528 lines
63 KiB
XML
528 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="9DCD8C88372DA341CE2BE2589A4C7A35" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273730" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e25a94e0-1242-4df2-ace8-3f136a3255a3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273730" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459833919907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eguchi, Katsuyuki & Bui, Tuan Viet" docDate="2007" docId="03E5BC55FF8E997CFF15FABDFC10F9A9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01461p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1461" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parvimyrma Eguchi & Bui, 2007, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFDCC42DFF8F9979FF82FFFFFFF6FFFB" masterDocTitle="Parvimyrma gen. nov. belonging to the Solenopsis genus group from Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698223210880" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4D6809E93D46245933FA17D1FF897B63">
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<mods:title id="D33BADD6078100274327FF5BC9E9DFC0">Parvimyrma gen. nov. belonging to the Solenopsis genus group from Vietnam (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="77C7FD2EA552F034F988C887117F5D6D">Eguchi, Katsuyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CE58A21D89287C0B965782FDFA1E3ACC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5F5D9641C7D7CF34CE59A146274549E5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0C8403B0D9B9A0062BA5181A9B3B7A90">Bui, Tuan Viet</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="66416505387ABE1679553FB80B7E55E1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="20E5FE4040EA6EDE80926AB251FBB84D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5262750CD30EE5EA7F577CCFFA038B5E">
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<mods:date id="8CC28A694FCDB1DE70215FFC62ECE07F">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B342D6A2EB02E9DD5C4FD86C4F20AB6C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FC32F5D4A0A879E5C859AD5B26F75A04">1461</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8F36CCCF140BE4C0CACA2A0F213BC4B1">39</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B0F80D6853F6CDE1190A3A74A61165B3">47</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="12E192BF8E307CCC2CFBB3FDEC456E16">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F4E02A609DFBD84F5318CCE2F88ADFB9" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.273730</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A46E7DD43F55E6877A01ADC337792E20" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="30F001065124AB716861D0CD3C695FA4" type="Zenodo-Dep">273730</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E5BC55FF8E997CFF15FABDFC10F9A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6247697" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119358399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6247697" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5BC55FF8E997CFF15FABDFC10F9A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E5BC55FF8E997CFF15FABDFC10F9A9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C3565EC8FF8E9978FF15FABDFD2FFA5F" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8E9978FF15FABDFE54FAA7" blockId="1.[151,418,1346,1372]" box="[151,418,1346,1372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D0BBBA2FFF8E9978FF15FABDFE54FAA7" bold="true" box="[151,418,1346,1372]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FF15FABDFE54FAA7" bold="true" box="[151,418,1346,1372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8E9978FF15FABDFEDBFAA7" box="[151,301,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FF15FABDFEDBFAA7" bold="true" box="[151,301,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B6C2AFF8E9978FEB6FABDFE54FAA7" box="[308,418,1346,1372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8E9978FF15FA72FD2FFA5F" blockId="1.[151,729,1420,1444]" box="[151,729,1420,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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Type-species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8E9978FEADFA72FE03FA5F" box="[303,501,1421,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sangi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FEADFA72FE03FA5F" box="[303,501,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Parvimyrma sangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FE79FA73FDA7FA5F" bold="true" box="[507,593,1420,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B6C2AFF8E9978FE79FA73FDA7FA5F" box="[507,593,1420,1444]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(Figs. 1–10)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3565EC8FF8E997CFF15FA2AFC10F9A9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8E997BFF15FA2AFD79FE09" blockId="1.[151,1437,1493,2002]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FF15FA2AFE82FA14" bold="true" box="[151,372,1493,1519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Worker diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Monomorphic myrmicine ants with the following combination of characteristics.
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FAC6FA2AFAB7F9ED" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Frontal lobe in full-face view only partially concealing the toruli, not extending posteriorly as a frontal carina</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FAD3FA02FE93F9C5" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">antennal scrobe absent</emphasis>
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; posteromedian portion of clypeus narrowly inserted between frontal lobes;
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FB6BF9DAFE8AF992" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">median clypeal seta well developed</emphasis>
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; 1st paracarinal seta well developed; lateral portions of clypeus not forming a raised rim or shield wall in front of the antennal insertions; the position of anterior tentorial pit as in Fig. 4;
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FB67F987FF2CF942" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">mandible triangular,</emphasis>
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overlapping but not crossing over at full closure,
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FCBBF95FFA9BF942" box="[825,1389,1696,1721]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">with 5 distinct teeth on the masticatory margin</emphasis>
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but without any tooth/denticles on the basal margin; trulleum open; hypostoma with a conspicuous lateral tooth just mesal to each mandibular base; anterior margin of labrum broadly concave medially; palpal formula: maxillary 2 and labial 2; antenna 11-segmented, with a 2-segmented club (
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<figureCitation id="137711C6FF8E9978FC79F8E7FBB5F8C9" box="[1019,1091,1816,1842]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,461,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1386,450,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Parvimyrma sangi, worker — 6, paratype (slide-mounted), right antenna in ventral view; 7, holotype (point-mounted), mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; 8, paratype (slide-mounted), left foreleg in posterior view. as, antennal scape; sbt, seta on the posteroinner margin of fore basitarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273731/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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); the apical antennal segment elongated much more than the preapical segment; eye completely absent. Promesonotum low, in profile almost flat or very weakly convex dorsally, without conspicuous humerus;
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8E9978FBA3F897FEB9F852" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">promesonotal suture completely absent dorsally</emphasis>
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; mesosoma in dorsal view constricted between promesonotum and propodeum; metanotal groove relatively shallowly impressed dorsally; propodeum unarmed but with a narrow cuticular rim on each posterolateral corner of the dorsum; the rim running downward and connecting with metapleural lobe; each meso and metasternum without a conspicuous process;
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFCA8FF3FFB44FF22" box="[810,1202,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">metapleural lobes low and round</emphasis>
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; propodeal spiracle small, situated a little behind the midlength of the sides of propodeum; metapleural gland large. Fore basitarsus with a long and thick seta on the posteroinner margin (
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFCC2FEEFFC94FED2" box="[832,866,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">sbt</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="137711C6FF8D997BFC04FEEFFC3AFED1" box="[902,972,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[213,1375,461,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[201,1386,450,1941]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 8. Parvimyrma sangi, worker — 6, paratype (slide-mounted), right antenna in ventral view; 7, holotype (point-mounted), mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; 8, paratype (slide-mounted), left foreleg in posterior view. as, antennal scape; sbt, seta on the posteroinner margin of fore basitarsus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273731/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); meso and
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFBDBFEEFFAA8FED2" box="[1113,1374,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">metatibial spur absent</emphasis>
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. Petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with a distinct node; the peduncle with a small anteroventral process; postpetiole much shorter than petiole, in dorsal view a little broader than petiolar node, narrowly attached to the anteriormost end of gaster.
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFD8AFE77FDD8FE32" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Abdominal tergite IV (= gastral tergite I) broadly overlapping the sternite IV on the ventral surface of abdomen</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFDBCFE4FFCA8FE32" box="[574,862,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">gastral shoulder present</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFCF2FE4FFC7CFE32" box="[880,906,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">gs</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="137711C6FF8D997BFC30FE4FFC0FFE31" box="[946,1017,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURES 9, 10" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,205,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[200,1387,194,1731]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9, 10. Parvimyrma sangi, worker — 9, paratype (slide-mounted), the base of gaster in ventral view; 10, paratype (slide-mounted), the apex of gaster in profile. gs, gastral shoulder; st, sting." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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); sting poorly developed (
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFAB0FE4FFAB0FE32" box="[1330,1350,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">st</emphasis>
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in
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<figureCitation id="137711C6FF8D997BFAEFFE4FFF5EFE09" captionStart="FIGURES 9, 10" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,205,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[200,1387,194,1731]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9, 10. Parvimyrma sangi, worker — 9, paratype (slide-mounted), the base of gaster in ventral view; 10, paratype (slide-mounted), the apex of gaster in profile. gs, gastral shoulder; st, sting." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF3CFE27FD7FFE0A" box="[190,649,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Body smooth to very weakly sculptured</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF44FE00FC3CFD91" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF44FE00FEFAFDE2" bold="true" box="[198,268,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Notes</emphasis>
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. The characteristics highlighted above in italics are good grounds for placing
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFB17FDFFFADEFDE2" box="[1173,1320,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFB17FDFFFADEFDE2" box="[1173,1320,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFAADFE00FA6AFDE2" bold="true" box="[1327,1436,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20B6C2AFF8D997BFAADFE00FA6AFDE2" box="[1327,1436,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF65FDD7FE93FDBA" box="[231,357,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF65FDD7FE93FDBA" box="[231,357,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Solenopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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genus group (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFDE7FDD7FCF1FDB9" author="Bolton" box="[613,775,552,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 370 pp." type="book" year="2003">Bolton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). The morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFB96FDD7FB51FDBA" box="[1044,1191,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFB96FDD7FB51FDBA" box="[1044,1191,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, disagrees with the other known genera belonging to the genus group as follows.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FD87FB06FD19" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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1)
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF67FD87FEA8FD6A" box="[229,350,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Allomerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF67FD87FEA8FD6A" box="[229,350,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Allomerus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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— posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; eye quite well developed; palpal formula (PF) 3, 2; antenna with a 3-segmented club in which the proximal end of each segment forms a clear neck; promesonotum forming a dome (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFCF2FD37FBCCFD19" author="Ettershank" box="[880,1082,712,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFBC7FD37FB15FD19" author="Bolton" box="[1093,1251,712,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FD0FFF15FC79" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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2)
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF65FD0FFE76FCF2" box="[231,384,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anillomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF65FD0FFE76FCF2" box="[231,384,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Anillomyrma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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— masticatory margin of mandible with 3–4 teeth; mandibular blades crossing over at full closure; PF 2, 1; antenna 10-segmented, with a 3-segmented club; petiolar peduncle lacking an anteroventral process; postpetiole in dorsal view broadly attached to anterodorsal part of gaster; sting large (see
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFAC7FCBFFF20FC79" author="Bolton" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FC6FFB96FC01" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
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3)
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF67FC6FFE95FC52" box="[229,355,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Bondroitia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF67FC6FFE95FC52" box="[229,355,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Bondroitia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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— mandibular blades crossing over at full closure; antenna with a 3-segmented club; metapleural gland small and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle enormous, very close to margin of posterior face of propodeum; petiolar peduncle lacking an anteroventral process (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFC34FC1FFBA5FC01" author="Bolton" box="[950,1107,992,1018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FBF7FF15FB61" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF65FBF7FE82FBDA" box="[231,372,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF65FBF7FE82FBDA" box="[231,372,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Carebarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— median portion of clypeus sharply defined by a pair of lateral carinae and forming a raised, oblong, flat region; masticatory margin of mandible with 4 teeth; PF 1, 2; eye present (but poorly developed); metanotal groove deeply impressed on the dorsum of mesosoma (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFBE9FBA7FAC1FB89" author="Ettershank" box="[1131,1335,1112,1138]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFAC7FBA7FF20FB61" author="Bolton" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FB57FE01FAC1" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF6BFB57FE71FB3A" box="[233,391,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Diplomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF6BFB57FE71FB3A" box="[233,391,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Diplomorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— median portion of clypeus not suddenly raised; posteromedian portion of clypeus broadly inserted between frontal lobes; antenna with a weakly differentiated club of 3 segments; eye present and conspicuous; promesonotum convex but not flat; postpetiole very narrowly attached to gaster; sting well developed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFECFFADFFE1DFAC1" author="Bolton" box="[333,491,1312,1338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FAB7FE8EFA21" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF64FAB7FE9CFA9A" box="[230,362,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Epelysidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF64FAB7FE9CFA9A" box="[230,362,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Epelysidris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— anterior clypeal margin with a pair of stout triangular teeth; basal margin of mandible with two broad-based bluntly triangular lobes; PF 3, 2; antenna 12-segmented, with a strongly differentiated club consisting of 3 segments; eye present (but small); promesonotum strongly convex; sting long and strong (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFF4FFA3FFE9DFA21" author="Bolton" box="[205,363,1472,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47FA17FAEBF9D1" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
7)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF65FA17FE6BF9FA" box="[231,413,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Megalomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF65FA17FE6BF9FA" box="[231,413,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Megalomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— PF 4, 3 or 3, 2; antenna 12-segmented, with a 3-segmented club; eye well developed; metapleural lobes connected above by a distinct carina (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFC1FF9EFFB91F9D1" author="Ettershank" box="[925,1127,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFBF1F9EFFAE6F9D1" author="Bolton" box="[1139,1296,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47F9C7FD69F981" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
8)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF67F9C7FE73F9AA" box="[229,389,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF67F9C7FE73F9AA" box="[229,389,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Monomorium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— antennal club never of 2 segments; eye present (but reduced to a single ommatidium in the
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF62F99FFEA9F982" box="[224,351,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">fossulatum</emphasis>
|
||
-group) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFE77F99FFD64F981" author="Bolton" box="[501,658,1632,1658]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47F977FE25F931" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
9)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF67F977FEA2F95A" box="[229,340,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Nothidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF67F977FEA2F95A" box="[229,340,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Nothidris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— PF 4, 3; antenna 12-segmented, with a 3-segmented club; eye well developed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFACCF977FEEAF931" author="Ettershank" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFEAAF94FFE30F931" author="Bolton" box="[296,454,1712,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47F927FACBF8E1" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
10)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF77F927FE75F90A" box="[245,387,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oxyepoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF77F927FE75F90A" box="[245,387,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Oxyepoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— masticatory margin of mandible with 4 teeth; antenna with a 3-segmented club; eye well developed; propodeum with a pair of sharp angles or dents (propodeal spine) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFB11F8FFFAC6F8E1" author="Bolton" box="[1171,1328,1792,1818]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47F8D7FD2BF869" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
11)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF76F8D7FEA0F8BA" box="[244,342,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phacota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF76F8D7FEA0F8BA" box="[244,342,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Phacota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— masticatory margin of mandible with 4 teeth; eye present. The diagnosis of the genus is poor because the single specimen of the genus (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7B3E1FF8D997BFD78F8AFFC96F891" box="[762,864,1872,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of the single member,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFBF0F8AFFAC6F892" box="[1138,1328,1872,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Phacota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sichelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFBF0F8AFFAC6F892" box="[1138,1328,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Phacota sichelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) appears to have been lost or destroyed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFDB1F887FD26F869" author="Bolton" box="[563,720,1912,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8D997BFF47F85FFD97F819" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
12)
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8D997BFF76F85FFE62F842" box="[244,404,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8D997BFF76F85FFE87F842" box="[244,369,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Solenopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
masticatory margin of mandible at most with 4 teeth; antenna 9- or 10-segmented (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFF15F837FE97F819" author="Ettershank" box="[151,353,1992,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFEEFF837FDFEF819" author="Bolton" box="[365,520,1992,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (1987) A review of the Solenopsis genus-group and revision of Afrotropical Monomorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 54, 263 - 452." type="journal article" year="1987">Bolton, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8D997BFD96F837FDA2F819" author="Bolton" box="[532,596,1992,2018]" pageId="2" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 370 pp." type="book" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8C997AFF15F95DFEFBF8D8" blockId="3.[151,1436,1698,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFF15F95DFEBFF941" bold="true" box="[151,329,1698,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFED5F95DFDD2F942" box="[343,548,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFED5F95DFDD2F942" box="[343,548,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Parvimyrma sangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, worker — 1,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7B3E1FF8C997AFD58F95DFCC1F942" box="[730,823,1698,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(point-mounted), body in profile; 2,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7B3E1FF8C997AFB68F95DFAB0F942" box="[1258,1350,1698,1721]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(pointmounted), head in full-face view; 3,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7B3E1FF8C997AFDA0F93BFD88F920" box="[546,638,1732,1755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(slide-mounted), anterior part of head in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFB53F93AFB0BF927" box="[1233,1277,1733,1756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">labr</emphasis>
|
||
, labrum (anterior margin);
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFEA4F915FEB2F8FA" box="[294,324,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">ms</emphasis>
|
||
, median seta of clypeus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFDD7F915FD8CF8FA" box="[597,634,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">spp</emphasis>
|
||
, subpetiolar process;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFCE1F915FC75F8FA" box="[867,899,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">ten</emphasis>
|
||
, tentorium;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFB85F915FBEEF8FA" box="[1031,1048,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">tr</emphasis>
|
||
, trulleum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFB0DF915FB3CF8FA" box="[1167,1226,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">1st pcs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1st paracarinal seta of clypeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8C997DFF47F8ADFEC6FEA9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1874,2020]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,338]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The general habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFE5CF8ADFD86F890" box="[478,624,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFE5CF8ADFD86F890" box="[478,624,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to that of some members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFB08F8ADFB0DF890" box="[1162,1275,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFB08F8ADFB0DF890" box="[1162,1275,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because the concept of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFE11F885FDF2F868" box="[403,516,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFE11F885FDF2F868" box="[403,516,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was broadened by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8C997AFD6AF885FC4DF86F" author="Fernandez" box="[744,955,1914,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" refString="Fernandez, F. (2004) The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia, 26, 191 - 238." type="journal article" year="2004">Fernández (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the presence of a median clypeal seta is the only characteristic separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFDA9F85DFD4BF840" box="[555,701,1954,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFDA9F85DFD4BF840" box="[555,701,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFC89F85DFC8AF840" box="[779,892,1954,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFC89F85DFC8AF840" box="[779,892,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8C997AFC0FF85DFBA9F847" author="Fernandez" box="[909,1119,1954,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" refString="Fernandez, F. (2004) The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia, 26, 191 - 238." type="journal article" year="2004">Fernández (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subdivided
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFB76F85DFA93F840" box="[1268,1381,1954,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFB76F85DFA93F840" box="[1268,1381,1954,1979]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into three species complexes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFE46F835FDA5F818" box="[452,595,1994,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFE46F835FDA5F818" box="[452,595,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">C. concinna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997AFCCAF835FAF2F81F" authority="Ettershank, 1966" authorityName="Ettershank" authorityYear="1966" box="[840,1284,1994,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997AFCCAF835FC1EF818" box="[840,1000,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">Oligomyrmex</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8C997AFBBBF835FAF2F81F" author="Ettershank" box="[1081,1284,1994,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8C997DFA98F835FF4DFF4A" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escherichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8C997DFA98F835FF4DFF4A" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="3" pageNumber="42">C. escherichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFE33FF67FDDBFF4A" box="[433,557,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paedalgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFE33FF67FDDBFF4A" box="[433,557,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Paedalgus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8B997DFD02FF67FC51FF49" author="Bolton" box="[640,935,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. & Belshaw, R. (1993) Taxonomy and biology of the supposedly lestobiotic ant genus Paedalgus (Hym.: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 18, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">Bolton & Belshaw, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFC69FF67FB94FF4A" box="[1003,1122,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFC69FF67FB94FF4A" box="[1003,1122,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. lignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFADBFF67FE11FF21" authority="Ettershank, 1966" authorityName="Ettershank" authorityYear="1966" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFADBFF67FF38FF22" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8B997DFE9EFF3FFE11FF21" author="Ettershank" box="[284,487,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and furthermore, he considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFCEFFF3FFC06FF22" box="[877,1008,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Afroxyidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFCEFFF3FFC06FF22" box="[877,1008,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Afroxyidris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a monotypical genus established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8B997DFF15FF17FE3FFEF9" author="Belshaw" box="[151,457,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" refString="Belshaw, R. & Bolton, B. (1994) A new myrmicine ant genus from cocoa leaf litter in Ghana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History, 28, 631 - 634." type="journal article" year="1994">Belshaw & Bolton (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to be highly apomorphic within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFCCEFF17FC4BFEFA" box="[844,957,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFCCEFF17FC4BFEFA" box="[844,957,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Below we provide characteristics of the three species complex and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFE57FEEFFD97FED2" box="[469,609,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crigensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFE57FEEFFD97FED2" box="[469,609,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">C. crigensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFD09FEEFFC76FED2" box="[651,896,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Afroxyidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crigensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFD09FEEFFC76FED2" box="[651,896,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Afroxyidris crigensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which disagree with the worker diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFF15FEC7FEDCFEAA" box="[151,298,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFF15FEC7FEDCFEAA" box="[151,298,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8B997DFF15F872FBA9F817" blockId="4.[151,1436,1933,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFF15F872FEB7F85E" bold="true" box="[151,321,1933,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 4, 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8B997DFECAF871FDFBF85E" box="[328,525,1934,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFECAF871FDFBF85E" box="[328,525,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Parvimyrma sangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, worker — 4,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7B3E1FF8B997DFD24F872FCF4F85F" box="[678,770,1933,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(point-mounted), anterior part of head in anterodorsal view; 5,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F7B3E1FF8B997DFF15F84FFF05F83C" box="[151,243,1968,1991]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(slide-mounted), mouthparts in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFD66F84FFCF0F83C" box="[740,774,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">atp</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior tentorial pit;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFC7EF84FFBEEF83C" box="[1020,1048,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">lht</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral hypostomal tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFABFF84FFAA4F83C" box="[1341,1362,1968,1991]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">lp</emphasis>
|
||
, labial palp;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFF51F829FF02F816" box="[211,244,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">mp</emphasis>
|
||
, maxillary palp;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFE2BF829FE31F816" box="[425,455,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">ms</emphasis>
|
||
, median seta of clypeus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8B997DFD54F829FCE7F816" box="[726,785,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">1st pcs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1st paracarinal seta of clypeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FF67FBBDFF21" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF64FF67FE83FF4A" box="[230,373,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF64FF67FE83FF4A" box="[230,373,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. concinna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex — worker dimorphic, major worker with massive head and mesosomal segmentation relatively well developed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFD22FF3FFC9CFF21" author="Ettershank" box="[672,874,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFCF4FF3FFBC9FF21" author="Fernandez" box="[886,1087,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Fernandez, F. (2004) The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia, 26, 191 - 238." type="journal article" year="2004">Fernández, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FF17FD1FFEA9" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF65FF17FE73FEFA" box="[231,389,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escherichi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF65FF17FE73FEFA" box="[231,389,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. escherichi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex — eye present (but reduced to 1–4 ommatidia); antenna 8- or 9-segmented; dorsum of propodeum very short, followed by a long steep posterior slope; sting strongly developed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFF4FFEC7FE61FEA9" author="Ettershank" box="[205,407,312,338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFE21FEC7FD2BFEA9" author="Bolton" box="[419,733,312,338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. & Belshaw, R. (1993) Taxonomy and biology of the supposedly lestobiotic ant genus Paedalgus (Hym.: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 18, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1993">Bolton and Belshaw, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FE9FFAD8FE81" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" box="[197,1326,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF66FE9FFEACFE82" box="[228,346,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF66FE9FFEACFE82" box="[228,346,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. lignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex — antenna 9-segmented (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFC06FE9FFBB8FE81" author="Ettershank" box="[900,1102,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFBD8FE9FFAD4FE81" author="Fernandez" box="[1114,1314,352,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Fernandez, F. (2004) The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia, 26, 191 - 238." type="journal article" year="2004">Fernández, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FE77FC6DFE09" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF6BFE77FE8FFE5A" box="[233,377,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Afroxyidris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crigensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF6BFE77FE8FFE5A" box="[233,377,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. crigensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Mandible with two apical teeth followed by a long oblique edentate margin and a smaller basal tooth; median portion of clypeus with a transverse step; antenna 10-segmented, with a 2-segmented club; sting well developed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFDE4FE27FC78FE09" author="Belshaw" box="[614,910,472,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Belshaw, R. & Bolton, B. (1994) A new myrmicine ant genus from cocoa leaf litter in Ghana (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History, 28, 631 - 634." type="journal article" year="1994">Belshaw & Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FDFFFDE1FC79" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
We found one Indo-Chinese species (worker, queen and male) and one Indo-Malayan species (worker only) which agree well with the concept of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFD47FDD7FCCDFDBA" box="[709,827,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFD47FDD7FCCDFDBA" box="[709,827,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. lignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex despite the two species showing a critical diagnostic charasteristic of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFDE2FDAFFD2BFD92" box="[608,733,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFDE2FDAFFD2BFD92" box="[608,733,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group, i.e., a developed median clypeal seta present. The two species should be determined as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFD0FFD87FCFCFD6A" box="[653,778,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFD0FFD87FCFCFD6A" box="[653,778,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by following Bolton (1994), but they show a series of characteristics which is seen in the typical worker of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFC80FD5FFC81FD42" box="[770,887,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFC80FD5FFC81FD42" box="[770,887,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. lignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex: antenna 9-segmented, with a 2-segmented club; eye completely absent; the median portion of clypeus in profile roundly and strongly swollen; clypeal carina evanescent or absent; clypeal teeth completely absent; the masticatory margin of their mandible with the apical and two distinct subapical teeth which are followed by one to three much reduced teeth (5–6 teeth in total); promesonotum in profile rather flat dorsally; in alates radial cell completely closed (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFF15FC97FE97FC79" author="Ettershank" box="[151,353,872,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Ettershank, G. (1966) A generic revision of the world Myrmicinae related to Solenopsis and Pheidologeton. Australian Journal of Zoology, 14, 73 - 171." type="journal article" year="1966">Ettershank, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFEEFFC97FDFDFC79" author="Bolton" box="[365,523,872,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 370 pp." type="book" year="2003">Bolton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FC6FFBACFA49" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFF47FC6FFE60FC51" author="Fernandez" box="[197,406,912,938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Fernandez, F. (2004) The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Caldasia, 26, 191 - 238." type="journal article" year="2004">Fernández (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
examined a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFDB2FC6FFCB3FC52" box="[560,837,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anophthalma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFDB2FC6FFCB3FC52" box="[560,837,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Carebara anophthalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worker from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B4DD3FF8A997CFC69FC6FFBBBFC51" box="[1003,1101,912,938]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
having a developed median clypeal seta, but he concluded that it is a local variation (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFCACFC47FC1CFC2A" box="[814,1002,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anophthalma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFCACFC47FC1CFC2A" box="[814,1002,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">C. anophthalma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFB53FC47FA6AFC2A" box="[1233,1436,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFB53FC47FA6AFC2A" box="[1233,1436,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Carebara lignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex). Furthermore, recent molecular phylogenetic studies of ants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFBBEFC1FFADFFC01" author="Moreau" box="[1084,1321,992,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Moreau, C. S., Bell, C. D., Vila, R., Archibald, S. B. & Pierce, N. E. (2006) Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science, 312, 101 - 104." type="journal article" year="2006">Moreau et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD70B2FF8A997CFAB5FC1FFEF7FBD9" author="Brady" pageId="5" pageNumber="47" refString="Brady, S. G., Schultz, T. R., Fisher, B. L. & Ward, P. S. (2006) Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 103, 18172 - 18177. [www. pnas. org / cgi / doi / 10.1073 / pnas. 0605858103]." type="journal article" year="2006">Brady et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) do not support the monophyly of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFC9EFBF7FC4BFBD9" box="[796,957,1032,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFBA8FBF7FB51FBDA" box="[1066,1191,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFBA8FBF7FB51FBDA" box="[1066,1191,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group. These facts mean that the presence or absence of a median clypeal seta has been over-weighted in the classification of myrmicine ants. Because “lumping genera” seems to be a trend, it may be inevitable that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFB5DFBA7FAA6FB8A" box="[1247,1360,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFB5DFBA7FAA6FB8A" box="[1247,1360,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFAE2FBA7FF14FB62" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFAE2FBA7FF14FB62" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their neighboring taxa (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFD20FB7FFCC2FB62" box="[674,820,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFD20FB7FFCC2FB62" box="[674,820,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) will be combined into a single genus which may be too large and too heterogeneous. However, for the present, our opinions are as follows: 1) the proposition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF15FB2FFEDCFB12" box="[151,298,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF15FB2FFEDCFB12" box="[151,298,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFE2DFB2FFDDAFB12" box="[431,556,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFE2DFB2FFDDAFB12" box="[431,556,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus group is valid; 2) the two “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFC57FB2FFBB0FB12" box="[981,1094,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFC57FB2FFBB0FB12" box="[981,1094,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Carebara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like” species are tentatively treated as undetermined species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFD37FB07FCC4FAEA" box="[693,818,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFD37FB07FCC4FAEA" box="[693,818,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a comprehensive revision of Old World species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF15FADFFE95FAC2" box="[151,355,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lignata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF15FADFFE95FAC2" box="[151,355,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Carebara lignata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex is needed); 3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFD62FADFFC85FAC2" box="[736,883,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFD62FADFFC85FAC2" box="[736,883,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFBFFFADFFB0CFAC2" box="[1149,1274,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFBFFFADFFB0CFAC2" box="[1149,1274,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Solenopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the morphologically closest genus, by its 11-segmented antenna and its triangular mandible with 5 distinct teeth on the masticatory margin; 4) the concept of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFD62FA8FFC77FA71" box="[736,897,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Solenopsidini">Solenopsidini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the delimitation between its two genus groups are preserved because of its large practical value for descriptive taxonomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF30D43FF8A997CFF47FA3FFC10F9A9" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C76C0FF8A997CFF47FA3FFEA1FA22" box="[197,343,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Parvimyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938D151FF8A997CFF47FA3FFEA1FA22" box="[197,343,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Parvimyrma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from the other myrmicine genera known from the Indo-Chinese subregion by a combination of the following features: median clypeal seta well developed; posteromedian portion of clypeus narrowly inserted between frontal lobes; masticatory margin of mandible with 5 distinct teeth; antenna 11-segmented, with a 2-segmented club; eye completely absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |