205 lines
41 KiB
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205 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="915892A7ED5F1A36C9AB5810E0864AE0" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8006364" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1685974026623" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pace, Marcelo R., Marcati, Carmen R., Lohmann, Lúcia G. & Angyalossy, Veronica" docDate="2023" docId="039687DCFFD391298F46C0F6FA34A81C" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.45.12.167-210.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 45 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Pachyptera" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="185" masterDocId="FFAFFFA4FFC7913D8E1CC261FFBBA94E" masterDocTitle="Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1686164729893" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6731A880F86107FBFFF725BC58D8CF35">
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<mods:title id="8233F6370917DAEF163F0BA12C979F8E">Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8EEB3EA7E3AD4AE29613280D102D91C1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="39542C2246B5CE7DAB28054F2E6CA6C8">Pace, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E89E84F4A3352DEEBD186AB7305A47EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FB8E4D33C8D5560751ED7AA071BDA5D4">Marcati, Carmen R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="8EA3C9B8B35C10E3A0DEB31BC1A3CAC5">Lohmann, Lúcia G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="15D62378C1B46326597D43E8D21D824F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D2AE4B2FD751C3CB0A4803BF381BF281">
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<mods:roleTerm id="19F8A2DFF2C73C0E3D61DB1005E7AA2F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="36E43C0D1E97FBDDF9328520C9F2BF5B">Angyalossy, Veronica</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8021B5F5F27290998A7505F68A386CD5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D718DB066BF59B795977F25E4A794FE4">
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<mods:title id="CA824E8837DEE2343D7D70716001EFA6">Adansonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DC4E63A9088F4BEFB1D181AC5E02A068">
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<mods:date id="786D55348AD5DBB8EE15F8F959341710">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="BDEED09AEF72AD8897BA016E38514C37" type="series">
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<mods:title id="D5E0DE635B33D395A922C5B854672598">3</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="34A724116D19ED642A604D9392E61E2D" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="273D368C93713CBE645451281E747AC2">2023-05-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="EE42AF8A630C8A18DB133152C1BCBA37" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="50E4DBA6A5E71F1348C45B164DBFF9A8">45</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="01F721FC60FA7B2206741BD4636EF635" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="69C8B983A2FA2B7DCC8353036E882F29">12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="6786DB8D88435CEF78A97D7F9DFF6CAF" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="654C66118239532293B74DAC2C699863">167</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AA1BCBB19ADDEE7AA59663035940665C">210</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2D65429E1F54CEA8022CBACE09ECC68A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4FE85EC7D6A66D799E16231727E27781" type="DOI">10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5FCA704ABFCC291A676502077505D0C" type="ISSN">1639-4798</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AF95401D7E109E200B3A33E6D0246E20" type="Zenodo-Dep">8006364</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039687DCFFD391298F46C0F6FA34A81C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687DCFFD391298F46C0F6FA34A81C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687DCFFD391298F46C0F6FA34A81C" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFD391298F46C0F6FD8AABFE" box="[346,561,662,689]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298F46C0F6FD8AABFE" blockId="20.[346,561,662,689]" box="[346,561,662,689]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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VI.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298F99C0F7FE4FABFE" ID-CoL="99K3Q" box="[389,500,662,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pachyptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298F99C0F7FE4FABFE" box="[389,500,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Pachyptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFD391298E98C0B1FA34A81C" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C0B1FEFFAA1F" blockId="20.[131,775,719,997]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298E98C0B1FF44ABA8" baselines="737,738" box="[132,255,720,743]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Taxonomic" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">TAXONOMIC</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298F19C0B4FE35ABA8" baselines="738" box="[261,398,725,742]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="information" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">INFORMATION</smallCapsWord>
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. — This clade contains a single genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298E98C08BFF5FAA4C" box="[132,228,746,770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pachyptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C08BFF5FAA4C" box="[132,228,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Pachyptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with four phloem wedges in transversal section.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298CB8C08BFCBEAA4C" box="[676,773,746,770]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pachyptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298CB8C08BFCBEAA4C" box="[676,773,746,770]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Pachyptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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currently includes species from three previously recognized genera (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD391298EB3C17FFEDBAA79" author="FISCHER E. & THEISEN I. & LOHMANN L. G." box="[175,352,798,823]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" pagination="9 - 38" refId="ref28319" refString="FISCHER E., THEISEN I. & LOHMANN L. G. 2004. - Bignoniaceae. in KUBITZKI K. & KADEREIT J. K. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VII. Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg: 9 - 38." type="book chapter" year="2004">
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Fischer
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298EE6C17EFE93AA78" box="[250,296,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFD391298F77C17FFE0AAA79" box="[363,433,798,823]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="4.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-462@4.[132,1455,417,1315]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Past and present taxonomic circunscription of the genera in Bignonieae according to Lohmann (2006). *, Species segregated from Tanaecium to a monophyletic Bignonia; **, species segregrated from Pyrostegia to a monophyletic Cuspidaria." pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Table 1</tableCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298FDBC17FFD73AA78" authority="Barb. Rodr." authorityName="Barb. Rodr." box="[455,712,798,822]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Leucocalantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298FDBC17FFDF6AA78" box="[455,589,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Leucocalantha</emphasis>
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Barb. Rodr.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298CCCC17EFF1BAA1F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Mansoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298CCCC17EFF1BAA1F" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Mansoa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298EC4C158FEFFAA1F" box="[216,324,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298EC4C158FEFBAA1F" box="[216,320,825,849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pachyptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pachyptera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C108FEC7AAD5" blockId="20.[131,775,719,997]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298E98C108FF7CAA31" baselines="890,891" box="[132,199,873,896]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Total" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">TOTAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298ED2C10FFEA4AA30" baselines="890" box="[206,287,878,894]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="number" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">NUMBER</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298F3BC10FFEFBAA31" baselines="891" box="[295,320,878,895]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD391298F3BC10FFEFBAA31" box="[295,320,878,895]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">OF</collectionCode>
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</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298F54C10FFE34AA31" baselines="891" box="[328,399,878,895]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298F8AC10FFE10AA30" baselines="890" box="[406,427,878,894]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">IN</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298FAEC10FFE65AA31" baselines="891" box="[434,478,878,895]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="this" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">THIS</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298FF9C10FFD99AA31" baselines="891" box="[485,546,878,895]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="clade" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">CLADE</smallCapsWord>
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. — Five species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD391298CCEC108FED4AAD5" author="FRANCISCO J. N. C. & LOHMANN L. G." pageId="20" pageNumber="185" pagination="89 - 131" refId="ref28725" refString="FRANCISCO J. N. C. & LOHMANN L. G. 2018. - Taxonomic revision of Pachyptera (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae). PhytoKeys 92: 89 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 92.20987" type="journal article" year="2018">Francisco & Lohmann 2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C1D2FDE9AAAB" blockId="20.[131,775,719,997]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298E98C1D2FF62AA86" baselines="965,964" box="[132,217,947,971]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Studied" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">STUDIED</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD391298EC1C1D9FE99AA87" baselines="965" box="[221,290,952,969]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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. — Two species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298FDDC1D2FEADAAAB" authority="(Barb. Rodr.) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Barb. Rodr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pachyptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aromatica">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298FDDC1D2FD3FAA84" box="[449,644,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Pachyptera aromatica</emphasis>
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(Barb. Rodr.) L.G. Lohmann
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD391298F4CC1AFFDE9AAAB" authority="(Aubl.) Sandwith." box="[336,594,973,997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Pachyptera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kerere">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298F4CC1AFFE27AAAB" box="[336,412,973,997]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">P. kerere</emphasis>
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(Aubl.) Sandwith.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C674FE9FAD61" blockId="20.[132,749,1045,1103]" box="[132,292,1045,1071]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<heading id="D0C881A6FFD391298E98C674FE9FAD61" box="[132,292,1045,1071]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C674FE9FAD61" box="[132,292,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Regular phloem</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C654FD56AD01" blockId="20.[132,749,1045,1103]" box="[132,749,1077,1103]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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Thin to thick fiber bands (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298FBDC654FDBEAD01" box="[417,517,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
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), assemblages absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C614FE9FADC0" blockId="20.[130,776,1140,1295]" box="[132,292,1140,1166]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<heading id="D0C881A6FFD391298E98C614FE9FADC0" box="[132,292,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C614FE9FADC0" box="[132,292,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Variant phloem</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C6F5FDDCAC40" blockId="20.[130,776,1140,1295]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C6F5FE3CADE0" bold="true" box="[132,391,1172,1198]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">General configuration.</emphasis>
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Non-fibrous (
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<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298C36C6F5FD2AADE1" box="[554,657,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
|
), with approximately 8-18 rows of sieve tubes and phloem parenchyma cells between fiber bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298FBDC6B5FDBAADA0" box="[417,513,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Axial elements present a diffuse to radial arrangement (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298FC1C695FDE1AC40" box="[477,602,1268,1295]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10E, F</figureCitation>
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).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C755FCBDAF40" blockId="20.[130,775,1332,1550]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C755FEDEAC00" bold="true" box="[132,357,1332,1358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Sieve-tube elements.</emphasis>
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|
As seen in transverse section, each sieve element is associated with one companion cell (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298C6EC735FD76AC20" box="[626,717,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
|
). The sieve elements occur either solitary or in multiples (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298C82C715FD41ACC0" box="[670,762,1396,1422]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
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), sometimes in short groups of 2-3 cells either in tangential or radial arrangement (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298F48C7D2FE16AC80" box="[340,429,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
|
). As seen in transverse section, the sieve elements are thinner than
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFD391298FCDC7B2FDABACA0" box="[465,528,1491,1518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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and their end walls are inclined, bearing compound sieve plates with 6-7 sieve areas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E9FC452FDCFAFC3" blockId="20.[131,775,1587,1677]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E9FC452FEEEAF03" bold="true" box="[131,341,1587,1613]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
|
|
The phloem parenchyma intermingles all other cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298F3BC432FE1CAF23" box="[295,423,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10E, F</figureCitation>
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). Crystalliferous parenchyma is, moreover, found surrounding the fiber bands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C4D3FE95AFA3" blockId="20.[132,775,1714,1773]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C4D3FF74AF82" bold="true" box="[132,207,1714,1740]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fibers.</emphasis>
|
|
Fiber bands are present, composed by 2-4 rows of cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298EDDC4B3FE9AAFA3" box="[193,289,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C573FE37AE22" blockId="20.[132,775,1810,1900]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C573FF7BAE62" bold="true" box="[132,192,1810,1836]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Rays.</emphasis>
|
|
The limiting rays are lignified only to the xylem face (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD391298E91C553FF4BAE02" box="[141,240,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1759,1776]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,215,1726]" captionTargetId="figure-374@19.[221,795,686,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 10. — Secondary phloem of Manaosella, Pachyptera, and Lundia. Transverse sections: A-C, Manaosella cordifolia; A, overall view of the phloem wedge and the variant phloem of Manaosella. Stratified,non-fibrous phloem;B, fiber bands of generally three cells,some of which are tangentially very long.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands.Sieve tubes (arrows) diffuse;C, Sieve tubes (*) with one companion cell (arrows) lying at one corner of the sieve tube.Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Acicular crystals common in axial and ray parenchyma;D-F, Pachyptera aromatica; D, overall view of the regular phloem, with fiber bands formed by 3-4 polygonal fibers. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Nonconducting phloem evident after the first fiber band, with collapse of sieve tubes (arrow) and dilatation of axial and ray parenchyma; E, overall view of the phloem wedge and variant phloem. Stratified, non-fibrous. Sieve tubes in radial arrangement. Axial parenchyma as the background tissue. Rays lignified when crossing the fiber bands. Fiber bands thin to thick; F, detail of the variant phloem. Sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples. One to two companion cells (arrows) lying to the same side of the sieve tube; G-I, Lundia; G, Lundia glazioviana. Overall view of the phloem wedge, variant and regular phloem. Fibrous phloem. Sieve tubes arranged tangentially or in clusters; H, Lundia damazioi. Regular phloem. Thin fiber bands. Axial parenchyma forms the background tissue. Tiny sieve tubes (arrows); I, Lundia damazioi. Variant phloem. Wide sieve tubes (*) solitary or in multiples.Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. One to two companion cells per sieve tube,lying at the same corner of the sieve tube. Abbreviations: cz, cambial zone; fb, fiber band; lr, limiting rays; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, E, 500 μm; B, D, F, I, 100 μm; C, 50 μm; G, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006392/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The wedge rays are non-lignified, except when crossing the fiber bands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298E98C5F0FF62AEA5" blockId="20.[131,775,1937,2027]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298E98C5F0FF5FAEE5" bold="true" box="[132,228,1937,1963]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Crystals.</emphasis>
|
|
Acicular crystals are present in the phloem and ray parenchyma. The crystalliferous parenchyma bears prismatic crystals.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298D31C2B9FC30A9BC" blockId="20.[813,1455,216,338]" box="[813,907,216,242]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD391298D31C2B9FC30A9BC" box="[813,907,216,242]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD391298D31C2B9FC30A9BC" box="[813,907,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Periderm</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD391298D31C299FA34A81C" blockId="20.[813,1455,216,338]" pageId="20" pageNumber="185">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD391298D31C299FC85A85C" box="[813,830,248,274]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="20" pageNumber="185" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
|
single periderm formed. The phellem is non-stratified, composed of evenly thick-walled cells. The phelloderm is thick, with more than three cell layers, non-stratified (
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFD391298B33C356FAC4A81C" box="[1327,1407,311,338]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="20" pageNumber="185">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |