617 lines
76 KiB
XML
617 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="C805982C799FA21D53C19020312B35E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="50765" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171754" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cffbc406-cfd4-4235-9b03-04cdaef955ed" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171754" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459757242464" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A., Grogan, William L., Jr & Mullens, Bradley A." docDate="2006" docId="03C4404DFFCFA0714A65BD53FC45FD93" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01122p055.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1122" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides (Wirthomyia) bottimeri Wirth" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="FFFD3835FFCEA0764B6DBB35FFDAFC26" masterDocTitle="A new synonym of the biting midge, Culicoides bottimeri Wirth, with a redescription, new distribution records and seasonal activity data (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="55" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698218309764" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="ACB8CF3D06FC0484AF08CDB62D336DA6">A new synonym of the biting midge, Culicoides bottimeri Wirth, with a redescription, new distribution records and seasonal activity data (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8844DF5DC3A6C9757E52F6A9CB66CABE">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9D85573918CE2DAD2CC3220D902785E">Grogan, William L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C8DBF216E7A3995393C463DFEBFB9994">Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5E79E162D2B7973AC9E52FE971A6E7A">Mullens, Bradley A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A622C765D6F13969645D84ACAB7AB08">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="DF36A87B881DE5D73C1B1521380ABF42">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C4404DFFCFA0714A65BD53FC45FD93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6257010" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119343969" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6257010" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4404DFFCFA0714A65BD53FC45FD93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4404DFFCFA0714A65BD53FC45FD93" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="C377A2D0FFCFA0774A65BD53FE4DFA85" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCFA0774A65BD53FD22FAA6" blockId="1.[264,760,1638,1699]" box="[264,760,1638,1664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<heading id="D09A4637FFCFA0774A65BD53FD22FAA6" bold="true" box="[264,760,1638,1664]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCFA0774A65BD53FD22FAA6" ID-CoL="8BPJ7" authority="Wirth" authorityName="Wirth" box="[264,760,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri" subGenus="Wirthomyia">
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774A65BD53FD22FAA6" bold="true" box="[264,760,1638,1664]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774A65BD53FE5DFAA6" bold="true" box="[264,391,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Culicoides</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774AF5BD53FDFFFAA6" bold="true" box="[408,549,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA077495ABD53FD7EFAA6" bold="true" box="[567,676,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">bottimeri</emphasis>
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Wirth
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCFA0774A65BDBCFE4DFA85" blockId="1.[264,760,1638,1699]" box="[264,407,1673,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCFA0774A7CBDBCFE54FA85" box="[273,398,1673,1699]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId-0="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,382,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox-0="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetBox-1="[475,1118,330,1199]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[468,1118,329,1206]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 10. Culicoides bottimeri: 7, head of female. 8, head of male. 9, ventral view of male genitalia at level of aedeagus and parameres. 10, dorsal view of male genitalia at level of tergite 9 and bases of parameres." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Figs. 1–10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377A2D0FFCFA0744A65BDEFFDC0FD55" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCFA0774A65BDEFFE46FB36" blockId="1.[264,1323,1753,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DD675FFCFA0774A65BDEFFE46FB36" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCFA0774A65BDEFFD7AFAD6" ID-CoL="8BPJ7" authority="Wirth 1955: 356" authorityName="Wirth" authorityPageNumber="356" authorityYear="1955" box="[264,672,1753,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774A65BDEFFE3FFAD7" box="[264,485,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Culicoides bottimeri</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD74AFFCFA0774A80BDECFD7AFAD6" author="Wirth" box="[493,672,1753,1776]" page="356" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCFA0774A80BDECFDB6FAD6" author="Wirth" box="[493,620,1753,1776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1955) Three new species of Culicoides from Texas (Diptera: Heleidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 45, 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1955">Wirth 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 356
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(female, male; Texas; figs. female palpus, male parameres, genitalia)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCFA0774A65BC2FFD78FB56" blockId="1.[264,1323,1753,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DD675FFCFA0774A65BC2FFD78FB56" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCFA0774A65BC2FFCCBFB16" ID-CoL="8BPJ7" authority="Wirth 1965: 129" authorityName="Wirth" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1965" box="[264,785,1817,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri" subGenus="Oecacta">
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774A65BC2FFEA0FB17" box="[264,378,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Culicoides</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774AE7BC2FFE39FB17" box="[394,483,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Oecacta</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774A9FBC2FFD8EFB17" box="[498,596,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">bottimeri</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD74AFFCFA077490FBC2CFCCBFB16" author="Wirth" box="[610,785,1817,1840]" page="129" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCFA077490FBC2CFD05FB16" author="Wirth" box="[610,735,1817,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Family Ceratopogonidae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. & Couson, J. R. (Eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Agriculture Handbook 276, pp. 121 - 142." type="journal article" year="1965">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 129
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in catalog; distribution)
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCFA0774A65BC0FFC96FB76" ID-CoL="8BPJ7" authority="Vargas 1973:112" authorityName="Vargas" authorityPageNumber="112" authorityYear="1973" box="[264,844,1849,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri" subGenus="Wirthomyia">
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774A65BC0FFEA0FB77" box="[264,378,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Culicoides</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA0774AE2BC0FFDD0FB77" box="[399,522,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCFA077494DBC0FFD58FB77" box="[544,642,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">bottimeri</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD74AFFCFA07749F8BC0CFC96FB76" author="Vargas" box="[661,844,1849,1872]" page="112" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCFA07749F8BC0CFCFAFB76" author="Vargas" box="[661,800,1849,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" refString="Vargas, L. (1973) Wirthomyia, a new subgenus of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Mosquito News, 33, 112 - 113." type="journal article" year="1973">Vargas 1973</bibRefCitation>
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:112
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(in new subgenus);
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD74AFFCFA0774F54BC0CFAF1FB76" author="Wirth" box="[1081,1323,1849,1872]" page="34" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCFA0774F54BC0CFADAFB76" author="Wirth" box="[1081,1280,1849,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L. & Peterson, B. V. (1985) An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 25, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 34
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</treatmentCitation>
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(female wing photo; distribution).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCCA0744A65BA29FDC0FD55" blockId="2.[264,1323,284,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DD675FFCCA0744A65BA29FDC0FD55" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCCA0744A65BA29FC8BFD15" ID-CoL="8839Y" authority="Atchley & Wirth 1975: 1421" authorityName="Atchley & Wirth" authorityPageNumber="1421" authorityYear="1975" box="[264,849,284,307]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744A65BA29FDC9FD15" box="[264,531,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Culicoides multidentatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD74AFFCCA0744976BA29FC8BFD15" author="Atchley" box="[539,849,284,307]" page="1421" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" year="1975">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCCA0744976BA29FCCBFD15" author="Atchley" box="[539,785,284,307]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" refString="Atchley, W. R. & Wirth, W. W. (1975) Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 421 - 423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley & Wirth 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1421
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(female; Arizona, California, New
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<collectingCountry id="F37AB1CBFFCCA0744FBFBA29FAFDFD15" box="[1234,1319,284,307]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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; figs. eyes, antenna, palpus, spermathecae);
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCD74AFFCCA0744864BA09FC33FD75" author="Wirth" box="[777,1001,316,339]" page="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" year="1985">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCCA0744864BA09FC19FD75" author="Wirth" box="[777,963,316,339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L. & Peterson, B. V. (1985) An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 25, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 38
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(female wing photo; distribution).
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<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744A15BA6EFDC0FD55" bold="true" box="[376,538,347,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">New Synonym</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C377A2D0FFCCA0744A65BA96FACDFFD4" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCCA0744A65BA96FACDFFD4" blockId="2.[264,1325,419,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
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||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744A65BA96FE50FD9B" bold="true" box="[264,394,419,445]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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A species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCCA0744957BA91FD6DFD9B" box="[570,695,420,445]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744957BA91FD6DFD9B" box="[570,695,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Culicoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCCA07448E0BA91FBCCFD9B" box="[909,1046,420,445]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Wirthomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA07448E0BA91FBCCFD9B" box="[909,1046,420,445]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distinguished from all other North American species in the genus by the following combination of characters: Female: antennal flagellum with sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1–8, distal 5 flagellomeres considerably longer than proximal 8, antennal ratio 0.91–1.04; 3rd palpal segment moderately to greatly swollen, bearing broad, round shallow sensory pit, palpal ratio 1.79–2.42; mandible with 9–12 tiny teeth; lacinia with 25–37 teeth; thorax including femora and tibiae brown, tarsi slightly lighter in color, fore tibia with faint pale basal band; wing unpatterned, bearing numerous macrotrichia on wing membrane and veins, wing length
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<quantity id="4C955CBEFFCCA0744A0EB9DDFDC0FF24" box="[355,538,744,770]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="0.87" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.025" valueMax="1.18" valueMin="0.87">0.87–1.18 mm</quantity>
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, costal ratio 0.46–0.55; sternite 8 with distinctive Mshaped sclerotization bearing pair of widely spaced setae; 2 ovoid spermathecae with short necks plus small rudimentary spermatheca, sclerotized ring absent. Male: slightly smaller, similar to female; genitalia with large, elongate, conical, widely spaced apicolateral processes; aedeagus with slender basal arms, deep basal arch and short, truncate apical projection; parameres separate, with small, ventral, molarlike knobs, distal portion slender, elongate, sabershaped, bearing numerous serrations on inner and outer margins.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C377A2D0FFCCA0754A55BF35FC95F808" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCCA0744A55BF35FB15FAD7" blockId="2.[264,1325,419,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744A55BF35FE40F83C" bold="true" box="[312,410,1024,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744AC4BF35FE33F83F" box="[425,489,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCCA0744A92BF35FD95F83C" box="[511,591,1024,1050]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[475,1118,330,1199]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1118,329,1206]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Culicoides bottimeri: 7, head of female. 8, head of male. 9, ventral view of male genitalia at level of aedeagus and parameres. 10, dorsal view of male genitalia at level of tergite 9 and bases of parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171756/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): Brown. Eyes bare, contiguous to narrowly separated by 0.2–0.6X the diameter of ommatidium. Sensilla coeloconica on flagellomeres 1–8, usually in groups of 3 except in groups of 5 on flagellomere 1 (occasionally in groups of 3 or 4), rarely single or double on flagellomeres 7 and 8; antennal ratio 0.98 (0.91–1.04,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744FA1BF4DFB01F8B7" box="[1228,1243,1144,1169]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 27). Segment 3 of palpus 1.4X as long as segments 4+5 combined; moderately to greatly swollen; palpal ratio 2.11 (1.79–2.42,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA074498DBFFDFD35F8C7" box="[736,751,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 28); sensory pit broad, round, not enlarged internally, about half as deep as width of opening. Proboscis short, proboscis/head ratio 0.6–0.7; mandible with 9–12 tiny teeth; lacinia with 25–37 large teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744F01BE2DFB1AF917" box="[1132,1216,1304,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Brown, without distinct pattern. Legs light brown, faint pale basal band on fore tibia; tarsi slightly paler; femoraltibial joints dark; hind tibial comb with 5, rarely 6 spines, 1st and 2nd spines from spur subequal in length; hind tarsomere 1 lacking apical spines. Wing devoid of pattern; macrotrichia abundant over entire wing surface and veins except sparse near wing base and in basal portions of cells r3, m2, and anal cell; wing length 0.99 (0.87–1.18) mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744A65BD25FECCFA0F" box="[264,278,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33, breadth 0.47 (0.40–0.57) mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA07449A1BD25FD01FA0F" box="[716,731,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 34; costal ratio 0.53 (0.46–0.55,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744F11BD25FB51FA0F" box="[1148,1163,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 33). Halter pale, rarely infuscated proximally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA07449CEBD0DFCC8FA77" box="[675,786,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Brown. Sternite 8 with distinct, dark brown, sclerotized Mshaped area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCCA074493CBD6AFD4DFA5F" box="[593,663,1631,1657]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) bearing pair of large setae. Two ovoid, unequalsized spermathecae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCCA0744ADBBDB2FDFCFA87" box="[438,550,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
) with short to slightly elongated tapering necks, necks about 0.1X as long as spermathecae, plus small, ovoid, rudimentary spermatheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCCA0744F15BD9AFB1EFAEF" box="[1144,1220,1711,1737]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) that is moderately well developed in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCCA0744854BDE2FC70FAD7" box="[825,938,1751,1777]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
); sclerotized ring absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCCA0754A55BDCAFC95F808" blockId="2.[264,1325,419,1897]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,1070]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744A55BDCAFEA4FB3F" bold="true" box="[312,382,1791,1817]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Slightly smaller, similar to female, with the following notable sexual differences.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCCA0744AF4BC1DFE02FB67" box="[409,472,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCCA0744A84BC12FDEAFB67" box="[489,560,1831,1857]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[475,1118,330,1199]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1118,329,1206]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Culicoides bottimeri: 7, head of female. 8, head of male. 9, ventral view of male genitalia at level of aedeagus and parameres. 10, dorsal view of male genitalia at level of tergite 9 and bases of parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171756/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes contiguous. Antennal flagellum with sensilla coeloconica present on flagellomeres 1, 5–10, occasionally absent on 5, 9 or 10. Palpal segment 3 slightly longer than segments 4+5 combined, only slightly swollen, nearly cylindrical; palpal ratio 2.94 (2.38–3.60,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754907BA71FDA3FD7B" box="[618,633,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14); sensory pit small, round, 1.2X deeper than wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754A65BA59FE86FDA3" box="[264,348,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Femoraltibial joints not darkened; hind tibial comb with 5 spines, 2nd from spur longest; hind tarsomeres lacking apical spines. Wing with macrotrichia on anteriodistal portion of membrane, sparse over remaining distal 2/3, absent on proximal 1/3; wing length 0.87 (0.76–1.03,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754972BAD1FDF4FDDB" box="[543,558,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) mm, breadth 0.33 (0.27–0.41,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA07548B7BAD1FC33FDDB" box="[986,1001,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14) mm; costal ratio 0.46 (0.43–0.50,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754AFAB939FE7CFE03" box="[407,422,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15). Halter pale, rarely infuscated.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754809B939FC08FE03" box="[868,978,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCDA0754889B939FBBDFE00" box="[996,1127,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1234,1258]" captionTargetBox="[475,1118,330,1199]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[468,1118,329,1206]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Culicoides bottimeri: 7, head of female. 8, head of male. 9, ventral view of male genitalia at level of aedeagus and parameres. 10, dorsal view of male genitalia at level of tergite 9 and bases of parameres." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171756/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
|
||
): Sternite 9 with broad, shallow caudomedian excavation, ventral membrane spiculate; tergite 9 long, tapering distally, without medial notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCDA07549B7B969FCFAFE50" box="[730,800,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) in most specimens, with small medial point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCDA0754A7CB9B1FE87FEB8" box="[273,349,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) in most specimens from Utah, apicolateral process triangular, elongate, apex pointed. Gonocoxite nearly straight, roots simple; dorsal root short, broad; ventral root long, sinuate, apices nearly touching but not obviously joined, without heellike process. Gonostylus swollen basally, curved, gradually tapering on distal 0.8, tip narrowly pointed. Aedeagus with long slender, slightly recurved apically basal arms; basal arch, broad, deep, trapezoidal, extending about 0.8 of total length of aedeagus; distal median process small, slightly longer than broad, with small apicolateral points and small apical projection that is directed ventrally. Parameres separate, each half long, with small ventral molarlike knobs at base and subbasally on proximal portion, abruptly bent on mid portion; distal portion heavily sclerotized, elongate, curved, saberlike, with row of 9–12 pairs of spicules along proximal 2/3 and 7–11 serrations along distal 1/3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF12A1D3FFCDA0754A65BDF5FE4FFB7D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCDA0754A65BDF5FE4FFB7D" blockId="3.[264,1323,1727,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754A65BDF5FE6CFAFE" bold="true" box="[264,438,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">FIGURES 1–6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCDA0754AA6BDF4FD71FAFE" box="[459,683,1729,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754AA6BDF4FD71FAFE" box="[459,683,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Culicoides bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA07549AFBDF5FD0DFAFE" bold="true" box="[706,727,1728,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">1,</emphasis>
|
||
genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754F96BDF5FAF1FAFE" bold="true" box="[1275,1323,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">2–4,</emphasis>
|
||
variation in spermathecae of female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA07549FABDD4FD71FADF" bold="true" box="[663,683,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">2,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Kerr Co., Texas.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754F7FBDD4FBFCFADF" bold="true" box="[1042,1062,1761,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">3,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754AC9BC36FE63FB3D" bold="true" box="[420,441,1795,1819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">4,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Grand Co., Utah.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA075485EBC36FCB9FB3D" bold="true" box="[819,867,1793,1819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">5–6,</emphasis>
|
||
variation in apex of tergite 9 of male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754E7BBC36FAF1FB3D" bold="true" box="[1302,1323,1795,1819]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">5,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCDA0754804BC16FCA4FB1D" bold="true" box="[873,894,1827,1851]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">6,</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF12A1D3FFCAA0724A65BFE7FDDDF916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171756/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[475,1118,330,1199]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCAA0724A65BFE7FDDDF916" blockId="4.[264,1323,1233,1328]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724A65BFE7FE67F8CC" bold="true" box="[264,445,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 7–10</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCAA0724AA6BFE6FD7CF8CC" box="[459,678,1235,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724AA6BFE6FD7CF8CC" box="[459,678,1235,1258]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Culicoides bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA07249D9BFE7FD12F8CC" bold="true" box="[692,712,1234,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">7,</emphasis>
|
||
head of female.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724810BFE7FC4BF8CC" bold="true" box="[893,913,1234,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">8,</emphasis>
|
||
head of male.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724F5CBFE7FB9CF8CC" bold="true" box="[1073,1094,1234,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">9,</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view of male genitalia at level of aedeagus and parameres.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA072499EBFC3FCCFF928" bold="true" box="[755,789,1270,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">10,</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view of male genitalia at level of tergite 9 and bases of parameres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C377A2D0FFCAA0734A55BEBEFE58FE7E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCAA0724A55BEBEFBB0F983" blockId="4.[264,1325,1419,1885]" box="[312,1130,1419,1445]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724A55BEBEFE00F983" bold="true" box="[312,474,1419,1445]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
California east to Texas and Utah (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724817BEBEFB83F983" bold="true" box="[890,1113,1419,1445]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">New State Record</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCAA0734A55BE86FE58FE7E" blockId="4.[264,1325,1419,1885]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,1000]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724A55BE86FD9FF9EB" bold="true" box="[312,581,1459,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
|
||
Arizona: Cochise Co., Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mtns.,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724F97BE86FE9FF9D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1957-07">July 1957</date>
|
||
, W. Brown (light),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724958BEEEFD44F9D3" box="[565,670,1499,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCAA07249DDBEEEFCC2F9D3" box="[688,792,1499,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCAA0724825BEE9FBD7F9D3" box="[840,1037,1500,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724825BEE9FBD7F9D3" box="[840,1037,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM); Yavapai Co., Oak Creek at Deer Pass Crossing,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA07249F1BD36FCE0FA3B" box="[668,826,1539,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1977-05-11">11 May 1977</date>
|
||
, M. W. Sanderson, LT,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724F20BD36FB69FA3B" box="[1101,1203,1539,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCAA0724FAFBD36FAF0FA3B" box="[1218,1322,1539,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCAA0724A5EBD19FDDBFA63" box="[307,513,1580,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724A5EBD19FDDBFA63" box="[307,513,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM). California: Butte Co., Oroville,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724F5ABD1EFB75FA63" box="[1079,1199,1579,1605]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1915-06-01" valueMax="1915-06-09" valueMin="1915-06-01">6/15/01–9</date>
|
||
/16/01, L. McClellan, UV Light (UCRC); Mendocino Co., Hopland,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA07248D1BD66FB86FA4B" box="[956,1116,1619,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1966-06-15">15 June 1966</date>
|
||
, M. Knudsen, ex. Quail,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724A36BD4EFE08FAB3" box="[347,466,1659,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724A8CBD4EFD5DFAB3" box="[481,647,1659,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1966-06-27">27 June 1966</date>
|
||
, Murphy & Knudsen, ex. Quail trap,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724F39BD4EFB1AFAB3" box="[1108,1216,1659,1685]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724FA2BD4EFE9FFA9B" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1966-06-28">28 June 1966</date>
|
||
, F. K. Murphy, ex. Quail,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724915BD96FD3BFA9B" box="[632,737,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724980BD96FC4AFA9B" box="[749,912,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1966-08-21">21 Aug. 1966</date>
|
||
, F. K. Murphy, ex. Quail,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724FA9BD96FAF0FA9B" box="[1220,1322,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(all are
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCAA0724A0DBDFEFE08FAC3" box="[352,466,1739,1765]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCAA0724A95BDF9FD62FAC3" box="[504,696,1740,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724A95BDF9FD62FAC3" box="[504,696,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM); San Luis Obispo Co., Paso Robles,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724FBEBDFEFE9FFB2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1948-06-25">25 June 1948</date>
|
||
, W. W. Wirth,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724A9BBDC6FD87FB2B" box="[502,605,1779,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCAA0724903BDC6FD0CFB2B" box="[622,726,1779,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCAA0724993BDC1FC1AFB2B" box="[766,960,1780,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724993BDC1FC1AFB2B" box="[766,960,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM). New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37AB1CBFFCAA0724F13BDC6FB06FB2B" box="[1150,1244,1779,1805]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Grant Co., Roberts Lake,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724A9CBC2EFD54FB13" box="[497,654,1819,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1965-07-31">31 July 1965</date>
|
||
, W. R. Atchley,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724839BC2EFC66FB13" box="[852,956,1819,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCAA07248A0BC2EFBEFFB13" box="[973,1077,1819,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCAA0724F0DBC29FAF9FB13" box="[1120,1315,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCAA0724F0DBC29FAF9FB13" box="[1120,1315,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM). Texas: Kerr Co., Kerrville, July–
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCAA0724869BC76FC44FB7B" box="[772,926,1859,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" value="1953-08-04">4 Aug. 1953</date>
|
||
, L. J. Bottimer, LT,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0724FFABC76FAD7FB7B" box="[1175,1293,1859,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCAA0734E71BC76FE96FD10" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCBA0734A31BA29FE0AFD10" box="[348,464,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734A95BA29FD5CFD13" box="[504,646,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734A95BA29FD5CFD13" box="[504,646,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM),
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA073486FBA29FC46FD10" box="[770,924,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="1955-04-01">1 April 1955</date>
|
||
, W. W. Wirth, light trap,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734FA8BA29FAF1FD10" box="[1221,1323,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(WLG collection); Gillespie Co., Fredericksburg,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734804BA71FC01FD78" box="[873,987,324,350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="1967-07">VII 1967</date>
|
||
, Blanton & Borchers, light trap,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734A28BA59FE4EFDA0" box="[325,404,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
(WLG collection). Utah: Grand Co., W. Moab,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA07348A1BA59FBE7FDA0" box="[972,1085,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2003-06-19">19VI03</date>
|
||
, R. A. Phillips, CO2 trap,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734A24BAA2FE6CFD97" box="[329,438,407,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFCBA0734AAABAA2FDDDFD97" box="[455,519,407,433]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
SW Moab,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA07349C9BAA2FCCBFD97" box="[676,785,407,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2000-09-13">13IX00</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734876BAA2FC46FD97" box="[795,924,407,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2001-08-15">15VIII01</date>
|
||
, R. A. Phillips, LT,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734FF0BAA2FAD1FD97" box="[1181,1291,407,433]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734E76BAA2FE95FDFF" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734A36BA8AFE65FDFF" box="[347,447,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2002-05-29">29V02</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734AA5BA8AFD9DFDFF" box="[456,583,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2003-08-15">15VIII03</date>
|
||
, R. A. Phillips, UVLT,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734837BA8AFC14FDFF" box="[858,974,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA07348B7BA8AFBEDFDFF" box="[986,1079,447,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFCBA0734F2EBA8AFBA5FDFF" box="[1091,1151,447,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Moab,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734E69BA8AFE8AFE27" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2001-06-26">26 VI01</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734A37BAD2FE61FE27" box="[346,443,487,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2003-10-11">11X03</date>
|
||
, R. A. Phillips, CO2 trap,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA073499DBAD2FCBFFE27" box="[752,869,487,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA073481FBAD2FC0AFE27" box="[882,976,487,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFCBA07348B1BAD2FBC2FE27" box="[988,1048,487,513]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Moab,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734FF2BAD2FAD9FE27" box="[1183,1283,487,513]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2001-05-30">30V01</date>
|
||
, R. A. Phillips, CO2 trap,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734963B926FDA3FE0B" box="[526,633,531,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFCBA07349E8B926FD19FE0B" box="[645,707,531,557]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
SE Moab,
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFCBA0734827B926FC76FE0B" box="[842,940,531,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" value="2002-09-05">5IX02</date>
|
||
, R. A. Phillips, UVLT,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFCBA0734FA9B926FAF0FE0B" box="[1220,1322,531,557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(MMAD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C377A2D0FFCBA0714A55B953FC45FD93" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCBA0734A55B953FB59FFCE" blockId="5.[264,1323,284,1000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734A55B953FD80FEA6" bold="true" box="[312,602,614,640]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Taxonomic discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
Our examination of recently collected specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734E7DB952FEA9FE8E" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734E7DB952FEA9FE8E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Butte County, California, and Grand County, Utah, provide convincing evidence for relegating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA073494DB982FD38FEF6" box="[544,738,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA073494DB982FD38FEF6" box="[544,738,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to a junior objective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734F19B982FAD8FEF6" box="[1140,1282,695,720]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734F19B982FAD8FEF6" box="[1140,1282,695,720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In his original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734951B9EAFCABFEDE" authority="Wirth (1955)" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1955" box="[572,881,734,760]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734951B9EAFD10FEDE" box="[572,714,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFCBA07349B5B9EBFCABFEDE" author="Wirth" box="[728,881,734,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1955) Three new species of Culicoides from Texas (Diptera: Heleidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 45, 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1955">Wirth (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stated that the spermathecae have the “bases of the ducts not sclerotized”, but did not illustrate these structures. However, our examination of four female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCBA0734934B81BFD13FF6E" box="[601,713,814,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734998B81AFC5CFF6E" box="[757,902,815,840]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734998B81AFC5CFF6E" box="[757,902,815,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus an additional female that was identified by W.W. Wirth as this species, all from the typelocality in Kerrville, Texas, revealed that their spermathecae have short tapering necks. These necks are particularly evident on the larger spermatheca of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFCBA073498BB893FC91FFE6" box="[742,843,934,960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
from Kerrville, Texas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCBA0734F00B893FB62FFE6" box="[1133,1208,934,960]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), and are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734A89B8FAFD7FFFCE" box="[484,677,975,1000]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734A89B8FAFD7FFFCE" box="[484,677,975,1000]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Arizona (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCBA0734836B8FBFC7BFFCE" box="[859,929,974,1000]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and Utah (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFCBA0734F40B8FBFBAFFFCE" box="[1069,1141,974,1000]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF12A1D3FFCBA0734A65BDB2FE53FAE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171757/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[314,1285,1082,1649]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCBA0734A65BDB2FE53FAE5" blockId="5.[264,1323,1671,1732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734A65BDB2FE43FAB9" bold="true" box="[264,409,1671,1695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Seasonal distribution of adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734994BDBDFC0CFAB9" box="[761,982,1672,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734994BDBDFC0CFAB9" box="[761,982,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Culicoides bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Grand County, Utah during 2001–2003.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFCBA0704A55BDCDFD32FE00" blockId="5.[264,1322,1784,1890]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The Texas specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA0734900BDCDFCDBFB37" box="[621,769,1784,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA0734900BDCDFCDBFB37" box="[621,769,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 27–30 lacinial teeth and 11 or 12 tiny mandibular teeth, both of which are within the range (25–35 lacinial and 9–12 mandibular teeth) for specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFCBA07349F6BC7DFC84FB47" box="[667,862,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFCBA07349F6BC7DFC84FB47" box="[667,862,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Texas and California and similar to the 33 (stand. dev. 2.878) lacinial and 9 (stand. dev. 1.862) mandibular teeth described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704A59BA71FE22FD7B" box="[308,504,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704A59BA71FE22FD7B" box="[308,504,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A0704947BA71FC8BFD78" author="Atchley" box="[554,849,324,350]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Atchley, W. R. & Wirth, W. W. (1975) Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 421 - 423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley & Wirth (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The only character that we discovered that would distinguish the Texas females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A070482BBA59FC06FDA3" box="[838,988,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A070482BBA59FC06FDA3" box="[838,988,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D64FF9FFC8A0704F05BA59FB02FDA0" box="[1128,1240,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704E7DBA59FE7DFD8B" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704E7DBA59FE7DFD8B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from California, was the greater number of sensilla coeloconica on their proximal 8 flagellomeres, which are usually in groups of 3 or
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFC8A0704880BA89FBC1FDF0" box="[1005,1051,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704F49BA89FB69FDF3" box="[1060,1203,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704F49BA89FB69FDF3" box="[1060,1203,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but range from
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFC8A0704A3DBAD1FE1DFDD8" box="[336,455,484,510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704ABBBAD1FD45FDDB" box="[470,671,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704ABBBAD1FD45FDDB" box="[470,671,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, we do not consider any of these minor differences to be of specific significance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFC8A0704A55B901FD90FF40" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704ACAB901FDEFFE6B" box="[423,565,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704ACAB901FDEFFE6B" box="[423,565,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Texas and California are virtually indistinguishable except for the reduced number of sensilla coeloconica on the proximal flagellomeres of the California males. The males from Utah differ from those from California and Texas by their slightly reduced sensillar pattern, and most Utah specimens possess a small medial point between the apicolateral processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFC8A0704869B9E1FC8AFEC8" box="[772,848,724,750]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1728,1752]" captionTargetBox="[290,1287,1125,1699]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1315,1101,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Culicoides bottimeri: 1, genital sclerotization on sternite 8 of female. 2 – 4, variation in spermathecae of female. 2, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas. 3, specimen from Yavapai Co., Arizona. 4, specimen from Grand Co., Utah. 5 – 6, variation in apex of tergite 9 of male. 5, specimen from Kerr Co., Texas, without medial point. 6, specimen from Grand Co., Utah, with medial point." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171755/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), from which they also differ from all California males. However, only 8 of the 9 slidemounted males from Utah that we examined possess this medial point, an indication that this character is variable even within the Utah population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFC8A0704A55B841FEA1FA28" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
In their wing atlas of the Nearctic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A070482EB841FB72FFA8" authority="Wirth et al. (1985)" authorityName="Wirth et al." authorityYear="1985" box="[835,1192,884,910]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A070482EB841FC1AFFAB" box="[835,960,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Culicoides</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A07048A2B841FB72FFA8" box="[975,1192,884,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L. & Peterson, B. V. (1985) An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 25, 1 - 72." type="journal article">Wirth et al. (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apparently did not assign
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704AD9B8A9FDAFFF93" box="[436,629,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704AD9B8A9FDAFFF93" box="[436,629,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704851B8A9FC19FF93" box="[828,963,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Wirthomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704851B8A9FC19FF93" box="[828,963,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as they included it in a group of “miscellaneous unplaced species.” Because our study demonstrates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704E7DB8F1FE7DF823" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704E7DB8F1FE7DF823" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. multidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A07049B1B8D9FC92F823" box="[732,840,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A07049B1B8D9FC92F823" box="[732,840,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we believe that both forms belong to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704AE8BF21FDD6F80B" box="[389,524,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Wirthomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704AE8BF21FDD6F80B" box="[389,524,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only other North American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704F39BF21FB0BF80B" box="[1108,1233,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704F39BF21FB0BF80B" box="[1108,1233,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Culicoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704A12BF09FDD2F873" box="[383,520,1084,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Wirthomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704A12BF09FDD2F873" box="[383,520,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704974BF09FC28F870" authority="Foote & Pratt (1954)" authorityName="Foote & Pratt" authorityYear="1954" box="[537,1010,1084,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stilobezzioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704974BF09FD33F873" box="[537,745,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. stilobezzioides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A070499EBF09FC28F870" author="Foote" box="[755,1010,1084,1110]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Foote, R. H. & Pratt, H. D. (1954) The Culicoides of the eastern United States (Diptera, Heleidae). United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Monograph 18, 53 pp." type="book" year="1954">Foote & Pratt (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has a boreal distribution, ranging from Newfoundland and Ontario, south to New York, west to Minnesota and Nebraska, and in the northwest from Alaska south to Washington. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704F05BFB9FB2CF883" box="[1128,1270,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704F05BFB9FB2CF883" box="[1128,1270,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704A1FBF81FD9EF8EB" box="[370,580,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stilobezzioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704A1FBF81FD9EF8EB" box="[370,580,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. stilobezzioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is pale gray and lacks definitive spots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A0704F5EBF81FAFCF8E8" author="Foote" box="[1075,1318,1204,1230]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Foote, R. H. & Pratt, H. D. (1954) The Culicoides of the eastern United States (Diptera, Heleidae). United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Monograph 18, 53 pp." type="book" year="1954">Foote & Pratt 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A0704A65BFE9FE19F8D0" author="Jamnback" box="[264,451,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Jamnback, H. (1965) The Culicoides of New York State (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 399, viii + 154 pp." type="book" year="1965">Jamnback 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A0704ABFBFE9FD7BF8D0" author="Wirth" box="[466,673,1244,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W., Dyce, A. L. & Peterson, B. V. (1985) An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 25, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A070482EBFE9FBC8F8D3" box="[835,1042,1244,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stilobezzioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A070482EBFE9FBC8F8D3" box="[835,1042,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. stilobezzioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704E7DBFE9FEA9F93B" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704E7DBFE9FEA9F93B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being larger (female wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFC8A0704815BE31FBE9F938" box="[888,1075,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.50–1.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
), having the wing macrotrichia shorter but more extensively distributed on the proximal portion of the wing, the costa longer (costal ratio 0.59–0.62), and the palpal pit deeper, being nearly as deep as the width of the pit opening. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A07049A3BE49FC41F9B3" box="[718,923,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stilobezzioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A07049A3BE49FC41F9B3" box="[718,923,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. stilobezzioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have only 3 or 4 long spicules on the subapices of the distal portions of their parameres, in contrast to the numerous spicules and serrations along the entire length of the distal portions of the parameres of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704E7DBEF9FEA9FA2B" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704E7DBEF9FEA9FA2B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F15BFFC8A0714A55BD29FC45FD93" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,437]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704A55BD29FE1EFA10" bold="true" box="[312,452,1564,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Bionomics:</emphasis>
|
||
Numerous specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704999BD29FC59FA13" box="[756,899,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704999BD29FC59FA13" box="[756,899,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were captured by light trap in both California and Utah from late May through early October. Published records for this species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A0704AE3BD59FDF7FAA0" author="Wirth" box="[398,557,1644,1670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1955) Three new species of Culicoides from Texas (Diptera: Heleidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 45, 355 - 359." type="journal article" year="1955">Wirth (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A0704951BD59FCB8FAA0" author="Atchley" box="[572,866,1644,1670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Atchley, W. R. & Wirth, W. W. (1975) Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 421 - 423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley & Wirth (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC8A07048CBBD59FB19FAA0" box="[934,1219,1644,1670]" pageId="6" pageNumber="54" refString="Weinmann, C. J., Murphy, K., Anderson, J. R., DeMartini, J. C., Longhurst, W. M., & Connolly, G. (1979) Seasonal prevalence, pathology, and transmission of the quail heartworm, Splendidofilaria californiensis (Wehr and Herman, 1956), in northern California. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57, 1871 - 1877." type="journal article">Weinmann et al. (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate similar seasonal distributions.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356EDDEFFC8A0704918BDA1FD3DFA88" box="[629,743,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[314,1285,1082,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[290,1297,1057,1663]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Seasonal distribution of adult Culicoides bottimeri in Grand County, Utah during 2001 – 2003." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171757/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
depicts seasonal activity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704F2EBDA1FB09FA8B" box="[1091,1235,1684,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704F2EBDA1FB09FA8B" box="[1091,1235,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during
|
||
<quantity id="4C955CBEFFC8A0704A65BD89FE70FAF0" box="[264,426,1724,1750]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08508" metricValueMax="5.087619999999999" metricValueMin="5.08254" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="in" value="2002.0" valueMax="2003.0" valueMin="2001.0">
|
||
<date id="FFD3D79BFFC8A0704A65BD89FE56FAF0" box="[264,396,1724,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2001" valueMax="2003">2001–2003</date>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
Grand County, Utah. Females had a relatively low capture rate, with carbon dioxide baited (but unlit) traps, when compared with most other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC8A0704FCBBDD1FAF9FADB" box="[1190,1315,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC8A0704FCBBDD1FAF9FADB" box="[1190,1315,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Culicoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B3AD2FFC8A0704A27BC39FE3DFB00" box="[330,487,1804,1830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were captured by carbon dioxide baited traps, whereas 104 individuals were captured by light traps, even though 70% of the trapping effort in Utah was with carbon dioxide alone. Some birdfeeding species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC9A07148E8BA29FBD8FD13" box="[901,1026,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC9A07148E8BA29FBD8FD13" box="[901,1026,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">Culicoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while common in light traps, may be poorly collected by CO2baited suction traps (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC8CAAFFC9A07148BBBA71FB3DFD78" author="Mullens" box="[982,1255,324,350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" refString="Mullens, B. A. & Dada, C. E. 1992. Spatial and seasonal distribution of potential vectors of hemorrhagic disease viruses to peninsular bighorn sheep in the Santa Rosa Mountains of southern California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 28, 192 - 205." type="journal article" year="1992">Mullens & Dada 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ornithophilic feeding habits of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8AD8FFC9A071499EBA45FC5AFDAF" box="[755,896,368,393]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bottimeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192D49FFC9A071499EBA45FC5AFDAF" box="[755,896,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="54">C. bottimeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely explain why CO2baited traps yielded only about 10% of the females captured in Utah.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |