308 lines
37 KiB
XML
308 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="30CD9F62C0914559EFFDFE9BEBC63472" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276654" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f879be7d-17ad-488a-bb3a-6903ff5e8fa7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276654" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460225990942" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Leonard, William P., Chichester, Lyle, Richart, Casey H. & Young, Tiffany A." docDate="2011" docId="039187F6FFBDFFABFF3666A69BA6FC3B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02746p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2746" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Carinacauda stormi Leonard, Chichester, Richart & Young, 2011, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFA8FF8EFFBBFFA2FFA162679F44FFBB" masterDocTitle="Securicauda hermani and Carinacauda stormi, two new genera and species of slug from the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Arionidae), with notes on Gliabates oregonius Webb 1959" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1698238316338" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7E0ACD3A54A31C4C574C0B765E9F58F1">Securicauda hermani and Carinacauda stormi, two new genera and species of slug from the Pacific Northwest of the United States (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Arionidae), with notes on Gliabates oregonius Webb 1959</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="ED383DF2FB9568115CF069A6BA310834" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3296E98E332D220382EA27101BBE83E5">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7F8DF75BDB3007D413F0DC032BE2D81C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7D394E93F4DD4FC4982D58369CE8FADE">Leonard, William P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3E4FB7B18D1D9428C49EBD94575B7E5A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4BBCE46729358C50634B91C10267FD4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="75B608BC34491ADAA7F23AA10324443C">Chichester, Lyle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C3E2F952AB0F87D2FD642FB7328B0D99" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="786441BDF924ED80F3366E39C2F39D04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="08B8DE4C67F81F0D93C6233B212D09FE">Richart, Casey H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="79223FC436E2CC7277D29DED808C299D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="51FE5C9C0C6920CC3969B8707E3AC062">Young, Tiffany A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CB78AF07A109C6BDA927808BABC1F348">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7A6C835AEAAB9657296E4544A6A4D5FA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2660B9FAC95F7FD93AC8BD57912931F6">
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<mods:date id="15E311E718B10C9A373EC014CEFB17AE">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9FA6BD1C1A8F4FA42E746907E6B2B7A9">2746</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="144B1EC42E804F29A929185A44E542AB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276654</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0401E0626CD5E600EE50B19F6C1DD81E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039187F6FFBDFFABFF3666A69BA6FC3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685274" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119386340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039187F6FFBDFFABFF3666A69BA6FC3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039187F6FFBDFFABFF3666A69BA6FC3B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFBDFFA4FF3666A69E54FB47" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF3666A69D64FB61" blockId="6.[151,544,1216,1276]" box="[151,544,1216,1243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<heading id="D0CF818CFFBDFFA4FF3666A69D64FB61" bold="true" box="[151,544,1216,1243]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF3666A69D64FB61" bold="true" box="[151,544,1216,1243]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FF3666A69ECCFB60" ID-CoL="7QKM5" box="[151,392,1217,1243]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF3666A69ECCFB60" bold="true" box="[151,392,1217,1243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Carinacauda stormi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFBDFFA4FE3166A79D64FB61" box="[400,544,1216,1242]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF3666839E54FB47" blockId="6.[151,544,1216,1276]" box="[151,272,1252,1276]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFBDFFA4FF3666839F9DFB47" box="[151,217,1252,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,990,1013]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,181,979]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[396,1192,181,981]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of two paratypes of Carinacauda stormi n. sp., Upper Blue River Watershed, Willamette National Forest, Linn County, Oregon. A. adult, 15 mm extended length in movement (CM 106751). B. juvenile, 10 mm extended length in movement (# 8 in Appendix)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276659/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFBDFFA4FF4766839FB2FB47" box="[230,246,1252,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1919,1942]" captionTargetBox="[487,1099,1108,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[487,1100,1108,1908]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the proximal and distal genitalia of a paratype of Carinacauda stormi n. sp. from Linn County, OR (CM 106749). A = atrium; AG = albumen gland; AAS = atrial accessory structure; BW = body wall; E = epiphallus; FC = fertilization chamber; HD = hermaphroditic duct; OT = ovotestis; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SP = spermatheca; SO = spermoviduct; SPD = spermatheca duct; VD = vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276660/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFBDFFA4FEA366829E54FB47" box="[258,272,1253,1276]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[207,1375,800,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[207,1376,797,1657]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. The penis of Carinacauda stormi n. sp. from Linn County, OR stained and mounted on a slide (CM 106751). E = epiphallus; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; V = verge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276661/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFBDFFA4FF3667459C48FA7F" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF3667459C48FA7F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1313,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF3667459FA5FA81" bold="true" box="[151,225,1314,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFBDFFA4FF3667459F9EFA81" box="[151,218,1314,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Types</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFBDFFA4FE8167469EC6FA82" box="[288,386,1313,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBDFFA4FE3367469D64FA82" box="[402,544,1313,1337]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104044" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104044</accessionNumber>
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), taken on
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<date id="FF861020FFBDFFA4FD3F67469C3DFA82" box="[670,889,1313,1337]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2008-11-15">15 November 2008</date>
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from the Upper Blue River Watershed, and one
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFBDFFA4FF3667229FB3FAE6" box="[151,247,1349,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBDFFA4FEA667239ED1FAE7" box="[263,405,1348,1372]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104023" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104023</accessionNumber>
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), taken on 0
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<date id="FF861020FFBDFFA4FD8267239DABFAE7" box="[547,751,1348,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2009-11-05">5 November 2009</date>
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from the Upper Canyon Creek, were collected by T. Young from Douglas-fir needle duff litter (
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FD8D67019C6FFAC5" box="[556,811,1382,1406]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziezii">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FD8D67019C6FFAC5" box="[556,811,1382,1406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Pseudotsuga menziezii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) on the Willamette National Forest, Linn County, Oregon. An additional
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<typeStatus id="54838842FFBDFFA4FECC67ED9E89FA19" box="[365,461,1418,1442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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(
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBDFFA4FE7D67EE9D22FA1A" box="[476,614,1417,1441]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM104045" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="EnaNcbi">CM 104045</accessionNumber>
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) was collected on
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<date id="FF861020FFBDFFA4FC9567EE9C94FA1A" box="[820,976,1417,1441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" value="2010-04-15">15 April 2010</date>
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by T. Young in the Canyon Creek Watershed, Willamette National Forest, Linn County, Oregon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFBDFFA4FF6467A89D2CF9B2" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6467A89D2CF9B2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1313,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6467A89E0FFA5C" bold="true" box="[197,331,1487,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species name honors Dr. Robert M. Storm, professor emeritus of natural history and vertebrate zoology at Oregon State University.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFBDFFA4FF6464749AD4F9F5" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6464749AD4F9F5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1313,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6464749E1AF997" bold="true" box="[197,350,1555,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species was detected at more than 50 localities at elevations ranging between
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<quantity id="4CC09B05FFBDFFA4FB5D64739AD8F997" box="[1276,1436,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.9" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1190.0" valueMin="610.0">610 to 1190 m</quantity>
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asl in Willamette and Mt. Hood National Forests in Clackamas, Marion, Linn and Lane counties, Oregon (
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<figureCitation id="13032A65FFBDFFA4FA9C64519A3BF9F5" box="[1341,1407,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1019,1042]" captionTargetBox="[230,1383,195,995]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[204,1383,195,995]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Relief map of the Pacific Northwest United States showing the localities of Securicauda hermani n. sp. (●) and Carinacauda stormi n. sp. (․); the open symbols containing an " X " represent the type localities. Solid pyramid (˔) = type locality for Gliabates oregonius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276655/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322656BFFBDFFABFF64643E9BA6FC3B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF64643E9EBDF92F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1313,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF64643E9E12F9C9" bold="true" box="[197,342,1625,1650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FEFC643D9ED0F9CA" box="[349,404,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Size:</emphasis>
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Very small, extended length of adults in movement
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<quantity id="4CC09B05FFBDFFA4FC7B643E9B2FF9CA" box="[986,1131,1625,1649]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 15 mm</quantity>
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; length reduced by approximately 40% after preservation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6464F99C3DF899" blockId="6.[151,1437,1313,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6464F99ECBF90D" box="[197,399,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">External features:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F32F7670FFBDFFA4FE3764F89EF1F90C" box="[406,437,1695,1719]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">As</collectingCountry>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBDFFA4FE7864F99D21F90D" box="[473,613,1694,1718]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FE7864F99D21F90D" box="[473,613,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Securicauda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except the following: mantle 58 to 64% (mean=61%; SD=0.04; n=15) of the extended body in movement and 55 to 80% (mean=77%; SD=0.07; n=12) of preserved specimens; pneumostome located in the middle (sometimes slightly posterior) of right side and bottom of mantle; tail 20 to 27% (mean=24%; SD=0.03; n=15) of the extended body in movement.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBDFFA4FF6465499BF7F84F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1313,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBDFFA4FF6465499E0DF8FD" box="[197,329,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Coloration:</emphasis>
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Head pale-gray or translucent tan-white; tentacles dark-brown/gray. Neck semi-translucent; adults with a distinct white patch on right side. Mantle tan or pale-gray with light-blue flecking and dark-brown or gray irregular blotches, with a relatively broad lateral stripe on each side. Pneumostome located below lateral stripe and surrounded by light-gray “halo.” Sides below mantle pale-gray, with or without dark-brown or gray markings. Tail pale- to dark-gray with fine white flecking and dark-brown or gray markings coincident with furrows; usually with a pale-gray stripe on mid-dorsal keel. Sole pale-gray with scattered white flecks. Mucus clear.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF476668FFBCFFA5FF3661B99E9CFB89" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276659/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[396,1190,181,979]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBCFFA5FF3661B99E9CFB89" blockId="7.[151,1436,990,1074]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBCFFA5FF3661B99E4AFC4F" bold="true" box="[151,270,990,1013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
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. Photographs of two paratypes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBCFFA5FDD461B89C00FC4E" box="[629,836,991,1013]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBCFFA5FDD461B89C00FC4E" box="[629,836,991,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Carinacauda stormi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBCFFA5FCED61B89CC8FC4F" bold="true" box="[844,908,991,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFBCFFA5FCED61B89CC3FC4F" box="[844,903,991,1012]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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,
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</emphasis>
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Upper Blue River Watershed, Willamette National Forest, Linn County, Oregon. A. adult, 15 mm extended length in movement (
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<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBCFFA5FC0761999B60FBA8" box="[934,1060,1021,1043]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM106751" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="EnaNcbi">CM 106751</accessionNumber>
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). B. juvenile, 10 mm extended length in movement (#8 in Appendix).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF476668FFBCFFA5FF3665189C4BF84A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276660/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[487,1099,1108,1908]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFBCFFA5FF3665189C4BF84A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1919,2033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBCFFA5FF3665189E48F82E" bold="true" box="[151,268,1919,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Photographs of the proximal and distal genitalia of a paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFBCFFA5FC0765189B37F82D" box="[934,1139,1919,1942]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBCFFA5FC0765189B37F82D" box="[934,1139,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Carinacauda stormi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFBCFFA5FBD965E79BF5F82E" bold="true" box="[1144,1201,1920,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFBCFFA5FBD965E79BF5F82E" box="[1144,1201,1920,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Linn County, OR (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFBCFFA5FF3F65F89E59F80F" box="[158,285,1950,1972]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM106749" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="EnaNcbi">CM 106749</accessionNumber>
|
||
). A = atrium; AG = albumen gland; AAS = atrial accessory structure; BW = body wall; E = epiphallus; FC = fertilization chamber; HD = hermaphroditic duct; OT = ovotestis; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; SP = spermatheca; SO = spermoviduct; SPD = spermatheca duct; VD = vas deferens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFAAFF6462FF9B00FF14" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,766]" box="[197,1092,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF6462FF9E8AFF0B" box="[197,462,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Internal features. Shell:</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFDED62FF9D81FF0B" box="[588,709,152,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFDED62FF9D81FF0B" box="[588,709,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">S. hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in both position and composition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFAAFF6462DB9C4CFF69" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,766]" box="[197,776,186,211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF6462DB9EC0FF68" box="[197,388,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Jaw and Radula:</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFDA062DC9D3EFF68" box="[513,634,187,211]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFDA062DC9D3EFF68" box="[513,634,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">S. hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFAAFF6462BA9B53FD46" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,766]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF6462BA9EF3FF4E" box="[197,439,221,245]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Reproductive System:</emphasis>
|
||
Ovotestis consisting of 12 or more lobules; located on midline just under posterior margin of diaphragm and partially surrounded by the digestive gland. Hermaphroditic duct of moderate length and thickness; leading to fertilization chamber, which is largely surrounded by the large albumen gland. The whitish, loosely coiled spermoviduct leads to the tubular free oviduct that opens into the atrium. The spermathecal duct, which arises near junction of free oviduct and atrium, generally becomes thick in sexually mature individuals; in two of our individuals the duct remained slender for at least a portion of its length. Spermatheca large and globular. The slender vas deferens arising from spermoviduct; traveling across the free oviduct and connecting with the long, thick and highly coiled epiphallus. Penis retractor muscle inserting in wall of epiphallus just before duct joins penis apex. Epiphallus internally connecting with a large verge that is about half as long as the penis. In sexually mature individuals the distal portion of the verge is so opaquely white that it can be seen through the translucent wall of the penis (in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13032A65FFB3FFAAFEA660509E08FDEB" box="[263,332,567,592]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1668,1691]" captionTargetBox="[207,1375,800,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[207,1376,797,1657]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. The penis of Carinacauda stormi n. sp. from Linn County, OR stained and mounted on a slide (CM 106751). E = epiphallus; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; V = verge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276661/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
these opaquely white areas show up as densely black). Penis opening into atrium, which also receives the free oviduct and spermathecal duct. The atrium also bears a pair of accessory structures of unknown function. In immature animals, these structures resemble the cotyledons on a bean sprout.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F7670FFB3FFAAFB3D60199BFFFD2D" box="[1180,1211,638,662]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
animals mature the pair becomes much larger and more complex. They are sufficiently opaquely white for the more lateral member of the pair to be seen through the thin body wall. Examination under a compound microscope failed to reveal any fine detail—no darts, or ducts or muscle bands that might suggest a special function.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF476668FFB3FFAAFF3664E39C50F901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276661/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[207,1375,800,1656]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFAAFF3664E39C50F901" blockId="8.[151,1435,1668,1722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF3664E39E57F921" bold="true" box="[151,275,1668,1691]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
The penis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFE3E64E29D28F920" box="[415,620,1669,1691]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFE3E64E29D28F920" box="[415,620,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Carinacauda stormi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFDD364E29DE8F921" bold="true" box="[626,684,1669,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27F5789FFB3FFAAFDD364E29DE8F921" box="[626,684,1669,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Linn County, OR stained and mounted on a slide (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946BAB03FFB3FFAAFB4664E29A22F920" box="[1255,1382,1669,1691]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM106751" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="EnaNcbi">CM 106751</accessionNumber>
|
||
). E = epiphallus; P = penis; PR = penial retractor muscle; V = verge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFAAFF6464869B26F942" blockId="8.[151,1436,1761,2038]" box="[197,1122,1761,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF6464869DD5F942" box="[197,657,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Buccal and tentacular retractor muscles:</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to the architecture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFC4364859B1EF942" box="[994,1114,1761,1785]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFC4364859B1EF942" box="[994,1114,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">S. hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFAAFF6465619C26F8FA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1761,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF6465619ECDF8A6" box="[197,393,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Digestive system:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32F7670FFB3FFAAFE3065619EF4F8A5" box="[401,432,1798,1822]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFE7565619D0AF8A6" box="[468,590,1797,1821]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFE7565619D0AF8A6" box="[468,590,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">S. hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the crop and the pair of digestive glands are the major feature of the digestive system. The intestine is short and oriented as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFD43654D9C1FF8FA" box="[738,859,1833,1857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFD43654D9C1FF8FA" box="[738,859,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">S. hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB3FFABFF64652A9E96FE74" blockId="8.[151,1436,1761,2038]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,896]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFF64652A9EC0F8DD" bold="true" box="[197,388,1869,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is currently known from montane areas of the Oregon western slope Cascades where Douglas-fir (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFED265169D35F832" box="[371,625,1905,1929]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFED265169D35F832" box="[371,625,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Pseudotsuga menziesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a dominant overstory species and minor tree species include Western Hemlock (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFEB165F19EADF816" box="[272,489,1941,1965]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFEB165F19EADF816" box="[272,489,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Tsuga heterophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Vine Maple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB3FFAAFD6965F29C3BF816" box="[712,895,1941,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="circinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB3FFAAFD6965F29C3BF816" box="[712,895,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Acer circinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We located approximately 100 individuals at more than 50 sites in Willamette National Forest; all individuals were found in Douglas-fir–Western Hemlock forests where needle litter was almost exclusively Douglas-fir at the microsite. Forest age class did not seem to be a factor in detecting this species; detections occurred in forests 25 years to over 150 years in age. Areas where down wood retained pockets of moisture and where Vine Maple leaves formed a layer to hold moisture are preferred habitats. In addition, small topographic depressions where water collects or saturation occurs as the rainy season develops appear to be important microhabitat features. Detections occurred almost exclusively in semi- to fully saturated needle litter between the most recent and previous year’s needle-duff layers (approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B05FFB2FFABFB0763409A62FE84" box="[1190,1318,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5 to 5 cm</quantity>
|
||
below the surface). Shrub, fern and moss layers were lacking in the areas where detections occurred. This species was rarely detected in forest stands where either Incense-cedar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFD5263179CAFFE33" box="[755,1003,368,392]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Calocedrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="decurrens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFD5263179CAFFE33" box="[755,1003,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Calocedrus decurrens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or Western Redcedar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFB5A63179AD7FE33" box="[1275,1427,368,392]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="plicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFB5A63179AD7FE33" box="[1275,1427,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Thuja plicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was a dominant tree species. Though it has been found at the margins of small streams, this species is not associated with seeps or wetlands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB2FFABFF6463BB9D98FD1C" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Detections have occurred primarily in the fall, but recent spring surveys have detected adults and juveniles in conditions where litter was still saturated due to snowmelt. Four specimens have been successfully kept in captivity for 24 months (
|
||
<date id="FF861020FFB2FFABFEE560439EBFFD87" box="[324,507,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="2008-11">November 2008</date>
|
||
to
|
||
<date id="FF861020FFB2FFABFDBE60439D93FD87" box="[543,727,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="2010-11">November 2010</date>
|
||
) and over 20 collected in
|
||
<date id="FF861020FFB2FFABFC5D60439BF6FD87" box="[1020,1202,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="2009-11">November 2009</date>
|
||
are currently in captivity to document biological and reproductive behavior. Eggs were documented in
|
||
<date id="FF861020FFB2FFABFBCD60209A50FDE4" box="[1132,1300,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="2009-02">February 2009</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FF861020FFB2FFABFAF260209F97FD3F" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" value="2010-03">March 2010</date>
|
||
; however, none of the eggs produced hatchlings. The clutch in 2010 contained
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3EFD69FFB2FFABFBEE600B9BE2FD3E" box="[1103,1190,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" type="egg">12 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
that were semi-translucent white, oblong and approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CC09B05FFB2FFABFDFA60E89DD8FD1C" box="[603,668,655,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB2FFABFF6460D49A12FC83" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFF6460D49E93FD77" bold="true" box="[197,471,691,716]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Comparative anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
We place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFDEA60D39C69FD77" box="[587,813,692,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Carinacauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stormi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFDEA60D39C69FD77" box="[587,813,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Carinacauda stormi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFCD860D39CADFD77" box="[889,1001,692,716]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Arionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of its ribbed jaw, which is the only character it shares with all other arionids. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFCCD60BF9B18FD4B" box="[876,1116,728,752]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFCCD60BF9B18FD4B" box="[876,1116,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Securicauda hermani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing an atrium and paired accessory structures and a well developed, coiled epiphallus. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFBE5609A9BFCFCAF" box="[1092,1208,765,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Kootenaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFBE5609A9BFCFCAF" box="[1092,1208,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Kootenaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFB53609B9A3CFCAF" box="[1266,1400,764,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Prophysaon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFB53609B9A3CFCAF" box="[1266,1400,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Prophysaon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by virture of its keeled tail and from all other genera in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BA035BFFB2FFABFD4361789C71FC8C" box="[738,821,799,823]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,235,974,995]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1054,1590]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of characteristics of Securicauda n. gen. and Carinacauda n. gen. with those of the other genera of Arionidae native to northwestern North America." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF476668FFBAFFA3FF3661A99DCFFBB8" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF476668FFBAFFA3FF3661A99DCFFBB8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
by its divergent buccal and tentacular retractors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8736E0FFB2FFABFF6461249BA6FC3B" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFF6461249E89FCE7" bold="true" box="[197,461,835,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Additional comments.</emphasis>
|
||
We suggest the common name Cascade Axetail in recognition of the Cascade Mountains where the species resides and to reflect its hypothesized close relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C384D63FFB2FFABFBEE610F9B9FFC3B" box="[1103,1243,872,896]" class="Gastropoda" family="Arionidae" genus="Securicauda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94CEAF2FFB2FFABFBEE610F9B9FFC3B" box="[1103,1243,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">Securicauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |