210 lines
27 KiB
XML
210 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="1CBE7F098D32E3B0873BA6DB18CF3018" ID-CLB-Dataset="4802" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="173cf168-6357-4b76-955f-7b523590ff1d" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5259734" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1624554202448" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zeidler, Wolfgang" docDate="2004" docId="03931615EC79FFFBFEDFFDAEFBA6FD88" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00567.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 567" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Phronima Latreille 1802" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFAA6E6DEC70FFF1FFD7FFF8FF92FFAE" masterDocTitle="A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1726668916976" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C483D40AE4632E26853AF7135D4E091A">A review of the families and genera of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Phronimoidea Bowman & Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4482F9EDDA7EB09260BDFC2E3C83F0F">Zeidler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0386A0CDB0F4F2A19F0EA62BCCA837B9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0E5139E38456C608925092172D411A0A">
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<mods:date id="7E4B51DAA8179031FB4C07D36FA2E1DC">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6A6E9480FB0B385B6B22493149C2B588">2004-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="98DD30B483A5E56AB3E921ABD79D1FE3">567</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B836C0F90D21E12643166D7DAF002915" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.567.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03931615EC79FFFBFEDFFDAEFBA6FD88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13785565" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184952204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13785565" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03931615EC79FFFBFEDFFDAEFBA6FD88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03931615EC79FFFBFEDFFDAEFBA6FD88" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<subSubSection id="C320F488EC79FFF8FEDFFDAEFD06FDDE" box="[264,660,598,624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFDAEFD06FDDE" blockId="9.[264,660,598,624]" box="[264,660,598,624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<heading id="D0CD106FEC79FFF8FEDFFDAEFD06FDDE" bold="true" box="[264,660,598,624]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEDFFDAEFD06FDDE" bold="true" box="[264,660,598,624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FE88FDAEFD06FDDE" ID-CoL="7PRLX" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[351,660,598,624]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FE88FDAEFE4BFDDE" bold="true" box="[351,473,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phronima</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE36FDAEFD06FDDE" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[481,660,598,624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref27430" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. 4 Vols. Paris." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320F488EC79FFF8FEDFFD5AFDB4FD76" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFD5AFDD7FD16" blockId="9.[264,581,673,729]" box="[264,581,673,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A802DEC79FFF8FEDFFD5AFDD7FD16" box="[264,581,673,697]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B8112EC79FFF8FEDFFD5AFDD3FD16" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[264,577,673,697]" page="38" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1802">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FEDFFD5AFDD3FD16" ID-CoL="7PRLX" authority="Latreille, 1802: 38" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1802" box="[264,577,673,697]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEDFFD5AFEE3FD17" box="[264,369,674,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phronima</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FEAFFD59FDD3FD16" author="Latreille, P. A." box="[376,577,673,696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref27430" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere des Crustaces et des Insectes. 4 Vols. Paris." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802: 38</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFD3AFDB4FD76" blockId="9.[264,581,673,729]" box="[264,550,705,729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A802DEC79FFF8FEDFFD3AFDB4FD76" box="[264,550,705,729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B8112EC79FFF8FEDFFD3AFDB0FD76" author="Cocco, A." box="[264,546,705,729]" page="208" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1832">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FEDFFD3AFDB0FD76" authority="Cocco, 1832: 208" authorityName="Cocco" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1832" box="[264,546,705,729]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Bivonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEDFFD3AFEC9FD77" box="[264,347,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bivonia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FEB5FD39FDB0FD76" author="Cocco, A." box="[354,546,705,728]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="202 - 209" refId="ref25292" refString="Cocco, A. (1832) Su di alcuni nuovi Crustacei de mari di Messina Lettera del dott. Anastasio Cocco al celebre dott. William Elford Leach uno de conservatori del Museo britannico in Londra. Effemeridi scientifiche e letterarie per la Sicilia, 2 (6), 202 - 209. (Giugno, 1832.)" type="journal article" year="1832">Cocco, 1832: 208</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C320F488EC79FFF8FEDFFCF1FE08FC8C" box="[264,410,777,802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFCF1FE08FC8C" blockId="9.[264,1324,777,883]" box="[264,410,777,802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEDFFCF1FE08FC8C" box="[264,410,777,802]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<typeStatus id="548119A1EC79FFF8FEDFFCF1FED3FC8C" box="[264,321,777,802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320F488EC79FFF8FEEFFCC9FD90FCDD" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEEFFCC9FD90FCDD" blockId="9.[264,1324,777,883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FEEFFCC9FD71FCE5" authority="Forsskal, 1775" authorityName="Forsskal" authorityYear="1775" box="[312,739,817,843]" class="Malacostraca" family="Cancridae" genus="Cancer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedentarius">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEEFFCC9FDB0FCE4" box="[312,546,817,842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cancer sedentarius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FDF9FCC9FD71FCE5" author="Forsskal, P." box="[558,739,817,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref26113" refString="Forsskal, P. (1775) Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in Itinere Orientali Observavit Petrus Forskal. Prof. Haun. Post Mortem Auctoris Ed. Carsten Neibuhr. Adjuncta est Materia Medica Kahirina atque Tabula Maris Rubri Geographica. Hauniae, 1 - 9 + I - xxxiv + 1 - 164, 1 map." type="book chapter" year="1775">Forsskål, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy. The
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<typeStatus id="548119A1EC79FFF8FC38FCC9FBC7FCE5" box="[1007,1109,817,843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is in the ZMUC (Forsskål collection).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C320F488EC79FFFBFEDFFC51FBA6FD88" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFC51FEEDFC6C" blockId="9.[264,1323,937,1243]" box="[264,383,937,962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEDFFC51FEEDFC6C" box="[264,383,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEEFFC29FD2AFB1D" blockId="9.[264,1323,937,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body moderately slender. Pereonites all separate. Pereonites 1 & 2 much narrower, and appreciably deeper, than following ones. Maxilliped with welldeveloped inner lobe, length about half, or more, than that of outer lobes. Gnathopods 1 & 2 weakly cheliform. Pereopod 5 with carpus markedly widened distally, forming strong subchela with propodus; anterior margin of basis to carpus smooth. Uropod 2 present in both sexes; endopod sometimes reduced but never absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFB39FE05FB75" blockId="9.[264,1323,937,1243]" box="[264,407,1217,1243]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ten species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEDFFAE9FEFCFA84" blockId="9.[264,1324,1297,1843]" box="[264,366,1297,1322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FEDFFAE9FEFCFA84" box="[264,366,1297,1322]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEEFFAC1FEF3FA65" blockId="9.[264,1324,1297,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FE60FAC1FDB9FAFC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[439,555,1337,1362]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FE60FAC1FDB9FAFC" box="[439,555,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phronima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, especially immature specimens, can be difficult to identify.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FB22FAC1FEC7FAD5" author="Shih, C. - T." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29613" refString="Shih, C. - T. (1969) The systematics and biology of the family Phronimidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Dana Reports, No. 74, 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1969">Shih (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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provides basic keys, illustrations and biological information, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FBB2FA99FB60FAD5" author="Shih, C. - T." box="[1125,1266,1377,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="322 - 335" refId="ref29717" refString="Shih, C. - T. (1991) Description of two new species of Phronima Latreille, 1802 (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) with a key to all species of the genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 11 (2), 322 - 335." type="journal article" year="1991">Shih (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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provides the latest key to species.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FDA1FA71FCB7FA0D" author="Zeidler, W." box="[630,805,1417,1443]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="85 - 133" refId="ref31645" refString="Zeidler, W. (1992 a) Hyperiid amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) collected recently from eastern Australian waters. Records of the Australian Museum, 44 (1), 85 - 133." type="journal article" year="1992">Zeidler (1992a</bibRefCitation>
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, 1998) provides additional taxonomic information.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEEFFA21FDBCF93D" blockId="9.[264,1324,1297,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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The phronimids are unusual amongst the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FCF8FA21FC23FA5D" box="[815,945,1497,1523]" class="Malacostraca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Hyperiidea">Hyperiidea</taxonomicName>
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in that they are often found in transparent barrelshaped “houses” that they have fashioned from tunicates (salps, doliolids and pyrosomes) and sometimes from siphonophores, or even heteropods (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FB7DF9D1FA8BF9EC" authorityName="Lesueur" authorityYear="1817" box="[1194,1305,1577,1602]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pterotracheidae" genus="Firoloida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FB7DF9D1FA8BF9EC" box="[1194,1305,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Firoloida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FEDFF9A9FE3EF9C5" author="Laval, P." box="[264,428,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref27668" refString="Laval, P. (1968 b) Observations sur la biologie de Phronima curvipes Voss. (Amphipode Hyperide). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 9, 347 - 362." type="journal article" year="1968">Laval (1968b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE6CF9A9FE6AF9C5" author="Laval, P." box="[443,504,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="187 - 211" refId="ref27803" refString="Laval, P. (1978) The barrel of the pelagic amphipod Phronima sedentaria (Forsk.) (Crustacea: Hyperiidea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 33, 187 - 211." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FDDFF9A9FDD6F9C5" author="Laval, P." box="[520,580,1617,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="11 - 56" refId="ref27842" refString="Laval, P. (1980) Hyperiid amphipods as crustacean parasitoids associated with gelatinous plankton. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 18, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) provides more information on
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FC1AF9A9FBD3F9C4" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[973,1089,1617,1642]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FC1AF9A9FBD3F9C4" box="[973,1089,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phronima</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and its association with gelatinous ‘barrels’.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B85A703EC79FFF8FEEFF959FD62F89D" blockId="9.[264,1324,1297,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Additional biological information on
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<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC79FFF8FD39F959FCF0F914" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[750,866,1697,1722]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FD39F959FCF0F914" box="[750,866,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phronima</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FBCFF959FA92F915" author="Minkiewicz, R." box="[1048,1280,1697,1723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref28276" refString="Minkiewicz, R. (1909 a) Memoire sur la biologie du Tonnelier de Mer (Phronima sedentaria Forsk.). Chapitre I. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, 146, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1909">Minkiewicz (1909a</bibRefCitation>
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||
, b),
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FEDFF931FE38F94D" author="Laval, P." box="[264,426,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="347 - 362" refId="ref27668" refString="Laval, P. (1968 b) Observations sur la biologie de Phronima curvipes Voss. (Amphipode Hyperide). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 9, 347 - 362." type="journal article" year="1968">Laval (1968b</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE60F931FE67F94D" author="Laval, P." box="[439,501,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="11 - 56" refId="ref27842" refString="Laval, P. (1980) Hyperiid amphipods as crustacean parasitoids associated with gelatinous plankton. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 18, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FDDBF931FD0EF94D" author="Shih, C. - T." box="[524,668,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29613" refString="Shih, C. - T. (1969) The systematics and biology of the family Phronimidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Dana Reports, No. 74, 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1969">Shih (1969)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FD7DF931FCC7F94D" author="Repelin, R." box="[682,853,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="65 - 109" refId="ref28769" refString="Repelin, R. (1970) Phronimidae du bassin Indo-Australien (Amphipodes Hyperides). Cycle genital et repartition saisonniere relations quantitatives et ecologiques. Cahiers O. R. S. T. O. M., Serie Oceanographie, 8 (2), 65 - 109." type="journal article" year="1970">Repelin (1970</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FCB4F931FC33F94D" author="Repelin, R." box="[867,929,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="189 - 201" refId="ref28821" refString="Repelin, R. (1972) Observations sur la distribution des Phronimidae (Crustaces Amphipodes) dans le Pacifique occidental de 5 ºN A 20 ºS. Cahiers O. R. S. T. O. M., Serie Oceanographie, 10 (2), 189 - 201." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FC6FF931FB70F94D" author="Laval, P. & Lecher, P." box="[952,1250,1737,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="405 - 412" refId="ref27873" refString="Laval, P. & Lecher, P. (1995) Caryotypes, chromosomes surnumeraires, parthenogenese rudimentaire et polyploidie chez deux especes du genre Phronima (Crustaces, Amphipodes). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 17, 405 - 412." type="journal article" year="1995">Laval and Lecher (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FB27F931FEDDF8A5" author="Land, M. F." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="209 - 226" refId="ref27285" refString="Land, M. F. (1981) Optics of the eyes of Phronima and other deep-sea amphipods. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 145, 209 - 226." type="journal article" year="1981">Land (1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE8AF909FE08F8A5" author="Land, M. F." box="[349,410,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="751 - 762" refId="ref27317" refString="Land, M. F. (1989) The eyes of hyperiid amphipods: relations of optical structure to depth. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 164, 751 - 762." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE7FF909FE75F8A5" author="Land, M. F." box="[424,487,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="41 - 60" refId="ref27351" refString="Land, M. F. (1992) Locomotion and visual behaviour of mid-water crustaceans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72, 41 - 60." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
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),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE29F909FCBAF8A5" author="Vinogradov, M. E. & Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N." box="[510,808,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref31017" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. & Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mrovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian]. (English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor)." type="book" year="1982">
|
||
Vinogradov
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FD46F909FD55F8A4" box="[657,711,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1982)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FCE1F909FC4CF8A5" author="Diebel, C. E." box="[822,990,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="79 - 90" refId="ref25699" refString="Diebel, C. E. (1988) Observations on the anatomy and behaviour of Phronima sedentaria (Forskal) (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 8 (1), 79 - 90." type="journal article" year="1988">Diebel (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FC3BF909FB50F8A5" author="Davenport, J." box="[1004,1218,1777,1803]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="787 - 793" refId="ref25587" refString="Davenport, J. (1994) Observations on the locomotion and buoyancy of Phronima sedentaria (Forskal, 1775) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Natural History, 28, 787 - 793." type="journal article" year="1994">Davenport (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FB07F909FEEEF89D" author="Land, M. F. & Marshall, N. J. & Diebel, C." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="71 - 81" refId="ref27385" refString="Land, M. F., Marshall, N. J. & Diebel, C. (1995) Tracking of blue lights by hyperiid amphipods. Journal of the Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75, 71 - 81." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Land
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC79FFF8FAC2F909FE8DF89C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC79FFF8FE62F8E1FD7EF89D" author="Zelickman, E. A. & Por, F. D." box="[437,748,1817,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1193 - 1213" refId="ref31949" refString="Zelickman, E. A. & Por, F. D. (1996) Ultrastructure of the pereopodal dactyls in the family Phronimidae Dana, 1852 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea). Journal of Natural History, 30, 1193 - 1213." type="journal article" year="1996">Zelickman and Por (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A703EC7AFFFBFEEFFEE4FCBBFE28" blockId="10.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
In view of all the above information that is available in the literature, only minimal additional information is provided here. The synonymy follows that justified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC7AFFFBFB22FEBCFEDDFE28" author="Shih, C. - T." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref29613" refString="Shih, C. - T. (1969) The systematics and biology of the family Phronimidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Dana Reports, No. 74, 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1969">Shih (1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC7AFFFBFE8CFE94FE05FE28" author="Shih, C. - T." box="[347,407,364,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="322 - 335" refId="ref29717" refString="Shih, C. - T. (1991) Description of two new species of Phronima Latreille, 1802 (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) with a key to all species of the genus. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 11 (2), 322 - 335." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is not discussed further here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85A703EC7AFFFBFEEFFE6CFBA6FD88" blockId="10.[264,1323,284,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC7AFFFBFE6DFE6CFDBCFE03" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[442,558,404,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC7AFFFBFE6DFE6CFDBCFE03" box="[442,558,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phronima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in surface waters, and are relatively common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world’s oceans, and rarely cross the Subtropical Convergence.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3ADC80EC7AFFFBFEB4FE1CFDC9FE53" baseAuthorityName="Forsskal" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[355,603,484,509]" class="Malacostraca" family="Phronimidae" genus="Phronima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sedentaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E7B11EC7AFFFBFEB4FE1CFDC9FE53" box="[355,603,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phronima sedentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an exception, having a circumglobal distribution between
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0EC1C4EC7AFFFBFEDFFDF4FED4FD88" box="[264,326,524,550]" degrees="60" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55555" value="60.0">60°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0EC1C4EC7AFFFBFEA8FDF4FE29FD88" box="[383,443,524,550]" degrees="60" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55555" value="-60.0">60°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, sometimes occurring just south of
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0EC1C4EC7AFFFBFC8CFDF4FC06FD88" box="[859,916,524,550]" degrees="60" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55555" value="-60.0">60°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFABDAF2EC7AFFFBFC73FDF4FBB9FD88" author="Shih, C. - T." box="[932,1067,524,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="25 - 45" refId="ref29648" refString="Shih, C. - T. (1971 a) Phronimidae (Amphipoda, Hyperiidea) of the South Pacific Ocean. Crustaceana, 20 (1), 25 - 45." type="journal article" year="1971">Shih 1971a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |