616 lines
74 KiB
XML
616 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="60A385558207B675ADD81DED26358D49" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4a1158fd-fb5d-4b37-b0dd-f41849c3326a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242084" ID-ZooBank="81B9E14F-DCC5-47C4-8BB1-637D80C01ECA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461246520734" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nicacio, Gilberto & Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2015" docId="0381878FFFFF9918FF08FC3E74EDE1C1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03981p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3981 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ephydatia caatingae Nicacio & Pinheiro, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FFB8FFF7FFF89913FF9FFFCB7414E011" masterDocTitle="Biodiversity of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillina) from northeast Brazil: new species and notes on systematics" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="220" pageNumber="227" updateTime="1698606569087" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2CA2DC6D4963D0A7B4AD8B32C5D0F991">
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<mods:title id="FF675C74A51389AC14AB238E9576E074">Biodiversity of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillina) from northeast Brazil: new species and notes on systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0339BE66AC5AB53BF8B16A1348FF38C1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9B70958F77C4FCB17E3FFA7CC3D96094">Nicacio, Gilberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6302A249B14795E233938274558A4243">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6C0D2ECA5C71378EEEA547ED828B00C8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="113CBE1D8C0A4372E7B145E55D325EA2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="560303788F5F5D424BFCCF5ADC2E0822">
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<mods:date id="50454BE45C6F1A2787887722C043D985">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="BDFE6218A367C095B3147171B7706AA7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3981.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E7C0D60F9FCC1A3C21C463AE5933B917" type="GBIF-Dataset">4a1158fd-fb5d-4b37-b0dd-f41849c3326a</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0381878FFFFF9918FF08FC3E74EDE1C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119634977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381878FFFFF9918FF08FC3E74EDE1C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381878FFFFF9918FF08FC3E74EDE1C1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFF9914FF08FC3E75ACE421" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF08FC3E75E0E41E" blockId="7.[151,500,1013,1072]" box="[151,500,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<heading id="D0DF81F5FFFF9914FF08FC3E75E0E41E" bold="true" box="[151,500,1013,1039]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF08FC3E75E0E41E" bold="true" box="[151,500,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FF08FC3E759BE41E" box="[151,399,1013,1039]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF08FC3E759BE41E" bold="true" box="[151,399,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFFF9914FE09FC3E75E0E41E" box="[406,500,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF08FBDC75ACE421" blockId="7.[151,500,1013,1072]" box="[151,440,1047,1072]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FF01FBDC751DE421" box="[158,265,1047,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,249,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[229,1363,249,1759]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov. Specimens in situ: (a) UFPEPOR 1733 (Holotype); (b) UFPEPOR 1736 (Paratype). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FEA0FBD3755BE43E" box="[319,335,1048,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,517,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov.: (a) megascleres; (b) gemmuloscleres; (c, d) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 100 µm; b— 10 µm; c— 100 µm; d— 50 µm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6AA0322FFFF9914FEC3FBDC75B8E421" box="[348,428,1047,1072]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[151,239,544,567]" captionTargetBox="[159,1378,636,1592]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule micrometries of Ephydatia from the Neotropical Region." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" tableUuid="DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFF9914FF08FB947053E53C" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF08FB947053E53C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF08FB947564E469" bold="true" box="[151,368,1119,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Material studied.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FE1CFB9475E4E469" box="[387,496,1119,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: Poço Verde Pond, Orobó, Pernambuco,
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<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FB9EFB94705CE469" box="[1025,1096,1119,1144]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FBC0FBAB70F2E469" box="[1119,1254,1120,1144]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-7.7363057">7°44'10.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FB67FB947183E469" box="[1272,1431,1119,1144]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-35.543278">35°32'35.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, UFPEPOR1733, coll. U. Pinheiro,
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<date id="FF961059FFFF9914FDD3FB4F76D3E48C" box="[588,711,1156,1181]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" value="2013-09-17">17.ix.2013</date>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FD41FB4E7750E48C" box="[734,836,1157,1181]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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: Poço Verde Pond, Orobó, Pernambuco,
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<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FACEFB4F718CE48C" box="[1361,1432,1156,1181]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FF08FB637509E4D1" box="[151,285,1192,1216]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-7.7363057">7°44'10.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FEB9FB6C75D1E4D1" box="[294,453,1191,1216]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-35.543278">35°32'35.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, UFPEPOR1736, coll. U. Pinheiro,
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<date id="FF961059FFFF9914FCFEFB6C77C8E4D1" box="[865,988,1191,1216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" value="2013-09-17">17.ix.2013</date>
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. Comparative material: Ipanema River, Santana do Ipanema, Alagoas,
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<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FD9EFB07765CE4F4" box="[513,584,1228,1253]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FDC7FB0776CEE4F4" box="[600,730,1228,1253]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-9.364667">9º21'52.8''S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FD7AFB077795E4F4" box="[741,897,1228,1253]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-37.25789">37º15'28.4''W</geoCoordinate>
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, UFPEPOR1402, coll. G. Nicacio,
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<date id="FF961059FFFF9914FA82FB07718DE4F4" box="[1309,1433,1228,1253]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" value="2012-12-15">15.xii2012</date>
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. Poço Verde Pond, Orobó, Pernambuco,
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<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FDFCFB2476BEE519" box="[611,682,1263,1288]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FD27FB3B772BE519" box="[696,831,1264,1288]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-7.7363057">7°44'10.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FCD7FB2477F3E519" box="[840,999,1263,1288]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-35.543278">35°32'35.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, UFPEPOR1403, 1404, coll. L. R. C. Lima,
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<date id="FF961059FFFF9914FF7FFADF754FE53C" box="[224,347,1300,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" value="2012-09-29">29.ix.2012</date>
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; UFPEPOR 1737, 1740, 1742, 1744, coll. U. Pinheiro,
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<date id="FF961059FFFF9914FC57FADF7056E53C" box="[968,1090,1300,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" value="2013-09-17">17.ix.2013</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFF9914FF58FAFC7189E541" box="[199,1437,1335,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58FAFC7189E541" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" box="[199,1437,1335,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF58FAFC755AE541" bold="true" box="[199,334,1335,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The epithet is related to the
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<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FD13FAF376A8E541" box="[652,700,1336,1360]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Caatinga Brazilian biome, where specimens were found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFF9914FF58FA9776B6E589" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58FA9776B6E589" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF58FA977555E564" bold="true" box="[199,321,1372,1397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFFF9914FED6FA9775A8E564" box="[329,444,1372,1397]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FED6FA9775A8E564" box="[329,444,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Ephydatia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species characterized by birotules as gemmuloscleres with strongly incised rotules and smooth or spined shaft, with secondary spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFF9914FF58FA6F7567E781" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58FA6F70A8E5AC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" box="[199,1212,1444,1469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF58FA6F7571E5AC" bold="true" box="[199,357,1444,1469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FF58FA6F7516E5AC" box="[199,258,1444,1469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FEF3FA6F75A7E5AC" box="[364,435,1444,1469]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Pernambuco, Orobó, Poço Verde Pond (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FCE1FA6F7011E5AD" box="[894,1029,1444,1468]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-7.7363057">7°44'10.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1C505EFFFF9914FB93FA6F70A4E5AC" box="[1036,1200,1444,1469]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" precision="1" value="-35.543278">35°32'35.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58FA0C7058E6CC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF58FA0C753AE5F1" box="[199,302,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
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<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FF58FA0C753AE5F1" box="[199,302,1479,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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UFPEPOR1733.
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<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FE68FA0C76E1E5F1" bold="true" box="[503,757,1479,1504]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">General morphology.</emphasis>
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Encrusting sponge with reticulated surface. Measuring
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<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFF9914FAF3FA037188E5F1" box="[1388,1436,1480,1504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
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in thickness and
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<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFF9914FEFDFA2775B4E615" box="[354,416,1516,1540]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="12.0">12cm</quantity>
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in diameter. Green colour (
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<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FD70FA277723E614" box="[751,823,1516,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,249,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[229,1363,249,1759]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov. Specimens in situ: (a) UFPEPOR 1733 (Holotype); (b) UFPEPOR 1736 (Paratype). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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a). Consistency of live sponge is fragile and brittle, paucispicular skeleton, spongin abundant. Spicules. Megascleres spined or smooth oxeas (267–302.2 –332/10– 14.4–17µm), slender and slightly curved (
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<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FDE8F9FF76A9E65D" box="[631,701,1588,1613]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,517,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov.: (a) megascleres; (b) gemmuloscleres; (c, d) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 100 µm; b— 10 µm; c— 100 µm; d— 50 µm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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a). Microscleres absent. Gemmuloscleres birotules (32–40–48/5- 7.1-8/15-21.3–25 µm), smooth or spined shaft, with secondary spines (spines ornamented by microspines). The rotules are strongly incised (
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<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FE47F9B77609E684" box="[472,541,1660,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,517,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov.: (a) megascleres; (b) gemmuloscleres; (c, d) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 100 µm; b— 10 µm; c— 100 µm; d— 50 µm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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b). Gemmules scattered, hemispherical, averaging 275-351-387µm in diameter. Gemmular theca tri-layered with well-developed pneumatic layer of irregular spongin chambers and gemmuloscleres are radially embedded in the outer and pneumatic layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FC47F90F700FE6CC" box="[984,1051,1732,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,517,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov.: (a) megascleres; (b) gemmuloscleres; (c, d) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 100 µm; b— 10 µm; c— 100 µm; d— 50 µm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242091/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c,d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF9914FF58F92C7567E781" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF58F92C76C9E711" bold="true" box="[199,733,1767,1792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Comparative material. General morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Encrusting sponge with
|
||
<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFF9914FC6BF9237030E711" box="[1012,1060,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="1.0">1cm</quantity>
|
||
thickness and averaging
|
||
<quantity id="4CD09B7CFFFF9914FADFF923716BE711" box="[1344,1407,1768,1792]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" unit="cm" value="20.0">20cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The colour is green when the sponges are exposed to sunlight and beige in sciaphilous habitats (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFFF9914FAA4F8C7716BE734" box="[1339,1407,1804,1829]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1782,1804]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,249,1757]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[229,1363,249,1759]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov. Specimens in situ: (a) UFPEPOR 1733 (Holotype); (b) UFPEPOR 1736 (Paratype). Scale bars: 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242090/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Spicules are of the same morphology as described in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5493883BFFFF9914FCBEF8E47793E759" box="[801,903,1839,1864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Megascleres (250–307.8 –362/9–13.9–18µm), Microscleres absent. Gemmuloscleres (32–43.8–55/5-7.5-10/15-22.5–26 µm). Gemmules averaging 262-343- 450µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFFF991BFF58F8577085E0C4" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="7" pageNumber="227" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFFF991BFF58F8577085E0C4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1119,2009]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFFF9914FF58F8577640E7A4" bold="true" box="[199,596,1948,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Distribution and ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is so far recorded from Pernambuco and Alagoas states of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFFF9914FF08F80B74C9E7C8" box="[151,221,1984,2009]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="227">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The region where this species was found is characterized by environments with low rainfall and a semi-arid climate. Specimens were collected on rocky substrate and tree trunks in shallow water. Gemmules were often abundant. Green specimens in symbiosis with algae were found living exposed to sunlight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF576611FFF0991BFF08F93D752AE73A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" targetBox="[229,1362,249,1757]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF0991BFF08F93D752AE73A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1782,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFF08F93D7500E71A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1782,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF0991BFE84F93D75FBE71D" box="[283,495,1782,1804]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFE84F93D75FBE71D" box="[283,495,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF0991BFE69F93C765CE71D" box="[502,584,1783,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFE69F93C7656E71D" bold="true" box="[502,578,1783,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Specimens
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFD5AF93C7710E71D" box="[709,772,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
: (a) UFPEPOR1733 (Holotype); (b) UFPEPOR1736 (Paratype). Scale bars: 1cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326512FFF09918FF58F88674EDE1C1" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF0991BFF58F88677D1E7E7" blockId="8.[151,1436,1869,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFF58F886752FE777" bold="true" box="[199,315,1869,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The cosmopolitan genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF0991BFDC1F88676C5E777" box="[606,721,1869,1894]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFDC1F88676C5E777" box="[606,721,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but it is also has scattered records from Southern Hemisphere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF0991BFCCFF8BA708BE798" author="Manconi" box="[848,1183,1905,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" refString="Manconi, R. & Pronzato, R. (2007) Gemmules as a key structure for the adaptive radiation of freshwater sponges: a morphofunctional and biogeographic study. In: Custodio, M. R., Hajdu, E., Lobo-Hadju, G., Muricy, G. (Eds.), Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Serie Livros 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 61 - 77." type="journal article" year="2007">Manconi and Pronzato 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This supposed wide distribution might be due to the existence of a species-complex suggested for widespread species. From the Neotropical Region there is only one record so far, viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF0991BFCB0F87270A0E7C3" authority="Weltner, 1895" authorityName="Weltner" authorityYear="1895" box="[815,1204,1977,2002]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF0991BFCB0F8727013E7C3" box="[815,1031,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">Ephydatia facunda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF0991BFB8CF87270A0E7C3" author="Weltner" box="[1043,1204,1977,2002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="228" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongillidenstudien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten Susswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61 (1), 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species has a supposed widespread distribution from the Caribbean to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF0991BFCE5F81677D6E7E7" box="[890,962,2013,2038]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="228">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF1991AFF58FF5C7022E10D" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF1991AFF58FF5C7613E0A1" author="Manconi" box="[199,519,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" refString="Manconi, R. & Pronzato, R. (2005) Freshwater sponges of the West Indies: Discovery of Spongillidae (Haplosclerida, Spongillina) from Cuba with biogeographic notes and a checklist for the Caribbean area. Journal of Natural History, 39 (36), 3235 - 3253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500307327" type="journal article" year="2005">Manconi & Pronzato (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF1991AFDE6FF5276E0E0A1" box="[633,756,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFDE6FF5276E0E0A1" box="[633,756,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">E. facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF1991AFCA5FF5C7761E0A1" box="[826,885,151,176]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
and expanded its distribution in South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF1991AFAAAFF5C718CE0A1" box="[1333,1432,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, previously only known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF1991AFD9CFF77765FE0C4" box="[515,587,188,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, the specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF1991AFC45FF777001E0C4" box="[986,1045,188,213]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
have remarkable morphological divergences compared to the Brazilian specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF1991AFD4CFF2B77C9E0E9" author="De" box="[723,989,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" refString="De Rosa-Barbosa, R. (1984) Reavaliacao da fauna espongologica continental do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, frente a novas coletas. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 64, 127 - 148." type="journal article" year="1984">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF1991AFD4CFF2B76E1E0E9" box="[723,757,224,248]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Rosa-Barbosa 1984
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF1991AFC77FF147133E0E9" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[1000,1319,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C., De Rosa-Barbosa, R. & Tavares, M. C. M. (1988) Anheteromeyenia sheilae sp. n. e outras esponjas dulciaquicolas da regiao costeira do Rio Grande do Sul. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 68, 83 - 98." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Volkmer-Ribeiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFB33FF2A70F1E0E9" box="[1196,1253,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Volkmer-
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF1991AFF08FECF75B3E10D" author="Ribeiro" box="[151,423,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. & Tavares, M. C. M. (1990) Nota cientifica: esponjas de agua doce do complexo lagunar Mundau- Manguaba e dos seus rios formadores; Alagoas, Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 70, 171 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Ribeiro & Tavares 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF1991AFE2DFECF7686E10D" author="Pinheiro" box="[434,658,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" refString="Pinheiro, U. S., Hajdu, E. & Correa, M. D. (2004) First description of gemmules of Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895 (Porifera, Haplosclerida, Spongillidae) by scanning electron microscopy, with underwater observations of a large population from north-eastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 38 (9), 1071 - 1080. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000064404" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Pinheiro
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFD87FECE7644E10C" box="[536,592,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF1991AFD02FECF703EE10D" author="Volkmer-Ribeiro" box="[669,1066,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" refString="Volkmer-Ribeiro, C. & Machado, V. S. (2007) Freshwater sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) indicators of some coastal habitats in South America: Redescriptions and key to identification. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 97 (2), 157 - 167. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212007000200005" type="journal article" year="2007">Volkmer-Ribeiro & Machado 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF1991AFF58FEEC74EBE1C1" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF1991AFF58FEEC7588E151" box="[199,412,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFF58FEEC7588E151" box="[199,412,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Ephydatia facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF1991AFE7DFEEC7609E151" box="[482,541,295,320]" name="Cuba" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
is characterized by having minute gemmules and gemmuloscleres smaller than those of the Brazilian specimens (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AA0322FFF1991AFD91FE877647E175" box="[526,595,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[151,239,544,567]" captionTargetBox="[159,1378,636,1592]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule micrometries of Ephydatia from the Neotropical Region." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" tableUuid="DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The main morphological divergence among descriptions of these disjunct populations concerns the remarkable differences of gemmulosclere shape with thin smooth shaft. In fact, notable differences between specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF1991AFD84FE5E7681E1BC" box="[539,661,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFD84FE5E7681E1BC" box="[539,661,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">E. facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their widespread distribution suggest the existence of a speciescomplex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF576611FFF1991AFF08F8F275AFE77F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242091/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" targetBox="[151,1436,517,1827]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF1991AFF08F8F275AFE77F" blockId="9.[151,1435,1849,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFF08F8F27507E75F" bold="true" box="[151,275,1849,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF1991AFE84F8F275FAE75E" box="[283,494,1849,1871]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFE84F8F275FAE75E" box="[283,494,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF1991AFE6AF8F27653E75E" box="[501,583,1849,1871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFE6AF8F2762BE75F" bold="true" box="[501,575,1849,1870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: (a) megascleres; (b) gemmuloscleres; (c,d) gemmules. Scale bars: a—100µm; b— 10µm; c—100µm; d—50µm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF19919FF58F8517075E174" blockId="9.[151,1436,1946,2007]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">
|
||
The specimens studied here exhibit morphological differences from the other South American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF1991AFAB6F8517188E7A2" box="[1321,1436,1946,1971]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFAB6F8517188E7A2" box="[1321,1436,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that justify the proposal of a new species. Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF1991AFC59F87570B0E7C6" box="[966,1188,1982,2007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="229" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF1991AFC59F87570B0E7C6" box="[966,1188,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="229">Ephydatia facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the closest species geographically, it presents a different morphology of the birotule gemmuloscleres.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FB14FF5C717CE0A1" box="[1163,1384,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FB14FF5C717CE0A1" box="[1163,1384,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has shallowly incised rotules with the spines on the shaft being simple and sharp, compared to the strongly incised rotules and composite spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FD9CFF1476F8E0E9" box="[515,748,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FD9CFF1476F8E0E9" box="[515,748,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FD6BFF14775BE0E9" bold="true" box="[756,847,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FD6BFF14775BE0E9" box="[756,847,223,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Additionally, in gemmules, the gemmuloscleres are more densely distributed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FE49FECF76B8E10C" box="[470,684,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FE49FECF76B8E10C" box="[470,684,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FC93FECF77E1E10D" box="[780,1013,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FC93FECF77E1E10D" box="[780,1013,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FC61FECF704EE10C" bold="true" box="[1022,1114,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FC61FECF704EE10C" box="[1022,1114,260,285]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A1CFFF29919FBF4FECF70A4E10C" box="[1131,1200,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1849,1871]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,517,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,517,1828]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ephydatia caatingae sp. nov.: (a) megascleres; (b) gemmuloscleres; (c, d) gemmules. Scale bars: a— 100 µm; b— 10 µm; c— 100 µm; d— 50 µm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242091/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
c,d). Despite the fact that fossil species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FEEEFEEC7755E151" authority="Pisera & Saez, 2003" authorityName="Pisera & Saez" authorityYear="2003" box="[369,833,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chileana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FEEEFEEC765AE151" box="[369,590,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia chileana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FDC8FEEC7755E151" author="Pisera" box="[599,833,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Pisera, A. & Saez, A. (2003) Paleoenvironmental significance of a new species of freshwater sponge from the Late Miocene Quillagua Formation (N Chile). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 15 (8), 847 - 852. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0895 - 9811 (03) 00012 - 9" type="journal article" year="2003">Pisera & Sáez, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shared incised rotules with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FB19FEEC7165E151" box="[1158,1393,295,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FB19FEEC7165E151" box="[1158,1393,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FAE5FEEC74DCE174" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FAE5FEEC74DCE174" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, its spines of the shaft are simple against the composite spines of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF29919FF58FEA47083E1E4" blockId="10.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FEE1FEA475E5E199" box="[382,497,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FEE1FEA475E5E199" box="[382,497,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF29919FC97FEA47779E199" box="[776,877,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FCE5FEBA70C0E199" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[890,1236,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FCE5FEBA7011E199" box="[890,1029,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FB7DFEBA74CEE1BD" authority="Potts, 1887" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FB7DFEBA715EE199" box="[1250,1354,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. millsii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FAC4FEBB74C7E1BD" author="Potts" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Potts, E. (1887) Contributions towards a synopsis of the American forms of freshwater sponges with descriptions of those named by other authors and form all parts of the world. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 39, 158 - 279." type="journal article" year="1887">Potts, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF79FE5E7621E1BC" authority="Lieberkuhn, 1855" authorityName="Lieberkuhn" authorityYear="1855" box="[230,565,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF79FE5E7541E1BC" box="[230,341,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. mulleri</emphasis>
|
||
(Lieberkühn, 1855)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FDDCFE5E775BE1BD" authority="Potts, 1887" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1887" box="[579,847,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FDDCFE5E76A1E1BC" box="[579,693,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FD5BFE5F7753E1BD" author="Potts" box="[708,839,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Potts, E. (1887) Contributions towards a synopsis of the American forms of freshwater sponges with descriptions of those named by other authors and form all parts of the world. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 39, 158 - 279." type="journal article" year="1887">Potts, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FC16FE5E708BE1BC" authority="Weltner, 1895" authorityName="Weltner" authorityYear="1895" box="[905,1183,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FC16FE5E77EDE1BC" box="[905,1017,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FC60FE5F708BE1BC" author="Weltner" box="[1023,1183,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongillidenstudien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten Susswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61 (1), 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among these species, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF4FFE727557E1C1" box="[208,323,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF4FFE727557E1C1" box="[208,323,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has spines on the shaft of birotules, thus being the closest species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FBD4FE7C7127E1C1" box="[1099,1331,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FBD4FE7C7127E1C1" box="[1099,1331,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FAA5FE7C7180E1C1" bold="true" box="[1338,1428,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FAA5FE7C7180E1C1" box="[1338,1428,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; however, the spines of the shaft are simple against the composite spines of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226" ID-Table-UUID="DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226" box="[151,966,543,567]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF576611FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" targetBox="[159,1378,636,1592]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF29919FF08FDEB77D2E226" blockId="10.[151,966,543,567]" box="[151,966,543,567]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF08FDEB751EE226" bold="true" box="[151,266,544,567]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule micrometries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FD88FDD47691E226" box="[535,645,543,567]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FD88FDD47691E226" box="[535,645,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Neotropical Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF29919FF00FD997095E6BD" blockId="10.[159,1100,594,616]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,1625,1708]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Species/ Specimens Locality Megasclere Gemmulosclere (*)Values are in µm and expressed as shortest length–mean length–longer length/thinner thickness–mean thickness–widest thickness. where appropriate; (1)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FE77F9BC7690E69C" author="Weltner" box="[488,644,1655,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Weltner, W. (1895) Spongillidenstudien III. Katalog und Verbreitung der bekannten Susswasserschwamme. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 61 (1), 114 - 144." type="journal article" year="1895">Weltner (1895)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (2)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FD2EF9BC7733E69C" author="Gee" box="[689,807,1655,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Gee, N. G. (1930) Notes on the freshwater sponges from the Dutch East Indies. II. Descriptions. Treubia, 12 (1), 67 - 114." type="journal article" year="1930">Gee (1930)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (3)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF29919FCCBF9B37766E69C" box="[852,882,1656,1677]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">De</collectingCountry>
|
||
Rosa-Barbosa (1979); (4)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FBE0F9B37160E69C" author="Penney" box="[1151,1396,1655,1677]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Penney, J. T. & Racek, A. A. (1968) Comprehensive revision of a worldwide collection of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 272, 1 - 184. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.272.1" type="journal article" year="1968">Penney & Racek (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (5)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FF08F95D757EE6BD" box="[151,362,1686,1708]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Pinheiro, U. S., Hajdu, E. & Correa, M. D. (2004) First description of gemmules of Ephydatia facunda Weltner, 1895 (Porifera, Haplosclerida, Spongillidae) by scanning electron microscopy, with underwater observations of a large population from north-eastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 38 (9), 1071 - 1080. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293031000064404" type="journal article">Pinheiro et al (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (6)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FE06F95D76ADE6BD" author="Manconi" box="[409,697,1686,1708]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Manconi, R. & Pronzato, R. (2005) Freshwater sponges of the West Indies: Discovery of Spongillidae (Haplosclerida, Spongillina) from Cuba with biogeographic notes and a checklist for the Caribbean area. Journal of Natural History, 39 (36), 3235 - 3253. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500307327" type="journal article" year="2005">Manconi & Pronzato (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (7)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FD77F95D77D6E6BD" author="Pisera" box="[744,962,1686,1708]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Pisera, A. & Saez, A. (2003) Paleoenvironmental significance of a new species of freshwater sponge from the Late Miocene Quillagua Formation (N Chile). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 15 (8), 847 - 852. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0895 - 9811 (03) 00012 - 9" type="journal article" year="2003">Pisera & Saez (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (8) Present Work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF29919FD20FDB77112E608" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<table id="F928C439FFF266ECFF00FDB77176E629" box="[159,1378,636,1592]" gridcols="4" gridrows="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FDB77176E283" box="[159,1378,636,658]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FDB77770E283" box="[454,868,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Oxea</th>
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FDB7708AE283" box="[940,1182,636,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Birotule</th>
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FDB77176E283" box="[1278,1378,636,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Gemmule</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FD6E7176E2CB" box="[159,1378,677,730]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FD6E7562E2CB" box="[159,374,677,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FD0E7518E2CB" box="[159,268,708,730]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FD0E7518E2CB" box="[159,268,708,730]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FD6E7770E2CB" box="[454,868,677,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (RS)1 250-300–360/ 8–10</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FD6E708AE2CB" box="[940,1182,677,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">36–44–52/4–5// 24–28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FD267176E333" box="[159,1378,749,802]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FD267562E333" box="[159,374,749,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FCC67518E333" box="[159,268,780,802]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FCC67518E333" box="[159,268,780,802]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FD267770E333" box="[454,868,749,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (RS) 2 323–374</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FD26708AE333" box="[940,1182,749,802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">34–50</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FCFE7176E37B" box="[159,1378,821,874]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FCFE7562E37B" box="[159,374,821,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FCFE7518E37B" box="[159,268,821,874]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FC9E7518E37B" box="[159,268,852,874]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">E. facunda</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FCFE7770E37B" box="[454,868,821,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (RS) 3 210–356–465/ 9–15–22</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FCFE708AE37B" box="[940,1182,821,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">48–58–99/7–10–14// 22–27–30</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FCB67176E3A5" box="[159,1378,893,948]" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FCB67562E3A5" box="[159,374,893,948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FCB57519E382" box="[159,269,893,915]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FCB57519E382" box="[159,269,893,915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FCB67770E3A5" box="[454,868,893,948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (RS); 250–370/9–12 Argentina 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FCB6708AE3A5" box="[940,1182,893,948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">35–45–52/4–5// 23–27</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FCB67176E3A5" box="[1278,1378,893,948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">410–480</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FC0C7176E3ED" box="[159,1378,967,1020]" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FC0C7562E3ED" box="[159,374,967,1020]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FC027518E3CC" box="[159,268,967,990]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="facunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FC027518E3CC" box="[159,268,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. facunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FC0C7770E3ED" box="[454,868,967,1020]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (AL) 5 262–318–470/ 7–12.3–18</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FC0C708AE3ED" box="[940,1182,967,1020]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">47–53–62/5–5.5–8// 17–23–27</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FC0C7176E3ED" box="[1278,1378,967,1020]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">388–442</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FBC47176E439" box="[159,1378,1039,1064]" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FBC47562E439" box="[159,374,1039,1064]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FBC47513E434" box="[159,263,1039,1061]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FBC47513E434" box="[159,263,1039,1061]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FBC47770E439" box="[454,868,1039,1064]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Cuba6 232–316/7–14</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FBC4708AE439" box="[940,1182,1039,1064]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">23–51/4–7//19–25</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FBC47176E439" box="[1278,1378,1039,1064]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">185–278</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FBF07176E440" box="[159,1378,1083,1105]" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FBF07562E440" box="[159,374,1083,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FBF07579E440" box="[159,365,1083,1105]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FBF07579E440" box="[159,365,1083,1105]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FBF07770E440" box="[454,868,1083,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">USA 210–400/6–19</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FBF0708AE440" box="[940,1182,1083,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">26–30//18–21</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FBF07176E440" box="[1278,1378,1083,1105]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">350–450</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FBAE7176E46A" box="[159,1378,1125,1147]" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FBAE7562E46A" box="[159,374,1125,1147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FBAE7542E46A" box="[159,342,1125,1147]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="subtilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FBAE7542E46A" box="[159,342,1125,1147]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FBAE7770E46A" box="[454,868,1125,1147]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">USA 158/2,6</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FBAE708AE46A" box="[940,1182,1125,1147]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">23/1,7//9,5</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FBAE7176E46A" box="[1278,1378,1125,1147]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">176</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FB457176E4B5" box="[159,1378,1166,1188]" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FB457562E4B5" box="[159,374,1166,1188]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FB45754EE4B5" box="[159,346,1166,1188]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FB45754EE4B5" box="[159,346,1166,1188]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FB457770E4B5" box="[454,868,1166,1188]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">USA, Mexico 230–330/12–17</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FB45708AE4B5" box="[940,1182,1166,1188]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">45–50/6–7//20–22</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FB457176E4B5" box="[1278,1378,1166,1188]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">360–400</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FB7C7176E4DC" box="[159,1378,1207,1229]" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FB7C7562E4DC" box="[159,374,1207,1229]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FB7C7558E4DC" box="[159,332,1207,1229]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FB7C7558E4DC" box="[159,332,1207,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia millsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FB7C7770E4DC" box="[454,868,1207,1229]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">USA 180–270/9–12</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FB7C708AE4DC" box="[940,1182,1207,1229]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">36–48//23–28</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FB7C7176E4DC" box="[1278,1378,1207,1229]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">300–360</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FB2A7176E4E6" box="[159,1378,1249,1271]" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FB2A7562E4E6" box="[159,374,1249,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FB2A7542E4E6" box="[159,342,1249,1271]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FB2A7542E4E6" box="[159,342,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia mulleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FB2A7770E4E6" box="[454,868,1249,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">USA, Europe, Asia 200–350/9–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FB2A708AE4E6" box="[940,1182,1249,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">12–20/4–6//20–25</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FB2A7176E4E6" box="[1278,1378,1249,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">350–450</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FAC17176E533" box="[159,1378,1290,1314]" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FAC17562E533" box="[159,374,1290,1314]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FAC17570E531" box="[159,356,1290,1312]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="chileana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FAC17570E531" box="[159,356,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia chileana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FAC17770E533" box="[454,868,1290,1314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Chile7 240–350</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FAC1708AE533" box="[940,1182,1290,1314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">39–45/5.5–7.2//24.8–27</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FAC17176E533" box="[1278,1378,1290,1314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">237–250</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FAFD7176E598" box="[159,1378,1334,1417]" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FAFD7562E598" box="[159,374,1334,1417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FAFC750BE55D" box="[159,287,1335,1356]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FAFC750BE55D" box="[159,287,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FEBAFAFD7562E55A" bold="true" box="[293,374,1334,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FEBAFAFD7562E55A" box="[293,374,1334,1355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype UFPEPOR 1733
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FAFD7770E598" box="[454,868,1334,1417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (PE) 8 267–302.3–332/ 10–14.4–18</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FAFD708AE598" box="[940,1182,1334,1417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">32–40.0–48/5–7.1–8// 15–21.3–25</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FAFD7176E598" box="[1278,1378,1334,1417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">275–387</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00FA577176E5E1" box="[159,1378,1436,1520]" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00FA577562E5E1" box="[159,374,1436,1520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00FA55750BE5A2" box="[159,287,1438,1459]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00FA55750BE5A2" box="[159,287,1438,1459]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FEBAFA567562E5A3" bold="true" box="[293,374,1437,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FEBAFA567562E5A3" box="[293,374,1437,1458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype UFPEPOR 1736
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59FA577770E5E1" box="[454,868,1436,1520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (PE) 8 257–300.9–322/ 9–13.0–16</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33FA57708AE5E1" box="[940,1182,1436,1520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">42–48.3–55/6–7.2–8// 19–22.9–26</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61FA577176E5E1" box="[1278,1378,1436,1520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">262–450</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351834DBFFF266ECFF00F9C87176E629" box="[159,1378,1539,1592]" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<th id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFF00F9C87562E629" box="[159,374,1539,1592]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FF00F9CF750BE608" box="[159,287,1540,1561]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caatingae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FF00F9CF750BE608" box="[159,287,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. caatingae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FEBAF9CF7562E608" bold="true" box="[293,374,1540,1561]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26F57F0FFF29919FEBAF9CF7562E608" box="[293,374,1540,1561]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
UFPEPOR 1402
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFE59F9C87770E629" box="[454,868,1539,1592]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Brazil (AL) 8 250–320.3–362/ 9–14.3–17</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFC33F9C8708AE629" box="[940,1182,1539,1592]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">32–43.1–54/6–8.1–10// 19–23.2–26</td>
|
||
<td id="76C95DA7FFF266ECFB61F9C87176E629" box="[1278,1378,1539,1592]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973699FFF29918FF58F91374EDE1C1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1752,2030]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FF58F913757AE6E0" author="Poirrier" box="[199,366,1752,1777]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Poirrier, M. A. (1974) Ecomorphic variation in gemmuloscleres of Ephydatia fluviatilis Linnaeus (Porifera: Spongillidae) with comments upon its systematics and ecology. Hydrobiologia, 44 (4), 337 - 347. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00036300" type="journal article" year="1974">Poirrier (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
experimented with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FDD1F9137726E6E0" box="[590,818,1752,1777]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FDD1F9137726E6E0" box="[590,818,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in different enviromental conditions and proposed that this species had a huge ecomorphic variation related to the prevailing habitat. At that time, he proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FAB7F935718FE704" box="[1320,1435,1788,1813]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FAB7F935718FE704" box="[1320,1435,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FED6F8EB763BE728" box="[329,559,1824,1849]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluviatilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FED6F8EB763BE728" box="[329,559,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">Ephydatia fluviatilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and suggested this species was truly cosmopolitan, drawing attention to the true geographic variation which is usually masked by the high adaptive ecomorphic variation exhibited in its spicules. On the other hand, this recommendation is not being followed, because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FBADF8A370CEE790" author="Poirrier" box="[1074,1242,1896,1921]" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="Poirrier, M. A. (1982) Porifera. In: Hulbert, S. H. & Villalobos-Figueroa, A, (Eds.), Aquatic biota of Mexico, Central America and West Indies. San Diego State University, San Diego (CA), pp. 59 - 61." type="book chapter" year="1982">Poirrier (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF29919FADCF8A27512E7B7" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" refString="van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Cristina Diaz, M. & Cardenas, P. (2015) World Porifera database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera (accessed 25 January 2015)" type="journal article">Soest et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF29919FE50F8457651E7B7" box="[463,581,1933,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Ephydatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="230" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF29919FE50F8457651E7B7" box="[463,581,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="230">E. robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid species. It is possible that some species may have an ecomorphic variation that makes it difficult to take a taxonomic decision. However, we can not generalize this feature for all freshwater sponge species that have alleged widespread distributions. Taxonomic works (revisions) and taxonomists of freshwater sponges are scarce, both of which are necessary to solve this problem. For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF39918FF08FF77755CE0C5" author="Pinheiro" box="[151,328,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="231" refString="Pinheiro, U. S. (2007) Contribuicoes a Taxonomia e Biogeografia das Esponjas de Aguas Continentais Brasileiras. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 220 pp." type="book" year="2007">Pinheiro (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
verified that only three species (6%) of freshwater sponges recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF39918FB04FF7770CBE0C4" box="[1179,1247,188,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="231">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
are not endemic to South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7609FFF39918FE96FF14757EE0E9" box="[265,362,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="231">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF39918FE1FFF147732E0E9" authority="Potts, 1882" authorityName="Potts" authorityYear="1882" box="[384,806,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Metaniidae" genus="Tubella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spongillida" pageId="11" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pennsylvanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF39918FE1FFF147695E0E9" box="[384,641,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="231">Tubella pennsylvanica</emphasis>
|
||
(Potts, 1882)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF39918FCA4FF2A70BAE0E9" authority="Leidy, 1851" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1851" box="[827,1198,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Eunapius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF39918FCA4FF2A7017E0E9" box="[827,1027,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="231">Eunapius fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B68FFF39918FB87FF1470B2E0E9" author="Leidy" box="[1048,1190,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="231" refString="Leidy, J. (1851) On Spongilla. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 278." type="journal article" year="1851">Leidy, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D1AFFF39918FB6DFF2A75E5E10D" authority="Dybowski, 1884" authorityName="Dybowski" authorityYear="1884" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongillidae" genus="Heteromeyenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="231" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stepanowii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA8BFFF39918FB6DFF2A7504E10D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="231">Heteromeyenia stepanowii</emphasis>
|
||
(Dybowski, 1884))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but all of these have few and simple spicules and have not been revised. This low number suggests that species identified as allegedly widespread might be directly related to the paucity of morphological distinctness of characters under study. There is still a difficulty in recognizing species complex and it is possible that certain species can lead to misinterpretation of alleged cosmopolitanism. New experimental works are necessary to find any real clear-cut distinction between ecomorphic variation and speciation in such sponges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |