289 lines
39 KiB
XML
289 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="CC56ABB9847B41A243066A65E6FB782C" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2017.1324050" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5181888" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628698566541" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schmitter-Soto, Juan J." docDate="2017" docId="03806F39C94DFFFBFE59FDD5D0A7FA21" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.51.23-24.1331-1424.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 51 (21 - 24)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1324050" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astyanax altior Hubbs 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1358" masterDocId="FFB91741C957FFE7FFBEFFB5D316FFA7" masterDocTitle="A revision of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America, with the description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="1424" masterPageNumber="1331" pageNumber="1356" updateTime="1699050015946" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B6EA3DC3380FCE4C3863C57460F1F62C">A revision of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America, with the description of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7463B9F7344A2ED2AF73AD74DE9D1D5F">Schmitter-Soto, Juan J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="652B46879C32F4391A920D80E65E2806">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F47DD40385FE763CBAF0DDBC343D7D28">
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<mods:date id="0B381D71B655632B71DBAA5781C341E7">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="A7B733CB701D1AEB8D96BB49D5776A27">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="B63FB0CB07AEC4C083B982720AEDCE72">2017-07-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="92A71078FC5949E475DBFA369414D4E4">51</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7544AC5DC9A9EDFBB4C47B265A361993">21 - 24</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D2B553247485328E1D937E12C082DD3F">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1324050</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="88CD0118E30A34493B86EE47FD24A77A" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2017.1324050</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B7093932522CE45CFCD2F0E6DBF71BFE" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03806F39C94DFFFBFE59FDD5D0A7FA21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5191148" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5191148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03806F39C94DFFFBFE59FDD5D0A7FA21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03806F39C94DFFFBFE59FDD5D0A7FA21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="1358" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94DFFFDFE59FDD5D02AFDDD" box="[487,828,608,634]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFDFE59FDD5D02AFDDD" blockId="26.[487,828,608,669]" box="[487,828,608,634]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<heading id="D0DE6943C94DFFFDFE59FDD5D02AFDDD" box="[487,828,608,634]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94DFFFDFE59FDD5D02AFDDD" ID-CoL="J5PY" authority="Hubbs 1936" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[487,828,608,634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFE59FDD5D1B2FDDD" bold="true" box="[487,676,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Astyanax altior</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94DFFFDFD13FDD4D02AFDDD" author="Hubbs CL" box="[685,828,609,634]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" pagination="157 - 287" refId="ref47798" refString="Hubbs CL. 1936. Fishes of the Yucatan Peninsula. Carnegie Inst Washington Publ. 457: 157 - 287." type="journal article" year="1936">Hubbs 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94DFFFDFD89FD31D1FBFD3A" box="[567,749,644,669]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFDFD89FD31D1FBFD3A" blockId="26.[487,828,608,669]" box="[567,749,644,669]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1312C2AAC94DFFFDFD81FD31D1F3FD3A" box="[575,741,644,669]" captionStart-0="Figure 15" captionStart-1="Figure 16" captionStart-2="Figure 17" captionStartId-0="25.[160,225,848,871]" captionStartId-1="26.[160,225,1663,1686]" captionStartId-2="27.[160,225,648,671]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1152,142,817]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1153,1013,1632]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1153,142,617]" captionTargetId-0="figure-294@25.[163,1153,142,817]" captionTargetId-1="figure-258@26.[163,1153,1013,1632]" captionTargetId-2="figure-386@27.[163,1153,142,617]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="26" captionTargetPageId-2="27" captionText-0="Figure 15. Map of northern Central America and southern Mexico, showing distribution localities of Astyanax aeneus, A. altior, A. angustifrons, A. bacalarensis sp. nov., A. caballeroi, A. finitimus, A. macal sp. nov. and A. ocotal sp. nov. A larger symbol denotes the type locality (uncertain for A. angustifrons)." captionText-1="Figure 16. Astyanax altior live at Cenote Xlaká in Dzibilchaltún, Yucatan. © M. Salazar González. Reproduced by permission of M. Salazar González. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder." captionText-2="Figure 17. Astyanax altior, paratype, UMMZ 102145." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181919" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181921" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181923" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5181919/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5181921/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5181923/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Figures 15–17</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94DFFFDFF1EFD7BD03DFCAE" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFDFF1EFD7BD16AFD41" blockId="26.[160,811,718,777]" box="[160,636,718,742]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB39F901C94DFFFDFF1EFD7BD16AFD41" box="[160,636,718,742]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A88F83EC94DFFFDFF1EFD7BD16EFD41" author="Hubbs CL" box="[160,632,718,742]" page="176" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" year="1936">
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94DFFFDFF1EFD7BD16EFD41" ID-CoL="J5PY" authority="Hubbs 1936: 176" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityPageNumber="176" authorityYear="1936" box="[160,632,718,742]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fasciatus" subSpecies="altior">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFF1EFD7BD2BBFD41" box="[160,429,718,742]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Astyanax fasciatus altior</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94DFFFDFE0BFD7BD16EFD41" author="Hubbs CL" box="[437,632,718,742]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" pagination="157 - 287" refId="ref47798" refString="Hubbs CL. 1936. Fishes of the Yucatan Peninsula. Carnegie Inst Washington Publ. 457: 157 - 287." type="journal article" year="1936">Hubbs 1936: 176</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFDFF1EFD44D03DFCAE" blockId="26.[160,811,718,777]" box="[160,811,753,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94DFFFDFF1EFD44D28EFCAE" ID-CoL="J5PY" authority="Hubbs" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[160,408,753,777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFF1EFD44D253FCAE" box="[160,325,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Astyanax altior</emphasis>
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Hubbs
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</taxonomicName>
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; species rank,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94DFFFDFD80FD44D033FCAE" author="Schmitter-Soto JJ" box="[574,805,753,777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref49099" refString="Schmitter-Soto JJ. 1998. Diagnosis of Astyanax altior Hubbs (Characidae), with a morphometric analysis of Astyanax in the Yucatan Peninsula. Ichthyol Expl Freshwat. 8: 349 - 358." type="journal article" year="1998">Schmitter-Soto 1998</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94DFFFCFF1EFC80D1EAFCF0" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1357" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFDFF1EFC80D202FCE9" blockId="26.[160,1155,821,950]" box="[160,276,821,846]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFF1EFC80D202FCE9" bold="true" box="[160,276,821,846]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFCFF1EFCECD1EAFCF0" blockId="26.[160,1155,821,950]" lastBlockId="27.[160,1156,727,855]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1357" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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Diagnosed from other
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94DFFFDFE14FCECD17FFCD6" box="[426,617,857,881]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFE14FCECD11BFCD6" box="[426,525,857,881]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Astyanax</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94DFFFDFD7AFCECD008FCD6" box="[708,798,857,881]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
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as follows: body depth, up to 48% SL (vs never greater than 42%); anal origin overlaps last dorsal-fin ray (usually no overlap in
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94DFFFDFEA9FC2BD2ACFC11" box="[279,442,926,950]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFEA9FC2BD2ACFC11" box="[279,442,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">A. angustifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin, modally 8 (vs modally 7.5 or fewer); anterior fontanel, shorter (longer in
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94CFFFCFC94FD62D0DBFD48" box="[810,973,727,751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFC94FD62D0DBFD48" box="[810,973,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">A. angustifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); rostral vertices of ceratohyal, angled (round in
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94CFFFCFDB1FD4FD1A5FCB5" authority="Schmitter-Soto, 2017" authorityName="Schmitter-Soto" authorityYear="2017" box="[527,691,762,786]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacalarensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFDB1FD4FD1A5FCB5" box="[527,691,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">A. bacalarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EBF46C94CFFFCFD02FD4FD00EFCB5" box="[700,792,762,786]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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); preopercle anterodorsal edge, straight-concave (with a median convexity in
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94CFFFCFD0FFCA9D040FC93" authority="Schmitter-Soto, 2017" authorityName="Schmitter-Soto" authorityYear="2017" box="[689,854,796,820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacalarensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFD0FFCA9D040FC93" box="[689,854,796,820]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">A. bacalarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EBF46C94CFFFCFCDEFCA9D0AAFC93" box="[864,956,796,820]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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); coracoid caudal edge, concave, with a double spine (vs spine single).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF568EA7C94DFFFDFF1EF9CAD208F976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5181921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181921/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" startId="26.[160,225,1663,1686]" targetBox="[163,1153,1013,1632]" targetPageId="26">
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<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94DFFFDFF1EF9CAD208F976" blockId="26.[160,1157,1663,1745]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFF1EF9CAD21DF931" bold="true" box="[160,267,1663,1686]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Figure 16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94DFFFDFEADF9CAD2B1F931" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[275,423,1663,1686]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94DFFFDFEADF9CAD2B1F931" box="[275,423,1663,1686]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1356">Astyanax altior</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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live at Cenote Xlaká in Dzibilchaltún, Yucatan. © M. Salazar González. Reproduced by permission of M. Salazar González. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF568EA7C94CFFFCFF1EFD3DD1BAFD38" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181923" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5181923" box="[160,684,648,671]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181923/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" startId="27.[160,225,648,671]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,617]" targetPageId="27">
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||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFCFF1EFD3DD1BAFD38" blockId="27.[160,684,648,671]" box="[160,684,648,671]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFF1EFD3DD21FFD38" bold="true" box="[160,265,648,671]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Figure 17.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94CFFFCFEAFFD3DD2B4FD38" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[273,418,648,671]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
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<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFEAFFD3DD2B4FD38" box="[273,418,648,671]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Astyanax altior</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype, UMMZ 102145.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94CFFFBFF1EFC36D0C9FD09" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="1358" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFCFF1EFC36D256FC3B" blockId="27.[160,1157,899,1722]" box="[160,320,899,924]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">
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||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFF1EFC36D256FC3B" bold="true" box="[160,320,899,924]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Redescription</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFCFF1EFC12D793FC18" blockId="27.[160,1157,899,1722]" box="[160,1157,935,959]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">
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A species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94CFFFCFE92FC12D299FC18" authorityName="Baird and Girard" authorityYear="1854" box="[300,399,935,959]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFE92FC12D299FC18" box="[300,399,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Astyanax</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94CFFFCFDB1FC12D164FC18" authorityName="Baird and Girard" authorityYear="1854" box="[527,626,935,959]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94CFFFCFDB1FC12D164FC18" box="[527,626,935,959]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Astyanax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. with a complete predorsal series of scales).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFCFF7EFC7FD2E3FB80" blockId="27.[160,1157,899,1722]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Head profile concave or straight-concave; snout round. Lips even; mouth terminal. Pectoral fins usually reach pelvic fin origin; anal and dorsal fins may or may not overlap. Lobes of caudal fin, subequal.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFCFF7EFB87D16DFABD" blockId="27.[160,1157,899,1722]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
D. 9–10; A. 22–25, mean 24; pect. 10–15. Procurrent unsegmented dorsal rays on caudal fin, 9–10. Gill rakers on first arch, 21–24, mean 22.5; on lower limb, 12–14. Scales on lateral line, 32–36, modally 34; predorsal scales, 10–13, mean 11.5; scale rows from lateral line to base of first dorsal-fin ray, 8, occasionally 8.5; to base of pelvic fin, 5–6; to base of pectoral fin, 4; circumpeduncular scales, 16–18. An imbricated scale row on anal fin base, long. Nuptial tubercles, always simple. Total vertebrae 31–33, 18–19 caudal. Detailed frequencies are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6ABEB94C94CFFFCFD9CFAB7D163FABD" box="[546,629,1282,1306]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="16.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 3. Meristics of Central and North American species in the genus Astyanax. Numbers are" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFCFF7EFA91D0A4FA25" blockId="27.[160,1157,899,1722]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
Largest examined specimen,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD173CAC94CFFFCFDB0FA91D165FA9B" box="[526,627,1316,1340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" unit="mm" value="57.5">57.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. Body very deep, 37–48% SL. Head length 27–34% SL; orbital diameter 30–33% HL; interorbital distance, 8.6–10.8% SL (further morphometric data appear in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6ABEB94C94CFFFCFE44FADFD15BFA25" box="[506,589,1386,1410]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="19.[160,216,137,160]" captionText="Table 4. Selected morphometric proportions of Central and North American species in the genus Astyanax (abbreviated by first letters of specific epithet). Specimens measured are those marked ‘dig’ in Appendix. All measurements given as percentage of standard length. Data are means; whole range in parentheses." pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94CFFFCFD01FADFD0B0FA25" author="Schmitter-Soto JJ" box="[703,934,1386,1410]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref49099" refString="Schmitter-Soto JJ. 1998. Diagnosis of Astyanax altior Hubbs (Characidae), with a morphometric analysis of Astyanax in the Yucatan Peninsula. Ichthyol Expl Freshwat. 8: 349 - 358." type="journal article" year="1998">Schmitter-Soto 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94CFFFBFF7EFA39D04FFDCE" blockId="27.[160,1157,899,1722]" lastBlockId="28.[160,1156,142,686]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="1358" pageId="27" pageNumber="1357">Anterior fontanel short, convex-sided, blunt-tipped. Supraoccipital process in dorsal view, long, narrow-based, angled or slightly concave in lateral view. Vomer rostrally slightly concave. Arms of premaxilla, variable; teeth, 0–4. Highest tooth on dentary, first or third; the posterior teeth, abruptly smaller. Dorsal edge of longer articular arm, straight. Maxillary, with a convex anteroinferior edge; 1–3 teeth. Quadrate, dorsal process not expanded. Metapterygoid, rostral arm longer than ventral; 2 dorsocaudad projections. Infraorbital II, triangular with an angled base; infraorbital III, inferoposteriorly semicircular; infraorbital IV, rectangular with a projection; contact between infraorbitals II and III, wide. Urohyal rostral end turned up, its ventrorostral edge convex, its ventral apex closer to caudal end; ceratohyal foramen oval (sometimes absent); rostral vertices of ceratohyal angled, the ventral side variable. Epibranchial III, insertion of uncinate process angled, the distal segment of the main body variable. Upper pharyngeal bones, oval; lower pharyngeal plate, single; its caudal side, concave. Dorsal side of hyomandibular, convex. Opercular dorsal-half sides, parallel; opercle caudoventrally straight-convex, caudodorsally concave; ventral tip, sharp. Interopercle, posterior edge, straight-convex. Preopercle, ventral rim, straight; posteroventral edge, curved; 2 canals at angle. Five predorsal bony elements, expanded; rostral edge of first pterygiophore, variable. Coracoid with 4–5 interdigitations in suture to cleithrum, a concave caudal edge, a double posteroinferior spine. Caudad process of postcleithrum, trapezoidal to globose. Proximal edge of pelvic bone, convex. Postanal element, short. Dorsal tip of scaphium, truncate; caudal tip, spiny; dorsoposterior edge, slightly concave. Neural spines under dorsal fin, straight. Sixth caudal vertebra from tail, with a haemal spine displaced caudad. Rostral edge of largest hypuric plate, straight. Epuric plate on last neural spine, edge straight.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF7EFDC6D0C9FD09" blockId="28.[160,1156,142,686]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
Humeral spot, an elongated lozenge. Pigment on anal fin sparse, rather distally concentrated. Caudal spot both on peduncle and on fin rays (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1312C2AAC94BFFFBFCDAFD23D0C5FD09" box="[868,979,662,686]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1663,1686]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1013,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-258@26.[163,1153,1013,1632]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 16. Astyanax altior live at Cenote Xlaká in Dzibilchaltún, Yucatan. © M. Salazar González. Reproduced by permission of M. Salazar González. Permission to reuse must be obtained from the rightsholder." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181921/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94BFFFBFF1EFD6ED08EFCFC" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF1EFD6ED2E2FD53" blockId="28.[160,1155,731,859]" box="[160,500,731,756]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFF1EFD6ED2E2FD53" bold="true" box="[160,500,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Type material and depositor</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF1EFD4BD08EFCFC" blockId="28.[160,1155,731,859]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B41D472C94BFFFBFF1EFD4BD1ADFC9E" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="C. L. Hubbs" country="Mexico" location="Progreso'" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" specimenCode="UMMZ 102144" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yucatan" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492608DC94BFFFBFF1EFD4BD211FCB1" box="[160,263,766,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8F7654C94BFFFBFEACFD4BD2AAFCB1" box="[274,444,766,790]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="University or college">UMMZ 102144</specimenCode>
|
||
, 53.0 mm SL, ‘roadside pool
|
||
<quantity id="4CD173CAC94BFFFBFCACFD4BD058FCB1" box="[786,846,766,790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
south of
|
||
<location id="8EF688F4C94BFFFBFC7AFD4BD73AFCB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03806F39C94DFFFBFE59FDD5D0A7FA21:8EF688F4C94BFFFBFC7AFD4BD73AFCB1" box="[964,1068,766,790]" country="Mexico" name="Progreso'" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" stateProvince="Yucatan">Progreso’</location>
|
||
, northwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94BFFFBFEBFFC94D248FC9E" box="[257,350,801,825]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E9EBFC94BFFFBFED7FC94D2AAFC9E" box="[361,444,801,825]" name="Mexico" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DCBBF9C94BFFFBFE42FC94D161FC9E" box="[508,631,801,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">C.L. Hubbs</collectorName>
|
||
, 1932
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492608DC94BFFFBFD78FC94D020FC9E" box="[710,822,801,825]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3846EAC94BFFFBFCFFFC94D09AFC9E" box="[833,908,801,825]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="University or college">UMMZ</collectionCode>
|
||
102145 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1312C2AAC94BFFFBFC48FC94D776FC9E" box="[1014,1120,801,825]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="27.[160,225,648,671]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,617]" captionTargetId="figure-386@27.[163,1153,142,617]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. Astyanax altior, paratype, UMMZ 102145." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181923/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2F15A6C94BFFFBFBCBFC94D200FCFC" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(2 of them juveniles), same collection data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492608DC94BFFFBFC93FCF6D082FCFC" box="[813,916,835,859]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94BFFFBFF1EFC3DD3FAFBAE" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF1EFC3DD23AFC06" blockId="28.[160,1155,904,1033]" box="[160,300,904,929]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFF1EFC3DD23AFC06" bold="true" box="[160,300,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF1EFC1ED3FAFBAE" blockId="28.[160,1155,904,1033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
North-western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94BFFFBFEF0FC1ED2BEFC64" box="[334,424,939,963]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1312C2AAC94BFFFBFD8BFC1ED1B2FC64" box="[565,676,939,963]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[160,225,848,871]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,817]" captionTargetId="figure-294@25.[163,1153,142,817]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Map of northern Central America and southern Mexico, showing distribution localities of Astyanax aeneus, A. altior, A. angustifrons, A. bacalarensis sp. nov., A. caballeroi, A. finitimus, A. macal sp. nov. and A. ocotal sp. nov. A larger symbol denotes the type locality (uncertain for A. angustifrons)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5181919/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Figure 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). No records in its eastern coast,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFB83FC1ED795FC64" box="[1085,1155,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFF1EFC7BD28FFC41" author="Schmitter-Soto JJ" box="[160,409,974,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref49099" refString="Schmitter-Soto JJ. 1998. Diagnosis of Astyanax altior Hubbs (Characidae), with a morphometric analysis of Astyanax in the Yucatan Peninsula. Ichthyol Expl Freshwat. 8: 349 - 358." type="journal article" year="1998">Schmitter-Soto (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, nor in central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94BFFFBFDF0FC7BD1DEFC41" box="[590,712,974,998]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Campeche</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFD68FC7BD00AFC41" box="[726,796,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFC98FC7BD746FC41" author="Torres-Castro IL & Vega-Cendejas ME & Schmitter-Soto JJ & Rodiles-Hernandez R & Palacio-Aponte G" box="[806,1104,974,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="141 - 157" refId="ref49464" refString="Torres-Castro IL, Vega-Cendejas ME, Schmitter-Soto JJ, Rodiles-Hernandez R, Palacio-Aponte G. 2009. Ictiofauna de sistemas carstico-palustres con impacto antropico: los petenes de Campeche, Mexico [Ichthyofauna of karstic wetlands under anthropic impact: the " petenes " of Campeche, Mexico]. Rev Biol Trop. 57: 141 - 157." type="journal article" year="2009">Torres-Castro et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3338DA4C94BFFFBFF1EFB80D0A7FA21" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF1EFB80D210FBE9" blockId="28.[160,1156,1077,1414]" box="[160,262,1077,1102]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFF1EFB80D210FBE9" bold="true" box="[160,262,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF1EFBECD1A5FAB9" blockId="28.[160,1156,1077,1414]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
Based solely on meristics and morphometrics,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFD0FFBECD0B1FBD6" author="Schmitter-Soto JJ" box="[689,935,1113,1137]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="349 - 358" refId="ref49099" refString="Schmitter-Soto JJ. 1998. Diagnosis of Astyanax altior Hubbs (Characidae), with a morphometric analysis of Astyanax in the Yucatan Peninsula. Ichthyol Expl Freshwat. 8: 349 - 358." type="journal article" year="1998">Schmitter-Soto (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
diagnosed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFB93FBECD795FBD6" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[1069,1155,1113,1137]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFB93FBECD795FBD6" box="[1069,1155,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. altior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFF58FBCED247FB34" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[230,337,1147,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aeneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFF58FBCED247FB34" box="[230,337,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. aeneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (= a mixture of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFDA1FBCED1D3FB34" box="[543,709,1147,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFDA1FBCED1D3FB34" box="[543,709,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFCBBFBCED0BDFB34" authority="Schmitter-Soto, 2017" authorityName="Schmitter-Soto" authorityYear="2017" box="[773,939,1147,1171]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacalarensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFCBBFBCED0BDFB34" box="[773,939,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. bacalarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EBF46C94BFFFBFC08FBCED705FB34" box="[950,1043,1147,1171]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
), wrongly including in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFE8DFB2BD29DFB11" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[307,395,1182,1206]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFE8DFB2BD29DFB11" box="[307,395,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. altior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94BFFFBFD02FB2BD04AFB11" box="[700,860,1182,1206]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The present osteological diagnosis brings the taxon back to Hubbs’ (1936) concept; the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94BFFFBFCE3FB74D0E1FB7E" box="[861,1015,1217,1241]" country="Mexico" name="Quintana Roo" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Quintana Roo</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations belong to a different deep-bodied species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFD30FB56D027FB5C" authority="Schmitter-Soto, 2017" authorityName="Schmitter-Soto" authorityYear="2017" box="[654,817,1251,1275]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bacalarensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFD30FB56D027FB5C" box="[654,817,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. bacalarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26EBF46C94BFFFBFC84FB56D084FB5C" box="[826,914,1251,1275]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
As for the records in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49ED10CDC94BFFFBFF1EFAB3D20CFAB9" box="[160,282,1286,1310]" country="Mexico" name="Campeche" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">Campeche</collectingRegion>
|
||
, they correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFDB6FAB3D1BBFAB9" box="[520,685,1286,1310]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFDB6FAB3D1BBFAB9" box="[520,685,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B96DE2FC94BFFFBFF7EFA9CD0A7FA21" blockId="28.[160,1156,1077,1414]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
The species is part of clade Ib of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFD8FFA9CD049FAE6" author="Ornelas-Garcia CP & Dominguez-Dominguez O & Doadrio I" box="[561,863,1321,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="340" refId="ref48693" refString="Ornelas-Garcia CP, Dominguez-Dominguez O, Doadrio I. 2008. Evolutionary history of the fish genus Astyanax Baird and Girard 1854 (Actinopterygii, Characidae) in Mesoamerica reveals multiple morphological homoplasies. BMC Evol Biol. 8: 340." type="journal article" year="2008">Ornelas-García et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and corresponds to clade B of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFF6DFAFED2AFFAC4" author="Strecker U & Faundez VH & Wilkens H" box="[211,441,1355,1379]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="469 - 481" refId="ref49388" refString="Strecker U, Faundez VH, Wilkens H. 2004. Phylogeography of surface and cave Astyanax (Teleostei) from Central and North America based on cytochrome b sequence data. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 33: 469 - 481." type="journal article" year="2004">Strecker et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFE7AFAFED1A2FAC4" author="Hausdorf B & Wilkens H & Strecker U" box="[452,692,1355,1379]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="89 - 97" refId="ref47667" refString="Hausdorf B, Wilkens H, Strecker U. 2011. Population genetic patterns revealed by microsatellite data challenge the mitochondrial DNA based taxonomy of Astyanax in Mexico (Characidae, Teleostei). Mol Phylogenet Evol. 60: 89 - 97." type="journal article" year="2011">Hausdorf et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a nuclear-gene group exclusive to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C29A5ACC94BFFFBFF1EFADBD3E1FA21" authorityName="Hubbs" authorityYear="1936" box="[160,247,1390,1414]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Astyanax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altior">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95D023DC94BFFFBFF1EFADBD3E1FA21" box="[160,247,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358">A. altior</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species has been listed as Vulnerable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB8A3DEC94BFFFBFD53FADBD0B2FA21" author="Jelks HL & Walsh SJ & Burkhead NM & Contreras-Balderas S & Diaz-Pardo E & Hendrickson DA & Lyons L & Mandrak NE & McCormick F & Nelson JS" box="[749,932,1390,1414]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1358" pagination="372 - 407" refId="ref47846" refString="Jelks HL, Walsh SJ, Burkhead NM, Contreras-Balderas S, Diaz-Pardo E, Hendrickson DA, Lyons L, Mandrak NE, McCormick F, Nelson JS, et al. 2008. Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries. 33: 372 - 407." type="journal article" year="2008">Jelks et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |