197 lines
24 KiB
XML
197 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="53218F4FCEFF4096614ADE890658533F" ID-CLB-Dataset="66858" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6619785" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f64b039-c97e-4468-b122-fd7209b613d3" ID-ISBN="978-84-941892-3-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619785" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654545700444" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2016" docId="03E941211E4BFF71FA9DFD781B0D2334" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_6_Ochotonidae_0028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Ochotona roylii" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFD039591E47FF7CFFF3FFBB1F072251" masterDocTitle="Ochotonidae" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1699338949738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6AFC487BC5ACD86F699C355AEE89599A">
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<mods:title id="F1FAF436467B62D7B5CDFDE1CCC25FB5">Ochotonidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEC2C167A075586E0749895128E79D2B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2A22DC94E794B755E558AADD3C476C0B">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9311ED81E961E8EF1809C4B549CF435B">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="EADCDEDEEF168771A201E5A8E9CB3ACC">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8838BE1286CAC73C9708E6322FFFBE7D" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="7EEA0365CA2F15526200372C969E7C8C">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="9221D4214774B8487B9802A21ED761BF">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="84241068FB1C44EACE54C93328560F12">
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<mods:title id="EB38600A8821563A61E4E87CAF61240C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E941211E4BFF71FA9DFD781B0D2334" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195764609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E941211E4BFF71FA9DFD781B0D2334" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E941211E4BFF71FA9DFD781B0D2334" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA9DFD781AA020A4" box="[1390,1447,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA9DFD781AA020A4" blockId="12.[1387,2137,707,837]" box="[1390,1447,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4BFF70FA9DFD781AA020A4" box="[1390,1447,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<figureCitation id="137BECB21E4BFF70FA9DFD781AA020A4" box="[1390,1447,707,757]" captionStart="Plate 2: Ochotonidae" captionStartId="10.[125,155,3413,3434]" captionTargetBox="[13,2770,13,3644]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="15. Kazakh Pika (Ochotona opaca), 16. Silver Pika (Ochotona argentata), 17. American Pika (Ochotona princeps), 18. Collared Pika (Ochotona collaris), 19. Steppe Pika (Ochotona pusilla), 20. Large-eared Pika (Ochotona macrotis), 21. Royle’s Pika (Ochotona roylu), 22. Afghan Pika (Ochotona rufescens), 23. Forrest's Pika (Ochotona forrest), 24. Ladak Pika (Ochotona ladacensis), 25. Turkestan Red Pika (Ochotona rutila), 26. Kozlov’s Pika (Ochotona koslowi), 27. Chinese Red Pika (Ochotona erythrotis), 28. Glover’s Pika (Ochotona gloveri), 29. Ili Pika (Ochotona iliensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619863/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">21.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA4BFD7819A820A4" box="[1464,1711,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA4BFD7819A820A4" blockId="12.[1387,2137,707,837]" box="[1464,1711,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4BFF70FA4BFD7819A820A4" box="[1464,1711,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4BFF70FA4BFD7819A820A4" box="[1464,1711,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Royle’s Pika</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70F916FD7818F820A4" box="[1765,2047,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70F916FD7818F820A4" blockId="12.[1387,2137,707,837]" box="[1765,2047,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4BFF70F916FD7818F820A4" box="[1765,2047,707,757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F916FD7818F820A4" ID-CoL="7W4BD" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1765,2047,707,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70F916FD7818F820A4" box="[1765,2047,707,757]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Ochotona roylii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA9EFCBD18052112" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA9EFCBD175F214A" blockId="12.[1387,2137,707,837]" box="[1389,2136,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4BFF70FA9EFCBD175F214A" box="[1389,2136,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA9EFCBD1ABE214A" bold="true" box="[1389,1465,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4BFF70FA31FCBD1941214A" box="[1474,1606,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Pika de Royle</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70F9AFFCBD19B1214A" bold="true" box="[1628,1718,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4BFF70F932FCBD185D214A" box="[1729,1882,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Royle-Pfeifhase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70F89CFCBD18CD214A" bold="true" box="[1903,1994,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4BFF70F827FCBD175F214A" box="[2004,2136,774,795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Pica de Royle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA9EFC9518052112" blockId="12.[1387,2137,707,837]" box="[1389,1794,814,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0B7475B1E4BFF70FA9EFC9518052112" box="[1389,1794,814,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA9EFC9519632112" bold="true" box="[1389,1636,814,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="054380191E4BFF70F99DFC9518052112" box="[1646,1794,814,835]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Himalayan Pika</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70F83DFCD4151821C1" box="[1998,2591,879,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70F83DFCD4151821C1" blockId="12.[1998,2596,879,1305]" box="[1998,2591,879,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70F83DFCD4176E21C1" bold="true" box="[1998,2153,879,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F777FCD4151D21C1" ID-CoL="7VL85" authority="Ogilby, 1839" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1839" box="[2180,2586,879,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Lagomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">Lagomys roylii Ogilby, 1839</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70F83CFC20150921B1" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70F83CFC20150921B1" blockId="12.[1998,2596,879,1305]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<materialsCitation id="3B28FA6A1E4BFF70F83CFC20150921B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3803698313" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">“Choor Mountain [= Choor Chandni Peak],” Shimla Himachal Pradesh, India.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70F83DFC5E19F124F7" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70F83DFC5E19F124F7" blockId="12.[1998,2596,879,1305]" lastBlockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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According to DNA analysis,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F68FFC5E16EE2657" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[2428,2537,997,1030]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">O. roylii</taxonomicName>
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belongs to subgenus Conothoa. Some authors included
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F742FB87161D2604" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[2225,2330,1084,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">O. roylii</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F6BEFB8716E62604" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[2381,2529,1084,1109]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">O. macrotis</taxonomicName>
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, but morphological and DNA studies do not support this point of view. Taxon
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F646FB391704269A" authorityName="Feng" authorityYear="1973" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayana">himalayana</taxonomicName>
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was treated as a separate species, but it does not differ from the eastern race of
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F809FB4317742748" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1795" box="[2042,2163,1272,1305]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ochotona</taxonomicName>
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roylit. Some authors allocated chinensis (belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F952FA9A18322713" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[1697,1845,1313,1346]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">O. macrotis</taxonomicName>
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) to this species, but this was not supported by morphological and DNA data.
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F90BFAF318662738" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1784,1889,1352,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">O. roylii</taxonomicName>
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is often confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F749FAF316492738" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[2234,2382,1352,1385]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">O. macrotis</taxonomicName>
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, but these two species are mainly allopatric.
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F8D4FAD418EA27C1" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1831,2029,1391,1424]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">Ochotona roylii</taxonomicName>
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inhabits the western Himalaya, where it is common on southern mountain ranges and very rare in the Zanskar Range. In Ganges Basin, both species inhabit Himalaya but are segregated by elevation;
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70FA81FA5D1ADE2456" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1394,1497,1510,1543]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">O. roylii</taxonomicName>
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always occupies lower elevations. Together within several deep river gorges,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70FA81F9B61ADE247F" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1394,1497,1549,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">O. roylii</taxonomicName>
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penetrates the Tibetan Plateau.
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F85CF9B61775247F" baseAuthorityName="Ogilby" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1967,2162,1549,1582]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roylii">Ochotona roylii</taxonomicName>
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is common east to Arun River valley; further to the east,it is patchily distributed to western Sikkim. According to morphological study, it includes baltina,
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F84FF9E71750242C" authorityName="Feng" authorityYear="1973" box="[1980,2135,1628,1661]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayana">himalayana</taxonomicName>
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, hodgsonii, nepalensis, and ward.. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA9CF91719422512" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF3FA0BF1E4BFF70FA9CF91719422512" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6619839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6619839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6619839/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[1384,1975,888,1302]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA9CF91719F8249C" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" box="[1391,1791,1708,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA9CF91719F8249C" bold="true" box="[1391,1791,1708,1741]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA81F96016E024A5" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" box="[1394,2535,1755,1780]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70FA81F96016E024A5" authority="Ogilby, 1839" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1839" box="[1394,2535,1755,1780]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roylu" subSpecies="roylii">O.r.royliiOgilby,1839—WHimalayaEtoKaliGandakiRiver,NIndia,NWNepal.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA81F94219422512" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70FA81F9421816254B" authority="Hodgson, 1841" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" box="[1394,1809,1785,1818]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="roylu" subSpecies="nepalensis">O. r. nepalensis Hodgson, 1841</taxonomicName>
|
||
— E Himalaya E from Kali Gandaki River, NE Nepal, N India (Sikkim).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA9CF8F71AD02B15" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA9CF8F71AD02B15" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA9CF8F719722538" bold="true" box="[1391,1653,1868,1897]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 150-220 mm, ear 20-30 mm, hindfoot 23-36 mm; weight 130-200 g. Royle’s Pika is medium-sized. Dorsal fur is rufous or rufous brown, mixed with black hair tips. Some specimens have light patches behind ears. Ventral fur is whitish, sometimes with ocherous patches. Winter fur is longer and softer than during other seasons. Dorsal pelage is grayish brown or brown, mixed with white hair tips. Ears are large and rounded, with faint white margins. Skull is medium-sized, with widely confluent incisive and palatal foramens. A pair of foramens is usually situated on frontal bones, but this characteristic is not stable (e.g. eastern populations often lack these openings). Auditory bullae are medium-sized. Condylobasal lengths are 37-43 mm, skull widths are 20-23 mm, and skull heights are 15-16 mm. Royle’s Pika differs from the Large-eared Pika (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F6D0F76916B82AA2" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1875" box="[2339,2495,2258,2291]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrotis">O. macrotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by its rufous color, absence of contrast between forehead and cheeks, and light margins of ears.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA82F6F219802F15" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA82F6F2172D287E" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA82F6F21AE72B3B" bold="true" box="[1393,1504,2377,2410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Rocky habitats from upperforest to alpine areasat elevations of 2100-4500 m. Although microhabitat distribution of Royle’s Pika is strongly associated with rocks, it is not a true rock dweller, such as the Large-eared Pika. Royle’s Pika often uses manmade stone fences or debris-flow sediments mixed with colluvium; it uses very narrow crevices. Snow depth and duration of snow cover are limiting factors; snow cover in spring prevents temperature fluctuations in nests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA82F58E195628F7" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA82F58E197C2807" bold="true" box="[1393,1659,2613,2646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Royle’s Pikas feed on plants, preferring green leaves and flowers during warm periods, and they do not hoard hay. They eat a wide variety of plants but can be selective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA81F51019E7293A" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA81F5101AFF289D" bold="true" box="[1394,1528,2731,2764]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of Royle’s Pika starts in April and lasts 2-3 months. Adult female gives birth to one litter per year. Young Royle’s Pikas become fertile at 7-9 months of age. Each female gives birth to 1-5 young. Gestation is 28-30 days; neonates are covered with scarce fur and born with their eyes closed. Eyes open after 8-10 days. Lactation lasts 20-22 days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA82F4CB19E429B0" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA82F4CB196729C0" bold="true" box="[1393,1632,2928,2961]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Royle’s Pika is diurnal and easily visible. In summer and in open rocky habitats, it avoids midday heat. It spends more than one-half of its time feeding and moving aboveground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA81F45D19802F15" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA81F45D173F2E56" bold="true" box="[1394,2104,3046,3079]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Royle’s Pikas move openly among rocks or near rocky shelters in meadows. Continuous running and leaping is characteristic. Long posing on rocks is common. Average density is 1623 ind/km* in the western Himalaya and 1250 ind/km?in the eastern Himalaya. Home ranges of males and females overlap. Royle’s Pika is thought to be facultatively monogamous. Vocalizations are rare in the nominate subspecies and quite frequent in nepalensis. Known calls are simple whistles, probably reflecting emotional status of an individual. Royle’s Pika does not dig and uses natural hollows among rocks; however,it clears tunnels and entrances from soil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4BFF70FA87F2F619F92FC3" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4BFF70FA87F2F619F92FC3" blockId="12.[1390,2599,1313,3474]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4BFF70FA87F2F619DE2F3B" bold="true" box="[1396,1753,3405,3434]" pageId="12" pageNumber="40">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as both O. royliz and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C408BB41E4BFF70F9DAF2CE19F72FC3" authorityName="Feng" authorityYear="1973" box="[1577,1776,3445,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Ochotonidae" genus="Ochotona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayana">O. himalayana</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35AA3BC1E4AFF71FF35FE9E1B0D2334" pageId="13" pageNumber="41" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFFF0371E4AFF71FF35FE9E1B0D2334" blockId="13.[197,1400,293,360]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9342C251E4AFF71FF35FE9E1E58236F" bold="true" box="[198,351,293,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="41">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bhattacharyya et al. (2009, 2013, 2014), Feng Zuojian & Zheng Changlin (1985), Kawamichi (1971), Lissovsky (2014), Upadhyay & Bahuguna (2013), Yu Ning et al. (2000).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |