505 lines
62 KiB
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505 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="20F2787D2E5CEB1C7E62135727661188">A taxonomic revision of the genus Apostichopus (Holothuroidea: Stichopodidae) from Japan</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6017884" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137307907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6017884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="127" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046D8BFCF1CC02FC28" authority="(Selenka, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,618,871,898]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFCF1CFCCFC2B" bold="true" box="[151,420,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046CA8FCFECC0AFC28" author="Selenka" box="[436,610,872,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 291 - 372. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFC1CCE91FC09" blockId="2.[151,618,871,931]" box="[151,249,906,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<figureCitation id="13132A16FFB817046D8BFC1CCE91FC09" box="[151,249,906,931]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,970,992]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1360,1443,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetBox-3="[226,1360,193,949]" captionTargetBox-4="[340,1247,1073,1923]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[226,1360,1443,1913]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[226,1360,193,949]" captionTargetId-4="figure@5.[340,1247,1073,1923]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Syntype of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), MCZ HOL – 741." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Spicules from the dorsal body wall of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867). A, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 E; B, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; C, reduced tables with spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; D, reduced tables with spinuous disk and 3 – 4 perforations, NSMT – E 7047 A; E, reduced tables with smooth disk, NSMT – E 7047 E." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Spicules from the tentacles of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 A. A, large curved rods with spinelets on surface; B, small curved rods with spinelets on surface." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Spicules from the tube feet of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 A. A – B, multiperforated plates." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1051500/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1051502/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/1051506/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/1051508/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFC44CDC1FC42" blockId="2.[151,1435,978,1184]" box="[151,937,978,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFC44CF3FFC42" box="[151,343,978,1000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Holothuria armata</emphasis>
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: 330
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, pl. XVIII, fig. 66;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046FFBFC45CDCDFC42" author="Lampert" box="[743,933,978,1000]" page="91" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046FFBFC45CD17FC42" author="Lampert" box="[743,895,978,1000]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Lampert, K. (1885) Die Seewalzen, Holothurioidea, eine systematische Monographie mit Bestimmungs- und Verbreitungstabellen. In: Semper, C. (Ed.), Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Zweiter Theil, Wissenschaftliche Resultate 4 (3). CW Kreidel, Wiesbaden, pp. 151 - 312. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1885">Lampert, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 91
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFC67CCFBFBAD" blockId="2.[151,1435,978,1184]" box="[151,659,1009,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046D8BFC67CFB4FBAD" authority="(Holothuria)" authorityName=": Mitsukuri" authorityYear="1896" baseAuthorityName="Holothuria" box="[151,476,1009,1031]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFC67CF3AFBAD" box="[151,338,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Stichopus armatus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046C7CFC67CFB9FBAD" box="[352,465,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Holothuria</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046CFBFC67CCFBFBAD" author="Theel" box="[487,659,1009,1031]" page="196" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046CFBFC67CC0BFBAD" author="Theel" box="[487,611,1009,1031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Reports on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenver during the years 1873 - 76. Part 2. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyages of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 39, 160 - 162." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 196
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</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFB86CDC9FB8C" blockId="2.[151,1435,978,1184]" box="[151,929,1040,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3811BDFFB817046D8BFB86CDC9FB8C" box="[151,929,1040,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046D8BFB86CCA8FB8C" authority=": Mitsukuri, 1896: 408" authorityName=": Mitsukuri" authorityPageNumber="408" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,704,1040,1062]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus" subGenus="Holothuria">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFB86CE91FB8C" box="[151,249,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Stichopus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046C1BFB86CF10FB8C" box="[263,376,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Holothuria</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046C9AFB87CFB1FB8C" box="[390,473,1041,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">armatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046CFBFB86CCA8FB8C" author="Mitsukuri" box="[487,704,1040,1062]" page="408" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046CFBFB86CCE5FB8C" author="Mitsukuri" box="[487,653,1040,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Mitsukuri, K. (1896) A list of holothurians known to occur in Japan. Zoological Magazine, 8, 405 - 413. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1896">Mitsukuri, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 408
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046FD7FB86CDC9FB8C" author="Mitsukuri" box="[715,929,1040,1062]" page="164" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046FD7FB86CD1AFB8C" author="Mitsukuri" box="[715,882,1040,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Mitsukuri, K. (1912) Studies on actinopodous Holothurioidea. Journal College Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 29 (2), 163. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 37880" type="journal article" year="1912">Mitsukuri, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 164
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFBB8CD46FBEE" blockId="2.[151,1435,978,1184]" box="[151,814,1070,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3811BDFFB817046D8BFBB8CD46FBEE" box="[151,814,1070,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046D8BFBB8CCE7FBEE" authority="Theel, 1886: 161" authorityName="Theel" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,655,1070,1093]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Stichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="japonicus" variety="typicus">
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFBB8CF09FBEF" box="[151,353,1070,1093]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Stichopus japonicus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046C8FFBA6CFB3FBEF" box="[403,475,1072,1093]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">typicus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046CFDFBB8CCE7FBEE" author="Theel" box="[481,655,1070,1092]" page="161" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="1886">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046CFDFBB8CC35FBEE" author="Theel" box="[481,605,1070,1092]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Reports on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenver during the years 1873 - 76. Part 2. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyages of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 39, 160 - 162." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 161
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. VIII, fig. 2.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFBDBCDF9FBC9" blockId="2.[151,1435,978,1184]" box="[151,913,1101,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3811BDFFB817046D8BFBDBCDF9FBC9" box="[151,913,1101,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046D8BFBDBCC5FFBC9" authority=": Liao, 1980: 116" authorityName=": Liao" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,567,1101,1123]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFBDBCFE0FBC9" box="[151,392,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Apostichopus japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046C89FBDBCC5FFBC9" author="Liao" box="[405,567,1101,1123]" page="116" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="1980">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046C89FBDBCC6EFBC9" author="Liao" box="[405,518,1101,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Liao, Y. (1980) The aspidochirote holothurians of China with erection of a new genus. In: Jangoux, M. (Ed.), Echinoderms - Present and Past. Proceedings of the European Colloquium on Echinoderms. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, pp. 115 - 117." type="proceedings paper" year="1980">Liao, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 116
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 1;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046F99FBDBCD31FBC9" author="Sun" box="[645,857,1101,1123]" page="280" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046F99FBDBCD41FBC9" author="Sun" box="[645,809,1101,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Sun, X., Li, Q. & Kong, L. (2010) Comparative mitochondrial genomics within sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus): provide new insights into relationships among color variants. Aquaculture, 309, 280 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. aquaculture. 2010.08.001" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Sun
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046FAFFBD8CCB7FBC9" box="[691,735,1101,1123]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 280
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–285.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFBFACCB0FB0A" blockId="2.[151,1435,978,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3811BDFFB817046D8BFBFACCB0FB0A" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046D8BFBFACF07FB28" authorityName="in Kuramochi and Naganuma" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,367,1132,1154]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFBFACF07FB28" box="[151,367,1132,1154]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Apostichopus armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A891082FFB817046CADFBFACD73FB28" author="Kuramochi" box="[433,795,1132,1154]" page="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046CADFBFACC9EFB28" author="Kuramochi" box="[433,758,1132,1154]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Kuramochi, T. & Naganuma, T. (2010) Reclassification of the Apostichopus holothurians from Sagami Bay, central Japan. Biosphere Science, 49, 49 - 54. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Kuramochi & Naganuma, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 50
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 1[2a, 2b]–3 [the ossicles in figs 2 and 3 were erroneously given under the name ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046CACFB1DCC47FB0A" authorityName=": Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[432,559,1163,1184]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046CACFB1DCC47FB0A" box="[432,559,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">A. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ on the figures].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326518FFB817046D8BFB5BCA4DF877" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BFB5BCDC4FB4F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1229,1398]" box="[151,940,1229,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B403CCEFFB817046D8BFB5BCDC4FB4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783977" box="[151,940,1229,1254]" collectionCode="MCZ, HOL" country="Japan" location="Hakodate" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BFB5BCFD7FB4C" bold="true" box="[151,447,1229,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54938831FFB817046D8BFB5BCEBAFB4C" box="[151,210,1229,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54938831FFB817046CD9FB58CC49FB4C" box="[453,545,1230,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB817046F34FB58CC0DFB4C" box="[552,613,1230,1254]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB817046F70FB58CCC0FB4C" box="[620,680,1230,1254]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">HOL</collectionCode>
|
||
–741,
|
||
<location id="8EF76048FFB817046FF0FB5BCD32FB4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22:8EF76048FFB817046FF0FB5BCD32FB4C" box="[748,858,1229,1254]" country="Japan" name="Hakodate" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Hakodate</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFB817046E79FB58CDC0FB4F" box="[869,936,1230,1253]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046DDBFB67CF83FADC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1229,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B403CCEFFB817046DDBFB67CAA4FAA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783972" box="[199,1228,1265,1290]" collectingDate="2011-04-21" collectionCode="NSMT" location="Tateyama Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046DDBFB67CC2EFAA0" bold="true" box="[199,582,1265,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Additional materials examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB817046F4DFB67CCC9FAA0" box="[593,673,1265,1290]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
–E7045A,
|
||
<location id="8EF76048FFB817046E00FB64CDAAFAA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22:8EF76048FFB817046E00FB64CDAAFAA0" box="[796,962,1266,1290]" name="Tateyama Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Chiba">Tateyama Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFB817046ECDFB67CA7FFAA0" box="[977,1047,1265,1290]" country="Japan" name="Chiba" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Chiba</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF961053FFB81704693AFB64CAA4FAA0" box="[1062,1228,1265,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-04-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD2E9BBFFB81704693AFB64CAA4FAA0" box="[1062,1228,1265,1290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-04-21">21 April 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B403CCEFFB8170469C0FB64CC9BFA87" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783967" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="Y. Tamura" location="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB8170469C0FB64CB43FAA0" box="[1244,1323,1266,1290]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
–E7047A,
|
||
<location id="8EF76048FFB817046D8BFA83CF26FA84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22:8EF76048FFB817046D8BFA83CF26FA84" box="[151,334,1301,1326]" name="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Aburatsubo Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFB817046C46FA80CFBBFA84" box="[346,467,1302,1326]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF961053FFB817046CC2FA80CC19FA84" box="[478,625,1301,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD2E9BBFFB817046CC2FA80CC19FA84" box="[478,625,1301,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">10 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DD5345FFB817046F60FA80CC9BFA87" box="[636,755,1302,1325]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Y. Tamura</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B403CCEFFB817046FE2FA80CF78FAFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783976" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="Y. Tamura" location="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB817046FE2FA80CD24FA84" box="[766,844,1302,1326]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
–E7047F,
|
||
<location id="8EF76048FFB817046EA2FA83CA1EFA84" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22:8EF76048FFB817046EA2FA83CA1EFA84" box="[958,1142,1301,1326]" name="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Aburatsubo Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFB81704699DFA80CA92FA84" box="[1153,1274,1302,1326]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF961053FFB817046819FA80CBFFFA84" box="[1285,1431,1301,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD2E9BBFFB817046819FA80CBFFFA84" box="[1285,1431,1301,1326]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">10 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DD5345FFB817046D8BFAACCF78FAFB" box="[151,272,1338,1361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Y. Tamura</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B403CCEFFB817046C00FAACCA20FAFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783971" box="[284,1096,1337,1362]" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="Y. Tamura" location="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB817046C00FAACCF04FAF8" box="[284,364,1338,1362]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
–E7047C,
|
||
<location id="8EF76048FFB817046CFFFAAFCCF4FAF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22:8EF76048FFB817046CFFFAAFCCF4FAF8" box="[483,668,1337,1362]" name="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Aburatsubo Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFB817046FB4FAACCD49FAF8" box="[680,801,1338,1362]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF961053FFB817046E32FAACCDABFAF8" box="[814,963,1337,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD2E9BBFFB817046E32FAACCDABFAF8" box="[814,963,1337,1362]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">10 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DD5345FFB817046ED3FAACCA20FAFB" box="[975,1096,1338,1361]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Y. Tamura</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B403CCEFFB817046948FAACCF83FADC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1700783969" collectingDate="2011-07-10" collectionCode="NSMT" location="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED39AE56FFB817046948FAACCACBFAF8" box="[1108,1187,1338,1362]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
–E7047E,
|
||
<location id="8EF76048FFB817046806FAAFCEADFADC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03818785FFB817006D8BFCF1CF63FE22:8EF76048FFB817046806FAAFCEADFADC" name="Aburatsubo Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Kanagawa">Aburatsubo Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFB817046DCCFAC8CF21FADC" box="[208,329,1374,1398]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Kanagawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF961053FFB817046C48FAC8CF80FADC" box="[340,488,1373,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD2E9BBFFB817046C48FAC8CF80FADC" box="[340,488,1373,1398]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" value="2011-07-10">10 July 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF57661BFFB817046D8BF811CDA6F837" box="[151,974,1927,1950]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" targetBox="[226,1360,1443,1913]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046D8BF811CDA6F837" blockId="2.[151,974,1927,1950]" box="[151,974,1927,1950]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046D8BF811CF7BF836" bold="true" box="[151,275,1927,1949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB817046C91F811CD70F837" authority="(Selenka, 1867)" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[397,792,1927,1950]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046C91F811CC07F834" box="[397,623,1927,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Selenka, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MCZ HOL–741.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB817046DDBF852CA4DF877" blockId="2.[199,1061,1988,2013]" box="[199,1061,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB817046DDBF852CF0DF877" bold="true" box="[199,357,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123">Type locality.</emphasis>
|
||
Hakodate [misspelled as Hakodadi by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFB817046E00F852CDA3F877" author="Selenka" box="[796,971,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="123" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 291 - 372. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka (1867)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], Japan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326518FFB917026DDBFF01CFB5F9F7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB917056DDBFF01CE94FE07" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB917056DDBFF01CF31FF1A" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Twenty peltate tentacles. Two rows of dorsal papillae, each arranged alternately in zig-zag pattern along dorso-lateral radius. Single row of conical papillae along each ventro-lateral radius. Numerous, loosely arranged, small papillae scattered on dorsal and lateral body. Ventral side flattened. Tube feet arranged in 5–6 rows in central ambulacral area, 4–5 rows in both lateral ambulacral areas. Interambulacra narrow. Oral opening subventral, surrounded by ring of small papillae. Dorsal and ventral body surfaces uniformly light green to yellowish in alcohol. Gonads in two tufts; one on each side of dorsal mesentery. Free-hanging tentacular ampullae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD09B76FFB917056D8BFEE6CEB8FE22" box="[151,208,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" unit="in" value="20.0">20 in</quantity>
|
||
number. Polian vesicle single, in various shapes and forms. Intestine connected to dorsal mesentery with rete mirabile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF57661BFFB917056D8BF8C7CF2AF869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051502/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" targetBox="[151,1436,481,1852]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFB917056D8BF8C7CF2AF869" blockId="3.[151,1436,1873,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB917056D8BF8C7CF7BF8CC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1873,1895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules from the dorsal body wall of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFB917056FBFF8C7CA58F8CD" authority="(Selenka, 1867)" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[675,1072,1873,1895]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="124" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFB917056FBFF8C7CDEDF8CD" box="[675,901,1873,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="124">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Selenka, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT–E7047E; B, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT–E7047A; C, reduced tables with spinuous disk, NSMT– E7047A; D, reduced tables with spinuous disk and 3–4 perforations, NSMT–E7047A; E, reduced tables with smooth disk, NSMT–E7047E.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF57661BFFBE17026D8BFBF7CEA8FB1E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBE17026D8BFBF7CEA8FB1E" blockId="4.[151,1436,1121,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026D8BFBF7CF7AFBDC" bold="true" box="[151,274,1121,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules from the papillae tips of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBE17026F71FBF7CD9FFBDD" authority="(Selenka, 1867)" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[621,1015,1121,1143]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026F71FBF7CD27FBDD" box="[621,847,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Selenka, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT–E7047C. A, reduced table; B–C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E–F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBE17026DDBFB4ACFB5F9F7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1244,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Dorsal body wall with tables. Disk of tables rounded to oval in shape with 2–16 irregular perforations; rim of disk spinous or smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026CAAFA96CC5BFAB2" box="[438,563,1280,1305]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicules from the dorsal body wall of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867). A, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 E; B, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; C, reduced tables with spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; D, reduced tables with spinuous disk and 3 – 4 perforations, NSMT – E 7047 A; E, reduced tables with smooth disk, NSMT – E 7047 E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pillar of reduced tables entirely absent or forming only a knob (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026828FA96CBE7FAB2" box="[1332,1423,1280,1305]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicules from the dorsal body wall of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867). A, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 E; B, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; C, reduced tables with spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; D, reduced tables with spinuous disk and 3 – 4 perforations, NSMT – E 7047 A; E, reduced tables with smooth disk, NSMT – E 7047 E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tables usually having four pillars; tip of each pillar often branched into multiple spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE170269D4FAB2CB40FA97" box="[1224,1320,1316,1341]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1873,1895]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,481,1852]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Spicules from the dorsal body wall of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867). A, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 E; B, tables with pillars and spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; C, reduced tables with spinuous disk, NSMT – E 7047 A; D, reduced tables with spinuous disk and 3 – 4 perforations, NSMT – E 7047 A; E, reduced tables with smooth disk, NSMT – E 7047 E." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051502/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Papillae containing multiperforated plates, tables, rods and elongated buttons. Multiperforated plates in papillae with numerous irregular perforations; rim uneven (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026F86FAFACD78FA2F" box="[666,784,1388,1413]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tables in papillae similar to those in dorsal body; pillars absent or forming knobs; rim spinous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026F4EFA06CCC5FA02" box="[594,685,1424,1449]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); mostly four pillars present, each having single spine on tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026873FA06CEB4FA67" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elongated buttons in papillae having two parallel longitudinal rows, each with 7–13 perforations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE1702682AFA22CBE7FA67" box="[1334,1423,1460,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rods in papillae variable in shape from straight to curved; surface of curved rods smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE170269AAFA4ECB7AFA5A" box="[1206,1298,1496,1521]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
), surface of straight rods spinous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026C84FA6ACF9AF9BF" box="[408,498,1532,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1121,1143]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1360,193,1100]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules from the papillae tips of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 C. A, reduced table; B – C, tables with pillars; D, elongated buttons; E – F, multiperforated plates; G, curved rods with smooth surfaces; H, straight, spiny rod." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles containing rods; curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026EBEFA6ACA49F9BF" box="[930,1057,1532,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,949]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1360,193,949]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Spicules from the tentacles of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 A. A, large curved rods with spinelets on surface; B, small curved rods with spinelets on surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051506/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
); surface covered with spinelets. Tube feet containing multiperforated plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026F92F9B6CD63F993" box="[654,779,1568,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1073,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1247,1073,1923]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spicules from the tube feet of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), NSMT – E 7047 A. A – B, multiperforated plates." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051508/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 5A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cloacal wall containing oval to rounded complex plates; surface very spinous surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326518FFBE17026DDBF9FECB51F90F" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBE17026DDBF9FECB51F90F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1244,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026DDBF9FECF08F92B" bold="true" box="[199,352,1640,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Shallow temperate waters in the coasts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFBE17026E22F9FECDEBF92B" box="[830,899,1640,1665]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFBE17026E93F9FFCDBAF92A" box="[911,978,1641,1664]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFBE17026EC0F9FFCA48F92A" box="[988,1056,1641,1664]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFBE1702694BF9FECACDF92B" box="[1111,1189,1640,1665]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Northern distribution limit at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFBE17026DF2F91ACF38F90F" box="[238,336,1676,1701]" country="Russia" name="Sakhalin" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Sakhalin</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFBE17026CB5F91ACF9CF90F" box="[425,500,1676,1701]" name="Russia" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Southern limit in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ECF871FFBE17026E04F91ACA78F90F" box="[792,1040,1676,1701]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Kagoshima prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33F7603FFBE17026928F91BCA1CF90E" box="[1076,1140,1677,1700]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBE170269B3F91ACB45F90F" author="Zhao" box="[1199,1325,1676,1701]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" refString="Zhao, H. (2015) Taxonomy and identification: distribution. In: Yang, H., Hamel, F. & Mercier, A. (Eds.), The Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: History, Biology and Aquaculture. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 39, pp. 46 - 49." type="journal article" year="2015">Zhao 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326518FFBE17026DDBF926CB68F86E" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBE17026DDBF926CB68F86E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1244,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026DDBF926CF53F963" bold="true" box="[199,315,1712,1737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Reduced tables are the dominant spicules in the dorsal body wall of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026922F927CAA9F962" box="[1086,1217,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBE17026922F927CAD5F962" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1086,1213,1713,1736]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">A. armatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
They are similar to the spicules found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54938831FFBE17026CADF943CF89F947" box="[433,481,1749,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBE17026F76F943CCB6F946" authorityName="in Kuramochi and Naganuma" authorityYear="2010" box="[618,734,1749,1772]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026F76F943CCB6F946" box="[618,734,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">H. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBE17026E52F942CD90F947" author="Selenka" box="[846,1016,1748,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 291 - 372. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka (1867)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described as “Spärlich durchlöcherte plättchen” [sic] or sparsely perforated plates which he compared to the spicules found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBE17026994F96ECFAEF89F" authority="(Pourtales, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Pourtales" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="floridana" subGenus="Halodeima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026994F96ECB6DF8BB" box="[1160,1285,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Holothuria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE1702680AF96ECBFAF8BB" box="[1302,1426,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Halodeima</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026D8BF88ACF68F89F" box="[151,256,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">floridana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBE17026C11F88ACFD5F89F" author="Pourtales" box="[269,445,1820,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" refString="Pourtales, L. F. (1851) On the Holothuriae of the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fifth Meeting, Washington, 1858, 8 - 16." type="journal article" year="1851">Pourtalès, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBE17026CC8F88ACCA0F89F" author="Selenka" box="[468,712,1820,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 291 - 372. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka 1867: fig. 49</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBE17026E51F88ACD9FF89F" author="Selenka" box="[845,1015,1820,1845]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" refString="Selenka, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 17, 291 - 372. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1867">Selenka (1867)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include the details of both the rims in the platelet spicules, and figures for the spicules from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54938831FFBE17026E9AF8D7CDDEF8F3" box="[902,950,1857,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material. It is unfortunate that we are also unable to determine the spicules from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54938831FFBE17026F8EF8F3CCAAF8D7" box="[658,706,1893,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material in this study because they appeared to be absent or completely dissolved. Incidentally, Selenka’s (1867)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBE17026FFAF81FCD31F80A" authorityName="in Kuramochi and Naganuma" authorityYear="2010" box="[742,857,1929,1952]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026FFAF81FCD31F80A" box="[742,857,1929,1952]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">H. armata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “schwarz” (black) coloured, which is clearly still visible upon examining the specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13132A16FFBE17026F5BF83ACCE0F86F" box="[583,648,1964,1989]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1927,1949]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,1443,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1360,1443,1913]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Syntype of Apostichopus armatus (Selenka, 1867), MCZ HOL – 741." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), which now forms part of the diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBE17026962F83BCA91F86E" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1150,1273,1965,1988]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="125" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBE17026962F83BCA91F86E" box="[1150,1273,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="125">A. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF57661BFFBF17036D8BFC5CCD2EFC55" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051506/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" targetBox="[226,1360,193,949]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBF17036D8BFC5CCD2EFC55" blockId="5.[151,1436,970,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBF17036D8BFC5CCF7BFC75" bold="true" box="[151,275,970,992]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules from the tentacles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBF17036F52FC5CCDB1FC4A" authority="(Selenka, 1867)" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[590,985,970,992]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBF17036F52FC5CCD58FC4A" box="[590,816,970,992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Selenka, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT–E7047A. A, large curved rods with spinelets on surface; B, small curved rods with spinelets on surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF57661BFFBF17036D8BF80FCEB1F867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1051508/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" targetBox="[340,1247,1073,1923]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBF17036D8BF80FCEB1F867" blockId="5.[151,1435,1945,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBF17036D8BF80FCF7EF804" bold="true" box="[151,278,1945,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules from the tube feet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBF17036F79F80FCD91F805" authority="(Selenka, 1867)" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[613,1017,1945,1967]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="126" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBF17036F79F80FCD22F805" box="[613,842,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="126">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Selenka, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT–E7047A. A–B, multiperforated plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3326518FFBC17006DDBFF01CF63FE22" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B973693FFBC17006DDBFF01CF63FE22" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006DDBFF01CFABFF1A" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[199,451,151,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006DDBFF01CFABFF1A" box="[199,451,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Apostichopus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006FE1FF0ECDE3FF1A" authorityName=": Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[765,907,152,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006FE1FF0ECDE3FF1A" box="[765,907,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">A. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of reduced table spicules with spinous rim in
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006C21FF2ACFB8FF7E" box="[317,464,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006C21FF2ACFA5FF7E" authorityName=": Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[317,461,188,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">A. japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Similar spinous reduced table spicules are also clearly illustrated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC170069D7FF2BCB11FF7E" box="[1227,1401,189,212]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="japonicus" variety="typicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC170069D7FF2BCA9EFF7E" box="[1227,1270,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">S. j.</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006836FF2BCB11FF7E" box="[1322,1401,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">typicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBC17006D8BFF49CFD0FF52" author="Theel" box="[151,440,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" refString="Theel, H. (1886) Reports on the Holothurioidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenver during the years 1873 - 76. Part 2. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyages of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 39, 160 - 162." type="journal article" year="1886">Théel (1886: pl. 8, fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006CD9FF76CD2EFF52" authority="in Liao (1980: fig. 1)" authorityName="in Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[453,838,223,248]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006CD9FF76CC27FF52" box="[453,591,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">S. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBC17006F68FF49CD2EFF52" author="Liao" box="[628,838,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" refString="Liao, Y. (1980) The aspidochirote holothurians of China with erection of a new genus. In: Jangoux, M. (Ed.), Echinoderms - Present and Past. Proceedings of the European Colloquium on Echinoderms. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, pp. 115 - 117." type="proceedings paper" year="1980">Liao (1980: fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006E99FF76CEB6FEB6" authority="in Kuramochi and Naganuma (2010: fig. 2)" authorityName="in Kuramochi and Naganuma" authorityYear="2010" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006E99FF76CD9EFF52" box="[901,1014,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">A. armata</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB94B62FFBC17006907FF49CEB6FEB6" author="Kuramochi" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" refString="Kuramochi, T. & Naganuma, T. (2010) Reclassification of the Apostichopus holothurians from Sagami Bay, central Japan. Biosphere Science, 49, 49 - 54. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2010">Kuramochi and Naganuma (2010: fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which all represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006CC8FE92CC27FEB6" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[468,591,260,284]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006CC8FE92CC27FEB6" box="[468,591,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">A. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although some reduced tables with smooth rim (similar to those found in the dorsal body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006C76FEBECF9EFEEA" authorityName="in Liao" authorityYear="1980" box="[362,502,296,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006C76FEBECF9EFEEA" box="[362,502,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">A. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006FC5FEBECD3CFEEA" baseAuthorityName="Selenka" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[729,852,296,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006FC5FEBECD3CFEEA" box="[729,852,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">A. armatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are only present in small amount compared to the dominant number of spinous ones. Spicules from the papillae, tentacles and tube feet are similar to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95CEA81FFBC17006898FEDACF63FE22" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C284D10FFBC17006898FEDACF60FE22" authorityName="in Liao" authorityYear="1980" class="Holothuroidea" family="Stichopodidae" genus="Apostichopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">A. japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |