215 lines
24 KiB
XML
215 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="BB4C71CBAC53C43DAE84348084344EA4">
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<mods:title id="0F241C6A43FAEF85B7363735280BD2DC">Leporidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D7D3389735F667853C55B1B59C6C6F4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C84E47CA1718C896C2D236776CBB4A25">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AE18199FA7A3C0E669CAF444DAD592E4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="EC3245414A147AB2CE9A6645BFE67E45">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="8A7CC4B57738B30686D24C7731F7AF96" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="51063DB56741A866173278C636EED642">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="ED0160CDFD27FE30C808AABB85DECD47">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DC7AB5D44D968342099988221B2F0FC5">
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<mods:title id="82EA23DDCD31BEB3A7C29EC2AB30CF23">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03822308B756FFE8FF62F7E8F8D3F37E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195832060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03822308B756FFE8FF62F7E8F8D3F37E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03822308B756FFE8FF62F7E8F8D3F37E" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FF62F7E8FEC9FEDB" box="[201,258,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF62F7E8FEC9FEDB" blockId="17.[198,1398,2131,2261]" box="[201,258,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B756FFE8FF62F7E8FEC9FEDB" box="[201,258,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<figureCitation id="13108E9BB756FFE8FF62F7E8FEC9FEDB" box="[201,258,2131,2181]" captionStart="Plate 3: Leporidae" captionStartId="2.[115,145,3370,3395]" captionTargetBox="[12,2750,13,3642]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Amami Rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi), 2. Jameson’s Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus randensis), 3. Natal Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus crassicaudatus), 4. Smith’s Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus rupestris), 5. Hewitt’s Red Rock Hare (Pronolagus saundersiae), 6. Volcano Rabbit (Romerolagus diaz), 7. Riverine Rabbit (Bunolagus monticularis), 8. Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), 9. Sumatran Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus netscher), 10. Annamite Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi), 11. Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), 12. San Jose Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus mansuetus), 13. Desert Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), 14. Mountain Cottontail (Sylvilagus nuttallii), 15. New England Cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625691" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6625691/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">26.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FEBBF7E8FD33FEDB" box="[272,760,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FEBBF7E8FD33FEDB" blockId="17.[198,1398,2131,2261]" box="[272,760,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B756FFE8FEBBF7E8FD33FEDB" box="[272,760,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B756FFE8FEBBF7E8FD33FEDB" box="[272,760,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Appalachian Cottontail</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FC94F7E8FB51FEDB" box="[831,1178,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FC94F7E8FB51FEDB" blockId="17.[198,1398,2131,2261]" box="[831,1178,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B756FFE8FC94F7E8FB51FEDB" box="[831,1178,2131,2181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC94F7E8FB51FEDB" ID-CoL="53N9B" authorityName="Chapman, Cramer, Deppenaar & Robinson" authorityYear="1992" box="[831,1178,2131,2181]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FC94F7E8FB51FEDB" box="[831,1178,2131,2181]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Sylvilagus obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FF63F72DFCD5FE8D" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF63F72DFABEFEF5" blockId="17.[198,1398,2131,2261]" box="[200,1397,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B756FFE8FF63F72DFABEFEF5" box="[200,1397,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FF63F72DFED8FEF5" bold="true" box="[200,275,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B756FFE8FEB6F72DFE3EFEF5" box="[285,501,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Lapin des Appalaches</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FDA1F72DFDAEFEF5" bold="true" box="[522,613,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B756FFE8FDC7F72DFBCDFEF5" box="[620,1030,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Appalachen-Baumwollschwanzkaninchen</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FBB7F72DFBBCFEF5" bold="true" box="[1052,1143,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B756FFE8FB2BF72DFABEFEF5" box="[1152,1397,2198,2219]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Conejo de los Apalaches</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF63F705FCD5FE8D" blockId="17.[198,1398,2131,2261]" box="[200,798,2238,2259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<heading id="D0DC2572B756FFE8FF63F705FCD5FE8D" box="[200,798,2238,2259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FF63F705FE75FE8D" bold="true" box="[200,446,2238,2259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B756FFE8FE6DF705FD5AFE8D" box="[454,657,2238,2259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Allegheny Cottontail</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0528E230B756FFE8FD37F705FCD5FE8D" box="[668,798,2238,2259]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Wood Rabbit</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FC80F6BBFC61FF17" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FC80F6BBFC61FF17" blockId="17.[811,1406,2304,2731]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FC80F6BBFC0CFF7F" bold="true" box="[811,967,2304,2337]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC7EF6BBFC6EFF17" ID-CoL="53N9B" authorityName="Chapman, Cramer, Deppenaar & Robinson" authorityYear="1992" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">Sylvilagus obscurus Chapman et al., 1992</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FC11F68BFB40FF2F" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FC11F68BFB40FF2F" blockId="17.[811,1406,2304,2731]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<materialsCitation id="3B439843B756FFE8FC11F68BFB40FF2F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805018326" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">“Dolly Sods Scenic Area, Grant Co., West Virginia,” USA.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FC87F6C4FB27FCA4" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FC87F6C4FB27FCA4" blockId="17.[811,1406,2304,2731]" lastBlockId="17.[200,1405,2737,3479]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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Formerly,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC67F6C4FBA2FFC6" authorityName="Chapman, Cramer, Deppenaar & Robinson" authorityYear="1992" box="[972,1129,2431,2456]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">S. obscurus</taxonomicName>
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was included in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC86F625FC32FFE1" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1895" box="[813,1017,2462,2495]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transitionalis">S. transitionalis</taxonomicName>
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but received species status due to discovery of two different cytotypes (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC91F64AFC1BFC50" authorityName="Chapman, Cramer, Deppenaar & Robinson" authorityYear="1992" box="[826,976,2545,2574]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">S. obscurus</taxonomicName>
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2n = 46 and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FB06F64AFAB5FC50" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1895" box="[1197,1406,2545,2574]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transitionalis">S. transitionalis</taxonomicName>
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2n = 52) and cranial distinctiveness. No hybridization occurs between
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FB42F580FAB5FC02" authorityName="Chapman, Cramer, Deppenaar & Robinson" authorityYear="1992" box="[1257,1406,2619,2652]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">S. obscurus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FCC4F5D8FBF6FCDA" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1895" box="[879,1085,2659,2692]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transitionalis">S. transitionalis</taxonomicName>
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. Nevertheless, genetic analysis of mtDNA showed little variation between the two species and did not support separation between
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FB1BF50AFAF5FC8C" authorityName="Chapman, Cramer, Deppenaar & Robinson" authorityYear="1992" box="[1200,1342,2737,2770]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">S. obscurus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FF61F562FE58FCA4" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1895" box="[202,403,2777,2810]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transitionalis">S. transitionalis</taxonomicName>
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. This species lives sympatrically with
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC31F562FBF4FCA4" baseAuthorityName="J. A. Allen" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[922,1087,2777,2810]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floridanus">S. floridanus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FF63F4BBFD87FD17" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF54C296B756FFE8FF63F4BBFD87FD17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6625601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6625601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6625601/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" targetBox="[198,788,2312,2727]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF63F4BBFD87FD17" blockId="17.[200,1405,2737,3479]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FF63F4BBFEB3FD7F" bold="true" box="[200,376,2816,2849]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Discontinuous patches in N Pennsylvania, S & W along the Appalachian Mts to N Alabama (E USA).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FF62F4ECFD05FA50" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF62F4ECFD05FA50" blockId="17.[200,1405,2737,3479]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FF62F4ECFE08FD2E" bold="true" box="[201,451,2903,2928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 390-430 mm, tail 22-65 mm, ear 50-60 mm, hindfoot 87-97 mm; weight 0.8-1 kg. The Appalachian Cottontail strongly resembles the New England Cottontail (S.
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FDB7F41AFD09FDE0" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1895" box="[540,706,2977,3006]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="transitionalis">transitionalis</taxonomicName>
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) and both species can have the same color and pelage characteristics. None ofits external measurements is clearly diagnostic for differentiation between the two species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FF62F3AFFC60FB7F" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF62F3AFFC60FB7F" blockId="17.[200,1405,2737,3479]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FF62F3AFFEF3FA6B" bold="true" box="[201,312,3092,3125]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Habitat.</emphasis>
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High-elevation montane habitats of conifers, particularly red spruce (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FA93F3AFFAB6FA6B" box="[1336,1405,3092,3125]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
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rubens,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FE9AF384FE7FFA02" box="[305,436,3135,3164]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
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), and ericaceous species such as mountain laurel (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FB3CF384FB33FA02" box="[1175,1272,3135,3164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Kalmia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Kalmia</taxonomicName>
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||
latifolia), rhododendron (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FE1DF3D9FDBBFADD" box="[438,624,3170,3203]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rhododendron</taxonomicName>
|
||
maximum), and blueberries (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FBB5F3D9FB39FADD" box="[1054,1266,3170,3203]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Vaccinium spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Appalachian Cottontails also use mixed oak forests, early successional habitats with dense ericaceous vegetation or blackberry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FD76F30EFCFAFA8C" box="[733,817,3253,3282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rubus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rubus</taxonomicName>
|
||
allegheniensis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC56F30EFB4FFA8C" box="[1021,1156,3253,3282]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and old growth forest with dense understory. It generally uses habitat with vegetation cover of more than 80%, providing shelter and thermal protection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FF62F29CF93BF732" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FF62F29CF93BF732" blockId="17.[200,1405,2737,3479]" lastBlockId="17.[1471,2679,296,1314]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FF62F29CFE1FFB16" bold="true" box="[201,468,3367,3400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Diet of the Appalachian Cottontail includes ferns, grasses, forbs, shrubs, and conifer needles—the latter rare for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FBA6F2F4FB45FB2E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1037,1166,3407,3440]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Sylvilagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sylvilagus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It prefers to eat ericaceous plants such as eastern teaberry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8FC9DF2CDFC0AFBC9" box="[822,961,3446,3479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaultheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gaultheria</taxonomicName>
|
||
procumbens), blueberries, black huckleberry (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8F920FE93F8EDF71B" box="[1675,1830,296,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaylussacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gaylussacia</taxonomicName>
|
||
baccata), and chokeberries (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8F74BFE93F656F71B" box="[2272,2461,296,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Photinia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">Photinia spp.</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BE99DB756FFE8F613FE93F5F1F71B" box="[2488,2618,296,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as browse during winter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FA6AFEC9F6DAF7BD" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FA6AFEC9F6DAF7BD" blockId="17.[1471,2679,296,1314]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FA6AFEC9F983F7CD" bold="true" box="[1473,1608,370,403]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive season of the Appalachian Cottontail lasts from early March through early September. It is a synchronous breeder. Gestation is c.28 days. A female has an average of 24 young/year, and littersize is 3-5 young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FA14FE52F629F454" box="[1471,2530,489,522]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FA14FE52F629F454" blockId="17.[1471,2679,296,1314]" box="[1471,2530,489,522]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FA14FE52F960F454" bold="true" box="[1471,1707,489,522]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Appalachian Cottontail is crepuscular and nocturnal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FA6AFDABF711F4A9" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FA6AFDABF711F4A9" blockId="17.[1471,2679,296,1314]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FA6AFDABF7B1F46F" bold="true" box="[1473,2170,528,561]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Home range sizes of the Appalachian Cottontail are 5-7-13-3 ha during the vegetation growing period (May-September) and 1-5-9 ha during the dormant season (October—April). Core areas are 0-9-2-5 ha during the growing period and 0-1-2-5 ha during the dormant season. Male Appalachian Cottontails had larger home ranges during the growing period than the dormant season, but female ranges did not differ seasonally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FA69FD46F5A0F2F6" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FA69FD46F5A0F2F6" blockId="17.[1471,2679,296,1314]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FA69FD46F8D1F540" bold="true" box="[1474,1818,765,798]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Appalachian Cottontail is rare and has a fragmented distribution. It is common only in some sections of eastern Tennessee and Monongahela National Forest in West Virginia. The Appalachian Cottontail appears to be declining, but there is no data on current population status. Threats are habitat destruction, fragmentation, and maturation; urbanization and development; encroachment by the Eastern Cottontail that thrives better in developed areas and requires less shelter than the Appalachian Cottontail; and indiscriminate hunting because Eastern Cottontails and Appalachian Cottontails cannot be differentiated in the field. Recommendations are to investigate population status, distribution, threats, population genetics, biology, and ecology of Appalachian Cottontails, followed by establishment of appropriate management plans and protected areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C331C195B756FFE8FA68FB0CF8D3F37E" pageId="17" pageNumber="124" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94921EB756FFE8FA68FB0CF8D3F37E" blockId="17.[1471,2679,296,1314]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F4E0CB756FFE8FA68FB0CF997F28E" bold="true" box="[1475,1628,1207,1232]" pageId="17" pageNumber="124">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Barry & Lazell (2008), Boyce & Barry (2007), Bunch et al. (1997), Chapman (1975a, 1999b), Chapman et al. (1992), Hartman & Barry (2010), Hoffmann & Smith (2005), Litvaitis et al. (1997), Ruedas et al. (1989), Stevens & Barry (2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |