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<mods:title id="B2364E363B923545325ACD066060FF7F">An annotated checklist of the South African Acanthodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Acanthodrilinae, Benhamiinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF98FFAFE68BD58BBF026DCC" box="[151,635,931,958]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE68BD58BBF026DCC" blockId="32.[151,635,931,958]" box="[151,635,931,958]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD58BBF026DCC" ID-CoL="35ace4bb-42b7-4def-acfb-74010098a69a" authority="Beddard, 1897" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,635,931,958]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD58BBF026DCC" bold="true" box="[151,635,931,958]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD58BBCD36DCF" bold="true" box="[151,426,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Parachilota photodilus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE7A6D58CBF0A6DCC" author="Beddard" box="[442,627,931,957]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1897) On a collection of earthworms from South Africa belonging to the genus Acanthodrilus. With an Appendix: on a new genus of earthworms belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 336 - 349." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">Beddard, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF98FFAFE68BD5C5B9FD6AEB" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE68BD5C5BF146A71" blockId="32.[151,1156,1002,1178]" box="[151,621,1002,1024]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF98FFAFE68BD5C5BF146A71" box="[151,621,1002,1024]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD5C5BF106A71" ID-CoL="555b3373-3e5d-4cf9-81b0-173cb8c2b4e2" authority="Beddard, 1897: 343" authorityName="Beddard" authorityPageNumber="343" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,617,1002,1024]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Acanthodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD5C5BCEE6A71" box="[151,407,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Acanthodrilus photodilus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE782D5C5BF106A71" author="Beddard" box="[414,617,1002,1024]" page="343" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE782D5C5BF4F6A71" author="Beddard" box="[414,566,1002,1024]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1897) On a collection of earthworms from South Africa belonging to the genus Acanthodrilus. With an Appendix: on a new genus of earthworms belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 336 - 349." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">Beddard, 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 343
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE68BD226BFDE6A2D" blockId="32.[151,1156,1002,1178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF98FFAFE68BD226BFDE6A2D" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD226BFB26A6E" ID-CoL="555b3373-3e5d-4cf9-81b0-173cb8c2b4e2" authority="Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976: 155" authorityName="Reynolds &amp; Cook" authorityPageNumber="155" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,715,1033,1055]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Acanthodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD226BCEE6A6E" box="[151,407,1033,1055]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Acanthodrilus photodilus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE7B9D226BFB26A6E" author="Reynolds" box="[421,715,1033,1055]" page="155" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE7B9D226BFE16A6E" author="Reynolds" box="[421,664,1033,1055]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 155
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; ZMH.
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD207BF3C6A4C" authority="Michaelsen 1900: 148" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,581,1064,1086]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD207BC2D6A4F" box="[151,340,1064,1086]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Chilota photodilus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE77DD207BF3C6A4C" author="Michaelsen" box="[353,581,1064,1086]" page="148" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE77DD207BF6A6A4C" author="Michaelsen" box="[353,531,1064,1086]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. In: Das Tierreich. Lief. 10. Berlin: R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, 575 pp." type="book" year="1900">Michaelsen 1900</bibRefCitation>
: 148
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 1913a: 512; 1913b: 53.
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD268BC2D6A2C" box="[151,340,1095,1117]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD268BC2D6A2C" box="[151,340,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Chilota photodilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f. typicus
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE7A3D269BFDA6A2D" author="Michaelsen" box="[447,675,1094,1116]" page="54" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE7A3D269BF046A2D" author="Michaelsen" box="[447,637,1094,1116]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 b) Report upon the Oligochaeta in the South African Museum at Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">Michaelsen 1913b</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE68BD24ABFBB6A0A" blockId="32.[151,1156,1002,1178]" box="[151,706,1125,1147]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF98FFAFE68BD24ABFBB6A0A" box="[151,706,1125,1147]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD24ABC2D6A0A" box="[151,340,1125,1147]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD24ABC2D6A0A" box="[151,340,1125,1147]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Chilota photodilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE773D249BCAA6A0A" box="[367,467,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">castaneus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE7C6D24ABFC46A0A" author="Michaelsen" box="[474,701,1125,1147]" page="54" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE7C6D24ABFE16A0A" author="Michaelsen" box="[474,664,1125,1147]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 b) Report upon the Oligochaeta in the South African Museum at Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">Michaelsen 1913b</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE68BD2ABB9FD6AEB" blockId="32.[151,1156,1002,1178]" box="[151,1156,1155,1178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4CD559FF98FFAFE68BD2ABB9FD6AEB" box="[151,1156,1155,1178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE68BD2ABBF2C6AE8" ID-CoL="35ace4bb-42b7-4def-acfb-74010098a69a" authority="Pickford 1937: 238" authorityName="Pickford" authorityPageNumber="238" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,597,1155,1178]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD2ABBCF86AEB" box="[151,385,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Parachilota photodilus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE792D2ACBF2C6AE8" author="Pickford" box="[398,597,1155,1177]" page="238" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE792D2ACBF5B6AE8" author="Pickford" box="[398,546,1155,1177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">Pickford 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 238
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE443D2ACBEFC6AE8" author="Reynolds" box="[607,901,1155,1177]" page="155" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE443D2ACBE2B6AE8" author="Reynolds" box="[607,850,1155,1177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 155
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AFDD466FF98FFAFE58CD2ACB95C6AE8" author="Zicsi" box="[912,1061,1155,1177]" page="63" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE58CD2ACBE866AE8" author="Zicsi" box="[912,1023,1155,1177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Zicsi, A. (1998) Neue und seltene terrestrische Oligochaeten aus Sudafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 95, 59 - 77." type="journal article" year="1998">Zicsi 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 63
</treatmentCitation>
; HNHM.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF98FFAFE68BD2E8B9DE6AAF" box="[151,1191,1222,1247]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE68BD2E8B9DE6AAF" blockId="32.[151,1436,1222,1534]" box="[151,1191,1222,1247]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE68BD2E8BC546AAE" bold="true" box="[151,301,1222,1247]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<typeStatus id="54E74CD5FF98FFAFE68BD2E8BDAB6AAE" box="[151,210,1223,1247]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE720D2E9BC156AAE" bold="true" box="[316,364,1222,1247]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">WC</emphasis>
, Knysna Forest, in and under rotten wood, leaves, &amp; c. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE5EBD2E9B9E26AAF" author="Beddard" box="[1015,1179,1222,1246]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1897) On a collection of earthworms from South Africa belonging to the genus Acanthodrilus. With an Appendix: on a new genus of earthworms belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 336 - 349." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">Beddard 1897</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C346A1FCFF98FFAFE6DBD2C4BC0D6B8F" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE3F277FF98FFAFE6DBD2C4BC0D6B8F" blockId="32.[151,1436,1222,1534]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE6DBD2C4BC4D6B72" bold="true" box="[199,308,1259,1283]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species is recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE48DD2C5BE3E6B73" author="Beddard" box="[657,839,1258,1282]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1897) On a collection of earthworms from South Africa belonging to the genus Acanthodrilus. With an Appendix: on a new genus of earthworms belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 336 - 349." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">Beddard (1897)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE544D2C5B9516B73" author="Michaelsen" box="[856,1064,1258,1282]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. In: Das Tierreich. Lief. 10. Berlin: R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, 575 pp." type="book" year="1900">Michaelsen (1900</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE22BD2C5B9F96B73" author="Michaelsen" box="[1079,1152,1258,1282]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 a) Die Oligochaeten des Kaplandes. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 34, 473 - 556." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">1913a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE299D2C5B9ED6B73" author="Michaelsen" box="[1157,1172,1258,1282]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 b) Report upon the Oligochaeta in the South African Museum at Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
,) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE2FCD2C5B8E56B73" author="Zicsi" box="[1248,1436,1258,1282]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Zicsi, A. (1998) Neue und seltene terrestrische Oligochaeten aus Sudafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 95, 59 - 77." type="journal article" year="1998">Zicsi (1998: 63)</bibRefCitation>
under the names
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE77CD321BCAF6B57" box="[352,470,1294,1318]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE77CD321BCAF6B57" box="[352,470,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">photodilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE7F2D321BF736B57" box="[494,522,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">ph</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE405D320BF116B57" box="[537,616,1295,1318]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">typicus</emphasis>
, or
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE4ACD321BE316B56" box="[688,840,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">ph. castaneus</emphasis>
from a number of sites in the south-eastern coastalbelt in Western and Eastern Cape, and KZN.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE490D31DBE0C6B3B" author="Pickford" box="[652,885,1330,1354]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">Pickford (1937: 238)</bibRefCitation>
under the heading
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE24FD31CBC676B1F" authority="Beddard, 1897" authorityName="Beddard" authorityYear="1897" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE24FD31CB82C6B3A" box="[1107,1365,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">Parachilota photodilus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD8F86FF98FFAFE378D31DBC6C6B1F" author="Beddard" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1897) On a collection of earthworms from South Africa belonging to the genus Acanthodrilus. With an Appendix: on a new genus of earthworms belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 336 - 349." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">Beddard, 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
gives a diagnosis of the species and a key to subspecies, based on distinctions between the shape of penial setae and the spermathecae. The subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE4C6D353BE926BE2" box="[730,1003,1403,1427]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="photodilus" subSpecies="photodilus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE4C6D353BE926BE2" box="[730,1003,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">P. photodilus photodilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C89F4FF98FFAFE238D353B8406BE2" box="[1060,1337,1403,1427]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="photodilus" subSpecies="convolutus">
<emphasis id="B9282E65FF98FFAFE238D353B8406BE2" box="[1060,1337,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="36">P. photodilus convolutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are then described in detail.
<typeStatus id="54E74CD5FF98FFAFE768D3B1BCA66BC7" box="[372,479,1438,1462]" pageId="32" pageNumber="36" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: ZMH V-7828, V-7835. Other material: NMSA.Olig.00450 (from Knysna, identified by Michaelsen, with the KZNatal Museum old accessing number 0470); HNHM AF/2541, AF/2542, AF/2560, AF/2589, AF/2515.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>