treatments-xml/data/03/D1/87/03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297.xml

<document id="1B13F8E49F742E6510831708B66F041F" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2010.vol2010.iss100.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781375" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721357756026" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lowe, Graeme" docDate="2010" docId="03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.100.1-37.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 100 (100)" docSource="https://mds.marshall.edu/euscorpius/vol2010/iss100/1/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Vachoniolus gallagheri Lowe, 2010, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFE8FF8D734BFFFDFFF7FFDAD154571D" masterDocTitle="The genus Vachoniolus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1721380691060" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4036924A5BC3920AED3EA936B24C6B66">The genus Vachoniolus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Oman</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C784D607340FFF6FC5BFD95D59C5577" ID-CoL="7F99K" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" box="[940,1224,591,618]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallagheri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17340FFF6FC5BFD95D59C5577" bold="true" box="[940,1224,591,618]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Vachoniolus gallagheri</emphasis>
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,
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<paragraph id="8BC736E37340FFF6FCC8FDB4D4CA5598" blockId="11.[831,1438,591,645]" box="[831,1438,622,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="13432A667340FFF6FCC8FDB4D2945598" box="[831,960,622,645]" captionStart-0="Figures 30–37" captionStart-1="Figures 38–46" captionStart-2="Figures 47–56" captionStartId-0="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionStartId-1="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionStartId-2="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox-0="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetBox-1="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetBox-2="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." captionText-1="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." captionText-2="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figs. 30–56</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A667340FFF6FC3CFDB4D5445598" box="[971,1040,622,645]" captionStart="Figures 88–99" captionStartId="26.[192,278,1222,1245]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,178,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-123@26.[192,1439,168,1192]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 88–99: Pedipalp segments of Vachoniolus, species, viewed under UV fluorescence. 88–90, V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male; 91–93, V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male; 94–96, V. globimanus, male from Barik; 97–99, V. iranus, male from Iran. 88, 91, 94, 97: pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect; 89, 92, 95, 98: pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect; 90, 93, 96, 99: pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bar: 88–89, 99: 2.0 mm; 90: 2.4 mm; 91–92: 1.7 mm; 93, 96: 2.7 mm; 94–95: 2.1 mm; 97–98: 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781409/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">91–93</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A667340FFF6FBECFDB4D52F5598" box="[1051,1147,622,645]" captionStart="Figures 100–105" captionStartId="27.[192,278,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[239,1407,238,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-179@27.[192,1439,216,1035]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 100–105: Pedipalp finger dentition of Vachoniolus species in Oman. Each figure shows a sketch of the denticle patterns on the dentate margins of right fixed finger (left drawing), and right movable finger (right drawing). Position of internal fixed finger trichobothrium it is indicated. 100. V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male. 101. V. batinahensis, sp. nov., paratype female (al Abyad). 102. V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male. 103. V. gallagheri, sp. nov., paratype female (N of Adam). 104. V. globimanus, female (Marsawdad). 105. V. globimanus, male (Shigag)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781411/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">102–103</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A667340FFF6FB72FDB4D5B15598" box="[1157,1253,622,645]" captionStart="Figures 106–111" captionStartId="28.[192,278,857,880]" captionTargetBox="[202,1425,209,819]" captionTargetId="figure-208@28.[192,1439,192,827]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 106–111: Graphical illustration of variation in selected morphometric ratios of Vachoniolus. 106. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma I and relative length of pectine (metasoma I L/W vs. pectine L/ carapace L). 107. Scatter plot of variation in relative length of metasoma IV and slenderness of telson (metasoma IV L/ carapace L vs. telson L/W). 108. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma IV and relative proportion of pedipalp chela fixed finger (metasoma IV L/W vs. pedipalp chela fixed finger L/ manus L). 109. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma V and pedipalp femur (metasoma v L/W vs. pedipalp femur L/W). 110. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of pedipalp femur and patella (pedipalp femur L/W vs. pedipalp patella L/W). 111. Histogram plots showing distributions of the trichobothrial distance ratio (d5–e2)/(e2–e1) (data from both sexes). Vertical line is crossover point for d5 relative to e2. Note: each histogram bar represents the number of cases with ratio ≤ right abscissa tick mark; for V. globimanus, all data ≤ 0 are actually equal to 0 (i.e. no cases of d5 proximal to e2). The ratio distribution of V. batinahensis was significantly different from that of V. gallagheri (P = 0.0001), and the latter was also significantly different from that of V. globimanus (P = 4·10-6) (Mann-Whitney test). Color codes of all plots: green: V. batinahensis; yellow: V. gallagheri; magenta: V. globimanus; blue: V. iranus. Data in 106–110 from adults, in 111 from all ages." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781413/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">106–111</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A667340FFF6FB07FDB4D4045598" box="[1264,1360,622,645]" captionStart="Figures 146–148" captionStartId="33.[192,278,1756,1779]" captionTargetBox="[199,1438,1237,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-304@33.[180,1457,1218,1723]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Figures 146–148: Maps showing collection sites of Vachoniolus material examined in this study. 146. Records plotted on geopolitical map. Arrows: type localities for V. batinahensis and V. gallagheri, and approximate type locality of V. minipectenibus (= V. globimanus). 147. Records plotted on color topographic map with shaded relief. 148. Records plotted on terrain map obtained by satellite imagery. Green circles: V. batinahensis, sp. nov.; yellow circles: V. gallagheri, sp. nov.; magenta circles: V. globimanus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781427/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">146–148</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6FA03587340FFF6FAACFDB4D4CA5598" box="[1371,1438,622,645]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="29.[104,169,1653,1676]" captionText="Table 1: Summary of variation in selected adult morphometric ratios of both sexes for 3 species of Vachoniolus (ranges, mean ± SD, sample sizes in parentheses). Ratios with no significant sexual dimorphism (P&gt; 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) have been pooled for samples of both sexes. All ratios from adults, except for femur trichobothrial distance ratio, which includes immatures." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FC99FD72D59B5404" collectingDate="1995-09-17" collectionCode="UV, NHMB" collectorName="G. Lowe" country="Oman" elevation="420" latitude="22.519333" location="Adam" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.517334" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54C388417340FFF6FC99FD72D28455A2" box="[878,976,680,703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: adult 
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, 
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<collectingCountry id="F36F76737340FFF6FBBFFD72D5C755A2" box="[1096,1171,680,703]" name="Oman" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Oman</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
wadi N of 
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, near main road, 
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detection, sandy wadi, on sandy plain, 
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, 
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a.s.l.
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, 
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, 22:20 h, leg. 
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, 
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FC99FCFAD5FC5469" collectingDate="1981-10-08" collectionCode="GL" collectorName="M. D. Gallagher" country="Oman" latitude="21.25" location="Qarn Nihaydah" longLatPrecision="1264" longitude="56.916668" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54C388417340FFF6FC99FCFAD28E542A" box="[878,986,800,823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: 
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<collectingCountry id="F36F76737340FFF6FC1DFCFAD561542A" box="[1002,1077,800,823]" name="Oman" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Oman</collectingCountry>
:
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, near 
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, under stone, 
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, 
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, leg. 
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MDG 6280, 
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; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FB42FC87D43754F0" collectingDate="1994-03-01" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="M. D. Gallagher &amp; B. J. Tigar" country="Oman" elevation="200" latitude="23.483334" location="No." longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="55.866665" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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, 
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, 
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, ca. 
<locationDeviation id="9A752FC17340FFF6FC9EFCA1D56C548F" box="[873,1080,891,914]" location="Hafit" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FC9EFCA1D2E7548F" box="[873,947,891,914]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="57.0">57 km</quantity>
S of Hafit
</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingMethod id="52394EF47340FFF6FBBFFCA1D5DC548F" box="[1096,1160,891,914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">pitfall</collectingMethod>
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FB63FCA1D5E8548F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FB63FCA1D5E8548F" box="[1172,1212,891,914]" country="Oman" latitude="23.483334" longLatPrecision="1255" longitude="55.866665" name="No." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">No.</location>
11, sand with little vegetation except 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607340FFF6FBD1FC40D5D154AC" box="[1062,1157,922,945]" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17340FFF6FBD1FC40D5D154AC" box="[1062,1157,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Prosopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607340FFF6FB29FC40D47C54AC" box="[1246,1320,922,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17340FFF6FB29FC40D47C54AC" box="[1246,1320,922,945]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FABFFC40D4F454AC" box="[1352,1440,922,945]" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="23.483334">23°29'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FCC9FC62D2C254D2" box="[830,918,952,975]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="55.866665">55°52'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FC54FC62D57054D2" box="[931,1060,952,975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="200.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FC54FC62D2BD54D2" box="[931,1001,952,975]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, trap collected 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FB38FC62D43854D2" box="[1231,1388,952,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1994-03-01">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FB38FC62D43854D2" box="[1231,1388,952,975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1994-03-01">1 March 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FCC9FC0CD2BC54F0" box="[830,1000,982,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M.D. Gallagher</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FBF8FC0CD52F54F0" box="[1039,1147,982,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">B.J. Tigar</collectorName>
MDG 8592, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FAF8FC0CD43754F0" box="[1295,1379,982,1005]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">NHMB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FA98FC0CD4CB5311" collectionCode="UV" country="Oman" location="Ghabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-juvenile="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FA98FC0CD4CD54F0" box="[1391,1433,982,1005]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FCC9FC2FD2265311" box="[830,882,1013,1036]" count="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FC7CFC2FD5595311" box="[907,1037,1013,1036]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
, sandy wadi W of 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FAF9FC2FD4305311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FAF9FC2FD4305311" box="[1294,1380,1013,1036]" country="Oman" name="Ghabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ghabah</location>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FA8EFC2FD4CB5311" box="[1401,1439,1013,1036]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">UV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FCC9FBC9D2F053B9" collectingDate="1994-10-05" collectionCode="NHMB, GL" collectorName="G. Lowe &amp; M. D. Gallagher" country="Oman" elevation="185" latitude="21.398167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.159332" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
detection, low sand dunes with scrub, adjacent to sabkha, scorpions walking rapidly on sand in wind, near bases of bushes, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FC0DFB8AD526537A" box="[1018,1138,1104,1127]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="23.89" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="21.398167">21°23.89'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FB8BFB8AD5A1537A" box="[1148,1269,1104,1127]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="09.56" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.159332">57°09.56'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FAF5FB8AD4D0537A" box="[1282,1412,1104,1127]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="185.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FAF5FB8AD41C537A" box="[1282,1352,1104,1127]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="185.0">185 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FA64FB8AD2805398" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1994-10-05">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FA64FB8AD2805398" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1994-10-05">5 October 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FBF8FBB4D53A5398" box="[1039,1134,1134,1157]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">G. Lowe</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FB65FBB4D46A5398" box="[1170,1342,1134,1157]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M.D. Gallagher</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FABEFBB4D4C85398" box="[1353,1436,1134,1157]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">NHMB</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FCC9FB57D23353B9" box="[830,871,1165,1188]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14516" name="University of Glasgow" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="Herbarium">GL</collectionCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FC98FB57D2CE53B9" box="[879,922,1165,1188]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FC40FB57D51E53B9" box="[951,1098,1165,1188]" collectingDate="1994-10-05" collectionCode="FKCP" collectorName="G. Lowe &amp; M. D. Gallagher" country="Oman" elevation="185" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="21.398167" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.159332" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FC40FB57D2AE53B9" box="[951,1018,1165,1188]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">FKCP</collectionCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FBE5FB57D56B53B9" box="[1042,1087,1165,1188]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FBAAFB57D4CB53B9" box="[1117,1439,1165,1188]" collectionCode="UV" country="Oman" location="Adam" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FBAAFB57D5D853B9" box="[1117,1164,1165,1188]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, plain S of 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FAD3FB57D43C53B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FAD3FB57D43C53B9" box="[1316,1384,1165,1188]" country="Oman" name="Adam" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Adam</location>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FA8EFB57D4CB53B9" box="[1401,1439,1165,1188]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">UV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FCC9FB71D41753E2" collectingDate="1995-09-16" collectionCode="ONHM" collectorName="G. Lowe &amp; J. Dundon" country="Oman" elevation="250" latitude="22.102667" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.449333" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
detection, open ground, silty gravel plain, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FAD0FB71D4F453DF" box="[1319,1440,1195,1218]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="06.16" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="22.102667">22°06.16'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FCC9FB10D2E353FC" box="[830,951,1226,1249]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="26.96" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.449333">57°26.96'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FC3EFB10D50653FC" box="[969,1106,1226,1249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="250.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FC3EFB10D54753FC" box="[969,1043,1226,1249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FB92FB10D41153FC" box="[1125,1349,1226,1249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-16">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FB92FB10D41153FC" box="[1125,1349,1226,1249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-16">16 September 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 19:00– 20:00 h, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FC2DFB32D56953E2" box="[986,1085,1256,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">G. Lowe</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FB9EFB32D58B53E2" box="[1129,1247,1256,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">J. Dundon</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB19FB32D41753E2" box="[1262,1347,1256,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">ONHM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FAA4FB32D45E5203" collectionCode="UV" country="Oman" location="Ghabah" municipality="Adam" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-juvenile="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FAA4FB32D4D453E2" box="[1363,1408,1256,1279]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FA64FB32D2C35203" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
, between 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FBF9FADDD5355203" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FBF9FADDD5355203" box="[1038,1121,1287,1310]" country="Oman" municipality="Adam" name="Ghabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ghabah</location>
&amp; 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3AC997340FFF6FB78FADDD5875203" box="[1167,1235,1287,1310]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Adam</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB14FADDD45E5203" box="[1251,1290,1287,1310]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">UV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FAE0FADDD526528A" collectingDate="1995-09-16" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="G. Lowe &amp; J. Dundon" country="Oman" elevation="250" latitude="22.159" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.502666" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
detection on sand, sandy wadi on open gravel plain with trees and bushes, large solifuges common, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FB54FA99D4485247" box="[1187,1308,1347,1370]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="09.54" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="22.159">22°09.54'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FAD4FA99D4CF5247" box="[1315,1435,1347,1370]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="30.16" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.502666">57°30.16'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FCC9FAB8D2EA5264" box="[830,958,1378,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="250.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FCC9FAB8D2D65264" box="[830,898,1378,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FC3CFAB8D5F45264" box="[971,1184,1378,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-16">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FC3CFAB8D5F45264" box="[971,1184,1378,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-16">16 September 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 22:00–23:00 h, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FA71FAB8D22F528A" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">G. Lowe</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FC56FA5AD547528A" box="[929,1043,1408,1431]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">J. Dundon</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FBE8FA5AD526528A" box="[1055,1138,1408,1431]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">NHMB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FB88FA5AD47052AB" collectionCode="UV" country="Oman" location="Nizwa" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FB88FA5AD5FC528A" box="[1151,1192,1408,1431]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FB40FA5AD5B5528A" box="[1207,1249,1408,1431]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, sandy wadi S of 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FCC9FA45D2D052AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FCC9FA45D2D052AB" box="[830,900,1439,1462]" country="Oman" name="Nizwa" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Nizwa</location>
roundabout, near main road, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB09FA45D47052AB" box="[1278,1316,1439,1462]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">UV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FACFFA45D43752EF" collectingDate="1995-09-17" collectionCode="NHMB, FKCP" collectorName="G. Lowe" country="Oman" elevation="380" latitude="22.740166" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.556168" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
detection, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FCC9FA67D2EC52C9" box="[830,952,1469,1492]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="44.41" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="22.740166">22°44.41'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FC3DFA67D51752C9" box="[970,1091,1469,1492]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="33.37" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.556168">57°33.37'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FBAFFA67D5BE52C9" box="[1112,1258,1469,1492]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="380.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FBAFFA67D5F352C9" box="[1112,1191,1469,1492]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="380.0">380 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FAF5FA67D22252EF" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-17">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FAF5FA67D22252EF" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-17">17 September 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, 20:30 h, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FBE6FA01D52652EF" box="[1041,1138,1499,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">G. Lowe</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB89FA01D58552EF" box="[1150,1233,1499,1522]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">NHMB</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB2BFA01D44B52EF" box="[1244,1311,1499,1522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">FKCP</collectionCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FAC6FA01D40C52EF" box="[1329,1368,1499,1522]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FA87FA01D5E3510C" collectingDate="1995-09-17" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="G. Lowe" country="Oman" elevation="420" latitude="22.519333" location="Adam" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.517334" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FA87FA01D4CD52EF" box="[1392,1433,1499,1522]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB93FA20D5E3510C" box="[1124,1207,1530,1553]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">NHMB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FB32FA20D2305132" collectionCode="UV" country="Oman" location="Ghabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FB32FA20D5BB510C" box="[1221,1263,1530,1553]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FB08FA20D406510C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FB08FA20D406510C" box="[1279,1362,1530,1553]" country="Oman" name="Ghabah" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ghabah</location>
North, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FCC9F9C2D2305132" box="[830,868,1560,1583]" country="Colombia" name="Departamento de Biologia de la Universidad del Valle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">UV</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FC83F9C2D4095197" collectingDate="1995-09-29" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="G. Lowe &amp; M. D. Gallagher" country="Oman" elevation="100" latitude="21.393833" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.160667" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
detection, active on ground, gravelly and sandy wadi, firm substrate, area of small wadis with shrubs, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FCC9F98FD2EC5171" box="[830,952,1621,1644]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="23.63" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="21.393833">21°23.63'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FC3DF98FD5165171" box="[970,1090,1621,1644]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="09.64" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.160667">57°09.64'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FBAFF98FD5BE5171" box="[1112,1258,1621,1644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="100.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FBAFF98FD5F35171" box="[1112,1191,1621,1644]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FAF5F98FD2225197" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-29">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FAF5F98FD2225197" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1995-09-29">29 September 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FC4EF9A9D5485197" box="[953,1052,1651,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">G. Lowe</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FBBFF9A9D5AC5197" box="[1096,1272,1651,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M.D. Gallagher</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FAFFF9A9D4095197" box="[1288,1373,1651,1674]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">MNHN</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FA9BF9A9D44851DA" collectingDate="1996-02-20" collectionCode="ONHM" collectorName="A. S. Gardner" country="Oman" latitude="20.715666" location="Saiwan" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.616" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FA9BF9A9D4CD5197" box="[1388,1433,1651,1674]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FCC9F948D2DB51B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FCC9F948D2DB51B4" box="[830,911,1682,1705]" country="Oman" latitude="20.715666" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.616" name="Saiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Saiwan</location>
, rudist outcrop, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FB91F948D5B451B4" box="[1126,1248,1682,1705]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="42.94" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="20.715666">20°42.94'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FB03F948D43851B4" box="[1268,1388,1682,1705]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="36.96" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.616">57°36.96'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FA72F948D2B651DA" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1996-02-20">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FA72F948D2B651DA" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1996-02-20">20 February 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FBD4F96AD5EC51DA" box="[1059,1208,1712,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">A.S. Gardner</collectorName>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB30F96AD44851DA" box="[1223,1308,1712,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">ONHM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FADCF96AD443503F" collectingDate="1996-03-19" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="J. Dundon" country="Oman" elevation="150" latitude="21.762333" location="Ghabah North area" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.2885" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FADCF96AD4C851DA" box="[1323,1436,1712,1735]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
, 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FCC9F915D57451FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FCC9F915D57451FB" box="[830,1056,1743,1766]" country="Oman" latitude="21.762333" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="57.2885" name="Ghabah North area" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ghabah North area</location>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A752FC17340FFF6FBC2F915D59451FB" box="[1077,1216,1743,1766]" location="Adam" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">S of Adam</locationDeviation>
, in a sandy wadi, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FCC9F937D2EC5019" box="[830,952,1773,1796]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="45.74" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="21.762333">21°45.74'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FC32F937D56A5019" box="[965,1086,1773,1796]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="17.31" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="57.2885">57°17.31'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FBB8F937D5835019" box="[1103,1239,1773,1796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="150.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FBB8F937D5CD5019" box="[1103,1177,1773,1796]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FB1DF937D4C85019" box="[1258,1436,1773,1796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1996-03-19">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FB1DF937D4C85019" box="[1258,1436,1773,1796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1996-03-19">19 March 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
, 20:30–21:15 h, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FBEFF8D1D5D2503F" box="[1048,1158,1803,1826]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">J. Dundon</collectorName>
117, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB33F8D1D443503F" box="[1220,1303,1803,1826]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1d5a-4efs" name="Natural History Museum Bucharest" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">NHMB</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B103CBE7340FFF6FAD3F8D1D46D5063" collectingDate="1997-10-20" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="M. D. Gallagher &amp; I. D. Harrison" country="Oman" elevation="250" latitude="22.166666" location="Barzaman" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="58.05" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7340FFF6FAD3F8D1D419503F" box="[1316,1357,1803,1826]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FAABF8D1D4F4503F" box="[1372,1440,1803,1826]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
S of 
<location id="8EA760387340FFF6FC88F8F0D2BA505C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187F57340FFEFFC5BFD95D0475297:8EA760387340FFF6FC88F8F0D2BA505C" box="[895,1006,1834,1857]" country="Oman" latitude="22.166666" longLatPrecision="1261" longitude="58.05" name="Barzaman" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Barzaman</location>
, soft sand in grassy hollow, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FABFF8F0D4F4505C" box="[1352,1440,1834,1857]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="22.166666">22°10'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50247340FFF6FCC9F892D2C15042" box="[830,917,1864,1887]" degrees="58" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" precision="925" value="58.05">58°03'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0055D1D07340FFF6FC5CF892D56F5042" box="[939,1083,1864,1887]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="250.0">
<quantity id="4C809B067340FFF6FC5CF892D2A35042" box="[939,1015,1864,1887]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<date id="FFC610237340FFF6FBA5F892D44F5042" box="[1106,1307,1864,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1997-10-20">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9CB7340FFF6FBA5F892D44F5042" box="[1106,1307,1864,1887]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" value="1997-10-20">20 October 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FA9FF892D2F35063" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">M.D. Gallagher</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="268D53357340FFF6FC3DF8BDD5035063" box="[970,1111,1895,1918]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">I.D. Harrison</collectorName>
MDG 8887, 
<collectionCode id="ED69AE267340FFF6FB11F8BDD46D5063" box="[1254,1337,1895,1918]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">BMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF07666B7347FFF1FF37FA89D2265286" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" startId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" targetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37347FFF1FF37FA89D2265286" blockId="12.[192,1440,1363,1435]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FF37FA89D0385277" bold="true" box="[192,364,1363,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figures 30–37:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FE80FA8FD3305277" box="[375,612,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607347FFF1FE80FA8FD3345277" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" box="[375,608,1365,1386]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallagheri" status="sp. nov.">Vachoniolus gallagheri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FD99FA8FD3935277" bold="true" box="[622,711,1365,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F578A7347FFF1FD99FA8FD3955277" box="[622,705,1365,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
holotype male (
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FC86FA8FD2F95277" bold="true" box="[881,941,1365,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">30–33</emphasis>
) and paratype female from N of Adam (
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FAA1FA8FD4C65277" bold="true" box="[1366,1426,1365,1386]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">34–37</emphasis>
). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FD9CFAB4D3BB529E" bold="true" box="[619,751,1390,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">30–31, 34–35</emphasis>
) or UV fluorescence (
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FC3EFAB4D519529E" bold="true" box="[969,1101,1390,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">32–33, 36–37</emphasis>
). 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FB96FAB4D5B8529E" bold="true" box="[1121,1260,1390,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">30, 32, 34, 36.</emphasis>
Dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FA75FAB4D0725286" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">31, 33, 35, 37.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36265687347FFF1FF37FA0AD5CC51E6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37347FFF1FF37FA0AD5CC51E6" blockId="12.[192,802,1488,1910]" lastBlockId="12.[830,1441,1488,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FF37FA0AD07A52FA" bold="true" box="[192,302,1488,1511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Small to medium sized 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607347FFF1FDBCFA0AD38452FA" box="[587,720,1488,1511]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FDBCFA0AD38452FA" box="[587,720,1488,1511]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Vachoniolus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adults 
<quantity id="4C809B067347FFF1FF37FA35D06C511B" box="[192,312,1519,1542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 mm</quantity>
, uniform pale yellow without melanic pigmentation on metasoma and telson (
<figureCitation id="13432A667347FFF1FDB4F9D4D2465138" box="[579,786,1550,1573]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figs. 30–31, 34–35</figureCitation>
); tergites smooth in females, finely shagreened in males, with coarser granulation along posterior margins; positions of obsolete lateral carinae of tergites III–VI marked posteriorly by single granule; metasomal segments relatively stout (
<figureCitation id="13432A667347FFF1FE1DF97DD32751A3" box="[490,627,1703,1726]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figs. 45–46</figureCitation>
), L/W ratios: I 1.25–1.33, II 1.48–1.65, III 1.60–1.85, IV 2.00–2.31, V 2.22–2.64; metasoma I–II with dorsolateral surfaces smooth; dorsosubmedian carinae on metasoma II–III weak, with widely spaced granules separated by two or more granule lengths; ventrosubmedian carinae of metasoma II–III crenulate to dentate, armed with moderate to large, closely spaced dentate granules, 4–8 granules on posterior half of carina; telson with moderately long aculeus, vesicle L/ telson L 0.45–0.52; pedipalp femur with trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FB26F9F6D58A515E" box="[1233,1246,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A67347FFF1FB29F9EDD5B3515B" attach="left" box="[1246,1255,1591,1606]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">5</subScript>
usually distal to 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FCC9F991D21E517F" box="[830,842,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A67347FFF1FCBDF98FD2075179" attach="left" box="[842,851,1621,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">2</subScript>
, distance ratio (
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FBF7F991D559517F" box="[1024,1037,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A67347FFF1FBFAF98FD5415179" attach="left" box="[1037,1045,1621,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">5</subScript>
– 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FBD4F991D57B517F" box="[1059,1071,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A67347FFF1FBD8F98FD56C5179" attach="left" box="[1071,1080,1621,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">2</subScript>
)/(
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FBA6F991D509517F" box="[1105,1117,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A67347FFF1FBAAF98FD5315179" attach="left" box="[1117,1125,1621,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">2</subScript>
– 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FB84F991D52B517F" box="[1139,1151,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A67347FFF1FB89F98FD5D35179" attach="left" box="[1150,1159,1621,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
) median value 0.25 (
<figureCitation id="13432A667347FFF1FA9CF991D20E519C" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A667347FFF1FC9FF9B0D2C7519C" box="[872,915,1642,1665]" captionStart="Figures 106–111" captionStartId="28.[192,278,857,880]" captionTargetBox="[202,1425,209,819]" captionTargetId="figure-208@28.[192,1439,192,827]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 106–111: Graphical illustration of variation in selected morphometric ratios of Vachoniolus. 106. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma I and relative length of pectine (metasoma I L/W vs. pectine L/ carapace L). 107. Scatter plot of variation in relative length of metasoma IV and slenderness of telson (metasoma IV L/ carapace L vs. telson L/W). 108. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma IV and relative proportion of pedipalp chela fixed finger (metasoma IV L/W vs. pedipalp chela fixed finger L/ manus L). 109. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma V and pedipalp femur (metasoma v L/W vs. pedipalp femur L/W). 110. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of pedipalp femur and patella (pedipalp femur L/W vs. pedipalp patella L/W). 111. Histogram plots showing distributions of the trichobothrial distance ratio (d5–e2)/(e2–e1) (data from both sexes). Vertical line is crossover point for d5 relative to e2. Note: each histogram bar represents the number of cases with ratio ≤ right abscissa tick mark; for V. globimanus, all data ≤ 0 are actually equal to 0 (i.e. no cases of d5 proximal to e2). The ratio distribution of V. batinahensis was significantly different from that of V. gallagheri (P = 0.0001), and the latter was also significantly different from that of V. globimanus (P = 4·10-6) (Mann-Whitney test). Color codes of all plots: green: V. batinahensis; yellow: V. gallagheri; magenta: V. globimanus; blue: V. iranus. Data in 106–110 from adults, in 111 from all ages." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781413/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">111</figureCitation>
); pedipalp patella neobothriotaxic with 8 trichobothria on external surface (
<figureCitation id="13432A667347FFF1FB9AF952D5A65182" box="[1133,1266,1672,1695]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figs. 50–51</figureCitation>
); pedipalp chela manus smooth in females, finely granulated on internal, dorsal and dorsolateral surface in males; tibial spurs present or absent on legs III–IV.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36265687347FFF0FCC9F8F8D025547F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37347FFF0FCC9F8F8D31A57E0" blockId="12.[830,1440,1826,1910]" lastBlockId="13.[192,801,199,253]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17347FFF1FCC9F8F8D2ED5024" bold="true" box="[830,953,1826,1849]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Michael D. Gallagher for his many enduring contributions to the natural history of 
<collectingCountry id="F36F76737347FFF1FB17F885D470506B" box="[1248,1316,1887,1910]" name="Oman" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Oman</collectingCountry>
, including collecting a large part of the materials for the author’s study of the scorpion fauna of 
<collectingCountry id="F36F76737346FFF0FDF1FF3CD31F57E0" box="[518,587,230,253]" name="Oman" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Oman</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FF37FEF9D025547F" blockId="13.[192,802,291,866]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FF37FEF9D0035627" bold="true" box="[192,343,291,314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Comparisons</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607346FFF0FE86FEF9D3765627" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" box="[369,546,291,314]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="batinahensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FE86FEF9D3765627" box="[369,546,291,314]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. batinahensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FDC2FEF9D3CD5627" bold="true" box="[565,665,291,314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F578A7346FFF0FDC2FEF9D3CD5627" box="[565,665,291,314]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, differs as follows: larger average size, 2–3 granules on lateral carinae of tergites III–VI; weaker dentition on ventrosubmedian carinae of metasoma II–III; pedipalp patella with 7 trichobothria on external surface; pedipalp chela manus smooth; tibial spurs always present on legs III– IV; 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607346FFF0FF1DFE01D0D156EF" authorityName="Levy, Amitai et Shulov" authorityYear="1973" box="[234,389,475,498]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globimanus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FF1DFE01D0D156EF" box="[234,389,475,498]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. globimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs as follows: larger average size, males with shagreened tergites, finer and more dense dentition on metasomal carinae, more slender metasoma, male pedipalp chela manus smooth except for dorsointernal margin; male 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607346FFF0FE45FD8CD3C55570" authority="Navidpour" authorityName="Navidpour" box="[434,657,598,621]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iranus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FE45FD8CD3425570" box="[434,534,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">V. iranus</emphasis>
Navidpour
</taxonomicName>
et. al., 2008, differs as follows: melanic pigmentation on carapace, pedipalp femur and patella; 2–3 granules on lateral carinae of tergites III–VI; coarsely dentate-granulate dorsosubmedian carinae on metasoma II–III; granulate dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces on metasoma I–V; enlarged bicuspid granule on mid-internal surface of pedipalp femur; more robust dorsointernal carina on pedipalp patella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36265687346FFEFFF37FC53D312545E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FF37FC53D05654A3" blockId="13.[192,802,905,958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FF37FC53D05654A3" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
Description (
<typeStatus id="54C388417346FFF0FEACFC53D0EB54BD" box="[347,447,905,928]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male unless otherwise specified).
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FF37FC3ED24C536B" blockId="13.[192,802,996,1142]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FF37FC3ED06F54E6" bold="true" box="[192,315,996,1019]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FEA7FC3ED08254E6" box="[336,470,996,1019]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figs. 30–31</figureCitation>
). Body and appendages uniform pale yellow; melanic pigment on carapace under median and lateral eyes; denticles on fingers of chelicerae and pedipalp chelae, articular condyles of pedipalp movable finger, and telson aculeus castaneous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FF37FB46D0145004" blockId="13.[192,803,1180,1817]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FF37FB46D07A53AE" bold="true" box="[192,302,1180,1203]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Carapace</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FEB5FB46D0C353AE" box="[322,407,1180,1203]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). Subrectangular, 1.12 times wider than long, anterior inter-ocular width 0.47 times posterior width; surface convex with lateral flanks moderately sloped; anterior margin with weak median convexity, posterior margin nearly straight; moderately coarse to fine granulation of variable density on most of carapace; coarse granules on anterior inter-ocular area between lateral eyes, inner margins of lateral eyes, along anterior margin of carapace, and behind median eyes; anterior lateral, lateral and posterior areas around median ocular tubercle smooth, lustrous; lateral flanks of carapace with medium to fine granulation; posterior median sulcus finely shagreened, adjacent lateral surfaces smooth; median posterior margin of carapace bordered by strip of dense, fine granulation; median eyes large, ocular tubercle prominent, wide, inter-ocular distance equal to two ocular diameters; 4 lateral eyes on each side, anterior 3 ocelli equal in size, 4 
<superScript id="7C0D9BAB7346FFF0FD4CF97AD39C51B2" attach="left" box="[699,712,1696,1711]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">th</superScript>
ocellus reduced; single median pair of short reddish macrosetae on anterior margin, carapace otherwise devoid of macrosetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FF37F8E5D588541B" blockId="13.[192,802,1855,1909]" lastBlockId="13.[830,1441,199,774]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FF37F8E5D35C504B" bold="true" box="[192,520,1855,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
Chelicera (
<typeStatus id="54C388417346FFF0FEBCF8E5D0E7504B" box="[331,435,1855,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
male)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FDD0F8E5D3EE504B" box="[551,698,1855,1878]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figs. 39–40</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of manus smooth, convex, lustrous with dense subapical transverse band of small granules; dorsointernal carina at base of fixed finger with larger dentate granules; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FC45FEDED5725606" box="[946,1062,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: two short pale macrosetae on apical margin of manus; long reddish macroseta on dorsointernal carina; movable finger smooth, without macrosetae, ventral surface of manus smooth, with numerous long, fine microsetae on middle and internal surfaces, more dense on interior aspect, extending dorsally to base of fixed finger; ventral surfaces of fixed and movable fingers with dense brush of microsetae; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FCC9FE20D2C9550C" box="[830,925,506,529]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">dentition</emphasis>
: fingers with normal buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963; Sissom, 1990); fixed finger with large distal tine, smaller subdistal denticle and large proximal bicusp; two large denticles on ventral surface, proximal denticle smaller than distal; movable finger with large dorsal and ventral distal tines; dorsal margin of movable finger with two large triangulate denticles and two small proximal denticles; ventral margin armed with two robust denticles, proximal smaller than distal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FCC9FCF6D2C75212" blockId="13.[830,1441,812,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FCC9FCF6D557545E" bold="true" box="[830,1027,812,835]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Coxosternal area</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FBE3FCF6D5CE545E" box="[1044,1178,812,835]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figs. 31, 33</figureCitation>
). Coxal surfaces mostly smooth, lustrous, with scattered fine granulation; coxa I with coarsely granular endite and anteromedian carina, finely granulate distal margin; coxa II with coarsely granular anterior carina, finely granular endite and distal margin; coxae III–IV with anterior carina weak, with medium to fine granules; coxa III with sparse small granules on surface, distal margin finely denticulate; coxa IV surface and distal margin smooth, posterior margin finely shagreened in basal half; anterior margin with 3 macrosetae on coxa II, 3–4 macrosetae on coxa III; coxa IV with single basal macroseta; sternum subpentagonal with deep postero-median excavation, sparsely shagreened, bearing 2 macrosetae; genital opercula smooth, with 3 macrosetae; genital papillae present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFF0FCC9FAECD5E8517C" blockId="13.[830,1440,1334,1633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FCC9FAECD2CF5250" bold="true" box="[830,923,1334,1357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Pectines</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FC4FFAECD5025250" box="[952,1110,1334,1357]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figs. 31, 33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FB98FAECD5D95250" box="[1135,1165,1334,1357]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">56</figureCitation>
). Basal piece smooth, rectangular, with deep anterior median notch; pectines moderately long, tips extending to basal third of trochanter IV; pectines with 3 marginal lamellae, 7–8 middle lamellae, 18–19 teeth; pectine teeth elongate, nearly uniform in size; marginal lamellae, middle lamellae and fulcra with numerous short, reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 7–11 setae; basal teeth not overlapping when anterior margins of pectines align with posterior margins of coxae IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37346FFEDFCC9F95DD04F5532" blockId="13.[830,1440,1671,1909]" lastBlockId="16.[192,802,199,559]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FCC9F95DD2E25183" bold="true" box="[830,950,1671,1694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A667346FFF0FC3EF95DD5045183" box="[969,1104,1671,1694]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figs. 30–33</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17346FFF0FB91F95DD5E95183" box="[1126,1213,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Tergites</emphasis>
: pretergites smooth, lustrous; median carina obsolete on tergite I, very weak on II–IV, weak on V–VI; tergites I–VI with lateral carinae obsolete, marked near posterior margin by single enlarged granule; tergite VII with weak median hump, inner lateral carinae very weak, marked by row of granules, outer lateral carinae obsolete; posterior margins of all tergites nearly straight, smooth; tergites I–VI densely, finely, uniformly shagreened, with series of small granules along posterior margins; tergite V finely shagreened or smooth medially, sparsely granulated laterally; all tergites devoid of macrosetae, lateral margins microdenticulate. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FB81F89FD5875041" box="[1142,1235,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Sternites</emphasis>
: sternites III–VI smooth, lustrous, lacking carinae; sternite III with anterior lateral areas finely shagreened; sternite VII with weak, smooth, nearly obsolete paired median carinae and weak, smooth to faintly granulose paired lateral carinae, intercarinal surfaces smooth; sternites III–VI with postero-medial margins smooth, postero-lateral and lateral margins finely denticulate; sternite VII with nearly smooth posterior margin, denticulate lateral margins. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFED3FF3CD0C957E0" box="[292,413,230,253]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: sternite III with 7 short macrosetae in medial area, IV–VI with paired medial macrosetae, VII with one pair of macrosetae on median carinae, one pair on lateral carinae, one pair on anterior lateral surface; posterior margins of sternites with short to medium length setae, III–VI with 2–3 larger posterior lateral setae, mixed with 12, 12, 19 and 11 smaller setae, arranged nearly uniformly along posterior margins with medial gap; lateral margins of sternites with well spaced macrosetae (left–right): III 2–2, IV 4–4, V 6–5, VI 4–3, VII 1–2.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF07666B7345FFF3FF37F95CD2B3501D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" startId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" targetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37345FFF3FF37F95CD2B3501D" blockId="14.[192,1440,1670,1792]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FF37F95CD03D5180" bold="true" box="[192,361,1670,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figures 38–46:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FE87F952D30E5180" box="[368,602,1672,1693]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607345FFF3FE87F952D3015180" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" box="[368,597,1672,1693]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallagheri" status="sp. nov.">Vachoniolus gallagheri</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FD97F952D24C5180" bold="true" box="[608,792,1672,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F578A7345FFF3FD97F952D3FB5180" box="[608,687,1672,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
38, 43–46
</emphasis>
, holotype male; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FC4BF952D2AC5180" bold="true" box="[956,1016,1672,1693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">39–42</emphasis>
, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FF36F97BD18B51AB" bold="true" box="[193,223,1697,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">38.</emphasis>
Carapace, dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FE18F97BD35951AB" bold="true" box="[495,525,1697,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">39.</emphasis>
Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FCA8F97BD22851AB" bold="true" box="[863,892,1697,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">40.</emphasis>
Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FB21F97BD44651AB" bold="true" box="[1238,1298,1697,1718]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">41–42</emphasis>
. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FD93F960D3D551D2" bold="true" box="[612,641,1722,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">41,</emphasis>
convex aspect; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FCE8F960D26351D2" bold="true" box="[799,823,1722,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">42</emphasis>
outer aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FC48F960D28851D2" bold="true" box="[959,988,1722,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">43.</emphasis>
Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FEFDF909D07C51F5" bold="true" box="[266,296,1747,1768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">44.</emphasis>
Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FD78F909D38451F5" bold="true" box="[655,720,1747,1768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">45–46.</emphasis>
Metasoma and telson. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FC4FF909D28351F5" bold="true" box="[952,983,1747,1768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">45.</emphasis>
Right lateral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17345FFF3FB5CF909D59D51F5" bold="true" box="[1195,1225,1747,1768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">46.</emphasis>
Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF07666B7344FFF2FF37F9A8D2695018" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" startId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" targetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37344FFF2FF37F9A8D2695018" blockId="15.[192,1440,1650,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FF37F9A8D03D5194" bold="true" box="[192,361,1650,1673]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Figures 47–56:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607344FFF2FE86F9A9D3005195" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="2010" box="[369,596,1651,1672]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallagheri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FE86F9A9D3005195" box="[369,596,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Vachoniolus gallagheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FD96F9A9D24B5195" bold="true" box="[609,799,1651,1672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F578A7344FFF2FD96F9A9D3E45195" box="[609,688,1651,1672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
47–51, 56,
</emphasis>
holotype male; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FC4AF9A9D2AB5195" bold="true" box="[957,1023,1651,1672]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">52–55,</emphasis>
paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FF36F956D18B51BC" bold="true" box="[193,223,1676,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">47.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FD59F956D39951BC" bold="true" box="[686,717,1676,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">48.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FB67F956D5F951BC" bold="true" box="[1168,1197,1676,1697]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">49.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FE7BF97FD0FE51A7" bold="true" box="[396,426,1701,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">50.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FC89F97FD2C851A7" bold="true" box="[894,924,1701,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">51.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FA75F97FD4F451A7" bold="true" box="[1410,1440,1701,1722]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">52.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FD6EF964D3E151CE" bold="true" box="[665,693,1726,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">53.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FB7DF964D5FD51CE" bold="true" box="[1162,1193,1726,1747]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">54.</emphasis>
Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FE60F90DD0E151F1" bold="true" box="[407,437,1751,1772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">55.</emphasis>
Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17344FFF2FCEDF90DD26D51F1" bold="true" box="[794,825,1751,1772]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">56.</emphasis>
Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735BFFEDFF37FD8CD31B536B" blockId="16.[192,802,598,1142]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFF37FD8CD32F5570" bold="true" box="[192,635,598,621]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
Hemispermatophore (
<typeStatus id="54C38841735BFFEDFE49FD8CD3725570" box="[446,550,598,621]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males)
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFD78FD8CD2425570" box="[655,790,598,621]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 41–42</figureCitation>
). Flagelliform; trunk elongate, slender; flagellum long, filiform, proportions variable; in 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A735BFFEDFDB5FD49D3F455B7" box="[578,672,659,682]" count="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, pars recta 0.53, 0.71 and 0.27 times length of trunk, pars reflecta 0.65, 0.47 and 0.80 times length of trunk, respectively; inner lobe a broad lamina, gently tapering with blunt apex; median and outer lobes shorter, laminate, almost fully (1 case) or fully fused (2 cases); median lobe with outer margin curved, tapering to fine apical process, outer lobe linear, apically truncate; basal lobe a short, rounded, mediolaterally compressed knob; measurements of 
<typeStatus id="54C38841735BFFEDFEC5FC7DD0DA54A3" box="[306,398,935,958]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(from N of Adam, partially fused lobes): trunk length (to base of flagellum) 
<quantity id="4C809B06735BFFEDFD64FC1CD3BD54C0" box="[659,745,966,989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
, pars recta 
<quantity id="4C809B06735BFFEDFEF7FC3ED00E54E6" box="[256,346,996,1019]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, pars reflecta 
<quantity id="4C809B06735BFFEDFE09FC3ED30C54E6" box="[510,600,996,1019]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
, inner lobe (from base of flagellum) 900 µm, median lobe (from juncture with inner lobe) 305 µm, outer lobe from juncture with median lobe 120 µm, from median lobe juncture with inner lobe 440 µm, basal lobe 60 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735BFFEDFF37FB46D52A547F" blockId="16.[192,802,1180,1909]" lastBlockId="16.[830,1441,199,866]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFF37FB46D06253AE" bold="true" box="[192,310,1180,1203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFEBAFB46D08D53AE" box="[333,473,1180,1203]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 45–46</figureCitation>
). Long, slender, total length plus telson length 6.1 times carapace length. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFD52FB61D24E53CF" box="[677,794,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Carination</emphasis>
: metasoma I with 10 complete carinae; metasoma II–III with 8 complete carinae, median lateral carinae confined to posterior 1/2 of segment II, posterior 1/3 of segment III; segment IV with 4 carinae, segment V with 3 carinae; dorsosubmedian carinae weak with small, separated granules on segments I–III, obsolete on IV; dorsolateral carinae moderate on segments I–III with large dentate granules, weak with smaller dentate granules on IV, obsolete on V; median lateral carinae weak with small granules on segment I, weak to obsolete on II–III with smaller anterior granules, larger posterior granules; ventrolateral carinae on segment I moderate, smooth anteriorly, coarsely granulate posteriorly, on II strong with coarse granules, on III strong, coarsely granulate-crenulate with larger posterior granules, on IV strong, coarsely granulate-crenulate, on V strong, armed with small, medium and large dentate granules; ventrosubmedian carinae on segment I weak, granulose posteriorly, obsolete anteriorly, on II moderate to strong, coarsely granular, with larger posterior granules, on III strong, coarsely granule-crenulate with enlarged posterior granules, on IV obsolete, positions marked by scattered granules; posterior half of ventrosubmedian carina with 7–8 enlarged dentate granules on II, 6 on III; metasoma V with ventrosubmedian carinae obsolete, marked by series of enlarged dentate granules on anterior 3/4 of segment, ventromedian carina moderate, studded with small to large dentate granules; 5 denticles on ventral anal arc; lateral anal lobes split by single incision into broad dorsal lobe and dentate ventral lobe. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFCC9FE66D29656CE" box="[830,962,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Granulation</emphasis>
: dorsal surfaces smooth on segments I–IV, smooth with scattered small granules on V, concave on I–III, convex on IV–V; dorsolateral surfaces smooth on segments I–III, with few small granules on I, finely granulate on IV–V; lateral surfaces smooth on I–III, finely granulate IV–V; ventrolateral and ventral surfaces smooth on I–II, lightly shagreened on III, densely shagreened on IV–V. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFBB6FD49D5EE55B7" box="[1089,1210,659,682]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
: carinal macrosetae (left–right) dorsosubmedian: I, 0–0, II 1–0, III 2–2, IV 2–2, dorsolateral: I, 1–0, II 1–2, III 1–2, IV 2–2; ventrolateral: I 2–2, II 2–2, III 2–2, IV 2–2; ventrosubmedian: I 2–2, II 2–2, III 2–2, IV 2–2, V 3–3; intercarinal macrosetae: metasoma V 12–13 lateral setae, one postero-lateral pair on ventral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735BFFEDFCC9FC52D50E534A" blockId="16.[830,1441,904,1111]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFCC9FC52D2DE5482" bold="true" box="[830,906,904,927]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Telson</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFC68FC52D57E5482" box="[927,1066,904,927]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 45–46</figureCitation>
). Vesicle slim, width 0.69 times metasoma V width, dorsal surface smooth, lateral surface smooth with few small granules, ventral surface studded with medium to large granules, bearing numerous medium length reddish macrosetae: 1–2 on lateral surfaces, 14 on ventral surface, 2 on pedicel; aculeus slender, as long as vesicle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735BFFECFCC9FBA4D38254C0" blockId="16.[830,1441,1150,1909]" lastBlockId="17.[192,803,199,989]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFCC9FBA4D2F75388" bold="true" box="[830,931,1150,1173]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Pedipalp</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFC41FBA4D5695388" box="[950,1085,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 47–51</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFBBBFBA4D5C55388" box="[1100,1169,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figures 88–99" captionStartId="26.[192,278,1222,1245]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,178,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-123@26.[192,1439,168,1192]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 88–99: Pedipalp segments of Vachoniolus, species, viewed under UV fluorescence. 88–90, V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male; 91–93, V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male; 94–96, V. globimanus, male from Barik; 97–99, V. iranus, male from Iran. 88, 91, 94, 97: pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect; 89, 92, 95, 98: pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect; 90, 93, 96, 99: pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bar: 88–89, 99: 2.0 mm; 90: 2.4 mm; 91–92: 1.7 mm; 93, 96: 2.7 mm; 94–95: 2.1 mm; 97–98: 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781409/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">91–93</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFB56FBA4D5995388" box="[1185,1229,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figures 100–105" captionStartId="27.[192,278,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[239,1407,238,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-179@27.[192,1439,216,1035]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 100–105: Pedipalp finger dentition of Vachoniolus species in Oman. Each figure shows a sketch of the denticle patterns on the dentate margins of right fixed finger (left drawing), and right movable finger (right drawing). Position of internal fixed finger trichobothrium it is indicated. 100. V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male. 101. V. batinahensis, sp. nov., paratype female (al Abyad). 102. V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male. 103. V. gallagheri, sp. nov., paratype female (N of Adam). 104. V. globimanus, female (Marsawdad). 105. V. globimanus, male (Shigag)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781411/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">102</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFB13FBA4D47F5388" box="[1252,1323,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Femur</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFAC9FBA4D4C85388" box="[1342,1436,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFCC9FB46D20D53AE" box="[830,857,1180,1203]" captionStart="Figures 9–17" captionStartId="7.[192,278,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[274,1366,164,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[192,1439,154,1631]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 9–17: Vachoniolus batinahensis, sp. nov. 9, 14–17, holotype male; 10–13, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 9. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 10. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 11. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 12–13. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 12, convex aspect; 13 outer aspect. 14–15. Metasoma and telson. 14. Right lateral aspect. 15. Ventral aspect. 16. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 17. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 9, 16: 3 mm; 10, 11: 1.7 mm; 12, 13: 1 mm; 14, 15: 5.7 mm; 17: 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781379/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">9 1</figureCitation>
): short, stout, 0.73 times carapace length, 2.42 times longer than wide; dorsoexternal, dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae strong, with robust dentate granules; external surface smooth; dorsal surface flat, mostly smooth with scattered small granules and proximal cluster of 3–4 medium granules, ventral surface smooth, proximally concave, distally convex, with few small granules; internal surface with irregular small and large conical granules, internal carina obsolete; dorsoexternal carina with 1 distal macroseta, external surface with (left–right) 0–1 basal, 8–12 distal macrosetae. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFC31FA34D5475118" box="[966,1043,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Patella</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFBD3FA34D5FC5118" box="[1060,1192,1518,1541]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 50–51</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFB42FA34D5805118" box="[1205,1236,1518,1541]" captionStart="Figures 88–99" captionStartId="26.[192,278,1222,1245]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,178,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-123@26.[192,1439,168,1192]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 88–99: Pedipalp segments of Vachoniolus, species, viewed under UV fluorescence. 88–90, V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male; 91–93, V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male; 94–96, V. globimanus, male from Barik; 97–99, V. iranus, male from Iran. 88, 91, 94, 97: pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect; 89, 92, 95, 98: pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect; 90, 93, 96, 99: pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bar: 88–89, 99: 2.0 mm; 90: 2.4 mm; 91–92: 1.7 mm; 93, 96: 2.7 mm; 94–95: 2.1 mm; 97–98: 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781409/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">92</figureCitation>
): short, stout, 0.87 times carapace length, 1.95 times longer than wide; dorsointernal carina strong, granulose; ventrointernal carina strong, with large dentate granules; internal carina weak, marked by contiguous medium to coarse granules; other carinae obsolete; dorsal surface smooth with few fine granules, external surface smooth, ventral surface smooth with sparse fine granules along internal margin; ventrointernal surface smooth with several fine granules, dorsointernal surface finely granular. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735BFFEDFB13F8D8D4705004" box="[1252,1316,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Chela</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFAC0F8D8D20F502A" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figs. 47– 48</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735BFFEDFC99F8FAD2D9502A" box="[878,909,1824,1847]" captionStart="Figures 88–99" captionStartId="26.[192,278,1222,1245]" captionTargetBox="[202,1429,178,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-123@26.[192,1439,168,1192]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 88–99: Pedipalp segments of Vachoniolus, species, viewed under UV fluorescence. 88–90, V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male; 91–93, V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male; 94–96, V. globimanus, male from Barik; 97–99, V. iranus, male from Iran. 88, 91, 94, 97: pedipalp femur, dorsal aspect; 89, 92, 95, 98: pedipalp patella, dorsal aspect; 90, 93, 96, 99: pedipalp chela, external aspect. Scale bar: 88–89, 99: 2.0 mm; 90: 2.4 mm; 91–92: 1.7 mm; 93, 96: 2.7 mm; 94–95: 2.1 mm; 97–98: 1.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781409/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">93</figureCitation>
): relatively short, 1.37 times carapace length; manus extremely swollen, subglobose, width 0.65 times carapace length, fingers very short, movable finger 0.79 times ventral manus length; manus with dorsal surface densely, finely shagreened, external surface smooth to sparsely shagreened, ventroexternal surface densely, finely shagreened, ventral and ventrointernal surfaces smooth except for lightly shagreened proximal ventrointernal patch, internal surface sparsely to moderately shagreened with several small granules; all carinae obsolete; fixed and movable fingers smooth; dentate margins of finger straight, without proximal scalloping; closure of fingers leaves linear proximal gap, with tips of fingers apically divergent; ventral aspect of movable finger angled upwards near base; manus largely bare, with few short macrosetae; movable finger with numerous short macrosetae on ventral aspect, more dense apically; 7 primary denticle subrows on fixed and movable fingers; fixed fingers with 7 internal accessory denticles, 7–8 external accessory denticles; movable fingers with 7 internal accessory denticles, 6 and 8 external accessory denticles, tip of movable finger with 4 subdistal denticles (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFE47FCD4D3455438" box="[432,529,782,805]" captionStart="Figures 100–105" captionStartId="27.[192,278,1065,1088]" captionTargetBox="[239,1407,238,1026]" captionTargetId="figure-179@27.[192,1439,216,1035]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figures 100–105: Pedipalp finger dentition of Vachoniolus species in Oman. Each figure shows a sketch of the denticle patterns on the dentate margins of right fixed finger (left drawing), and right movable finger (right drawing). Position of internal fixed finger trichobothrium it is indicated. 100. V. batinahensis, sp. nov., holotype male. 101. V. batinahensis, sp. nov., paratype female (al Abyad). 102. V. gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male. 103. V. gallagheri, sp. nov., paratype female (N of Adam). 104. V. globimanus, female (Marsawdad). 105. V. globimanus, male (Shigag)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781411/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFDD1FCD4D24E5438" box="[550,794,782,805]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Trichobothrial pattern</emphasis>
: neobothriotaxic, 
<typeStatus id="54C38841735AFFECFE8BFCF6D0FE545E" box="[380,426,812,835]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
Aβ (Vachon, 1974, 1975), with supernumerary 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFE90FC91D0DF547F" box="[359,395,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">esb</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFE7CFC8FD0C05479" attach="left" box="[395,404,853,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">3</subScript>
on patella; trichobothrium 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFD4FFC91D391547F" box="[696,709,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFD32FC8FD39A5479" attach="left" box="[709,718,853,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">5</subScript>
located slightly distal to 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFE8CFCB0D0D3549C" box="[379,391,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFE70FCAED0C1549E" attach="left" box="[391,405,884,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2;</subScript>
femur 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFE12FCB0D0A6549C" box="[485,498,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFE05FCAED0AE549E" attach="left" box="[498,506,884,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
, patella 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFDACFCB0D33C549C" box="[603,616,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFD9EFCAED326549E" attach="right" box="[617,626,884,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
, chela 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFD34FCB0D3B5549C" box="[707,737,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Eb</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFD16FCAED3BE549E" attach="left" box="[737,746,884,899]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">3</subScript>
, 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFD0DFCB0D276549C" box="[762,802,874,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Esb</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFF18FC52D0465482" box="[239,274,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">esb</emphasis>
petite; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFE92FC52D0D45482" box="[357,384,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">db</emphasis>
on fixed finger level with 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFD53FC52D39C5482" box="[676,712,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">esb</emphasis>
, at base of fixed finger; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFE9CFC7DD0D054A3" box="[363,388,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">eb</emphasis>
on distal manus; 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFDB3FC7DD30D54A3" box="[580,601,935,958]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">dt</emphasis>
at middle of fixed finger, approximately midway between 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFD9DFC1CD3DC54C0" box="[618,648,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">est</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFD4CFC1CD39A54C0" box="[699,718,966,989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">et</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735AFFECFF37FC26D00B510F" blockId="17.[192,802,1020,1554]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFF37FC26D1A1530E" bold="true" box="[192,245,1020,1043]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFEF9FC26D0CF530E" box="[270,411,1020,1043]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figs. 30–33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFE58FC26D0A3530E" box="[431,503,1020,1043]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">43–44</figureCitation>
). Leg I short with stout segments; leg II moderately slender; legs III–IV very slender; ventral carinae dentate on femur I, finely denticulate on femora II–III, weak, crenulate-denticulate on femur IV; tibial spur present on right leg III, minute and vestigial on left leg III, present on both legs IV; retrolateral pedal spurs on legs I–IV simple, without setae; prolateral pedal spurs basally bifurcate on legs I – III, basally trifurcate on leg IV, with (left–right) 1–1, 0– 1, 5–6, 5–4 setae; tibiae I–III with retrosuperior bristle-combs (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFEE1FAF3D032525D" box="[278,358,1321,1344]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
) with (left–right) 6–6, 8–8, 13–11 setae; basitarsi I–III with bristle-combs (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFDC5FA9CD3D05240" box="[562,644,1350,1373]" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
), retrosuperior series developed on I–III with (left–right) 9–8, 12–9, 17–16 setae; retroinferior series developed on II–III with 5–5, 11–10 setae; ventral surfaces of telotarsi with short fine macrosetae on legs I–II, medium length macrosetae on legs II–III (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFEAAFA07D0F952E9" box="[349,429,1501,1524]" captionStart="Figures 9–17" captionStartId="7.[192,278,1660,1683]" captionTargetBox="[274,1366,164,1614]" captionTargetId="figure-6@7.[192,1439,154,1631]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figures 9–17: Vachoniolus batinahensis, sp. nov. 9, 14–17, holotype male; 10–13, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 9. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 10. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 11. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 12–13. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 12, convex aspect; 13 outer aspect. 14–15. Metasoma and telson. 14. Right lateral aspect. 15. Ventral aspect. 16. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 17. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 9, 16: 3 mm; 10, 11: 1.7 mm; 12, 13: 1 mm; 14, 15: 5.7 mm; 17: 1.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781379/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
), medium to long, fine macrosetae on legs III–IV.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735AFFECFF37F9E2D0065062" blockId="17.[192,802,1592,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFF37F9E2D3655152" bold="true" box="[192,561,1592,1615]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="54C38841735AFFECFE78F9E2D0A55152" box="[399,497,1592,1615]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male
</emphasis>
(mm). Total L 49.30; metasoma and telson L 33.00; carapace L 5.40, anterior 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFF37F9AFD0425191" box="[192,278,1653,1676]" degrees="2.84" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-2.84">W 2.84</geoCoordinate>
, posterior 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFE66F9AFD0B25191" box="[401,486,1653,1676]" degrees="6.04" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-6.04">W 6.04</geoCoordinate>
, carapace preocular L 2.24; metasomal segments (L/W/D) I 4.47/3.44/2.77, II 5.18/3.35/2.92, III 5.37/3.35/2.91, IV 6.24/2.92/2.75, V 6.88/2.79/2.55; telson L 5.33; vesicle L 2.75, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFD47F90AD25651FA" box="[688,770,1744,1767]" degrees="1.93" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.93">W 1.93</geoCoordinate>
, D 1.81; pedipalp chela L 7.40, chela manus ventral L 4.64, chela manus 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFEA9F8D7D0EC5039" box="[350,440,1805,1828]" degrees="3.48" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-3.48">W 3.48</geoCoordinate>
, D 3.78, fixed finger L 2.24, movable finger L 3.65; pedipalp femur L 3.96, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFD3DF8F1D24A505F" box="[714,798,1835,1858]" degrees="1.63" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.63">W 1.63</geoCoordinate>
, patella L 4.69, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFE90F893D0EF507D" box="[359,443,1865,1888]" degrees="2.41" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-2.41">W 2.41</geoCoordinate>
; pectine L 5.36, leg III patella L 4.64, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFF0BF8B2D01A5062" box="[252,334,1896,1919]" degrees="1.50" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.5">W 1.50</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735AFFECFCC9FF1DD470550C" blockId="17.[830,1441,199,529]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFCC9FF1DD58757C3" bold="true" box="[830,1235,199,222]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
Measurements of 
<typeStatus id="54C38841735AFFECFBE2FF1DD52F57C3" box="[1045,1147,199,222]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female
</emphasis>
(adult from N of Adam) (mm). Total L 47.00; metasoma and telson L 26.60; carapace L 5.03, anterior 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFB42FEDED45F5606" box="[1205,1291,260,283]" degrees="2.73" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-2.73">W 2.73</geoCoordinate>
, posterior 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFA70FEDED23B5627" degrees="5.68" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-5.68">W 5.68</geoCoordinate>
, carapace preocular L 2.24; metasomal segments (L/W/D) I 3.61/2.87/2.41, II 4.18/2.64/2.49, III 4.26/ 2.61/2.59, IV 4.99/2.41/2.28, V 5.62/2.54/2.15; telson L 4.99; vesicle L 2.41, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFBDCFEA5D52A568B" box="[1067,1150,383,406]" degrees="1.67" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.67">W 1.67</geoCoordinate>
, D 1.72; pedipalp chela L 5.93, chela manus ventral L 2.54, chela manus 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFABEFE44D4C856A8" box="[1353,1436,414,437]" degrees="1.46" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.46">W 1.46</geoCoordinate>
, D 1.79, fixed finger L 2.58, movable finger L 3.61; pedipalp femur L 3.18, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFBB5FE01D5C156EF" box="[1090,1173,475,498]" degrees="1.31" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.31">W 1.31</geoCoordinate>
, patella L 4.13, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFABFFE01D4C856EF" box="[1352,1436,475,498]" degrees="1.72" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.72">W 1.72</geoCoordinate>
; pectine L 3.10, leg III patella L 3.78, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C5024735AFFECFB39FE20D474550C" box="[1230,1312,506,529]" degrees="1.38" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="-1.38">W 1.38</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735AFFECFCC9FD9AD4005383" blockId="17.[830,1441,576,1918]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFCC9FD9AD2F8554A" bold="true" box="[830,940,576,599]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Variation</emphasis>
. Biometric data were obtained from 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A735AFFECFACAFD9AD4F4554A" box="[1341,1440,576,599]" count="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="adult">17 adults</specimenCount>
or sub-adults (
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A735AFFECFC14FD85D518556B" box="[995,1100,607,630]" count="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A735AFFECFBABFD85D59A556B" box="[1116,1230,607,630]" count="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
). The body length was 
<quantity id="4C809B06735AFFECFC8FFDA4D2A05588" box="[888,1012,638,661]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="34.0">34–50 mm</quantity>
(mean ± SD 41.8 ± 
<quantity id="4C809B06735AFFECFAF1FDA4D4365588" box="[1286,1378,638,661]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
) and carapace length 
<quantity id="4C809B06735AFFECFBF4FD46D5FD55AE" box="[1027,1193,668,691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.375" metricValueMax="6.79" metricValueMin="3.96" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="5.375" valueMax="6.79" valueMin="3.96">3.96–6.79 mm</quantity>
(5.27 ± 
<quantity id="4C809B06735AFFECFAD1FD46D4C155AE" box="[1318,1429,668,691]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.64">0.64 mm</quantity>
). Pedipalp finger primary denticle subrows for adults: of 34 fixed fingers, there were 2 fingers with 6 subrows, 22 with 7, and 10 with 8; of 34 movable fingers, there was 1 finger with 5 subrows, 6 with 6, 24 with 7, and 3 with 8. The number of dentate granules on the posterior half of the ventrosubmedian carina of metasoma II and III: on II, 2 carinae with 5 granules, 13 with 6, 15 with 7, 4 with 8; on III, 5 carinae with 4 granules, 18 with 5, 11 with 6. Tibial spurs were either present or absent, and were absent more frequently on leg III than leg IV; of 30 leg III tibiae, spurs were present in 19 (63.3 %), and absent in 11 (36.7 %); of 29 leg IV tibiae, spurs were present in 25 (86.2 %), and absent in 4 (13.8 %). Variation in morphometrics is summarized in 
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFAD8FB93D23C5362" captionStart="Figures 106–111" captionStartId="28.[192,278,857,880]" captionTargetBox="[202,1425,209,819]" captionTargetId="figure-208@28.[192,1439,192,827]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 106–111: Graphical illustration of variation in selected morphometric ratios of Vachoniolus. 106. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma I and relative length of pectine (metasoma I L/W vs. pectine L/ carapace L). 107. Scatter plot of variation in relative length of metasoma IV and slenderness of telson (metasoma IV L/ carapace L vs. telson L/W). 108. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma IV and relative proportion of pedipalp chela fixed finger (metasoma IV L/W vs. pedipalp chela fixed finger L/ manus L). 109. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma V and pedipalp femur (metasoma v L/W vs. pedipalp femur L/W). 110. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of pedipalp femur and patella (pedipalp femur L/W vs. pedipalp patella L/W). 111. Histogram plots showing distributions of the trichobothrial distance ratio (d5–e2)/(e2–e1) (data from both sexes). Vertical line is crossover point for d5 relative to e2. Note: each histogram bar represents the number of cases with ratio ≤ right abscissa tick mark; for V. globimanus, all data ≤ 0 are actually equal to 0 (i.e. no cases of d5 proximal to e2). The ratio distribution of V. batinahensis was significantly different from that of V. gallagheri (P = 0.0001), and the latter was also significantly different from that of V. globimanus (P = 4·10-6) (Mann-Whitney test). Color codes of all plots: green: V. batinahensis; yellow: V. gallagheri; magenta: V. globimanus; blue: V. iranus. Data in 106–110 from adults, in 111 from all ages." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781413/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figs. 106– 111</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6FA0358735AFFECFC81FBB2D2E85362" box="[886,956,1128,1151]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="29.[104,169,1653,1676]" captionText="Table 1: Summary of variation in selected adult morphometric ratios of both sexes for 3 species of Vachoniolus (ranges, mean ± SD, sample sizes in parentheses). Ratios with no significant sexual dimorphism (P&gt; 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) have been pooled for samples of both sexes. All ratios from adults, except for femur trichobothrial distance ratio, which includes immatures." pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
. Trichobothrial distance ratio (
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFAE7FBB2D4495362" box="[1296,1309,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFAEAFBA8D472539C" attach="left" box="[1309,1318,1138,1153]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">5</subScript>
– 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFAC4FBB2D46B5362" box="[1331,1343,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFAC8FBA8D41C539C" attach="left" box="[1343,1352,1138,1153]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
)/(
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFA96FBB2D4395362" box="[1377,1389,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFA9AFBA8D421539C" attach="left" box="[1389,1397,1138,1153]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
– 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFA74FBB2D4DB5362" box="[1411,1423,1128,1151]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFA78FBA8D4CC539C" attach="left" box="[1423,1432,1138,1153]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">1</subScript>
)&gt; 0 (i.e. 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFC6FFB5DD2F15383" box="[920,933,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">d</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFC51FB4BD2FB53BD" attach="left" box="[934,943,1169,1184]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">5</subScript>
distal to 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFBE6FB5DD5495383" box="[1041,1053,1159,1182]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
<subScript id="17FC34A6735AFFECFBEAFB4BD57253BD" attach="left" box="[1053,1062,1169,1184]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
) for 27/28 femora (96.4 %).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E3735AFFEFFC99FB7FD327568B" blockId="17.[830,1441,576,1918]" lastBlockId="18.[192,802,199,835]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFC99FB7FD56953A1" box="[878,1085,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Sexual dimorphism</emphasis>
: females differed from males as follows: carapace smooth, lustrous with granulation weak to obsolete; tergites smooth, lustrous; pedipalp femur dorsally smooth, lustrous with only a few granules, internal surface mostly smooth with much smaller granules; pedipalp patella smooth, lustrous, with dorsointernal carina weak, finely granulated, ventrointernal carina weak with moderate to small granules (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFCB1FA41D2C852AF" box="[838,924,1435,1458]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
); pedipalp chela manus not strongly swollen, smooth, lustrous (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFBFCFA63D5C152CD" box="[1035,1173,1465,1488]" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figs. 52–53</figureCitation>
); metasoma II–III with more prominent denticles on posterior half of ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae; metasoma IV not as heavily granulated on lateral and ventral surfaces, with carinae weaker, more finely granular; ventrolateral and ventrosubmedian carinae on metasoma I moderate, almost smooth anteriorly, crenulate–granulate posteriorly; on II–III strong, crenulate–granulate anteriorly, dentate-granulate posteriorly; segment IV with ventrolateral carinae moderate, weakly granular; ventrosubmedian carinae obsolete; pectines much shorter (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFA82F936D20F503F" captionStart="Figures 47–56" captionStartId="15.[192,278,1650,1673]" captionTargetBox="[237,1365,197,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-6@15.[192,1441,168,1620]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 47–56: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 47–51, 56, holotype male; 52–55, paratype female (S of Nizwa roundabout). 47. Right pedipalp chela of male, external aspect. 48. Right pedipalp chela of male, ventral aspect. 49. Right pedipalp femur of male, dorsal aspect. 50. Right pedipalp patella of male, dorsal aspect. 51. Right pedipalp patella of male, external aspect. 52. Right pedipalp chela of female, external aspect. 53. Right pedipalp chela of female, ventral aspect. 54. Right pedipalp patella of female, dorsal aspect. 55. Left pectine, female, ventral aspect. 56. Left pectine, male, ventral aspect. Scale bar: 47–48, 55–56: 3.0 mm; 49–54, 2.0 mm. Trichobothrial notation after Vachon (1974)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781395/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
), terminating well short of distal ends of coxae IV (
<figureCitation id="13432A66735AFFECFCB1F8F3D299505D" box="[838,973,1833,1856]" captionStart="Figures 30–37" captionStartId="12.[192,278,1363,1386]" captionTargetBox="[203,1434,190,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[195,1442,168,1333]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 30–37: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov., holotype male (30–33) and paratype female from N of Adam (34–37). Habitus viewed under reflected white light (30–31, 34–35) or UV fluorescence (32–33, 36–37). 30, 32, 34, 36. Dorsal aspect. 31, 33, 35, 37. Ventral aspect. Scale bars: 10 mm for both male and female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781387/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figs. 35, 37</figureCitation>
). Pectine teeth: males 14–19 (of 28 combs from 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF1735AFFECFC8DF892D2D35042" box="[890,903,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">n</emphasis>
= 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A735AFFECFC50F892D5585042" box="[935,1036,1864,1887]" count="14" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
: 1 comb with 14 teeth, 4 combs with 15 teeth, 6 with 16, 7 with 17, 8 with 18, 2 with 19), females 9–14 (of 6 combs from 
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17359FFEFFDD1FF1DD36757C3" box="[550,563,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">n</emphasis>
= 
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7359FFEFFDA2FF1DD39757C3" box="[597,707,199,222]" count="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
: 1 comb with 9 teeth, 1 with 11, 2 with 12, 2 with 14). There was significant sexual dimorphism in morphometrics (
<tableCitation id="C6FA03587359FFEFFD14FEDED1995627" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="29.[104,169,1653,1676]" captionText="Table 1: Summary of variation in selected adult morphometric ratios of both sexes for 3 species of Vachoniolus (ranges, mean ± SD, sample sizes in parentheses). Ratios with no significant sexual dimorphism (P&gt; 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) have been pooled for samples of both sexes. All ratios from adults, except for femur trichobothrial distance ratio, which includes immatures." pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Table 1</tableCitation>
): females tended to have shorter pedipalp femur, patella, chela and metasoma I–V relative to carapace length, more slender pedipalp patella, and pedipalp chela movable finger longer relative to manus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736E37359FFEFFF07FE44D312545E" blockId="18.[192,802,199,835]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17359FFEFFF07FE44D00756A8" box="[240,339,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Juveniles</emphasis>
: differed from adults as follows: dorsoexternal, dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae on pedipalp femur weak to obsolete, with small granules; carinae on patella obsolete; chela manus not swollen in juvenile males; fewer macrosetae on the tibiae, basitarsi and telotarsi of all legs. In smallest juveniles (
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD6A7359FFEFFCE3FDEDD0665570" count="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
, carapace lengths 
<quantity id="4C809B067359FFEFFDF3FD8CD33F5570" box="[516,619,598,621]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.53" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.53">1.53 mm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="4C809B067359FFEFFD8BFD8CD3B65570" box="[636,738,598,621]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.59">1.59 mm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="4C809B067359FFEFFD04FD8CD1BF5596" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.65">1.65 mm</quantity>
) the tibia, basitarsus and telotarsus of legs I–III lacked macrosetae and bristle combs, and series of elongate spiniform processes (spine combs) extended from the retrosuperior margins of these leg segments (1– 2 processes on tibia, 6–7 on basitarsi, 3–5 on telotarsi). Spines consisted of a short, broad basal portion and a long, fine, needle-like distal portion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36265687359FFEFFF37FCB0D3AE54A3" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37359FFEFFF37FCB0D3AE54A3" blockId="18.[192,802,874,958]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17359FFEFFF37FCB0D01F549C" bold="true" box="[192,331,874,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
. This species is known only from arid plains of north-central 
<collectingCountry id="F36F76737359FFEFFE4FFC52D0A85482" box="[440,508,904,927]" name="Oman" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Oman</collectingCountry>
, south or south-west of the Al Hajar mountains, at elevations of 
<quantity id="4C809B067359FFEFFDBEFC7DD39654A3" box="[585,706,935,958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="260.0" valueMax="420.0" valueMin="100.0">100–420 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36265687359FFEFFF37FC3ED0475297" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BC736E37359FFEFFF37FC3ED0475297" blockId="18.[192,802,996,1418]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17359FFEFFF37FC3ED04E54E6" bold="true" box="[192,282,996,1019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Ecology</emphasis>
. All specimens were collected from sandy soils on arid, alluvial fans and wadis in the hot interior desert of north-central 
<collectingCountry id="F36F76737359FFEFFE73FBF8D09D5324" box="[388,457,1058,1081]" name="Oman" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Oman</collectingCountry>
. The development of bristle combs on the tibia and basitarsus of legs I–III is consistent with psammophilous, arenicolous specialization (Polis, 1990; Fet, Polis &amp; Sissom, 1998; Prendini, 2001a). Compared to the more ultrapsammophilous 
<taxonomicName id="4C784D607359FFEFFE83FB61D34753CF" authorityName="Levy, Amitai et Shulov" authorityYear="1973" box="[372,531,1211,1234]" class="Arachnida" family="Buthidae" genus="Vachoniolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globimanus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAF17359FFEFFE83FB61D34753CF" box="[372,531,1211,1234]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">V. globimanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species was found on more compacted sandy substrates. Burrowing in firmer soils may be correlated with the more robust development of the pedipalps and metasomal segments (
<figureCitation id="13432A667359FFEFFF3FFAECD03E5250" box="[200,362,1334,1357]" captionStart="Figures 106–111" captionStartId="28.[192,278,857,880]" captionTargetBox="[202,1425,209,819]" captionTargetId="figure-208@28.[192,1439,192,827]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 106–111: Graphical illustration of variation in selected morphometric ratios of Vachoniolus. 106. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma I and relative length of pectine (metasoma I L/W vs. pectine L/ carapace L). 107. Scatter plot of variation in relative length of metasoma IV and slenderness of telson (metasoma IV L/ carapace L vs. telson L/W). 108. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma IV and relative proportion of pedipalp chela fixed finger (metasoma IV L/W vs. pedipalp chela fixed finger L/ manus L). 109. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of metasoma V and pedipalp femur (metasoma v L/W vs. pedipalp femur L/W). 110. Scatter plot of male variation in slenderness of pedipalp femur and patella (pedipalp femur L/W vs. pedipalp patella L/W). 111. Histogram plots showing distributions of the trichobothrial distance ratio (d5–e2)/(e2–e1) (data from both sexes). Vertical line is crossover point for d5 relative to e2. Note: each histogram bar represents the number of cases with ratio ≤ right abscissa tick mark; for V. globimanus, all data ≤ 0 are actually equal to 0 (i.e. no cases of d5 proximal to e2). The ratio distribution of V. batinahensis was significantly different from that of V. gallagheri (P = 0.0001), and the latter was also significantly different from that of V. globimanus (P = 4·10-6) (Mann-Whitney test). Color codes of all plots: green: V. batinahensis; yellow: V. gallagheri; magenta: V. globimanus; blue: V. iranus. Data in 106–110 from adults, in 111 from all ages." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781413/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Figs. 106–111</figureCitation>
), heavier carinae on the metasoma and pedipalp patella, and less elongate tarsal ungues (
<figureCitation id="13432A667359FFEFFD00FA8ED05C5297" captionStart="Figures 38–46" captionStartId="14.[192,278,1670,1693]" captionTargetBox="[253,1360,181,1605]" captionTargetId="figure-8@14.[192,1437,164,1641]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figures 38–46: Vachoniolus gallagheri, sp. nov. 38, 43–46, holotype male; 39–42, paratype male (same locality as holotype). 38. Carapace, dorsal aspect. 39. Right chelicera, dorsal aspect. 40. Right chelicera, ventral aspect. 41–42. Right hemispermatophore, lobes at base of flagellum. 41, convex aspect; 42 outer aspect. 43. Right basitarsus and telotarsus III, retrolateral aspect. 44. Right telotarsus III, ventral aspect. 45–46. Metasoma and telson. 45. Right lateral aspect. 46. Ventral aspect. Scale bar: 38: 3.0 mm; 39–40, 44: 1.5 mm; 41–42: 1.0 mm; 43: 2.1 mm; 45–46: 4.25 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12781389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12781389/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 43–44</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>