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<document id="140027A74A340F5CA34BA5E9174EE304" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2024v46a6" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11106598" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6ACF6A79-9149-4781-808D-478668673EB6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1714640714399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scavezzoni, Isaure, Fischer, Valentin, Johnson, Michela M. &amp; Jouve, Stéphane" docDate="2024" docId="038A56761D47FF8CFF2690B5FA61553F" docLanguage="en" docName="geodiversitas.2024.46.6.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 46 (6)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2024v46a6.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anthracosuchus balrogus Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="FFB32E0E1D3CFFF7FFA29243FFC5576E" masterDocTitle="Form and function of the pelvic girdle of Thalattosuchia and Dyrosauridae (Crocodyliformes)" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1714681770497" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="143F155955C962909FF11934B9EC4908">Form and function of the pelvic girdle of Thalattosuchia and Dyrosauridae (Crocodyliformes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E8B1F087826597F4403E5FAF448F177E">Scavezzoni, Isaure</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5496BCAAE50C98AF0145B4282A438E54">Universite de Liège, Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, All. du Six Août 14, 4000 Liège (Belgique) isaure. scavezzoni @ gmail. com v. fischer @ uliege. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B86D6D737CBC6E49B693CC68B836B5B9">Fischer, Valentin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7A732EC99E5E69F37315512A8DB3AE65">Universite de Liège, Evolution and Diversity Dynamics Lab, All. du Six Août 14, 4000 Liège (Belgique) isaure. scavezzoni @ gmail. com v. fischer @ uliege. be</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD26EC9D05A0447A4952F7CC8085D020">Department of Palaeontology, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Museum am LÖwentor, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart (Germany) michela. johnson @ smns-bw. de</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="94CB2A9078DB46B245FD26F09CB8696B">Sorbonne Universite, BUPMC - Pôle Collections, Tour Zamansky, 15 étage, bureau 1513, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 (France) stephane. jouve @ sorbonne-universite. fr</mods:affiliation>
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, 
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&amp; 
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, 2014
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For measurements, see 
<tableCitation id="C6A1D2DB1D47FF8CFEDF9176FE295421" box="[381,492,821,848]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStartId-0="19.[61,72,462,479]" captionStartId-1="25.[61,72,457,474]" captionStartId-2="29.[61,72,511,528]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionTargetPageId-2="29" captionText-0="TABLE 7. — List of measurements in mm of crocodyliformes ilia. Abbreviations: Ha, anterior height; Hv, ventral length; Hd, dorsal length; PST.l, postacetabular process anteroposterior length; PST.h, postacetabular process dorsoventral height; PRE.l, preacetabular process anteroposterior length; PRE.h, preacetabular process dorsoventral height; ACE.h, acetabulum dorsoventral height; ACE.w, acetabulum width at mid-height; GAP.w, base length of acetabular perforation; GAP.h, max height of acetabular perforation; PUB.l, pubic peduncle anteroposterior length; PUB.h, pubic peduncle dorsoventral height; ISC.l, ischial peduncle anteroposterior length; ISC.h, Ischial peduncle dorsoventral height." captionText-1="TABLE 8. — List of measurements in mm of crocodyliformes ischia. When measurements are missing on the first ischium, it takes measurements from next ischium. NHMUK PV R 4763 shaft reconstructed.Abbreviations: Hd, total height from posterior peduncle to tip of posterior process; PP.h, height of posterior process tip; AP.h, base height of anterior process; AP.w, total length of anterior process; BL.l, total length of ischial blade; GAP.w, base length of acetabular perforation; GAP.h, max height of acetabular perforation;PPed.Ll, anteroposterior length of posterior peduncle taken laterally;PPed.Wa, mediolateral width of posterior peduncle taken anteriorly; BR.l, total length of peduncle bridge; APed.w, mediolateral width of anterior peduncle; APed.h, dorsoventral height of anterior peduncle; Arch.l, anterior arch length from anterior peduncle to anterior process; Arch.h, maximal depth between base arch and bone margin; S, length from proximal extremity to maximal constriction; C, anteroposterior width of constriction." captionText-2="TABLE 9. — List of measurements in mm of crocodyliformes pubes. When measurements are missing on the first bone, it takes measurements from the next one. SMNS 81608 has been reconstructed. Abbreviations: H, total proximodistal height; Wh, mediolateral width at mid length; Ldia, length of diaphysis; Lbl, freehand length of distal blade up to diaphysis; Dbl, distance between both medial and lateral extremities of distal blade; Wprox, anteroposterior width of proximal peduncle; Lprox, mediolateral length of proximal peduncle; Shaft, proximodistal length of shaft; Neck, proximodistal length of neck; C, anteroposterior width of constriction; Arch.l, anterior arch length from peduncle to pubic diaphysis; Arch.h, maximal depth between base arch and bone margin; Arch.d, distance between proximal base of arch and position of max depth along the arch." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CB7E81D2FFFE4FF9F938DFDDF554D" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CB7E81D25FFEEFF9F938AFAB1555A" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CB7E81D21FFEAFF9F93BCF8FE553A" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" tableUuid-0="DF5CB7E81D2FFFE4FF9F938DFDDF554D" tableUuid-1="DF5CB7E81D25FFEEFF9F938AFAB1555A" tableUuid-2="DF5CB7E81D21FFEAFF9F93BCF8FE553A">Tables 7-9</tableCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFF269136FF7854E1" box="[132,189,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Pubis</emphasis>
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The pelvic girdle of 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFEF891D6FD9054C1" authorityName="Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo" authorityYear="2014" box="[346,597,917,943]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Anthracosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balrogus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFEF891D6FD9054C1" box="[346,597,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="1318FBE51D47FF8CFDC791D6FD7554C1" box="[613,688,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="124.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,216,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@124.[200,1245,145,1891]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIG. 64. — Right and left pelvic girdle elements of Anthracosuchus balrogus Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo, 2014,UF/IGM 68: A, right pubis in posterior view; B, left pubis in posterior view;C, right pubis in anterior view;D, left pubis in anterior view.Dotted lines used to recreate the putative shape of the pubis;the actual length of the shaft is unknown.Blue translucent area highlights the distal rugged portion of the pubis.Target indicates anterior.Cross indicates posterior.Scale bar:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11106742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11106742/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
) is only known from two fragmentary pubes (
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFD8091F6FDA754A0" box="[546,610,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">contra</emphasis>
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Hastings 
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFD7091F6FCC254A1" box="[722,775,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
(2014))
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. Given the subtle difference in size between the two pubes, slight anatomical variations could presumably explain this effect. It is also possible that both bones belonged to two distinct individuals, since three different specimens have been described from the same strata (
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Hastings 
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFDE09616FDB35300" box="[578,630,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
2014
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).
</paragraph>
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The pubis of 
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<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFE939637FDEB53E0" box="[305,558,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1318FBE51D47FF8CFD9C9637FD4953E0" box="[574,652,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="124.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,216,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-17@124.[200,1245,145,1891]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIG. 64. — Right and left pelvic girdle elements of Anthracosuchus balrogus Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo, 2014,UF/IGM 68: A, right pubis in posterior view; B, left pubis in posterior view;C, right pubis in anterior view;D, left pubis in anterior view.Dotted lines used to recreate the putative shape of the pubis;the actual length of the shaft is unknown.Blue translucent area highlights the distal rugged portion of the pubis.Target indicates anterior.Cross indicates posterior.Scale bar:1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11106742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11106742/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
) displays a shape closer to that of 
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<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFED596D7FD4A53C0" box="[375,655,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Cerrejonisuchus improcerus</emphasis>
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than those of 
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<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFF0096F6FEA853A0" box="[162,365,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Hyposaurus natator</emphasis>
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and 
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<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFE0796F6FD6353A0" box="[421,678,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Dyrosaurus maghribensis</emphasis>
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. Indeed, the pubic plate of 
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<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFEE49697FD855380" box="[326,576,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
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is slightly laterally deflected in the way of 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFEC996B0FDB25263" box="[363,631,1267,1293]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Cerrejonisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improcerus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFEC996B0FDB25263" box="[363,631,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Cerrejonisuchus improcerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but to a lesser extent. This lateral flexure of the pubic apron is presumably caused by the length and orientation of the pubic symphysis and distal margin of the bone. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFE429710FD125203" authorityName="Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo" authorityYear="2014" box="[480,727,1363,1389]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Anthracosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balrogus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFE429710FD125203" box="[480,727,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pubic symphysis forms an angle of approximately 136° with the medial margin of the pubis (leading to the shaft), and is relatively long (see 
<tableCitation id="C6A1D2DB1D47FF8CFEED97F0FE5A52A3" box="[335,415,1459,1485]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="29.[61,72,511,528]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="TABLE 9. — List of measurements in mm of crocodyliformes pubes. When measurements are missing on the first bone, it takes measurements from the next one. SMNS 81608 has been reconstructed. Abbreviations: H, total proximodistal height; Wh, mediolateral width at mid length; Ldia, length of diaphysis; Lbl, freehand length of distal blade up to diaphysis; Dbl, distance between both medial and lateral extremities of distal blade; Wprox, anteroposterior width of proximal peduncle; Lprox, mediolateral length of proximal peduncle; Shaft, proximodistal length of shaft; Neck, proximodistal length of neck; C, anteroposterior width of constriction; Arch.l, anterior arch length from peduncle to pubic diaphysis; Arch.h, maximal depth between base arch and bone margin; Arch.d, distance between proximal base of arch and position of max depth along the arch." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5CB7E81D21FFEAFF9F93BCF8FE553A" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" tableUuid="DF5CB7E81D21FFEAFF9F93BCF8FE553A">Table 9</tableCitation>
) pushing the distal margin of the pubic plate further away distally. The latter is convex, but is also involved in the lateral deflection of the pubic apron: the overall obtuse angle it forms with the pubic symphysis expands the size of the pubic apron laterodistally, especially compared to 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFEB19410FE185102" box="[275,477,1619,1644]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Hyposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFEB19410FE185102" box="[275,477,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Hyposaurus natator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFDB19410FF5F51E2" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Dyrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maghribensis">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFDB19410FF5F51E2" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Dyrosaurus maghribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where the angle between the distal margin and the pubic symphysis is closer to 90°. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFE7794D1FD1151C2" authorityName="Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo" authorityYear="2014" box="[469,724,1682,1708]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Anthracosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balrogus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFE7794D1FD1151C2" box="[469,724,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the junction between the distal and lateral margins forms a blunt corner in the shape of a Lancet arch, in line with both margins (i.e. not significantly protruding). This shape contrasts with the squared and intensely protruding lateral lump of 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFF249572FE655025" box="[134,416,1841,1867]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Cerrejonisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improcerus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFF249572FE655025" box="[134,416,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Cerrejonisuchus improcerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and with the more discreet but still marked lateral protuberance of both 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFD9F9511FCC25005" box="[573,775,1874,1899]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Hyposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFD9F9511FCC25005" box="[573,775,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Hyposaurus natator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFF169531FE7150E5" box="[180,436,1905,1931]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Dyrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maghribensis">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFF169531FE7150E5" box="[180,436,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Dyrosaurus maghribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9CE7601D47FF8CFF3995D2FA61553F" blockId="123.[130,777,917,2027]" lastBlockId="123.[811,1457,215,593]" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">
The lateral margin of the pubis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFDAE95D2FCC250C5" authorityName="Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo" authorityYear="2014" box="[524,775,1937,1963]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Anthracosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balrogus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFDAE95D2FCC250C5" box="[524,775,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly concave and appears almost straight, not totally unlike those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFE839591FE235085" box="[289,486,2002,2027]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Hyposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natator">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFE839591FE235085" box="[289,486,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Hyposaurus natator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFDBB9591FC86579F" box="[537,835,216,2027]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Dyrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maghribensis">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFDBB9591FC86579F" box="[537,835,216,2027]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Dyrosaurus maghribensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Conversely, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFC559294FACA579F" box="[1015,1295,215,241]" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Cerrejonisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improcerus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFC559294FACA579F" box="[1015,1295,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Cerrejonisuchus improcerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the concavity of both lateral and medial margins is more accentuated. In parallel, the medial margin of the pubis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C239CE31D47FF8CFAB29354FC47563F" authorityName="Hastings, Bloch &amp; Jaramillo" authorityYear="2014" family="Dyrosauridae" genus="Anthracosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="123" pageNumber="256" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balrogus">
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFAB29354FC47563F" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">Anthracosuchus balrogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly convex in the proximity of the junction with the pubic symphysis, but the concavity is inverted more proximally. This inversion of concavity coincides with a modification in the thickness of the pubic apron, with the central part of the bone being thicker. Hence, the posterior surface of the pubic apron appears to be slightly undulating. Along the distal margin of the pubic apron, starting from the symphysis and encompassing the lateral corner of the pubic plate, is a rugged area marking the presence of a cartilage 
<emphasis id="B9573B721D47FF8CFAF49074FA58553E" box="[1366,1437,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="256">in vivo</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>