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<document id="0B263121B0EBF727E16A81F8DC15DC1A" ID-CLB-Dataset="7139" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="049b6936-13d8-42d6-9468-2019ddf78d14" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700704" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618839122537" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Roux, Michel, Martinez, Alain &amp; Vizcaïno, Daniel" docDate="2021" docId="038187A7FF89FFCD36A9FA203B4CFB26" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4963.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4963 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Democrinus elongatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="FFB8FFDFFF90FFD7363EFFA83835FF91" masterDocTitle="A diverse crinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Lower Eocene of the Gulf of Languedoc (Corbières, Aude, southern France)" masterLastPageNumber="242" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1702000348166" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C581C895A07F1F109D5C990B1F8EEDEC">
<mods:title id="4A0225580BE6E1778B70BC28FEA01983">A diverse crinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) from the Lower Eocene of the Gulf of Languedoc (Corbières, Aude, southern France)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0608D12AE8113AFB0F6F14B441A8C011" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="33DE76E26CDEB270BE92E6D2AAF70834">Roux, Michel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="672C6D97DBD7C69D2CBBFAA81F79DEF3">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB MNHN-CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Département Systématique et Évolution, CP 51, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="79A62486539747099F5930A07D74C693">Martinez, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="587897A546D86619274CFC8C75EAD1A1">Chemin de Saint Estève, 11200 Lézignan-Corbières. France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5DAF81B4977F470F5C307103FA8B61EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="90AB4EDB6A96B08503916C379AC7805C">Vizcaïno, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8032E7F1A2100A9B3927A46E26CA6985">7 rue J. - B. Chardin Maquens, 11000 Carcassonne, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E261F8CE97CE65F78D64609ECAA29B91">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="227F6A318B4B385029766DA01371B825">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E1F512C50B3EB53ACC4BB75729CCE0A3">2021-04-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DB0FD0F3A13EAEDD6A1BEC98717D0C68">4963</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="4DD7F200654F9547A0D0FC668C91604E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4963.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038187A7FF89FFCD36A9FA203B4CFB26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4730456" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181760264" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4730456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FF89FFCD36A9FA203B4CFB26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038187A7FF89FFCD36A9FA203B4CFB26" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<subSubSection id="C332653AFF89FFCE36A9FA203A5EFA33" box="[151,619,1415,1442]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36A9FA203A5EFA33" blockId="25.[151,619,1415,1478]" box="[151,619,1415,1442]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<heading id="D0DF81DDFF89FFCE36A9FA203A5EFA33" bold="true" box="[151,619,1415,1442]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE36A9FA203A5EFA33" bold="true" box="[151,619,1415,1442]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF89FFCE3698FA203A5EFA33" authority="(Roux, 1978 c)" baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[166,619,1415,1442]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE3698FA203983FA33" bold="true" box="[166,438,1415,1442]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Democrinus elongatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF89FFCE37F8FA203A56FA33" author="Roux, M." box="[454,611,1416,1442]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="265 - 268" refId="ref28311" refString="Roux, M. (1978 c) Les crinoides pedoncules (Echinodermes) du genre Conocrinus provenant de l'Eocene des environs de Biarritz. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris, D 296, 265 - 268." type="journal article" year="1978">Roux, 1978c</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFF89FFCE36A9FA043C38F9B6" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36A9FA043931FA57" blockId="25.[151,619,1415,1478]" box="[151,260,1452,1478]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<figureCitation id="13132A34FF89FFCE36A9FA043931FA57" box="[151,260,1452,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aboral cups and columnals of Pseudoconocrinus doncieuxi and aboral cup of?Democrinus cf. elongatus. A–F: P. doncieuxi suboblongus n. subsp.; A–C: holotype from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A81998), A: lateral view, B: distal face of radial circlet, C: aboral face with stalk insertion with proximalmost columnals preserved; D–F: paratypes, D–E: from Lavade (MNHN.F.A81999), F: from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82000), D: oblique lateral view showing stalk insertion, E: oblique lateral view of same specimen showing proximal face of radial circlet, F: distal face of radial circlet; G–I:?D. elongatus from Lavade (MNHN.F.A82010), G: lateral view, H: distal face of radial circlet, I: detail of H showing interradial crest and muscular synarthrial facet; J–Q: columnals of P. doncieuxi from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A69946), J–K: columnal of middle mesistele, K: detail of fulcral ridge; L–N: columnals of dististele, L: oblique proximal view, M: lateral view, N: distal facet, O–Q: columnal of distal mesistele, Q: detail of fulcral ridge. Scale bar equals 1 mm (A–B, D–F, G), 0.5 mm (C, H–I, L–P), 0.25 mm (J, Q) and 0.12 mm (K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700730/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Fig. 8G–I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36A9FA583C38F9B6" blockId="25.[151,1436,1520,1575]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE36A9FA58393BF999" bold="true" box="[151,270,1520,1544]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" reason="1">Synonymy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF89FFCE372AFA593AD6F999" authority="Roux, 1978 c: 265 - 266" authorityName="Roux" authorityPageNumber="265 - 266" authorityYear="1978" box="[276,739,1520,1545]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE372AFA5939C1F999" box="[276,500,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Conocrinus elongatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF89FFCE37C7FA593AD6F999" author="Roux, M." box="[505,739,1520,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="265 - 268" refId="ref28311" refString="Roux, M. (1978 c) Les crinoides pedoncules (Echinodermes) du genre Conocrinus provenant de l'Eocene des environs de Biarritz. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris, D 296, 265 - 268." type="journal article" year="1978">Roux, 1978c: 265–266</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 1A;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF89FFCE3578FA593C2DF999" author="Roux, M. &amp; Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N." box="[838,1048,1520,1545]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref28520" refString="Roux, M., Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2019) A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk. Zootaxa, 4560 (1), 51 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.1.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
Roux
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE35BDFA593B85F999" box="[899,944,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
. 2019: 66
</bibRefCitation>
, 77;
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF89FFCE3276FA593D3AF999" box="[1096,1295,1521,1544]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bourgueticrinidae" genus="Bourgueticrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE3276FA593CD9F999" box="[1096,1260,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Bourgueticrinus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF89FFCE332BFA59391AF9B6" author="Zamora, S. &amp; Aurell, M. &amp; Veitch, M. &amp; Saulsbury, J. &amp; Lopez-Horgue, M. A. &amp; Ferratges, F. A. &amp; Arz, J. A. &amp; Baumiller, T. K." pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="779 - 794" refId="ref29229" refString="Zamora, S., Aurell, M., Veitch, M., Saulsbury, J., Lopez-Horgue, M. A., Ferratges, F. A., Arz, J. A. &amp; Baumiller, T. K. (2018) Environmental distribution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids from the Iberian and south-Pyrenean basins, NE Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (4), 779 - 794. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00520.2018" type="journal article" year="2018">
Zamora
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE3354FA593DA3F999" box="[1386,1430,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
. 2018: 788
</bibRefCitation>
, 791, fig. 10G;?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF89FFCE37DEF9B83BA9F9B6" authority="Roux et al. 2019: 67" authorityName="Roux" authorityPageNumber="67" authorityYear="2019" box="[480,924,1551,1575]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE37DEF9B83AF0F9B6" box="[480,709,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Democrinus elongatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF89FFCE34F5F9B83BA9F9B6" author="Roux, M. &amp; Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N." box="[715,924,1551,1575]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref28520" refString="Roux, M., Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2019) A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk. Zootaxa, 4560 (1), 51 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.1.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
Roux
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE3536F9B83B00F9B6" box="[776,821,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">et al</emphasis>
. 2019: 67
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 8G–J.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFF89FFCE36A9F9FD3B46F96E" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36A9F9FD38EBF905" blockId="25.[151,1437,1621,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE36A9F9FD3970F9FE" bold="true" box="[151,325,1621,1647]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B403CECFF89FFCE3774F9FD38EFF905" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3095320311" collectionCode="UCBL-FSL" county="Bartonian" location="Basques" municipality="Biarritz" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="UCBL-FSL 19210" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Coast" typeStatus="holotype">
The
<typeStatus id="54938813FF89FFCE3743F9FD39EAF9FE" box="[381,479,1621,1647]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8E9ECAFF89FFCE37D2F9FD3A8AF9FE" box="[492,703,1621,1647]" collectionCode="UCBL-FSL" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">UCBL-FSL 19210</specimenCode>
A) is from the
<collectingCounty id="62F64E3DFF89FFCE355FF9FD3BFAF9FE" box="[865,975,1621,1647]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Bartonian</collectingCounty>
at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF3ACCBFF89FFCE35CFF9FD3C72F9FE" box="[1009,1095,1621,1647]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Biarritz</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingRegion id="49ECF853FF89FFCE326BF9FD3CB9F9FE" box="[1109,1164,1621,1647]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Côte</collectingRegion>
des
<location id="8EF7606AFF89FFCE3280F9FE3D2BF9E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FF89FFCD36A9FA203B4CFB26:8EF7606AFF89FFCE3280F9FE3D2BF9E1" box="[1214,1310,1622,1648]" county="Bartonian" municipality="Biarritz" name="Basques" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="West Coast">Basques</location>
,
<location id="8EF7606AFF89FFCE3316F9FD38E7F905" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038187A7FF89FFCD36A9FA203B4CFB26:8EF7606AFF89FFCE3316F9FD38E7F905" county="Bartonian" municipality="Biarritz" name="Villa Marbella" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="West Coast">Villa Marbella</location>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36F9F93539DAF94A" blockId="25.[151,1437,1621,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE36F9F9353984F926" bold="true" box="[199,433,1693,1719]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Material examined.</emphasis>
4 aboral cups from Lavade; specimen A (
<collectionCode id="ED39AE74FF89FFCE35B8F9353BD5F926" box="[902,992,1693,1719]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">MNHN</collectionCode>
.F.
<accessionNumber id="947BAB52FF89FFCE35C9F9353C60F926" box="[1015,1109,1693,1719]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A82010" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="EnaNcbi">A82010</accessionNumber>
) is
<figureCitation id="13132A34FF89FFCE3240F9353CDBF926" box="[1150,1262,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aboral cups and columnals of Pseudoconocrinus doncieuxi and aboral cup of?Democrinus cf. elongatus. A–F: P. doncieuxi suboblongus n. subsp.; A–C: holotype from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A81998), A: lateral view, B: distal face of radial circlet, C: aboral face with stalk insertion with proximalmost columnals preserved; D–F: paratypes, D–E: from Lavade (MNHN.F.A81999), F: from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82000), D: oblique lateral view showing stalk insertion, E: oblique lateral view of same specimen showing proximal face of radial circlet, F: distal face of radial circlet; G–I:?D. elongatus from Lavade (MNHN.F.A82010), G: lateral view, H: distal face of radial circlet, I: detail of H showing interradial crest and muscular synarthrial facet; J–Q: columnals of P. doncieuxi from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A69946), J–K: columnal of middle mesistele, K: detail of fulcral ridge; L–N: columnals of dististele, L: oblique proximal view, M: lateral view, N: distal facet, O–Q: columnal of distal mesistele, Q: detail of fulcral ridge. Scale bar equals 1 mm (A–B, D–F, G), 0.5 mm (C, H–I, L–P), 0.25 mm (J, Q) and 0.12 mm (K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700730/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Fig. 8G–I</figureCitation>
, the other three are in the Martinez Collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36F9F94D3B46F96E" blockId="25.[151,1437,1621,2007]" box="[199,883,1765,1792]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE36F9F94D391AF96E" bold="true" box="[199,303,1765,1791]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Locality.</emphasis>
Lavade near Fontcouverte (middle Ilerdian, NP11).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFF89FFCE36F9F8A13AD9F846" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF89FFCE36F9F8A13AD9F846" blockId="25.[151,1437,1621,2007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF89FFCE36F9F8A1396CF8B2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1801,1827]" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Description.</emphasis>
Main variations in quantitative characters of aboral cups given in
<tableCitation id="C6AA030AFF89FFCE3204F8A13CA8F8B2" box="[1082,1181,1801,1827]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="26.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 13. Variations in the main quantitative characters of Lavade aboral cups attributed to?Democrinus elongatus. Dp: diameter of the stalk insertion, Wr: width of the articular facet distal to a radial; for other abbreviations see Fig. 2. Dc used as growth index. Values in mm, except for ratios." pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Table 13</tableCitation>
. Very elongated aboral cup, with H/D&gt;3.1, except in specimen B, maximum D in upper third, progressive variation of D along height in smallest specimen (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FF89FFCE374AF8F939F8F8FA" box="[372,461,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aboral cups and columnals of Pseudoconocrinus doncieuxi and aboral cup of?Democrinus cf. elongatus. A–F: P. doncieuxi suboblongus n. subsp.; A–C: holotype from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A81998), A: lateral view, B: distal face of radial circlet, C: aboral face with stalk insertion with proximalmost columnals preserved; D–F: paratypes, D–E: from Lavade (MNHN.F.A81999), F: from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82000), D: oblique lateral view showing stalk insertion, E: oblique lateral view of same specimen showing proximal face of radial circlet, F: distal face of radial circlet; G–I:?D. elongatus from Lavade (MNHN.F.A82010), G: lateral view, H: distal face of radial circlet, I: detail of H showing interradial crest and muscular synarthrial facet; J–Q: columnals of P. doncieuxi from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A69946), J–K: columnal of middle mesistele, K: detail of fulcral ridge; L–N: columnals of dististele, L: oblique proximal view, M: lateral view, N: distal facet, O–Q: columnal of distal mesistele, Q: detail of fulcral ridge. Scale bar equals 1 mm (A–B, D–F, G), 0.5 mm (C, H–I, L–P), 0.25 mm (J, Q) and 0.12 mm (K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700730/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
), very weak in others; adoral face with wide, pentagonal central cavity (Dd/Dr ~0.40), muscular areas more developed than ligament areas, discrete interradial crest with marked bending of inner side of radials (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FF89FFCE36CFF8313956F822" box="[241,355,1945,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aboral cups and columnals of Pseudoconocrinus doncieuxi and aboral cup of?Democrinus cf. elongatus. A–F: P. doncieuxi suboblongus n. subsp.; A–C: holotype from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A81998), A: lateral view, B: distal face of radial circlet, C: aboral face with stalk insertion with proximalmost columnals preserved; D–F: paratypes, D–E: from Lavade (MNHN.F.A81999), F: from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82000), D: oblique lateral view showing stalk insertion, E: oblique lateral view of same specimen showing proximal face of radial circlet, F: distal face of radial circlet; G–I:?D. elongatus from Lavade (MNHN.F.A82010), G: lateral view, H: distal face of radial circlet, I: detail of H showing interradial crest and muscular synarthrial facet; J–Q: columnals of P. doncieuxi from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A69946), J–K: columnal of middle mesistele, K: detail of fulcral ridge; L–N: columnals of dististele, L: oblique proximal view, M: lateral view, N: distal facet, O–Q: columnal of distal mesistele, Q: detail of fulcral ridge. Scale bar equals 1 mm (A–B, D–F, G), 0.5 mm (C, H–I, L–P), 0.25 mm (J, Q) and 0.12 mm (K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700730/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="226">Fig. 8H–I</figureCitation>
), stalk insertion occupying aboral face. Specimen C with additional circle of plates (H
<quantity id="4CD09B54FF89FFCE3311F8313DA1F825" box="[1327,1428,1945,1972]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="25" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
) prolonging basals, likely resulting from regeneration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF576639FF8AFFCD36A9FF3F3AEEFF66" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" startId="26.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF8AFFCD36A9FF3F3AEEFF66" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,247]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD36A9FF3F392CFF3E" bold="true" box="[151,281,151,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">TABLE 13.</emphasis>
Variations in the main quantitative characters of Lavade aboral cups attributed to?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD329DFF303DA3FF3E" box="[1187,1430,151,175]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD329DFF303DA3FF3E" box="[1187,1430,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Democrinus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Dp: diameter of the stalk insertion, Wr: width of the articular facet distal to a radial; for other abbreviations see Fig. 2. Dc used as growth index. Values in mm, except for ratios.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF8AFFCD3698FEA03D42FE50" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<table id="F928C411FF8A00283698FEA03DB7FE50" box="[166,1410,264,449]" colsContinueFrom="19.[166,1412,1093,1721]" gridcols="11" gridrows="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<tr id="351834F3FF8A00283698FEA03DB7FEB1" box="[166,1410,264,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283698FEA0393FFEB1" box="[166,266,264,288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Specimen</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283764FEA039A7FEB1" box="[346,402,264,288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Hc</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A002837F4FEA039C3FEB1" box="[458,502,264,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dc</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283410FEA03A6FFEB1" box="[558,602,264,288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dr</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A002834AAFEA03AF5FEB1" box="[660,704,264,288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dp</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A002834C4FEA03B13FEB1" box="[762,806,264,288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dd</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283557FEA03BA0FEB1" box="[873,917,264,288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Wr</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A002835E8FEA03C2DFEB1" box="[982,1048,264,288]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Hc/Dc</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A0028326EFEA03CA5FEB1" box="[1104,1168,264,288]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dr/Dc</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A002832F9FEA03D3EFEB1" box="[1223,1291,264,288]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dp/Dc</th>
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A0028337EFEA03DB7FEB1" box="[1344,1410,264,288]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Dd/Dr</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FF8A00283698FE983DB7FED9" box="[166,1410,304,328]" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283698FE98393FFED9" box="[166,266,304,328]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">A</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283764FE9839A7FED9" box="[346,402,304,328]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">5.42</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002837F4FE9839C3FED9" box="[458,502,304,328]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.72</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283410FE983A6FFED9" box="[558,602,304,328]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.39</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834AAFE983AF5FED9" box="[660,704,304,328]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.72</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834C4FE983B13FED9" box="[762,806,304,328]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.56</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283557FE983BA0FED9" box="[873,917,304,328]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.70</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002835E8FE983C2DFED9" box="[982,1048,304,328]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">3.15</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028326EFE983CA5FED9" box="[1104,1168,304,328]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.81</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002832F9FE983D3EFED9" box="[1223,1291,304,328]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.42</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028337EFE983DB7FED9" box="[1344,1410,304,328]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FF8A00283698FEF03DB7FEE1" box="[166,1410,344,368]" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283698FEF0393FFEE1" box="[166,266,344,368]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">B</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283764FEF039A7FEE1" box="[346,402,344,368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">4.25</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002837F4FEF039C3FEE1" box="[458,502,344,368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.84</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283410FEF03A6FFEE1" box="[558,602,344,368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.64</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834AAFEF03AF5FEE1" box="[660,704,344,368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.27</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834C4FEF03B13FEE1" box="[762,806,344,368]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.65</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283557FEF03BA0FEE1" box="[873,917,344,368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.80</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002835E8FEF03C2DFEE1" box="[982,1048,344,368]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">2.31</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028326EFEF03CA5FEE1" box="[1104,1168,344,368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.89</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002832F9FEF03D3EFEE1" box="[1223,1291,344,368]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.69</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028337EFEF03DB7FEE1" box="[1344,1410,344,368]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FF8A00283698FE283DB7FE08" box="[166,1410,384,409]" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283698FE28393FFE08" box="[166,266,384,409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">C</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283764FE2839A7FE08" box="[346,402,384,409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">8.90</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002837F4FE2839C3FE08" box="[458,502,384,409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">2.86</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283410FE283A6FFE08" box="[558,602,384,409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">2.45</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834AAFE283AF5FE08" box="[660,704,384,409]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">2.00</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834C4FE283B13FE08" box="[762,806,384,409]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.97</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283557FE283BA0FE08" box="[873,917,384,409]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.21</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002835E8FE283C2DFE08" box="[982,1048,384,409]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">3.11</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028326EFE283CA5FE08" box="[1104,1168,384,409]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.86</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002832F9FE283D3EFE08" box="[1223,1291,384,409]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.70</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028337EFE283DB7FE08" box="[1344,1410,384,409]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351834F3FF8A00283698FE013DB7FE50" box="[166,1410,425,449]" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<th id="76C95D8FFF8A00283698FE01393FFE50" box="[166,266,425,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">D</th>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283764FE0139A7FE50" box="[346,402,425,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">11.17</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002837F4FE0139C3FE50" box="[458,502,425,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">3.03</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283410FE013A6FFE50" box="[558,602,425,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">2.15</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834AAFE013AF5FE50" box="[660,704,425,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">1.50</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002834C4FE013B13FE50" box="[762,806,425,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.90</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A00283557FE013BA0FE50" box="[873,917,425,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.95</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002835E8FE013C2DFE50" box="[982,1048,425,449]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">3.69</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028326EFE013CA5FE50" box="[1104,1168,425,449]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.71</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A002832F9FE013D3EFE50" box="[1223,1291,425,449]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.50</td>
<td id="76C95D8FFF8A0028337EFE013DB7FE50" box="[1344,1410,425,449]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">0.42</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C332653AFF8AFFCD36F9FE583B4CFB26" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF8AFFCD36F9FE583B3DFBFF" blockId="26.[151,1437,496,1207]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD36F9FE58390EFD9B" bold="true" box="[199,315,496,522]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Remarks.</emphasis>
Distal face of aboral cup of specimens here attributed to?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD35FBFE593CF4FD9B" box="[965,1217,496,522]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD35FBFE593CF4FD9B" box="[965,1217,496,522]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Democrinus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show same characters as those from Bartonian of Biarritz (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD3463FDBC3B2BFDBF" author="Roux, M. &amp; Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N." box="[605,798,532,559]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref28520" refString="Roux, M., Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2019) A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk. Zootaxa, 4560 (1), 51 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.1.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
Roux
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD349DFDBD3AE1FDBF" box="[675,724,532,558]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8G–J). It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD32D5FDBC39F2FDC3" authority="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno, 2021" authorityName="Roux &amp; Martinez &amp; Vizcaïno" authorityYear="2021" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Pseudoconocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="doncieuxi" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="suboblongus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD32D5FDBC39F2FDC3" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Pseudoconocrinus doncieuxi suboblongus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD37F0FD903A02FDC3" bold="true" box="[462,567,568,594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57D8FF8AFFCD37F0FD903A02FDC3" box="[462,567,568,594]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" rank="subSpecies">n. subsp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by radial circlet with adoral face having muscular areas more developed than ligament areas and interradial bending of the lateral edges of muscular fossae, absence of conspicuous interradial crests and wide, pentagonal to slightly star-shaped central cavity as observed in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD32BEFD2938E9FD2F" authority="(Roux et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD32BEFD293D3CFD0B" box="[1152,1289,641,666]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Democrinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD3324FD2838E1FD2F" author="Roux, M. &amp; Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N." pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="51 - 84" refId="ref28520" refString="Roux, M., Eleaume, M. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2019) A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk. Zootaxa, 4560 (1), 51 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4560.1.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
Roux
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD335CFD293DA0FD0B" box="[1378,1429,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Lacking these characters, these two species cannot be separated when aboral cups are very elongated. Mesistele columnals from Lavade with no mid-height swelling and with H/D ~1.6 (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FF8AFFCD321DFD603C41FD73" box="[1059,1140,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="24.[151,250,850,874]" captionTargetBox="[179,1400,193,810]" captionTargetId="figure-23@24.[151,1436,181,826]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 13. Variation in main quantitative characters of columnals from Lavade. Other species: columnals that can be attributed to?Democrinus elongatus. To make the scatter plot clearer, only ~50% of columnals bearing rhizoids were represented. Envelopes encompass at least 90% of all groups of columnals. D and d used as growth index. Values in mm, except for ratios H/D (black straight lines at left). See Fig. 2 for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700754/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) could belong to this species. Similarly, rare distal columnals from the Tuilerie de Fontcouverte show an extension of ligament depressions on either side of the fulcral crest (
<figureCitation id="13132A34FF8AFFCD342AFCB83A5CFCBB" box="[532,617,784,810]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetId="figure-23@16.[210,1378,181,1649]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aboral cups and columnals of Pseudoconocrinus doncieuxi and aboral cup of?Democrinus cf. elongatus. A–F: P. doncieuxi suboblongus n. subsp.; A–C: holotype from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A81998), A: lateral view, B: distal face of radial circlet, C: aboral face with stalk insertion with proximalmost columnals preserved; D–F: paratypes, D–E: from Lavade (MNHN.F.A81999), F: from Réqui (MNHN.F.A82000), D: oblique lateral view showing stalk insertion, E: oblique lateral view of same specimen showing proximal face of radial circlet, F: distal face of radial circlet; G–I:?D. elongatus from Lavade (MNHN.F.A82010), G: lateral view, H: distal face of radial circlet, I: detail of H showing interradial crest and muscular synarthrial facet; J–Q: columnals of P. doncieuxi from Fontcouverte à l’Estagnol (MNHN.F.A69946), J–K: columnal of middle mesistele, K: detail of fulcral ridge; L–N: columnals of dististele, L: oblique proximal view, M: lateral view, N: distal facet, O–Q: columnal of distal mesistele, Q: detail of fulcral ridge. Scale bar equals 1 mm (A–B, D–F, G), 0.5 mm (C, H–I, L–P), 0.25 mm (J, Q) and 0.12 mm (K)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4700730/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
) as observed in some extant species of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD3219FCB93D7CFCBB" authority="(Roux 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Roux" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1063,1353,784,810]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD3219FCB93C85FCBB" box="[1063,1200,785,810]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Democrinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD3281FCB83D75FCBB" author="Roux, M." box="[1215,1344,784,810]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="25 - 83" refId="ref28151" refString="Roux, M. (1977) Les Bourgueticrinina (Crinoidea) recueillis par la &quot; Thalassa &quot; dans le Golfe de Gascogne: anatomie comparee des pedoncules et systematique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (3) 426, Zoologie, 296, 25 - 83." type="journal article" year="1977">Roux 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; but no aboral cup of?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD3702FC9D39FFFCDF" box="[316,458,820,846]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD3702FC9D39FFFCDF" box="[316,458,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">D. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has ever been identified at this site despite the abundance of material. Excess basals due to regeneration anomaly, as observed in specimen C, are frequent in extant
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD35D3FCF13DADFCE3" authority="(Gislen, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Gislen" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1005,1432,856,882]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD35D3FCF13CDEFCE3" box="[1005,1259,857,882]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Democrinus japonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD32C4FCF03DA5FCE3" author="Gislen, T." box="[1274,1424,856,882]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref26274" refString="Gislen, T. (1927) Japanese crinoids. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16, 37. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra det Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 83, 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1927">Gislén, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The aboral cup of?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD374CFCD53A34FC07" box="[370,513,892,918]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD374CFCD53A34FC07" box="[370,513,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">D. elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD35ABFCD53CD0FC06" authority="(Forbes, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Forbes" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[917,1253,892,919]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="londinensis">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD35ABFCD53C02FC07" box="[917,1079,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">D. londinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD3278FCD43CEBFC06" author="Forbes, E." box="[1094,1246,892,919]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" refId="ref25983" refString="Forbes, E. (1852) Monograph of the Echinodermata of the British Tertiaries. Palaeontographical Society, London, 36 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11714" type="book" year="1852">Forbes, 1852</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, a Ypresian species from the London Clay whose sutures between plates are conspicuous and Hc/Dc &lt;1.20 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD32F4FC083DA5FC2B" author="Rasmussen, H. W." box="[1226,1424,928,954]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="1 - 83" refId="ref27997" refString="Rasmussen, H. W. (1972) Lower Tertiary Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea from northern Europe and Greenland. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selslab, Biologiske Skrifter, 19 (7), 1 - 83." type="journal article" year="1972">Rasmussen 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD36A9FC6D39B7FC4F" author="Zamora, S. &amp; Aurell, M. &amp; Veitch, M. &amp; Saulsbury, J. &amp; Lopez-Horgue, M. A. &amp; Ferratges, F. A. &amp; Arz, J. A. &amp; Baumiller, T. K." box="[151,386,964,991]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="779 - 794" refId="ref29229" refString="Zamora, S., Aurell, M., Veitch, M., Saulsbury, J., Lopez-Horgue, M. A., Ferratges, F. A., Arz, J. A. &amp; Baumiller, T. K. (2018) Environmental distribution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids from the Iberian and south-Pyrenean basins, NE Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 63 (4), 779 - 794. https: // doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 00520.2018" type="journal article" year="2018">
Zamora
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD36C8FC6D391DFC4F" box="[246,296,964,990]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
attributed to
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD3424FC6D3AC2FC4E" box="[538,759,965,991]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bourgueticrinidae" genus="Bourgueticrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD3424FC6D3AFAFC4F" box="[538,719,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Bourgueticrinus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
an elongated aboral cup from the middle Ilerdian of Puebla de Roda (Graus-Tremp basin,
<collectingCountry id="F33F7621FF8AFFCD37D4FC403A1AFB92" box="[490,559,1000,1027]" name="Spain" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Spain</collectingCountry>
). The distal face of this cup has the typical characters of?
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD3289FC41388DFBB7" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD3289FC41388DFBB7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Democrinus elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which attests to the presence of this species in the south Pyrenean Ilerdian basin.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B40FF8AFFCD3260FBA43D2BFBB7" author="Klikushin, V. G." box="[1118,1310,1036,1062]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" pagination="811 - 843" refId="ref26713" refString="Klikushin, V. G. (1982) Cretaceous and Paleogene Bourgueticrinina (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) of the USSR. Geobios, 15 (6), 811 - 843. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (82) 80034 - X" type="journal article" year="1982">Klikushin (1982)</bibRefCitation>
referred to a fragment of an aboral cup from the Upper Eocene of Crimea as “
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD35B8FB993C3CFBDA" box="[902,1033,1073,1099]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Conocrinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Comatulida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD35B8FB993C3CFBDA" box="[902,1033,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Conocrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
<taxonomicName id="4C284D32FF8AFFCD3223FB983C9BFBDB" box="[1053,1198,1072,1098]" class="Crinoidea" family="Bathycrinidae" genus="Democrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Bourgueticrinida" pageId="26" pageNumber="227" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
cf.
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD327FFB983C9BFBDB" box="[1089,1198,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">elongatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but failed to present any conclusive character to confirm such an attribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9736B1FF8AFFCD36F9FBD03B4CFB26" blockId="26.[151,1437,496,1207]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis id="B95CEAA3FF8AFFCD36F9FBD0396FFB03" bold="true" box="[199,346,1144,1170]" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Early Ypresian (Ilerdian) of the French-Spanish Pyrenean basin (gulfs of Languedoc and of Graus-Tremp); Bartonian of Biarritz (
<collectingRegion id="49ECF853FF8AFFCD37CFFB343A1DFB27" box="[497,552,1180,1206]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="26" pageNumber="227">Côte</collectingRegion>
des Basques, Villa Marbella).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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