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<mods:title id="88AEC9A260E312A9B74ED72CF5359264">Review of the plant bug genus Prolygus and related mirine taxa from eastern Asia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7ACACCE837382388AB41EE90C15FCC3">Schwartz, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B842FF19FDCA7F5B" ID-CoL="6WPB" ID-ENA="567416" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" box="[316,594,237,262]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B842FF19FDCA7F5B" bold="true" box="[316,594,237,262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B842FF19FE067F58" bold="true" box="[316,414,237,261]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B8DBFF1BFDCA7F5B" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[421,594,239,262]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A95D614FF996902B9E9FEE0FE397F7A" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[151,417,276,295]" page="137" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B9E9FEE0FE397F7A" ID-CoL="6WPB" authority="Carvalho, 1987: 137" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,417,276,295]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9E9FEE0FF7C7F7A" box="[151,228,276,295]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B992FEE0FE397F7A" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[236,417,276,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987: 137</bibRefCitation>
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(original description),
<typeStatus id="548F4EA7FF996902BB11FEE0FD0C7F7A" box="[623,660,276,295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">type</typeStatus>
species by original designation:
<treatmentCitation id="0A95D614FF996902B815FEDBFD3B7F1F" author="POPPIUS B." box="[363,675,303,322]" page="353" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="1914">
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B815FEDBFD3B7F1F" authority="Poppius, 1914: 353" authorityName="Poppius" authorityPageNumber="353" authorityYear="1914" box="[363,675,303,322]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papuanus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B815FEDBFE6D7F1F" box="[363,501,303,322]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Lygus papuanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B885FEDBFD3B7F1F" author="POPPIUS B." box="[507,675,303,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="337 - 398" refId="ref23287" refString="POPPIUS B. 1914: Zur Kenntnis der Indo-Australischen Lygus-Arten. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 337 - 398." type="journal article" year="1914">Poppius, 1914: 353</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8BF005FF996902B9E9FEBEFE547FCF" blockId="2.[151,760,276,402]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB24D72BFF996902B9E9FEBEFE547FCF" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<treatmentCitation id="0A95D614FF996902B9E9FEBEFE137F00" author="SCHUH R. T." box="[151,395,330,349]" page="941" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="1995">
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B9E9FEBEFEFC7F00" ID-CoL="6WPB" authority=": SCHUH (1995)" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,356,330,349]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9E9FEBEFF7B7F00" box="[151,227,330,349]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B993FEBEFEFC7F00" author="SCHUH R. T." box="[237,356,330,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" refId="ref23381" refString="SCHUH R. T. 1995: Plant bugs of the world (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). Systematic catalog, distributions, host list and bibliography. The New York Entomological Society, New York, xii + 1329 pp." type="book" year="1995">SCHUH (1995)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: 941
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(catalog);
<treatmentCitation id="0A95D614FF996902B89BFEBEFD607F00" author="KERZHNER I. M. &amp; JOSIFOV M." box="[485,760,330,349]" page="172" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B89BFEBEFD497F00" author="KERZHNER I. M. &amp; JOSIFOV M." box="[485,721,330,349]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="1 - 576" refId="ref23018" refString="KERZHNER I. M. &amp; JOSIFOV M. 1999: Family Miridae Hahn, 1833. Pp. 1 - 576. In: AUKEMA B. &amp; RIEGER CH. (eds.): Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region. Vol. 3. Cimicomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam, xiv + 577 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">KERZHNER &amp; JOSIFOV (1999)</bibRefCitation>
: 172
</treatmentCitation>
(catalog);
<treatmentCitation id="0A95D614FF996902B877FE90FE5D7F2A" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[265,453,356,375]" page="260" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B877FE90FE067F2A" author="YASUNAGA T." box="[265,414,356,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="111 - 351" refId="ref23650" refString="YASUNAGA T. 2001: Family Miridae Hahn, plant bugs. In: YASUNAGA T., TAKAI M. &amp; KAWASAWA T. (eds.): A Field Guide to Japanese Bugs II. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai Publ. Co. Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 2 - 96, 111 - 351 (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="2001">YASUNAGA (2001)</bibRefCitation>
: 260
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis);
<treatmentCitation id="0A95D614FF996902BB4EFE90FD607F2A" author="ZHENG L. Y. &amp; LU N. &amp; LIU G. &amp; XU B." box="[560,760,356,375]" page="560" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BB4EFE90FD497F2A" author="ZHENG L. Y. &amp; LU N. &amp; LIU G. &amp; XU B." box="[560,721,356,375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" refId="ref23942" refString="ZHENG L. Y., LU N., LIU G. &amp; XU B. 2004: Hemiptera, Miridae, Mirinae. Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 33. Science Press, Beijing, xix + 797 pp., 8 pls. (in Chinese, with English keys and descriptions of new taxa)." type="book" year="2004">ZHENG et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
: 560
</treatmentCitation>
(diagnosis, key to Chinese spp.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EA38EFF996902B9E9FE5FFE5A7DBF" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8BF005FF996902B9E9FE5FFE5A7DBF" blockId="2.[151,763,427,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9E9FE5FFE947F9F" bold="true" box="[151,268,427,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B86BFE5FFEEC7F9F" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" box="[277,372,427,450]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B86BFE5FFEEC7F9F" box="[277,372,427,450]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other similar taxa of the
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B86EFE3FFED77FBF" authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1833" box="[272,335,459,482]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B86EFE3FFED77FBF" box="[272,335,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Lygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex by the following combination of characters: Body elongate oval, small to medium in size (3.0
<quantity id="4CCC5DE0FF996902B981FDFFFECE7C7F" box="[255,342,523,546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
); antenna uniformly linear, 0.660.75× as long as body; clavus at least basally with two or three rows of keeled lines parallel to claval vein (cf.
<figureCitation id="130FEC80FF996902BBEAFDBFFD6B7C3F" box="[660,755,587,610]" captionStart="Figs 111" captionStartId="3.[151,188,2009,2028]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,374,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-16@3.[151,1436,374,1980]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 111. Habitus images of genuine Prolygus species, live individuals. 12 P. disciger (Poppius, 1915) (1 –♁, Pingtung, Taiwan; 2 –♁, Chaiyaphum, Thailand), 35 P. papuanus (Poppius, 1915) (3 ♀, attracted to FL light in Brastagi, N. Sumatra; 45 ♁, Kathmandu, Nepal), 611 P. nigriclavus (Poppius, 1915) (6 ♁, Kathmandu; 7 ♀, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand; 8 ♁, darkened individual, Nantou, Taiwan; 911 reared ♁ emerging, Rasuwa, Nepal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504809/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130FEC80FF996902B9E9FD9FFF667CDF" box="[151,254,619,642]" captionStart="Figs 1223" captionStartId="4.[151,188,1639,1658]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1610]" captionTargetId="figure-175@4.[151,1437,189,1615]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figs 1223. Scanning electron micrographs for genuine Prolygus species. 1215 P. disciger (Poppius, 1915), ♁: 12 dorsal surface, 13 cuneus and metatarsi, 14 apical part of pygophore, left lateral view, 15 scent efferent system; 1617 P. nigriclavus (Poppius, 1915), ♀: 16 head and thorax, left lateral view, 17 pretarsus (hind leg); 1823 P. papuanus (Poppius, 1915): 18 ♀, dorsal surface, 19 ♁, head and thorax, left lateral view; 20 ♀, pretarsus (hind leg); 21 ♀, dorsal vestiture (c: corium, p: pronotum, s: scutellum), 22 ♁, apex of pygophore, left lateral view, 23 ♁, metatarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504811/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">12, 16, 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130FEC80FF996902B876FD9FFEEC7CDF" box="[264,372,619,642]" captionStart="Figs 4353" captionStartId="7.[151,188,1970,1989]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,445,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-127@7.[162,1425,439,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 4353. Habitus images of genuine Prolygus spp, dry-preserved specimens in dorsal and ventral (46, 53) view. 4344 P. alboscutellatus Carvalho, 1987:43 –♀ (N. Sumatra); 44 –♁ (Negros, Philippines).4546 P. disciger (Poppius, 1915):45 –♀ (Iriomote Island, Japan), 46 –♁ (Pingtung, Taiwan); 47 P. loriae (Poppius, 1914), holotype, ♁ (ZMUF); 48 P. nigriclavus (Poppius, 1915) (N. Sumatra); 49 P. palauensis (Carvalho, 1956), holotype, ♁ (USNM); 5053 P. papuanus (Poppius, 1914): 50 ♁ (Perak, Malaya), 51 ♁ (N. Sumatra), 5253 ♀ (N. Sumatra)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4504817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4504817/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">49, 5052</figureCitation>
); cuneus pale, sometimes median part darkened but not infuscate at apex; male with left paramere L- or C-shaped, with a flat, median projection at apex of hypophysis; right paramere long, not much shorter than left one (its total length usually greater than that of left paramere sensory lobe), with apical part of sensory lobe often inflated; endosoma composed of three lobes, usually with two lobal sclerites (PL and SL); secondary gonopore thick-rimmed, small; phallotheca slender, smooth; female with: sclerotized ring elongate ovoid, thick-rimmed, more or less narrowed medially; posterior wall with spinulate lateral and interramal lobes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EA38EFF996902B9E9FC1FFEA27A3F" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8BF005FF996902B9E9FC1FFEA27A3F" blockId="2.[151,763,427,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9E9FC1FFF6B7A5F" bold="true" box="[151,243,1003,1026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Biology.</emphasis>
Little is known about the biology. Specimens of most species were collected using UV light traps. Several Asian species were found on inflorescences of broadleaf trees or shrubs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EA38EFF996902B9E9FB9FFE687ABF" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8BF005FF996902B9E9FB9FFE687ABF" blockId="2.[151,763,427,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9E9FB9FFEB07ADF" bold="true" box="[151,296,1131,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from the Oriental Region and across Wallacea east to New
<collectingCountry id="F323B095FF996902B804FB7FFE5E7AFF" box="[378,454,1163,1186]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Guinea</collectingCountry>
and several Pacific islands or atolls; at least three species occur in the eastern Palearctic Region (SW
<collectingCountry id="F323B095FF996902B85CFB3FFEC77ABF" box="[290,351,1227,1250]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Japan</collectingCountry>
and Taiwan).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32EA38EFF996902B9E9FB1FFEDC767F" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8BF005FF996902B9E9FB1FFE1A791F" blockId="2.[151,763,427,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9E9FB1FFE8C7B5F" bold="true" box="[151,276,1259,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Discussion.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B867FB1FFEEF7B5F" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" box="[281,375,1259,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B867FB1FFEEF7B5F" box="[281,375,1259,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was established by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BB3AFB1FFD607B5F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[580,760,1259,1282]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">CARVALHO (1987)</bibRefCitation>
to accommodate sixteen New Guinean species. However, he included many species with irrelevant or questionable affinities which made the generic definition inadequate. Thirteen of the sixteen species (ca. 81%) placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BBCAFA9FFF247BFF" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BBCAFA9FFF247BFF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B996FA7FFE397BFF" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[232,417,1419,1442]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">CARVALHO (1987)</bibRefCitation>
have, in our opinion, uncertain generic placements based on their original descriptions or subsequent redescriptions and illustrations:
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BBE6FA3FFE4F785F" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albocuneatus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BBE6FA3FFEBD785F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus albocuneatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B850FA1FFE4F785F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[302,471,1515,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B89AFA1FFF57787F" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biscutellatus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B89AFA1FFD1F785F" box="[484,647,1515,1538]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. biscutellatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BBF1FA1FFF57787F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B9A5F9FFFD8B787F" authority="(Poppius, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Poppius" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[219,531,1547,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erimensis">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9A5F9FFFEC5787F" box="[219,349,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. erimensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B812F9FFFD93787F" author="POPPIUS B." box="[364,523,1547,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="337 - 398" refId="ref23287" refString="POPPIUS B. 1914: Zur Kenntnis der Indo-Australischen Lygus-Arten. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 337 - 398." type="journal article" year="1914">Poppius, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BB61F9FFFE98781F" authority="(Poppius, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Poppius" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femoralis">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BB61F9FFFD38787F" box="[543,672,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. femoralis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BBD1F9FFFF60781F" author="POPPIUS B." pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="337 - 398" refId="ref23287" refString="POPPIUS B. 1914: Zur Kenntnis der Indo-Australischen Lygus-Arten. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 337 - 398." type="journal article" year="1914">Poppius, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B873F9DFFDFF781F" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" box="[269,615,1579,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="finisterrensis">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B873F9DFFE2B781F" box="[269,435,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. finisterrensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B8C3F9DFFDFF781F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[445,615,1579,1602]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BB0AF9DFFEDA783F" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kandanus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BB0AF9DFFD6F781F" box="[628,759,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. kandanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B9E9F9BFFEDA783F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[151,322,1611,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B82FF9BFFD0E783F" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" box="[337,662,1611,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kebarensis">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B82FF9BFFE79783F" box="[337,481,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. kebarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B895F9BFFD0E783F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[491,662,1611,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BBDAF9BFFED578DF" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maai">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BBDAF9BFFD60783F" box="[676,760,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. maai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B9E9F99FFED578DF" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[151,333,1643,1666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B823F99FFD4B78DF" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" box="[349,723,1643,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nakanaiensis">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B823F99FFD8A78DF" box="[349,530,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. nakanaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BB63F99FFD4B78DF" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[541,723,1643,1666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BB9DF99FFE5A78FF" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctialbus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BB9DF99FFE8B78FF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. punctialbus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B865F97FFE5A78FF" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[283,450,1675,1698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B8B3F97FFD4178FF" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" box="[461,729,1675,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatei">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B8B3F97FFDB378FF" box="[461,555,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. quatei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BB4CF97FFD4178FF" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[562,729,1675,1698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BB9AF97FFEE4789F" authority="(Poppius, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Poppius" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stali">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BB9AF97FFF5D789F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. stali</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902B9ABF95FFEEC789F" author="POPPIUS B." box="[213,372,1707,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="337 - 398" refId="ref23287" refString="POPPIUS B. 1914: Zur Kenntnis der Indo-Australischen Lygus-Arten. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 337 - 398." type="journal article" year="1914">Poppius, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B8C9F95FFD6D789F" authority="Carvalho, 1987" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="1987" box="[439,757,1707,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="watutensis">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B8C9F95FFDDB789F" box="[439,579,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">P. watutensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA58DF4FF996902BB35F95FFD6D789F" author="CARVALHO J. C. M." box="[587,757,1707,1730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" pagination="137 - 153" refId="ref22645" refString="CARVALHO J. C. M. 1987: Prolygus n. gen. with descriptions of new species and redescription of known ones from Papua New Guinea (Hemiptera, Miridae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 47: 137 - 153." type="journal article" year="1987">Carvalho, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Definitive treatments for these taxa are beyond the scope of our current study. It would require additional material and further investigations of
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B8ADF8FFFD8A797F" authorityName="Hahn" authorityYear="1833" box="[467,530,1803,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Lygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B8ADF8FFFD8A797F" box="[467,530,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Lygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex and related taxa on a world-scale.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8BF005FF996902B9CBF8BFFEDC767F" blockId="2.[151,763,427,2082]" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B9CBF8BFFE8C793F" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" box="[181,276,1867,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B9CBF8BFFE8C793F" box="[181,276,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can now be defined by the characters mentioned in above diagnosis. Based on the possession of these characters, placements of a dozen species in
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902BB0FF87FFD4879FF" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" box="[625,720,1931,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902BB0FF87FFD4879FF" box="[625,720,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are now contradictive. Accordingly, we regard six species as genuine members of
<taxonomicName id="4C348B86FF996902B8DDF83FFD9B79BF" authorityName=": SCHUH" authorityYear="1995" box="[419,515,1995,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Prolygus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="359" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9402C17FF996902B8DDF83FFD9B79BF" box="[419,515,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="359">Prolygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but more than a few unidentified congeners are evidently present in the Indo- Pacific Region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>