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Family
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31BB0FE09FD8870D5" ID-CoL="7NFTC" authority="Rafinesque, 1815" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[245,595,402,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Actiniidae Rafinesque, 1815</taxonomicName>
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In the revisionary work by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31A81FE40FDAE708C" author="England, K. W." box="[452,629,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="205 - 292" refId="ref16235" refString="England, K. W. (1987) Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 53, 205 - 292." type="journal article" year="1987">
<collectingCountry id="F33F7601644DFFC31A81FE40FDFA708C" box="[452,545,475,501]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">England</collectingCountry>
(1987)
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, the clownfish-hosting species
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31894FE40FB00708C" baseAuthorityName="Leuckart in Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[977,1243,475,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Entacmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadricolor">Entacmaea quadricolor</taxonomicName>
was moved from family
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31BADFE64FE867360" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[232,349,511,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Actiniidae</taxonomicName>
to the
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31AEAFE64FDB17360" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[431,618,511,537]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stichodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Stichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of a
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of cnidae (microbasic amastigophores) in the column, tentacles, or both regions in members of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31856FDB8FC157344" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[787,974,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stichodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Stichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
but not in those of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31FE9FDB8FAFF7344" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1196,1316,547,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Actiniidae</taxonomicName>
. However, despite
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31BABFDDCFE6B7318" author="England, K. W." box="[238,432,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="205 - 292" refId="ref16235" refString="England, K. W. (1987) Certain Actiniaria (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the Red Sea and tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 53, 205 - 292." type="journal article" year="1987">Englands (1987)</bibRefCitation>
claims, this
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of cnidae is also present in the column and/or tentacles of other species within
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31BA1FDF0FE8273FC" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[228,345,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Actiniidae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31AD2FDF0FDF073FC" authorityName="Belem, Herrera Moreno &amp; Schlenz" authorityYear="1996" box="[407,555,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Isoaulactinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Isoaulactinia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC3197DFDF0FD4473FC" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1951" box="[568,671,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Phialoba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Phialoba</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31993FDF0FC6073FC" author="Barragan, Y. &amp; Sanchez, C. &amp; Hooker, Y. &amp; Rodriguez, E." box="[726,955,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="501 - 549" refId="ref15696" refString="Barragan, Y., Sanchez, C., Hooker, Y. &amp; Rodriguez, E. (2019) First inventory of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from La Paz Bay, Southern Gulf of California (Mexico). Zootaxa, 4559 (3), 501 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4559.3.4" type="journal article" year="2019">Barragán et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and thus this feature does not differentiate these families. This fact, together with recent molecular results that do not support a close relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31EC1FD14FEC673B4" baseAuthorityName="Leuckart in Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1828" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Entacmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadricolor">E. quadricolor</taxonomicName>
and members of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31A98FD28FD4373B4" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1883" box="[477,664,691,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stichodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Stichodactylidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC319E0FD28FC8573B4" author="Titus, B. M. &amp; Benedict, C. &amp; Laroche, R. &amp; Gusmao, L. C. &amp; Van Deusen, V. &amp; Chiodo, T. &amp; Meyer, C. P. &amp; Berumen, M. L. &amp; Bartholomew, A. &amp; Yanagi, K. &amp; Reimer, J. D. &amp; Fujii, T. &amp; Daly, M. &amp; Rodriguez, E." box="[677,862,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17881" refString="Titus, B. M., Benedict, C., Laroche, R., Gusmao, L. C., Van Deusen, V., Chiodo, T., Meyer, C. P., Berumen, M. L., Bartholomew, A., Yanagi, K., Reimer, J. D., Fujii, T., Daly, M. &amp; Rodriguez, E. (2019) Phylogenetic relationships among the clownfish-hosting sea anemones. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 139, 106526. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2019.106526" type="journal volume" year="2019">Titus et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
; Yap et al. 2021, 2023), we consider
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31FBDFD28FA4773B4" baseAuthorityName="Leuckart in Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[1272,1436,691,717]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Entacmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadricolor">E. quadricolor</taxonomicName>
within family
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until a comprehensive revision of the group is available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973691644DFFC31B82FD60FD027568" blockId="3.[151,1437,475,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The other fish-hosting taxon included within
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was the former
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC318A9FD60FB20726C" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1004,1275,763,789]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Macrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doorensis">Macrodactyla doorensis</taxonomicName>
, which
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31E10FD60FF397240" author="Fautin, D. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 449" refId="ref16402" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2016) Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa, 4145 (1), 1 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4145.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Fautin (2016)</bibRefCitation>
returned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31A9DFC84FBA27240" authority="Duchassaing de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[472,1145,799,825]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Condylactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
Condylactis
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31921FC84FBA27240" author="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G." box="[612,1145,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16135" refString="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P. &amp; Michelotti, G. (1864) Supplement au memoire sur les Coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, 112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105196" type="book" year="1864">Duchassaing de Fombressin &amp; Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
because the generic name
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31BD2FCD8FE0C7224" authority="Haddon, 1898" authorityName="Haddon" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,471,835,861]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Macrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Macrodactyla Haddon, 1898</taxonomicName>
had been claimed to be a junior homonym of a coleopteran genus and thus unavailable for use in sea anemones (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31AECFCFCFDE872F8" author="Fautin, D. G." box="[425,563,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 449" refId="ref16402" refString="Fautin, D. G. (2016) Catalog to families, genera, and species of orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa, 4145 (1), 1 - 449. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4145.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">Fautin 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC31979FCFCFD1E72F8" author="Neave S. A." box="[572,709,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17141" refString="Neave S. A. (1940) Nomenclator Zoologicus. Vol. III. Zoological Society of London, London, 1065 pp." type="book" year="1940">Neave 1940</bibRefCitation>
). However,
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<collectingRegion id="49ECF873644DFFC3180DFCFCFCAF72F8" box="[840,884,871,897]" country="Micronesia" name="Yap" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Yap</collectingRegion>
et al. (2023)
</bibRefCitation>
clarified that the name
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31E45FCFCFA4772F8" authorityName="Haddon" authorityYear="1898" box="[1280,1436,871,897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Macrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Macrodactyla</taxonomicName>
is not a junior homonym of a coleopteran genus and it can be retained as a genus name for sea anemones. In addition,
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<collectingRegion id="49ECF873644DFFC31BD2FC34FF1872B0" box="[151,195,943,969]" country="Micronesia" name="Yap" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Yap</collectingRegion>
et al. (2023)
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showed that former
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC3190DFC34FD0272B0" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[584,729,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Macrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doreensis">M. doreensis</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to the
<typeStatus id="54938833644DFFC31F64FC34FB8A72B0" box="[1057,1105,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31F91FC34FAAB72B0" authorityName="Haddon" authorityYear="1898" box="[1236,1392,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Macrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Macrodactyla</taxonomicName>
but nested within other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31AA2FC48FD877295" authorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1851" box="[487,604,979,1004]" class="Anthozoa" family="Stichodactylidae" genus="Heteractis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heteractis</taxonomicName>
and created a new combination name for this species,
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31FF2FC48FE6F7568" authority="(Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Quoy &amp; Gaimard" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Anthozoa" family="Stichodactylidae" genus="Heteractis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="doreensis">Heteractis doreensis (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1883)</taxonomicName>
, based on molecular data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332651A644DFFC31BD2FBF8FCB275BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8B973691644DFFC31BD2FBF8FE917504" blockId="3.[151,330,1123,1149]" box="[151,330,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0DF81FD644DFFC31BD2FBF8FE917504" bold="true" box="[151,330,1123,1149]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">Included Taxa</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B973691644DFFC31BD2FB30FCB275BC" blockId="3.[151,873,1195,1221]" box="[151,873,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C284D12644DFFC31BD2FB30FE7975BC" baseAuthorityName="Leuckart in Ruppell &amp; Leuckart" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[151,418,1195,1221]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Entacmaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadricolor">Entacmaea quadricolor</taxonomicName>
(Leuckart in
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B60644DFFC3197FFB30FCBA75BC" author="Ruppell, E. &amp; Leuckart, F. S." box="[570,865,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17510" refString="Ruppell, E. &amp; Leuckart, F. S. (1828) Atlas zu der Reise im Nordlichen Afrika von Eduard Ru ¨ ppell, Neue Wirbellose Thiere des Rothen Meers. Heinr. Ludw. Brvnner, Frankfurt am Main, 47 pp." type="book" year="1828">Ruppell &amp; Leuckart, 1828</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>