286 lines
45 KiB
XML
286 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="8FEE0608ED54229826BE32B3435AFAC4" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276900" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27fd8d65-d146-43dc-a3f8-9623b25de14f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276900" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460243759716" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De, Marcelo R. & Lovejoy, Nathan R." docDate="2011" docId="EB76AC73E94D00417781F8FAFB5BE5D1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02776p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2776" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Heliotrygon" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="174FD40BE95A005F7716FFC6FFDCE20B" masterDocTitle="Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkable new genus and two new species of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from the Amazon basin (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698241358558" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="DFCE06DC0F2D4D5D23126C2CE94DE281">Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a remarkable new genus and two new species of Neotropical freshwater stingrays from the Amazon basin (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BBB9D18BAE6A055F2E9B6BDF1A5461B8">De, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="630D900E89C199D434809D3C37A7790D">Lovejoy, Nathan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="129A779B62664F0B55AED5FAFE3CF9F2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B035923395C59EA81277731488C6452B">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="EB76AC73E94D00417781F8FAFB5BE5D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617656" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119390151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617656" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB76AC73E94D00417781F8FAFB5BE5D1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB76AC73E94D00417781F8FAFB5BE5D1" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="2BC54EEEE94D00487781F8FAFE35E55D" box="[151,489,1852,1878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94D00487781F8FAFE35E55D" blockId="23.[151,489,1852,1878]" box="[151,489,1852,1878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="3828AA09E94D00487781F8FAFE35E55D" bold="true" box="[151,489,1852,1878]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94D00487781F8FAFE35E55D" bold="true" box="[151,489,1852,1878]" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
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Morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94D0048764EF8FAFE35E55D" ID-CoL="637CK" ID-ENA="1090083" box="[344,489,1852,1878]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94D0048764EF8FAFE35E55D" bold="true" box="[344,489,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">Heliotrygon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2BC54EEEE94D00417781F845FB5BE5D1" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94D00477781F845FB96E2DF" blockId="23.[151,1436,1923,2019]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1436,151,212]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">
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The description of dermal denticles that follows is based on
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94D0048742BF842FC44E590" box="[829,920,1924,1947]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94D0048742BF842FC44E590" box="[829,920,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">H. rosai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MZUSP 108295), but the ventral lateral-line canals are based on
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94D00487661F86EFE35E5B4" box="[375,489,1960,1983]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94D00487661F86EFE35E5B4" box="[375,489,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">H. gomesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MZUSP 108203). Clasper skeleton is described based on adult claspers of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94D00487257F86EFA40E5B4" box="[1345,1436,1960,1983]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94D00487257F86EFA40E5B4" box="[1345,1436,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">H. rosai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MZUSP 108295), as adult claspers of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94D00487542F80AFD1AE5E8" box="[596,710,1996,2019]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="23" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94D00487542F80AFD1AE5E8" box="[596,710,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="36">H. gomesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were not available for dissection, but clasper external morphology (included above in the account on external morphology of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94200477496FF5FFC02E2BB" box="[896,990,153,176]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94200477496FF5FFC02E2BB" box="[896,990,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">H. rosai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) was based on the
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<typeStatus id="BC64A3C7E942004773DFFF51FAF7E2A4" box="[1225,1323,151,175]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(MZUSP 104996). Description of cranial muscles is also based on
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94200477400FF7BFCADE2DF" box="[790,881,189,212]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94200477400FF7BFCADE2DF" box="[790,881,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">H. rosai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MZUSP 108295).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94200477781FEC2FBC2E054" blockId="24.[151,1437,259,607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94200477781FEC2FEBDE317" bold="true" box="[151,353,259,284]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">Dermal denticles</emphasis>
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. (
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<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E94200477661FEC2FE3FE317" box="[375,483,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,470,1317]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,457,1321]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal tail region depicting morphology of caudal sting of Heliotrygon gomesi, n. sp. A) AMNH 104988, paratype, adult female. B) MZUSP 104988, holotype, adult female. Notice faint, blunt serrations in (B). Anterior facing right. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276909/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">Figures 9</figureCitation>
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A, 18, 23A, 23C). Denticles small (much smaller than eye-diameter), evenly distributed, and present on dorsal disc region mostly over mid- and posterior disc and base of tail. Denticles very minute and low. Larger spines and thorns entirely absent. On tail region, denticles more intensely grouped together at tail base, with scattered denticles occurring on lateral tail aspects, and sporadically far distally on tail. Microscopically, dermal denticles on dorsal disc region of a single morphotype, with an oval-shaped crown and averaging around
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<quantity id="A427B080E94200477781FE71FF2CE3C4" box="[151,240,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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in length. Posteriorly on the crown, two parallel crown keels originate from a coronal dichotomy. The opposite side of the crown is round to oval. Denticle basal plate oval, interrupted in the coronal keel area. A small basal keel occurs in variable numbers, being sometimes absent. In lateral view, denticle base and basal keels visible. Denticles on dorsal and lateral tail regions with slightly different morphology from dorsal middisc (
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<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E9420047720EFDE2FAABE037" box="[1304,1399,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1337,1360]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,470,1317]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[264,1323,457,1321]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal tail region depicting morphology of caudal sting of Heliotrygon gomesi, n. sp. A) AMNH 104988, paratype, adult female. B) MZUSP 104988, holotype, adult female. Notice faint, blunt serrations in (B). Anterior facing right. Scale = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276909/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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A), star-shaped in dorsal view, and with radiating keels converging on denticle apex.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="37A04DEDE94200477781FAC1FB7EE736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276917/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1436,663,1261]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94200477781FAC1FB7EE736" blockId="24.[151,1436,1287,1341]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94200477781FAC1FEC4E716" bold="true" box="[151,280,1287,1310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
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. Dermal denticles of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E942004776E6FACEFD7FE715" box="[496,675,1288,1310]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E942004776E6FACEFD7FE715" box="[496,675,1288,1310]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">Heliotrygon rosai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE942004775B9FACFFD39E715" box="[687,741,1289,1310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(from MZUSP 108295, adult male). A) Denticles from anterior, central disc region (anterior facing right). B) Single denticle in higher magnification (anterior facing left).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94200477781FA48FBB0E595" blockId="24.[151,1436,1421,1950]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94200477781FA48FE11E7AD" bold="true" box="[151,461,1421,1446]" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">Ventral lateral-line canals</emphasis>
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. (
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<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E942004776F5FA48FD88E7AD" box="[483,596,1422,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1567,1590]" captionTargetBox="[418,1175,183,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[408,1187,177,1565]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 19. Ventral lateral-line canals of a specimen of Heliotrygon gomesi, n. sp. (paratype MZUSP 108203). Color scheme is as follows: anterior subpleural tubules, hyomandibular subpleural component (at level of first pair of gill slits) and hyomandibular canal (purple); hyomandibular jugular component (yellow); nasal canal (light blue); prenasal component of nasal canal (green); suborbital component of infraorbital canal (light red); supraorbital canal (dark blue)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276918/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="37">Figure 19</figureCitation>
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). Ventral lateral-line canals present a complex, honeycomb-like pattern on anterolateral disc region. Suborbital component of the infraorbital canal highly reticulated and web-like, delimiting a network of small loops of varying sizes. Suborbital component covering most of anterolateral disc region, from level of fourth gill opening to outer anterolateral disc margin. Loops of suborbital greater and more elongated posteriorly, reducing in size outwardly toward disc margins, becoming very small close to anterolateral disc margins near hyomandibular canal. Hyomandibular canal subdivided into jugular and subpleural components. Hyomandibular canal bordering anterolateral disc margins, running more or less parallel to disc margin. Subpleural component of the hyomandibular canal deflects inward toward disc center more or less at level of third gill opening, where it delimits irregular circular to oval loops. Subpleural extends posteriorly to posterior one-fourth of disc. Anterolaterally the hyomandibular canal gives off numerous small, perpendicular branches toward disc outer margin (the anterior subpleural tubules). Supraorbital canal extends from nasal curtain region posteriorly before deflecting to form slender, elongated anterior loop. Posteriorly, supraorbital canal reaches slightly caudal to level of mouth. Prenasal canal extends anteriorly in a more or less parallel fashion from nasal curtain to anterior disc. The jugular component of the hyomandibular canal reaches posteriorly, arching around branchial basket from junction with suborbital and supraorbital canal, to reach subpleural component at posterior three-fourths of disc.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="37A04DEDE94300467781F9D9FB98E49A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276918/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[418,1175,183,1555]" targetPageId="25">
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94300467781F9D9FB98E49A" blockId="25.[151,1436,1567,1682]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94300467781F9D9FEC5E43E" bold="true" box="[151,281,1567,1590]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 19</emphasis>
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. Ventral lateral-line canals of a specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E943004675CBF9E6FC79E43D" box="[733,933,1568,1590]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E943004675CBF9E6FC79E43D" box="[733,933,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">Heliotrygon gomesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE943004674A4F9E7FC35E43D" box="[946,1001,1569,1590]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(paratype MZUSP 108203). Color scheme is as follows: anterior subpleural tubules, hyomandibular subpleural component (at level of first pair of gill slits) and hyomandibular canal (purple); hyomandibular jugular component (yellow); nasal canal (light blue); prenasal component of nasal canal (green); suborbital component of infraorbital canal (light red); supraorbital canal (dark blue).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="63601D65E94300467781F911FD52E533" blockId="25.[151,1436,1751,2017]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94300467781F911FEB8E4FB" bold="true" box="[151,356,1751,1776]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">Skeletal anatomy</emphasis>
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. (
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<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E9430046766CF91EFDC9E4FB" box="[378,533,1752,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[192,1421,162,1881]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[174,1422,135,1883]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 20. Articulated skeleton of Heliotrygon gomesi, n. sp. (CU 78486), in dorsoventral view, showing its remarkable morphology. Abbreviations: AR, enlarged anterior pectoral radial element; APRO, anterior segment of propterygium; BP, basipterygium; CTS, cervicothoracic synarcual; EFR, enlarged first pelvic radial element; HYO, hyomandibula; MES, mesopterygium; MET, metapterygium; NC, nasal capsule; PRO, propterygium; SCP, scapular process; TLS, thoracolumbar synarcual." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276919/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">Figures 20–4</figureCitation>
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). In general, the skeleton of the new genus (based on examinations of both species) is very similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E943004676FAF93BFDB1E51F" box="[492,621,1789,1812]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Paratrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E943004676FAF93BFDB1E51F" box="[492,621,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">Paratrygon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The description below roughly applies to both
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94300467398F93BFADDE51F" box="[1166,1281,1789,1812]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E94300467398F93BFADDE51F" box="[1166,1281,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">H. gomesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E9430046722FF93BFA49E51F" box="[1337,1429,1789,1812]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="38" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai">
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<emphasis id="51ABC177E9430046722FF93BFA49E51F" box="[1337,1429,1789,1812]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">H. rosai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and was based on specimens of both species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63601D65E943004477D1F885FBC2E392" blockId="25.[151,1436,1751,2017]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,151,409]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E943004677D1F885FEAAE557" bold="true" box="[199,374,1859,1884]" pageId="25" pageNumber="38">Neurocranium</emphasis>
|
||
. The neurocranium is relatively elongate, being about as long as the metapterygium, and twice as long as neurocranial greatest width. Neurocranial greatest width at nasal capsule region. Nasal capsules broadly rounded anteriorly and relatively short anteroposteriorly. Postorbital processes wider than preorbital processes. Precerebral and frontoparietal fontenellae elongate, about three-fourths of neurocranial length, and composed of a single structure in adults (no epiphysial bridge present). Precerebral fontanelle extends anteriorly to almost neurocranial anterior margin. Post-fontanellae neurocranial length relatively great, about one-third of neurocranial length. Nasal capsules separated by a relatively wide internasal septum, about equal to nasal aperture length. Anterior margin of nasal capsules slightly irregular, with small protuberances medially and at outer corners, articulating with anterior segment of propterygium. No sign of rostral appendix or remnant of rostral process in any specimen. Between pre- and postorbital process, much closer to the postorbital process, is the small, triangular supraorbital process. Preorbital processes small and blunt. Spiracular cartilage (providing support for the anterior spiracular wall) slender and elongate, curved at more or less its midlength. Antorbital cartilage triangular, articulating with posterolateral corner of nasal capsule, and closely associated with propterygium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="37A04DEDE94000457781F8A5FF14E5FE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276919/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" targetBox="[192,1421,162,1881]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E94000457781F8A5FF14E5FE" blockId="26.[151,1436,1891,2037]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94000457781F8A5FEC7E572" bold="true" box="[151,283,1891,1914]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 20</emphasis>
|
||
. Articulated skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94000457537F8A2FD30E571" box="[545,748,1892,1914]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94000457537F8A2FD30E571" box="[545,748,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="39">Heliotrygon gomesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE940004575EDF8A3FCE8E571" box="[763,820,1893,1914]" pageId="26" pageNumber="39" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(CU 78486), in dorsoventral view, showing its remarkable morphology. Abbreviations: AR, enlarged anterior pectoral radial element; APRO, anterior segment of propterygium; BP, basipterygium; CTS, cervicothoracic synarcual; EFR, enlarged first pelvic radial element; HYO, hyomandibula; MES, mesopterygium; MET, metapterygium; NC, nasal capsule; PRO, propterygium; SCP, scapular process; TLS, thoracolumbar synarcual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="37A04DEDE94100447781F89FFAA4E564" box="[151,1400,1881,1904]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276920/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1436,477,1860]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E94100447781F89FFAA4E564" blockId="27.[151,1400,1881,1904]" box="[151,1400,1881,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94100447781F89FFEC5E564" bold="true" box="[151,281,1881,1904]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 21</emphasis>
|
||
. Radiograph (CU 78485), in dorsoventral view, depicting morphological aspects of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E9410044737AF89FFAE9E564" box="[1132,1333,1881,1903]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E9410044737AF89FFAE9E564" box="[1132,1333,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="40">Heliotrygon gomesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE94100447257F89CFAA4E564" box="[1345,1400,1882,1903]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E941004377D1F85AFF04E3C4" blockId="27.[151,1436,1948,2009]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,463]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="27" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E941004477D1F85AFD76E5BE" bold="true" box="[199,682,1948,1973]" pageId="27" pageNumber="40">Mandibular, hyoid and branchial arches</emphasis>
|
||
. In general, the mandibular arch resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E941004473FEF85BFAB5E5BF" box="[1256,1385,1949,1972]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Paratrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E941004473FEF85BFAB5E5BF" box="[1256,1385,1949,1972]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="40">Paratrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but slightly less angled and more straight across. Palatoquadrates very slender and relatively straight at anterior margins. Meckel’s cartilages slightly oriented anteriorly at mid-line, but generally also relatively straight. Meckel’s cartilages more robust at symphysis, and with well-developed, slender lateral processes. Hyomandibulae more or less straight and relatively short, anteriorly slightly curved toward midline, with small anterior concavity for articulation with Meckel’s cartilages. Angular cartilages absent. Basibranchial copula elongate, reaching anteriorly to beyond posterior margin of frontoparietal fontanelle in dorsoventral view, and extending to close to basihyal cartilage. Anterior segment of basibranchial very triangular, acute, and more slender than in other potamotrygonid genera. First hypobranchial elements anteriorly oriented toward midline, extending anteriorly to basibranchial copula extremity. Pseudohyoid arch more slender than succeeding branchial arches. Branchial gill rays reaching propterygium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="37A04DEDE94600437781FA4FFE25E432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276921/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" targetBox="[157,1426,543,1385]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E94600437781FA4FFE25E432" blockId="28.[151,1436,1417,1593]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94600437781FA4FFEC6E794" bold="true" box="[151,282,1417,1440]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 22</emphasis>
|
||
. Aspects of the splanchnocranium, scapulocoracoid, and pectoral fin skeleton (A), and puboischiadic bar (B) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94600437781FA6FFEBDE7B4" box="[151,353,1449,1471]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94600437781FA6FFEBDE7B4" box="[151,353,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">Heliotrygon gomesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE94600437678FA6CFE7BE7B4" box="[366,423,1450,1471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, in dorsoventral view (based on CU 78456). Abbreviations: AOC, antorbital cartilage; EPI 5, fifth epibranchial element; FPF, frontoparietal fontanelle; HYO, hyomandibula; IP, iliac process; ISP, ischial process; Mc, Meckel’s cartilage; MPP, median prepelvic process; NC, nasal capsule; PCF, precerebral fontanelle; POP, postorbital process; PSC, prespiracular cartilage; PRP, preorbital process; SCP, scapular process; SP, supraorbital process. Arrow in (B) depicts very reduced and blunt lateral prepelvic process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E946004377D1F9A3FB35E571" blockId="28.[151,1436,1637,2022]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E946004377D1F9A3FEAAE475" bold="true" box="[199,374,1637,1662]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">Axial elements</emphasis>
|
||
. Cervicothoracic synarcual cartilage very robust and elongate, its width anteriorly about equal to posterior neurocranial width, and its greatest width just under greatest width of neurocranium. Lateral stays not projecting laterally to a great extent. Thoracolumbar synarcual strongly calcified laterally and relatively wide, extending from scapulocoracoid to close to puboischiadic bar (posterior to anterior extremity of median prepelvic process). Individual vertebral elements occurring posteriorly beyond level of caudal sting, becoming an uncalcified notochordal extension (cartilaginous rod) well posterior to caudal sting extremity. Transition from mono- to diplospondyly occurs usually slightly caudal to posterior margin of pelvic girdle (usually at between third and fifth centrum posterior to pelvic girdle). Distinct neural elements present even on vertebrae of caudal whip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E946004277D1F843FD08E01C" blockId="28.[151,1436,1637,2022]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E946004377D1F843FE0AE595" bold="true" box="[199,470,1925,1950]" pageId="28" pageNumber="41">Appendicular skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
. Propterygium relatively stout, widest posteriorly, and anteriorly curved toward midline. Anterior segment of propterygium about one-fourth to one-fifth length of propterygium, closely abutting nasal capsule, and almost contacting its antimere. Mesopterygium also relatively elongate, slightly concave externally, and more slender anteriorly. Anterior and posterior extensions of mesopterygium rounded. Metapterygium highly arched, more slender than propterygium, articulating posteriorly with three smaller metapterygial segments. Disc with closely articulating pectoral fin radial elements. Radial elements sometimes fused at base, especially those articulating with posterior portion of propterygium and anterior segment of metapterygium. Pectoral radials relatively slender where they articulate with pectoral basals, widening toward middisc, and becoming again more slen- der distally where they bifurcate. Pectoral radials subdivided into 17 segments (
|
||
<quantity id="A427B080E9470042735CFE8AFB54E36F" box="[1098,1160,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
|
||
some specimens) from propterygium to outer disc margin; complete subdivision of radials occurs at ninth segment at level of greatest disc width, but at eighth segment closer to anterior disc. Radial subdivision occurs by splitting and strengthening internal calcification in segment medial to segment that is fully subdivided. Radial segments more stout at anteriormost disc on snout region, and becoming progressively shorter toward outer disc margins. Outermost radials with distal subdivided segments closely contacting each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="37A04DEDE94700427781F9A8FADDE4EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276922/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" targetBox="[151,1436,589,1624]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E94700427781F9A8FADDE4EB" blockId="29.[151,1436,1646,1761]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94700427781F9A8FEC5E48F" bold="true" box="[151,281,1646,1669]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphological details of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E9470042753CF9A9FD28E48E" box="[554,756,1647,1669]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomesi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E9470042753CF9A9FD28E48E" box="[554,756,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="42">Heliotrygon gomesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE94700427417F9A9FCE6E48F" box="[769,826,1647,1668]" pageId="29" pageNumber="42" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, in dorsoventral view (based on CU 78456). A) Splanchnocranium, scapulocoracoid, pectoral basal elements, and anterior disc radials. Notice arrangement of dermal denticles on anteromedial disc region. B) Detail of anterolateral disc region, showing transition to bifurcating radials, usually at 8-9th radial (counting from propterygium). C) Detail of dorsal tail base region showing specific pattern of dermal denticles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E947004177D1F8CBFB6BE2DF" blockId="29.[151,1436,1805,2009]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="29" pageNumber="42">
|
||
Pelvic girdle very triangular in profile, relatively very stout, with median prepelvic process extending to about anterior one-third of metapterygial length (extent of prepelvic process not visible in radiographs) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E9470042721EF8F7FAA1E542" box="[1288,1405,1841,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1417,1440]" captionTargetBox="[157,1426,543,1385]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[157,1442,543,1387]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 22. Aspects of the splanchnocranium, scapulocoracoid, and pectoral fin skeleton (A), and puboischiadic bar (B) of Heliotrygon gomesi, n. sp., in dorsoventral view (based on CU 78456). Abbreviations: AOC, antorbital cartilage; EPI 5, fifth epibranchial element; FPF, frontoparietal fontanelle; HYO, hyomandibula; IP, iliac process; ISP, ischial process; Mc, Meckel’s cartilage; MPP, median prepelvic process; NC, nasal capsule; PCF, precerebral fontanelle; POP, postorbital process; PSC, prespiracular cartilage; PRP, preorbital process; SCP, scapular process; SP, supraorbital process. Arrow in (B) depicts very reduced and blunt lateral prepelvic process." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276921/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="42">Figure 22</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Lateral prepelvic processes reduced to mere rounded corners. Pelvic girdle resembling an inverted “V”, with short iliac processes not extending caudally beyond ischial processes. Iliac processes with articular surface for basipterygium and enlarged first pelvic radial element. Ischial processes not very elongate, slender distally. Basipterygium robust, about as wide as posterior portion of metapterygium. Basipterygium curves inward posteriorly, and oriented obliquely in relation to midline. Pelvic radials subdivided into eight or nine segments, the most proximal much more elongate, extending to about 80% of pelvic fin width; fifth pelvic segment is subdivided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E944004177D1FF19FAC2E037" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,572]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Clasper skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E94400417684FF19FDDFE2FC" box="[402,515,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,615,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,615,1343]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 24. Clasper morphology of Heliotrygon rosai, n. sp. A) External morphology (holotype, MZUSP 104996). B) Clasper skeleton in dorsal view (MZUSP 108295). C) Clasper skeleton in ventral view (MZUSP 108295). Anterior facing top of page. Abbreviations: AT, accessory terminal cartilage; AX, axial cartilage; BE, beta cartilage; B 1, first basal segment; B 2, second basal segment; CG, clasper groove; DM, dorsal marginal cartilage; DPS, dorsal pseudosiphon; DT 2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; VM, ventral marginal cartilage; VPS, ventral pseudosiphon; VT, ventral terminal cartilage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276923/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||
) consists of the following cartilages: two basal segments, a single beta cartilage, axial cartilage, dorsal marginal, ventral marginal, dorsal terminal 2, accessory terminal, and ventral terminal. First basal segment larger and connecting to basipterygium; second basal segment smaller and linked to proximal part of axial cartilage. Beta cartilage originating at first basal segment and distally articulated with dorsal marginal. Axial cartilage straight, depressed anteriorly and distally cylindrical, tapering toward extremity. Ventral marginal long and narrow, with pronounced anterior tip. Two pelvic radials reach anterior tip of ventral marginal (not depicted in illustration,
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E94400417608FE71FE51E3C4" box="[286,397,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1364,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1400,615,1343]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,615,1343]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 24. Clasper morphology of Heliotrygon rosai, n. sp. A) External morphology (holotype, MZUSP 104996). B) Clasper skeleton in dorsal view (MZUSP 108295). C) Clasper skeleton in ventral view (MZUSP 108295). Anterior facing top of page. Abbreviations: AT, accessory terminal cartilage; AX, axial cartilage; BE, beta cartilage; B 1, first basal segment; B 2, second basal segment; CG, clasper groove; DM, dorsal marginal cartilage; DPS, dorsal pseudosiphon; DT 2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; VM, ventral marginal cartilage; VPS, ventral pseudosiphon; VT, ventral terminal cartilage." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276923/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Figure 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer edges of dorsal marginal and dorsal terminal 2 forming the clasper groove externally. Inner edge of posterior portion of dorsal marginal forming dorsal pseudosiphon externally. Dorsal terminal 2 elongated, narrow and oval. Accessory terminal cartilage elongated and fusiform, underlying dorsal terminal 2, and forming ventral pseudosiphon externally from its outer edge. Ventral terminal broad, elongate and oval.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="37A04DEDE94400417781FA92FB48E7EE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276923/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[151,1400,615,1343]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E94400417781FA92FB48E7EE" blockId="30.[151,1436,1364,1509]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417781FA92FEC1E761" bold="true" box="[151,285,1364,1387]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 24</emphasis>
|
||
. Clasper morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417538FA93FD3BE760" box="[558,743,1365,1387]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417538FA93FD3BE760" box="[558,743,1365,1387]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Heliotrygon rosai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A987C0CE944004175EEFA93FCEFE761" box="[760,819,1365,1386]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A) External morphology (holotype, MZUSP 104996). B) Clasper skeleton in dorsal view (MZUSP 108295). C) Clasper skeleton in ventral view (MZUSP 108295). Anterior facing top of page. Abbreviations: AT, accessory terminal cartilage; AX, axial cartilage; BE, beta cartilage; B1, first basal segment; B2, second basal segment; CG, clasper groove; DM, dorsal marginal cartilage; DPS, dorsal pseudosiphon; DT2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; VM, ventral marginal cartilage; VPS, ventral pseudosiphon; VT, ventral terminal cartilage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="63601D65E94400417781F9F3FB5BE5D1" blockId="30.[151,1436,1589,2010]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417781F9F3FDA8E445" bold="true" box="[151,628,1589,1614]" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Cranial, hyoid and mandibular muscles</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBE401E0E9440041759CF9F0FD20E445" box="[650,764,1590,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="31.[151,250,920,943]" captionTargetBox="[241,1347,158,904]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[232,1374,153,915]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 25. Cranial, mandibular, and hyoid muscles of Heliotrygon rosai, n. sp. (from MZUSP 108295). Specimen is facing right. Notice that pre- and postorbital processes, nasal capsules, and part of rostral region were cut. Specimen is in dorsolateral view. Abbreviations: HYO, hyomandibula; LH, levator hyomandibularis; LLS, levator labii superioris; LP, levator palatoquadrati; MC, Meckel’s cartilage; PQ, palatoquadrate; SM, spiracularis medialis; SL, spiracularis lateralis. Asterisk indicates position of eye." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276924/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Figure 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). A full description of the myology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E944004173A2F9F0FAE7E445" box="[1204,1339,1590,1614]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E944004173A2F9F0FAE7E445" box="[1204,1339,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Heliotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is being prepared; here we restrict ourselves to features that clarify the affinities of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E9440041731AF99CFB4FE479" box="[1036,1171,1626,1650]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E9440041731AF99CFB4FE479" box="[1036,1171,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Heliotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with other potamotrygonids.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E944004177E7F9B8FEA4E49D" box="[241,376,1662,1686]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E944004177E7F9B8FEA4E49D" box="[241,376,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Heliotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a considerably robust mandibular musculature. The short distance between the neurocranium and the branchial region has confined the ventral hyoid muscles to a relatively small area, very similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417633F901FE7AE4D5" box="[293,422,1735,1758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Paratrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417633F901FE7AE4D5" box="[293,422,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Paratrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In terms of cranial muscles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E944004175E0F900FCA2E4D5" box="[758,894,1734,1758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Heliotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E944004175E0F900FCA2E4D5" box="[758,894,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Heliotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has other features in common with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417202F901FA49E4D5" box="[1300,1429,1735,1758]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Paratrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417202F901FA49E4D5" box="[1300,1429,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Paratrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, hypothesized to be derived: (1) the lateral adductor mandibulae 1 has an elevated number of superficial subdivisions (muscle fibers are internally somewhat mixed); (2) medial portion of spiracularis (spiracularis medialis) is inserted onto Meckel’s cartilage, and does not project ventrally as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E944004174B7F8F4FBECE541" box="[929,1072,1842,1866]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Plesiotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E944004174B7F8F4FBECE541" box="[929,1072,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Plesiotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417371F8F5FADBE541" box="[1127,1287,1843,1866]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417371F8F5FADBE541" box="[1127,1287,1843,1866]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Spiracularis lateralis muscle inserts onto distal portion of the hyomandibula. Levator palatoquarati muscle wraps around palatoquadrate to insert onto its outer, medial portion. The coracohyoideus muscle shows two muscle fibers oriented in different directions, however an evident division into two separate muscles (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417356F859FB1DE5BD" box="[1088,1217,1951,1974]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Paratrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417356F859FB1DE5BD" box="[1088,1217,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Paratrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417248F859FEDFE5D1" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Potamotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417248F859FEDFE5D1" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Potamotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species) is not visible (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4DF66E6E94400417530F804FD69E5D1" box="[550,693,1986,2010]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" genus="Plesiotrygon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="51ABC177E94400417530F804FD69E5D1" box="[550,693,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="43">Plesiotrygon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all the fibers have the same orientation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |