="36.33381" municipality="Iskenderun-Kaledibi" name="Herbarium of Mustafa Kemal University" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Hatay">Herbarium of Mustafa Kemal University</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345653D253D8135D1A3F9D8FBC4F960" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253D8137D1A3F9D8FCA4F928" blockId="5.[136,1452,1438,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D1A3F9D8FD4CF9DC" bold="true" box="[189,753,1582,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Distribution and proposed conservation status:</emphasis>
Endemic to Amanos Mountains. It is represented by only one population within an area of less than
<quantity id="4CA79B53253D8137D325F9A4FD3EF9F0" box="[571,643,1618,1643]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
<superScript id="7C2A9BFE253D8137D39DF9A6FD36F9C5" attach="left" box="[643,651,1616,1630]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">2</superScript>
. Besides having narrow distribution area, destruction of the habitat by human activities, e.g. urbanization and land clearing, threaten the population. So, it should be evaluated as critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D394F96CFCAFF928" author="IUCN Species Survival Commission &amp; Cambridge U. K." box="[650,786,1690,1715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5631" refString="IUCN Species Survival Commission (2016) IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Version 3.1. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge U. K. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / categories-and-criteria / 2001 - categories-criteria (accessed 10 September 2016)" type="url" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253D8137D1A3F948FEC2F834" blockId="5.[136,1452,1438,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D1A3F948FD72F94C" bold="true" box="[189,719,1726,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Habitat observation from recent collection:</emphasis>
Close to streams, under
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D2EBF948FB73F94C" box="[1013,1230,1726,1751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D2EBF948FB73F94C" box="[1013,1230,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Platanus orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (1753: 999), or within the
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D1E3F914FD2CF960" authority="Lipsky (1898: 300)" authorityName="Lipsky" authorityPageNumber="300" authorityYear="1898" box="[253,657,1762,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D1E3F914FE09F960" box="[253,436,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Fagus orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D0A4F914FD2CF960" author="Lipsky, V. I." box="[442,657,1762,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" pagination="245 - 316" refId="ref4887" refString="Lipsky, V. I. (1898) Florae Caucasicae imprimis Colchicae novitiates (1895). Trudy Imperatorskago S. - Peterburgskago Botanicheskago Sada [Acta Horti Petropolitani] 14: 245 - 316. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1898">Lipsky (1898: 300)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D38EF914FD2AF960" box="[656,663,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">-</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D386F914FC66F960" authority="Arnold (1785: 8)" authorityName="Arnold" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1785" box="[664,987,1762,1787]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D386F914FCA1F960" box="[664,796,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Pinus nigra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D23EF914FC66F960" author="Arnold, J. F." box="[800,987,1762,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref4303" refString="Arnold, J. F. (1785) Reise nach Mariazell in Steyermark. Wapler, Wien, 24 pp." type="book" year="1785">Arnold (1785: 8)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
mixed forest.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D564F914FAE1F960" authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[1146,1372,1762,1787]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D564F914FAE1F960" box="[1146,1372,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Heracleum amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs together with
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D03DF8F0FD79F884" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 997)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="997" authorityYear="1753" box="[291,708,1798,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D03DF8F0FE74F884" box="[291,457,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Quercus cerris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D0CEF8F0FD79F884" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[464,708,1798,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref4835" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, 2 vols. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 1200 pp. Available from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 13829 # page / 261 / mode / 1 up (accessed 1 March 2017)" type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 997)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D3D1F8F0FC05F884" box="[719,952,1798,1823]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dennstaedtiaceae" genus="Pteridium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquilinum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D3D1F8F0FC05F884" box="[719,952,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Pteridium aquilinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.)
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D2EEF8F0FB16F884" author="Kuhn, M." box="[1008,1195,1798,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" pagination="7 - 71" refId="ref4739" refString="Kuhn, M. (1879) Cryptogamae vasculares. In: Ascherson, P. F. A., Boeckeler, J. O., Klatt, F. W., Kuhn, F. A. M., Lorentz, P. G. &amp; Sonder, O. W. (Eds.) kbaron C. C. von der Decken's Reisen in Ost-Africa, vol. 3, 3 (Botanik). C. F. Winter, Leipzig, pp. 7 - 71." type="book chapter" year="1879">Kuhn (1879: 11)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D5A6F8F0FDE3F8D8" authority="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1875: 693)" authorityName="Boissier" authorityPageNumber="693" authorityYear="1875" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lycopifolia">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D5A6F8F0FA11F884" box="[1208,1452,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Centaurea lycopifolia</emphasis>
Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D066F8DCFDE3F8D8" author="Boissier, E." box="[376,606,1834,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref4500" refString="Boissier, E. (1875) Flora Orientalis, vol. 3. H. Georg, Geneva, 1033 pp. Available from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 18114317 (accessed 1 March 2017)" type="book" year="1875">Boissier (1875: 693)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D372F8DCFBFFF8D8" authority="(Post) Post (1893: 22)" authorityName="Post" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1893" baseAuthorityName="Post" box="[620,1090,1834,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Asperula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cymulosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D372F8DCFCFFF8D8" box="[620,834,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Asperula cymulosa</emphasis>
(Post)
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D28DF8DCFBFFF8D8" author="Post, G. E." box="[915,1090,1834,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" pagination="15 - 32" refId="ref5383" refString="Post, G. E. (1893) Plantae postianae, fasciculus V. Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier 1: 15 - 32." type="journal article" year="1893">Post (1893: 22)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D550F8DCFA15F8D8" authority="Miller (1768" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[1102,1448,1834,1859]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D550F8DCFAB3F8D8" box="[1102,1294,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Salvia tomentosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D40BF8DCFA15F8D8" author="Miller, P." box="[1301,1448,1834,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5267" refString="Miller, P. (1768) Gardeners dictionary, 8 th edition. J. &amp; F. Rivington, London, 1300 pp. [unnumbered pages, names alphabetically arranged]." type="book" year="1768">Miller (1768</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: without pagination),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D069F8B8FC03F8FC" authority="(Boiss.) Grierson (1975: 434)" authorityName="Grierson" authorityPageNumber="434" authorityYear="1975" baseAuthorityName="Boiss." box="[375,958,1870,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tanacetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cilicicum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D069F8B8FDDCF8FC" box="[375,609,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Tanacetum cilicicum</emphasis>
(Boiss.)
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D3D5F8B8FC03F8FC" author="Grierson, A. J. C." box="[715,958,1870,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref4684" refString="Grierson, A. J. C. (1975) Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh 33 (3): 434." type="book" year="1975">Grierson (1975: 434)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D2D2F8B8FA1AF8FC" authority="Boissier (1879: 310)" authorityName="Boissier" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1879" box="[972,1447,1870,1895]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D2D2F8B8FB0DF8FC" box="[972,1200,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Verbascum amanum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D5A4F8B8FA1AF8FC" author="Boissier, E." box="[1210,1447,1870,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref4542" refString="Boissier, E. (1879) Flora Orientalis, vol. 4 (2). H. Georg, Geneva, 995 pp. Available from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 18114982 (accessed 1 March 2017)" type="book" year="1879">Boissier (1879: 310)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D196F884FDBBF810" authority="Miller (1768" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1768" box="[136,518,1906,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D196F884FED8F810" box="[136,357,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Carpinus orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D06EF884FDBBF810" author="Miller, P." box="[368,518,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5267" refString="Miller, P. (1768) Gardeners dictionary, 8 th edition. J. &amp; F. Rivington, London, 1300 pp. [unnumbered pages, names alphabetically arranged]." type="book" year="1768">Miller (1768</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: without pagination),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D21AF884FB72F810" authority="Scopoli (1772: 244)" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityPageNumber="244" authorityYear="1772" box="[772,1231,1906,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Ostrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carpinifolia">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D21AF884FC63F810" box="[772,990,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Ostrya carpinifolia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D2F6F884FB72F810" author="Scopoli, J. A." box="[1000,1231,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5408" refString="Scopoli, J. A. (1772) Flora carniolica exhibens plantas Carniolae indigenas et distributas in classes naturales cum differentiis specificis, synonymis recentiorum, locis natalibus, Nominibus Incolarum, Observationibus Selectis, Viribus Medicis, ed. 2 vol. 2. J. T. Trattner, Viennae, 496 pp." type="book" year="1772">Scopoli (1772: 244)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253D8137D415F884FEC6F834" authority="Candolle (1813: 150)" authorityName="Candolle" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1813" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="argentea">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253D8137D415F884FA11F810" box="[1291,1452,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="60">Tilia argentea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B47253D8137D196F860FEC6F834" author="Candolle, A. P. de" box="[136,379,1942,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="60" refId="ref4609" refString="Candolle, A. P. de (1813) Catalogus plantarum Horti Botanici Monspeliensis. Am. Koenig, Paris &amp; Strasbourg, 155 pp." type="book" year="1813">Candolle (1813: 150)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF20663E253E8134D196F857FE5FF841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13694587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694587/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" startId="6.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[197,1389,190,1924]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253E8134D196F857FE5FF841" blockId="6.[136,1452,1953,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D196F857FF46F82D" bold="true" box="[136,251,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Micrographs of the mericarps cross-sections.
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D3B4F857FD7EF82D" bold="true" box="[682,707,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">A)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253E8134D3D9F857FC0BF82D" authorityName="Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[711,950,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatifolium">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D3D9F857FC0BF82D" box="[711,950,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Heracleum crenatifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D2DFF857FC6CF82D" bold="true" box="[961,977,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253E8134D2C3F857FBF6F82D" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1879" box="[989,1099,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D2C3F857FBF6F82D" box="[989,1099,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">H. amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D54BF857FBC5F82D" bold="true" box="[1109,1144,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">DV</emphasis>
) dorsal vittae;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D41CF857FA98F82D" bold="true" box="[1282,1317,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">CV</emphasis>
) commissural vittae;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D1D4F833FF56F841" bold="true" box="[202,235,1989,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">EN</emphasis>
) endosperm;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253E8134D071F833FEC3F841" bold="true" box="[367,382,1989,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">P</emphasis>
) pericarp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF20663E253F8135D196FAACFC25FA08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694589" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13694589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694589/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" startId="7.[136,229,1370,1391]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1342]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253F8135D196FAACFC25FA08" blockId="7.[136,1451,1370,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D196FAACFEBCFAF4" bold="true" box="[136,257,1370,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Cross-sections of the mericarps under the light microscope of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253F8135D29EFAACFBC9FAF4" authorityName="Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[896,1140,1370,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatifolium">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D29EFAACFBC9FAF4" box="[896,1140,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Heracleum crenatifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253F8135D5CBFAACFAF4FAF4" authorityName="Boissier" authorityYear="1879" box="[1237,1353,1370,1391]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D5CBFAACFAF4FAF4" box="[1237,1353,1370,1391]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">H. amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B).
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D49CFAACFA1EFAF4" bold="true" box="[1410,1443,1370,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">EN</emphasis>
) endosperm;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D1E0FA88FE9CFA08" bold="true" box="[254,289,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">DV</emphasis>
) dorsal vittae;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D0AFFA88FE69FA08" bold="true" box="[433,468,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">CV</emphasis>
) commissural vittae;
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D3BBFA88FD09FA08" bold="true" box="[677,692,1406,1427]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">P</emphasis>
) commissural pericarp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253F8135D1A3FA35FE42FA47" blockId="7.[136,1452,1475,1787]" box="[189,511,1475,1500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D1A3FA35FE42FA47" bold="true" box="[189,511,1475,1500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Carpological observations:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253F8135D1A3FA1FFCB2F9F0" blockId="7.[136,1452,1475,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D1A3FA1FFE7DFA64" bold="true" box="[189,448,1513,1535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253F8135D1A3FA1FFE04FA64" authorityName="Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[189,441,1513,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatifolium">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D1A3FA1FFE04FA64" bold="true" box="[189,441,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Heracleum crenatifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Endosperm of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253F8135D353FA1CFD57FA64" authorityName="Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[589,746,1514,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crenatifolium">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D353FA1CFD57FA64" box="[589,746,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">H. crenatifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is wide and thick (3–4.75 ×
<quantity id="4CA79B53253F8135D2E5FA1CFBE2FA64" box="[1019,1119,1514,1535]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1 mm</quantity>
). It extends up to the margin of the mericarp, and separates dorsal and commissural vittae from each other. Only a small proportion of the dorsal vittae (1/3–2/4 of their width) come into contact with commissural surface. Commissural pericarp is thick (42 μm) over the contact area. Therefore, dorsal vittae never become visible on commissural surface (
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D30EF9A0FDDBF9F0" box="[528,614,1622,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1333,1354]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,569,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-204@5.[151,1436,569,1307]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of the mericarps cross-sections: A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H. amanum. DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694584/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D371F9A0FD32F9F0" box="[623,655,1622,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,190,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[197,1389,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micrographs of the mericarpscross-sections.A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H.amanum;DV) dorsalvittae;CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694587/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D387F9A0FD09F9F0" box="[665,692,1622,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,190,1345]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-sections of the mericarps under the light microscope of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). EN) endosperm; DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; P) commissural pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694589/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">6A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D3FDF9A0FCB9F9F0" box="[739,772,1622,1643]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[136,229,2034,2055]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,281,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[214,1373,281,2009]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of cross-sections of mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694591/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">7A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036B6253F8135D1A3F98FFBC4F960" blockId="7.[136,1452,1475,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D1A3F98FFE29F914" bold="true" box="[189,404,1657,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253F8135D1A3F98FFE31F915" authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[189,396,1657,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D1A3F98FFE31F915" bold="true" box="[189,396,1657,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Heracleum amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Endosperm of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D35253F8135D33BF98CFD2AF914" authorityName="Boiss. &amp; Kotschy ex Boissier (1872:" authorityYear="1045" box="[549,663,1658,1679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Heracleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amanum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAA4253F8135D33BF98CFD2AF914" box="[549,663,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">H. amanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is narrow and thin (2.5–3.5 ×
<quantity id="4CA79B53253F8135D2D8F98CFB83F914" box="[966,1086,1658,1679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.6 mm</quantity>
). It does not extend up to the margin of the mericarp, and does not seperate dorsal and commissural vittae from each other. Also, a large proportion of these dorsal vittae (c. 2/3–6/7 of their width) are in contact with commissural surface. Commissural pericarp is thin enough (c. 14 μm) to be translucent over the contact area. As a result, dorsal vittae become visible on the commissural surface (
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D2BEF910FC49F960" box="[928,1012,1766,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1333,1354]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,569,1296]" captionTargetId="figure-204@5.[151,1436,569,1307]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs of the mericarps cross-sections: A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H. amanum. DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694584/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Figs. 4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D2E0F910FBA6F960" box="[1022,1051,1766,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,190,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-14@6.[197,1389,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Micrographs of the mericarpscross-sections.A) Heracleum crenatifolium; B) H.amanum;DV) dorsalvittae;CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694587/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D538F910FBF9F960" box="[1062,1092,1766,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1370,1391]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1342]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,190,1345]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Cross-sections of the mericarps under the light microscope of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). EN) endosperm; DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; P) commissural pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694589/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13642A33253F8135D550F910FBD0F960" box="[1102,1133,1766,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[136,229,2034,2055]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,281,2007]" captionTargetId="figure-70@8.[214,1373,281,2009]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of cross-sections of mericarps of Heracleum crenatifolium (A) and H. amanum (B). DV) dorsal vittae; CV) commissural vittae; EN) endosperm; P) pericarp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13694591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13694591/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">7B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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