259 lines
30 KiB
XML
259 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="D69A4520F3AB9956E3B1D19D89CC147B" ID-CLB-Dataset="298201" ID-DOI="10.1590/1519-6984.232434" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28d5ed5b-8f80-42a8-8c0b-31699a1e913d" ID-ISSN="1678-4375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11494228" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1717620484603" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Naseer, Q. A., Xue, X., Wang, X., Dang, S., Din, S. U. & Jamil, J." docDate="2022" docId="03CB9026FFF3B71CDE51FD66E55CFD07" docLanguage="en" docName="BrazJBiol.82.e232434.pdf" docOrigin="Brazilian Journal of Biology (e 232434) 82" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.232434" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1DDA4544BCC4C9B5C0D0325B81F0E249.1:BrazJBiol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleId="1DDA4544BCC4C9B5C0D0325B81F0E249" docStyleName="BrazJBiol.2022-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lactobacillus bulgaricus Beijerinck 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFF2E85EFFF1B718DE20FFF1E106FFBD" masterDocTitle="Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and assessment of their antibacterial potential" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1717783119523" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="18A9540E91396156A2FAB715F86D5A0F">Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and assessment of their antibacterial potential</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1F67B3FA4D52D75BC53EF3D2A6EE2FED" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="74039486DCE14681A006160B73110D35">Naseer, Q. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40AFC35AF649862AB994DFD403255D73">Jiangsu University, The Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China & Jiangsu University, School of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Institute of Laboratory Clinical Diagnostics, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A9ADCCBFDC0CD35C9D4298DF7F811151">Xue, X.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D113C542B071C6D2F384642081DF70AD">Pucheng Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Pucheng, Shanxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E95D17532C9C527A5F66ACC4219F6BA7">Wang, X.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10213E72FFF589AE16BF19D5E10F322A">Pucheng Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Pucheng, Shanxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="92D0D0475C562C8DC40B2D70886A1FF1">Dang, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8488EBEB245FCCD842EE1F9D9A9C1DDC">Jiangsu University, The Affiliated Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China & Pucheng Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Pucheng, Shanxi, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD795D1BE025EF08AA21E60DE2D0A594">Din, S. U.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E844EFE7BE6DA7954CC309292141364">Quaid I Azam University, Department of Microbiology, Islamabad, Pakistan & University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B5379A230F774C0C022D60213CB3C68E">Jamil, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0B89608147269ACB4F7F270D438B2C60">University of Swabi, Department of Microbiology, Swabi, KP, Pakistan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E95228669FE2F4F6FF6014A5C360B5D2">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="443A5E445643294E21075504A6975BAD">e 232434</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="B5DE124263067AE361E50BABF07E84D0">2020-07-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1E2C35696378F0E0DA486CA81BF6C2C2">82</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CB9026FFF3B71CDE51FD66E55CFD07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11520941" ID-GBIF-Taxon="232213363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11520941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB9026FFF3B71CDE51FD66E55CFD07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB9026FFF3B71CDE51FD66E55CFD07" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C37872BBFFF3B71ADE51FD66E1D4FD75" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADE51FD66E1D4FD75" blockId="2.[113,626,663,710]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D095965CFFF3B71ADE51FD66E1D4FD75" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADE51FD66E0F2FD11" box="[113,500,663,684]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.1. Identification and characterization of</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADFD9FD66E1D4FD75" ID-CoL="59X8" authority="Bacterial" authorityName="Beijerinck" authorityYear="1901" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADFD9FD66E1D4FD75" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37872BBFFF3B71CDEB0FD29E55CFD07" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADEB0FD29E03DFC12" blockId="2.[112,663,728,943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Bacterial strain
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADF0EFD26E314FD51" box="[302,530,727,748]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADF0EFD26E314FD51" box="[302,530,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was isolated from raw milk for extracellular synthesis of AgNPs. The morphological characteristics showed that the colony was creamy grey, round in shape, and had a raised elevation and entire margin (
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<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF3B71ADF13FCB9E085FCE6" box="[307,387,840,859]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[113,170,1814,1831]" captionTargetBox="[118,1247,1249,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-381@2.[113,1247,1247,1789]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Morphological and microscopic properties of Lactobacillus bulgaricus. (a) Lactobacillus stained with gram stain under light microscope (X100); (b) Lactobacillus on MRS agar medium, 37 °C, 48 h." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494230/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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). Biochemical tests showed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADE82FC92E08FFCC5" box="[162,393,867,888]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADE82FC92E08FFCC5" box="[162,393,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was positive for mannitol fermentation and negative for catalase, citrate, indole, and urease (
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<tableCitation id="C6E0148BFFF3B71ADEC9FC6DE028FC12" box="[233,302,924,943]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[699,746,586,602]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1. Biochemical identification of Lactobacillus bulgaricus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D71B8FFF3B71ADC9BFDBBE5C0FDE7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="DF1D71B8FFF3B71ADC9BFDBBE5C0FDE7">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADE51FC24E308FC57" blockId="2.[112,662,981,1205]" box="[113,526,981,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADE51FC24E308FC57" box="[113,526,981,1002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.2. Synthesis and characterization of AgNPs</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADEB0FC08E51CFE81" blockId="2.[112,662,981,1205]" lastBlockId="2.[698,1247,153,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The biosynthesis of AgNPs was successfully achieved by inoculating 1 mL of inoculum in 10 mL of 1 mM silver nitrate solution (1:10). The positive result for the biosynthesis of AgNPs was observed by color changes from yellow to dark brown, while intensity increasing during the time of incubation. Whereas, both controls were observed unchanged (
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<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF3B71ADECFFB50E044FB08" box="[239,322,1185,1205]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="3.[113,170,617,634]" captionTargetBox="[113,1247,151,593]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[113,1247,151,593]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 2. Lactobacillusbulgaricus synthesis of Ag-NPs:(a) AgNO3 (control); (b) Reaction mixture before synthesis; (c) Reaction mixture after synthesis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494232" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494232/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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), for accuracy in result, different suspension solution of AgNO
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<subScript id="17E62375FFF3B71ADDEFFF57E2D0FF0F" attach="left" box="[975,982,166,178]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</subScript>
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with varying concentration (1-5%) was added to
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADD80FF47E52FFF74" authorityName="Beijerinck" authorityYear="1901" box="[928,1065,182,201]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">Lactobacillus</taxonomicName>
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suspension. The characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles are greatly affected by adding different concentrations of AgNO
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<subScript id="17E62375FFF3B71ADAE4FF0DE5CDFEB5" attach="both" box="[1220,1227,252,264]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3</subScript>
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to the supernatant. Maximum synthesis of nanoparticle was observed at 4 mM AgNO 3 (
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<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF3B71ADD9EFED8E50BFE81" box="[958,1037,297,316]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[113,170,1129,1146]" captionTargetBox="[116,1242,706,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[113,1247,703,1104]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Results of suspension at different AgNO concentrations of Lactobacillus bulgaricus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494238" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494238/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADC9BFE92E5C7FEC5" blockId="2.[699,1217,355,376]" box="[699,1217,355,376]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADC9BFE92E5C7FEC5" box="[699,1217,355,376]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.2.1. Determination of AgNPs using spectrophotometer</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADCF9FE79E29CFDB3" blockId="2.[698,1248,392,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The production of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-VIS absorption. AgNPs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADD9EFE55E5A9FE04" box="[958,1199,420,441]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADD9EFE55E5A9FE04" box="[958,1199,420,441]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was observed by UV-VIS at visible range
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<quantity id="4C9A8CD5FFF3B71ADA21FE33E585FE68" box="[1025,1155,450,469]" metricMagnitude="-7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="nm" value="420.0" valueMax="430.0" valueMin="410.0">410 to 430 nm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF3B71ADAAEFE33E5DEFE68" box="[1166,1240,450,469]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="3.[113,170,1839,1856]" captionTargetBox="[185,1172,1191,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-52@3.[184,1176,1189,1814]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 4. Absorption spectrum of AgNPs synthesized by Lactobacillus bulgaricus having clear peak at 410 nm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494240" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494240/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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) which is presumed peak for AgNPs reported in previously by Sikder et al., (2018).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1D71B8FFF3B71ADE51F8E7E3CAF8FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494230" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11494230" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494230/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[113,170,1814,1831]" targetBox="[118,1247,1249,1780]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF3B71ADE51F8E7E3CAF8FD" blockId="2.[113,1248,1813,1856]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADE51F8E7E1B9F89A" bold="true" box="[113,191,1814,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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Morphological and microscopic properties of
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADC70F8E4E212F89A" box="[592,788,1813,1831]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADC70F8E4E212F89A" box="[592,788,1813,1831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (a)
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADD1CF8E4E2A0F89A" authorityName="Beijerinck" authorityYear="1901" box="[828,934,1813,1831]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADD1CF8E4E2A0F89A" box="[828,934,1813,1831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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stained with gram stain under light microscope (X100); (b)
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<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF3B71ADF1BF8DFE0A3F8FD" authorityName="Beijerinck" authorityYear="1901" box="[315,421,1838,1856]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF3B71ADF1BF8DFE0A3F8FD" box="[315,421,1838,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Lactobacillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on MRS agar medium, 37 °C, 48 h.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF2B71BDE51FD98E1F5FD29" blockId="3.[112,1248,617,660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF2B71BDE51FD98E1BBFDC6" bold="true" box="[113,189,617,635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF2B71BDEE1FD9BE081FDC6" box="[193,391,617,635]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="3" pageNumber="7" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
|
||
Lactobacillus
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF2B71BDF12FD98E081FDC6" box="[306,391,617,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">bulgaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
synthesis of Ag-NPs:(a) AgNO3 (control); (b) Reaction mixture before synthesis; (c) Reaction mixture after synthesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D71B8FFF2B71BDE51FB98E283FBC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11494238" box="[113,901,1128,1151]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494238/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[113,170,1129,1146]" targetBox="[116,1242,706,1099]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF2B71BDE51FB98E283FBC7" blockId="3.[113,901,1128,1146]" box="[113,901,1128,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF2B71BDE51FB98E1B9FBC7" bold="true" box="[113,191,1129,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Results of suspension at different AgNO 3 concentrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF2B71BDC9BFB99E287FBC7" box="[699,897,1128,1146]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1D71B8FFF2B71BDE51F8DEE516F8FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494240" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11494240" box="[113,1040,1838,1856]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494240/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[113,170,1839,1856]" targetBox="[185,1172,1191,1812]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF2B71BDE51F8DEE516F8FD" blockId="3.[113,1040,1838,1856]" box="[113,1040,1838,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF2B71BDE51F8DEE1B9F8FD" bold="true" box="[113,191,1839,1856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Absorption spectrum of AgNPs synthesized by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF2B71BDC73F8DFE211F8FD" box="[595,791,1838,1856]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF2B71BDC73F8DFE211F8FD" box="[595,791,1838,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having clear peak at 410 nm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDE51FF69E0AEFF10" blockId="4.[113,424,152,173]" box="[113,424,152,173]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDE51FF69E0AEFF10" box="[113,424,152,173]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.2.2. SEM confirmation of AgNPs</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDEB0FF4CE0ADFE2B" blockId="4.[112,664,189,411]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
SEM analysis of AgNPs was performed to determine the size and shapes of AgNPs and dispersed AgNPs with a diameter ranges
|
||
<quantity id="4C9A8CD5FFF5B71CDF06FF07E095FEB4" box="[294,403,246,265]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="nm" value="65.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="30.0">30-100 nm</quantity>
|
||
and different shapes were observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF5B71CDEFBFEE3E02BFE98" box="[219,301,274,293]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="4.[113,170,1814,1831]" captionTargetBox="[180,1181,1035,1774]" captionTargetId="figure-303@4.[176,1185,1033,1789]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 5. SEM of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The shape of AgNPs was spherical and size between (30- 100 nm), magnification (16053×, 17876×, 15568×, and 9742 ×), the voltage (5 kV) and spot size 4 for (a), (b), (c) and (d) respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494242" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494242/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles are greatly affected by adding varying concentration of AgNO
|
||
<subScript id="17E62375FFF5B71CDF66FEA6E04BFEDE" attach="left" box="[326,333,343,355]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</subScript>
|
||
to the supernatant. It was observed in this study that the best concentration for synthesis of nanoparticles was 4 mM AgNO
|
||
<subScript id="17E62375FFF5B71CDFBFFE7EE0A0FE26" attach="left" box="[415,422,399,411]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDE51FE4DE30EFE6C" blockId="4.[113,520,444,465]" box="[113,520,444,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDE51FE4DE30EFE6C" box="[113,520,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.2.3. Energy dispersive-X-ray spectroscopy</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDEB0FE13E1D1FD07" blockId="4.[112,663,481,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Energy Dispersive-X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out to find out overall compositions of elements in reaction mixture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDF6CFDE8E336FD93" box="[332,560,537,558]" class="Bacilli" family="Lactobacillaceae" genus="Lactobacillus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Lactobacillales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="bulgaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDF6CFDE8E336FD93" box="[332,560,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lactobacillus bulgaricus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and silver nitrate after completion of reactions. The EDS analysis showed the significant amount of AgNPs presence, furthermore along with AgNPs other elements were also detected which might be present in media composition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF5B71CDE59FD56E1CFFD07" box="[121,201,679,698]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="5.[113,170,993,1010]" captionTargetBox="[113,1247,151,968]" captionTargetId="figure-260@5.[113,1247,151,968]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 6. EDS Analysis of AgNPs synthesized by Lactobacillus bulgaricus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494244/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDC9BFF69E3F0FF77" blockId="4.[699,1227,152,201]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDC9BFF69E3F0FF77" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3.3. Comparative antibacterial activity of antibiotics and AgNPs</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDCF9FF2AE598FDFA" blockId="4.[697,1248,218,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The antibacterial activity of AgNPs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDA48FF28E21CFEB6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDA48FF28E5D9FF53" box="[1128,1247,217,238]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Lactobacillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
bulgaricus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were evaluated against three selected bacterial strains including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDD4AFEE2E544FE95" box="[874,1090,275,296]" class="Bacilli" family="Staphylococcaceae" genus="Staphylococcus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Bacillales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="aureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDD4AFEE2E544FE95" box="[874,1090,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Staphylococcus aureus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDA6FFEE2E228FEF8" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Winslow & Winslow" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Bacilli" family="Staphylococcaceae" genus="Staphylococcus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Bacillales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="epidermidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDA6FFEE2E228FEF8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Staphylococcus epidermidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDD46FEC1E512FEF8" box="[870,1044,304,325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDD46FEC1E516FEF8" authorityName="Warren & Scott" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Schroeter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[870,1040,304,325]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Enterobacteriaceae" genus="Salmonella" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Enterobacteriales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="typhi">Salmonella typhi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An AgNO
|
||
<subScript id="17E62375FFF5B71CDA5BFECCE584FEF4" attach="left" box="[1147,1154,317,329]" fontSize="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3</subScript>
|
||
solution (4 mM) and some antibiotics were found to be effective against selected strains.It was found that the antimicrobial activities of biologically synthesized AgNPs were not uniform across bacterial strains.The mean value of zones of inhibition noted for selected bacterial strains were 15-mm for
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDCFEFE2DE2B3FE4C" box="[734,949,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDCFEFE2DE2B4FE4C" box="[734,946,476,497]" class="Bacilli" family="Staphylococcaceae" genus="Staphylococcus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Bacillales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="aureus">Staphylococcus aureus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
17-mm for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDA0CFE2DE5A9FE4C" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1916" baseAuthorityName="Winslow & Winslow" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1068,1199,476,497]" class="Bacilli" family="Staphylococcaceae" genus="Staphylococcus" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Bacillales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Firmicutes" rank="species" species="epidermidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDA0CFE2DE5A9FE4C" box="[1068,1199,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">S. epidermidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C625AB3FFF5B71CDC9BFE08E24AFDB3" authorityName="Warren & Scott" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Schroeter" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[699,844,505,526]" class="Gammaproteobacteria" family="Enterobacteriaceae" genus="Salmonella" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Enterobacteriales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="species" species="typhi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916FD22FFF5B71CDC9BFE08E24AFDB3" box="[699,844,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Salmonella typhi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively.The effects of antibiotics against selected bacterial strains were also evaluated according to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A6EFD2FFF5B71CDC9AFDC5E235FDFA" box="[698,819,564,583]" country="United Kingdom" name="Birmingham" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Birmingham</collectingRegion>
|
||
Children’s Hospital (2014) guidelines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD2130FFF5B71CDCF9FDA0E55CFD07" blockId="4.[697,1248,218,698]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
We found that the antibiotic activities against selected bacterial strains were not uniform.Furthermore, bacterial strains were found highly sensitive to AgNPs in comparison to tested antibiotics (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6E0148BFFF5B71CDDAAFD56E2C9FD07" box="[906,975,679,698]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[113,160,744,760]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Comparative analysis of AgNPs and antibiotics against bacterial strains." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1D71B8FFF5B71CDE51FD19E21FFD44" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" tableUuid="DF1D71B8FFF5B71CDE51FD19E21FFD44">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13593DB5FFF5B71CDDDFFD56E54BFD07" box="[1023,1101,679,698]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="5.[113,170,1390,1407]" captionTargetBox="[142,1238,1065,1351]" captionTargetId="figure-272@5.[113,1247,1049,1365]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 7. Antibacterial effect of Ag-NPs and antibiotics against (a) Staphylococcus epidermis (b) Salmonella (c) Staphylococcus aureus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11494246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11494246/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |