treatments-xml/data/EC/06/87/EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921.xml

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<mods:title id="09236BBEF9121EB6106A2324EB25FFD7">Taxonomical study of Japanese Aulodrilus Bretscher (Annelida, Clitellata Tubificinae) with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCEE14AFF35FB2E97AD08BA" authority="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook, 1966" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,756,1208,1235]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFF35FB2E97AD08BA" bold="true" box="[151,756,1208,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFF35FB2E94F408BA" bold="true" box="[151,429,1208,1235]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCEE14AFE16FB2E97AD08BA" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[436,756,1208,1234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref19272" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst &amp; Cook, 1966</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCEE14AFF3DFB4B9452089F" box="[159,267,1245,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCEE14AFEBAFB4B947E089F" box="[280,295,1245,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,788,812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,166,765]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook, from Sapporo, Japan.SEM photomicrographs of dorsal chaetal bundle (A) and two chaetae (B) in a mid- segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="E50E10DEFFCEE14AFF35FAB797E90951" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[151,688,1313,1337]" page="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1966">
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCEE14AFF35FAB797E90951" authority="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook, 1966: 19" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityPageNumber="19" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,688,1313,1337]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFF35FAB794270951" box="[151,382,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCEE14AFE27FAB797E90951" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[389,688,1313,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref19272" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst &amp; Cook, 1966: 19</bibRefCitation>
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, fig 7R, S.
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<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCEE14AFF35FAD697140930" authority="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,589,1344,1368]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFF35FAD69427093F" box="[151,382,1344,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
Brinkhurst &amp; Cook
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="E50E10DEFFCEE14AFDF4FAD696680930" author="Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[598,817,1344,1368]" page="528" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCEE14AFDF4FAD696680930" author="Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[598,817,1344,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="444 - 625" refId="ref19049" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Part 2. Systematics, 8. Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), &quot; Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World &quot;. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter" year="1971">Brinkhurst 1971: 528</bibRefCitation>
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, fig 8.23 A, B; 1986: 193.
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<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFF35FA1094D909C8" bold="true" box="[151,384,1414,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="D4C73C92FFCEE14AFE24FA1097F80A59" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071304331" collectingDate="1983-07-09" collectingDateMax="2015-07-29" collectingDateMin="1983-07-09" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Idaho &amp; J. Kuwabara" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" location="Sapporo City" municipality="Tsukisamu" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-immature="8" stateProvince="Hokkaido">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFE24FA10949609C8" bold="true" box="[390,463,1414,1440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="1CB8765FFFCEE14AFE24FA10949609C8" box="[390,463,1414,1440]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 1 mature specimen, a spring-fed stream in the 
<collectingRegion id="A66BF82DFFCEE14AFC7DFA10911409C8" box="[991,1101,1414,1440]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="8D714E43FFCEE14AFBF6FA10947309AC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">National Agricultural Experiment Station</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="8474ACB5FFCEE14AFE94FA3C94EB09AC" box="[310,434,1450,1476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tsukisamu</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFE1CFA3C970C09AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFE1CFA3C970C09AC" box="[446,597,1450,1476]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="Sapporo City" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Sapporo City</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="A66BF82DFFCEE14AFDC0FA3C978A09AC" box="[610,723,1450,1476]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="1011100FFFCEE14AFD42FA3C963109AC" box="[736,872,1450,1476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1983-07-09">
<collectingDate id="0055E9E7FFCEE14AFD42FA3C963109AC" box="[736,872,1450,1476]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1983-07-09">9 July 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFCD6FA3C96FC09AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFCD6FA3C96FC09AC" box="[884,933,1450,1476]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="Two" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Two</location>
immature specimens, spring-fed 
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFA83FA3C90C509AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFA83FA3C90C509AC" box="[1313,1436,1450,1476]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="Ushiwatari" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Ushiwatari</location>
stream on 
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFEABFA5894D20980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFEABFA5894D20980" box="[265,395,1486,1512]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="Mt. Chokai" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Mt. Chokai</location>
, 
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFE31FA58974B0980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFE31FA58974B0980" box="[403,530,1486,1512]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="Yuza Town" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Yuza Town</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="A66BF82DFFCEE14AFDB9FA58965F0980" box="[539,774,1486,1512]" country="Japan" name="Yamagata" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yamagata Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="1011100FFFCEE14AFCADFA5896F80981" box="[783,929,1486,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2015-07-29">
<collectingDate id="0055E9E7FFCEE14AFCADFA5896F80981" box="[783,929,1486,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2015-07-29">29 July 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<specimenCount id="72A9FD46FFCEE14AFC08FA5891700980" box="[938,1065,1486,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="immature">5 immature</specimenCount>
specimens, a brook in Ozegahara Mire, 
<collectingRegion id="A66BF82DFFCEE14AFF78FA6494F00A64" box="[218,425,1522,1548]" country="Japan" name="Gunma" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Gunma Prefecture</collectingRegion>
, 
<date id="1011100FFFCEE14AFE11FA6497620A64" box="[435,571,1522,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1998-05-08">
<collectingDate id="0055E9E7FFCEE14AFE11FA6497620A64" box="[435,571,1522,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1998-05-08">8 May 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFDE7FA6497AE0A64" bold="true" box="[581,759,1522,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFDE7FA6497AE0A64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFDE7FA6497AE0A64" box="[581,759,1522,1548]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="North America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">North America</location>
</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="72A9FD46FFCEE14AFCA7FA6496DD0A64" box="[773,900,1522,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="immature">3 immature</specimenCount>
specimens, 
<location id="61706014FFCEE14AFBA9FA6491A80A64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC0687D9FFCEE148FF35FB2E94B90921:61706014FFCEE14AFBA9FA6491A80A64" box="[1035,1265,1522,1548]" country="Japan" county="National Agricultural Experiment Station" municipality="Tsukisamu" name="Coeur d'Alene Lake" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Coeur d’Alene Lake</location>
, 
<collectorName id="C95A5319FFCEE14AFB58FA6490640A64" box="[1274,1341,1522,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Idaho</collectorName>
, 
<date id="1011100FFFCEE14AFAE5FA64958B0A58" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-06-24">
<collectingDate id="0055E9E7FFCEE14AFAE5FA64958B0A58" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-06-24">24 June 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll. 
<collectorName id="C95A5319FFCEE14AFEB7F98094F80A58" box="[277,417,1558,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Kuwabara</collectorName>
(S. 
<collectionCode id="02BEAE0AFFCEE14AFE66F98094850A58" box="[452,476,1558,1584]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Fend collection)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2CB56544FFCEE14BFF65F9AC90D30DE1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCEE14AFF65F9AC970A0A3C" bold="true" box="[199,595,1594,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description of Japanese material.</emphasis>
A live (incomplete) individual 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCEE14AFC09F9AC96A00A3C" box="[939,1017,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCEE14AFBC6F9AC919F0A3C" box="[1124,1222,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
wide in preclitellar segments, segments 42+. Body light red when living. Prostomium conical (
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCEE14AFC41F9C891600A10" box="[995,1081,1630,1656]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). No distinct secondary annulations. Pharynx in II–III, covered with a thin layer of pharyngeal glands. Chloragogen cells from VI on, thinly covering gut. No stomachal dilatation. Transverse blood vessels forming loops in II–VII, thick in VIII and IX. Individuals living in soft mud tube with adherent foreign matter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCEE14AFF65F97897D80BD4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1414,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Chaetae all crotchets, with form, size and number not different between dorsal and ventral bundles. Those in anterior segments (II–V or II–VI, 
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCEE14AFDB9F88497CD0B44" box="[539,660,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
) slightly longer than the following ones, 7–9 per bundle, 
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long, with distal nodulus and with rudimentary upper tooth or simple pointed distal end; those from VI or VII on (
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCEE14AFF02F8CC94560B1C" box="[160,271,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3D,E</figureCitation>
) 4–6 per bundle, 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCEE14AFE77F8CC97100B1C" box="[469,585,1882,1908]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="48.0">48–62 µm</quantity>
long. Nodulus at 1/3 from distal end, and distal end brush-like with a series of teeth gradually decreasing in size from lower to upper (
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCEE14AFC83F8E896CF0BF0" box="[801,918,1918,1944]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,788,812]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,765]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,166,765]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook, from Sapporo, Japan.SEM photomicrographs of dorsal chaetal bundle (A) and two chaetae (B) in a mid- segment." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671504/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4A,B</figureCitation>
). No lateral expansions in the chaetal shafts in any segments. No modified genital chaetae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCEE14BFF65F85090D30DE1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1414,2016]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Clitellum surround the segments from beginning of X to end of XII, with the wall 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCEE14AFB23F85091AF0B88" box="[1153,1270,1990,2016]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="16.0">16–30 µm</quantity>
thick. Gonads and copulatory organs paired (
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCFE14BFE57FF01970B0CD9" box="[501,594,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Testes and ovaries attached respectively to posterior sides of septa 9/10 and 10/11. Male funnels large. Vasa deferentia short and not winding, 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFC0DFF2D915F0CBD" box="[943,1030,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="240.0">240 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFBD5FF2D91980CBD" box="[1143,1217,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
wide, connected to apical end of atrium. Atria bean-shaped, 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFDFCFF4897EC0C91" box="[606,693,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFC86FF4996340C91" box="[804,877,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 µm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Prostate glands as large as atria. Ejaculatory ducts not detected. Penes 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFDDCFE95979F0D75" box="[638,710,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 µm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFCAFFE95960C0D75" box="[781,853,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 µm</quantity>
wide, two-layered with ordinary cuticular covering, and separate openings lateral to ventral chaetal line at middle of XI. Spermathecae in X, small (
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCFE14BFB65FEB190780D29" box="[1223,1313,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
); ampullae ovoid in shape, 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFEE7FEDD94D50D0D" box="[325,396,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 µm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFE55FEDC97660D0D" box="[503,575,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 µm</quantity>
wide; ducts stout and well-marked off from the ampullae, about 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFAAAFEDD90070D0D" box="[1288,1374,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="A3579B2AFFCFE14BFF35FEF894530DE1" box="[151,266,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 µm</quantity>
wide, opening laterally at middle of X. Sperm sac in X. Egg sac observed to extend as far back as XII.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="30D06647FFCFE14BFF35FB5F962E0942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" targetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCFE14BFF35FB5F962E0942" blockId="5.[151,1436,1225,1322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFF35FB5F944B0889" bold="true" box="[151,274,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFEBAFB5F979E0889" authority="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[280,711,1225,1249]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFEBAFB5F94A60889" box="[280,511,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
Brinkhurst &amp; Cook
</taxonomicName>
from Sapporo, Japan. 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFC08FB5F96E50889" bold="true" box="[938,956,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
, dorsal chaeta in III; 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFB30FB5F91FA0889" bold="true" box="[1170,1187,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFB71FB5F91BC0889" bold="true" box="[1235,1253,1225,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFDFFFB7B9736096D" bold="true" box="[605,623,1261,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFC65FB7B9681096D" bold="true" box="[967,984,1261,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</emphasis>
, the same in a posterior segment; 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFA94FB7B901C096D" bold="true" box="[1334,1349,1261,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">F</emphasis>
, sagittal section of anterior segments; 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFE63FA87948C0941" bold="true" box="[449,469,1297,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
, parasagittal section of genital segments.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2CB56544FFCFE148FF65FAC1962E0825" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCFE14BFF65FAC191450AB1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1367,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFF65FAC1946D0919" bold="true" box="[199,308,1367,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
. All essential characteristics of the present Japanese material agree well with the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCFE14BFF3DFAED94E009FE" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[159,441,1403,1430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref19272" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst &amp; Cook 1966</bibRefCitation>
), the only account prior to this paper (subsequent accounts summarize data of the original description). Spermathecae were &quot;not observed&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCFE14BFD1FFA0996A609D1" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[701,1023,1439,1465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref19272" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst &amp; Cook 1966: 19</bibRefCitation>
) in the original material, whereas the single sexually mature Japanese specimen available to us had one pair of spermathecae. The spermathecal ampullae of the present material were small, but they contained sperm masses (
<figureCitation id="FC942A4AFFCFE14BFC39FA7196A80A69" box="[923,1009,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,425,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-154@5.[151,1436,417,1202]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aulodrilus americanus Brinkhurst &amp; Cook from Sapporo, Japan. A, dorsal chaeta in III; B and C variation of distal ends of dorsal chaetae in anterior segments; D, dorsal chaeta in a mid-segment; E, the same in a posterior segment; F, sagittal section of anterior segments; G, parasagittal section of genital segments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671500/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
) and hence can be considered as completely formed. Occasional absence of spermathecae has been observed in other tubificines, for example, in 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFAE8F99D95BA0A21" authority="tubifex" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Tubifex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tubifex">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFAE8F99D95BA0A21" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tubifex tubifex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFF50F9B997F50A21" authority="(Brinkhurst 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Brinkhurst" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[242,684,1583,1609]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Ilyodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="templetoni">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFF50F9B994850A21" box="[242,476,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ilyodrilus templetoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCFE14BFE48F9B997FD0A21" author="Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[490,676,1583,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="444 - 625" refId="ref19049" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1971) Part 2. Systematics, 8. Family Tubificidae. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Jamieson, B. G. M. (Eds.), &quot; Aquatic Oligochaeta of the World &quot;. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, pp. 444 - 625." type="book chapter" year="1971">Brinkhurst 1971</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and in 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFCA2F9B991F20A21" authority="(Brinkhurst 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Brinkhurst" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[768,1195,1583,1609]" class="Clitellata" family="Tubificidae" genus="Teneridrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="mastix">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFCA2F9B996810A21" box="[768,984,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Teneridrilus mastix</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCFE14BFC45F9B991FA0A21" author="Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[999,1187,1583,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="2166 - 2175" refId="ref19110" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1978) Freshwater Oligochaeta in Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 2166 - 2175. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 78 - 292" type="journal article" year="1978">Brinkhurst 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and absence of spermathecae may be an intraspecific variation also in this species. Furthermore, 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCFE14BFC5CF9C590700A06" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[1022,1321,1619,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref19272" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst &amp; Cook (1966)</bibRefCitation>
described eversible pseudopenes in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFD43F9E196B80AF9" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[737,993,1655,1681]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFD43F9E196B80AF9" box="[737,993,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the present new material has true penes as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCFE14BFE0CF90D97AD0ADD" author="Baker, H. R. &amp; Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[430,756,1691,1717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="936 - 965" refId="ref18767" refString="Baker, H. R. &amp; Brinkhurst, R. O. (1981) A revision of the genus Monopylephorus and redefinition of the subfamilies Rhyacodrilinae and Branchiurinae (Tubifcidae: Oligochaeta). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 936 - 965. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 81 - 134" type="journal article" year="1981">Baker and Brinkhurst (1981)</bibRefCitation>
, because they are two-layered, solid structures, composed of the wall of the penial sac and end of the atrial wall, and have cuticular coverings
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCFE14BFF65F97590D80B2D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1367,1862]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The segmental position of the genital organs in 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFD52F97296CC0A95" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[752,917,1764,1790]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFD52F97296CC0A95" box="[752,917,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not originally described, but the present specimen has genital organs located int the normal position of 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFCE8F89196930B49" box="[842,970,1799,1825]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tubificinae">Tubificinae</taxonomicName>
(male pores and spermathecal pores in XI and X, respectively). Unlike many other 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCFE14BFDC2F8BD978F0B2D" authorityName="Bretscher" authorityYear="1899" box="[608,726,1835,1861]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCFE14BFDC2F8BD978F0B2D" box="[608,726,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aulodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, extra testes were not found in the present specimen.
</paragraph>
<caption id="30D06647FFCCE148FF35FC8297090F39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4671504" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4671504" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4671504/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,250,788,812]" targetBox="[151,1436,166,765]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCCE148FF35FC8297090F39" blockId="6.[151,1436,788,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FF35FC82944A0F44" bold="true" box="[151,275,788,812]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FEBBFC8397920F45" authority="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[281,715,789,813]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FEBBFC8394A60F44" box="[281,511,789,813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
Brinkhurst &amp; Cook
</taxonomicName>
, from Sapporo, Japan.SEM photomicrographs of dorsal chaetal bundle (
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FF02FCAE95EB0F38" bold="true" box="[160,178,824,848]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
) and two chaetae (
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FED1FCAF94DD0F39" bold="true" box="[371,388,825,849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
) in a mid- segment.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCCE148FF65FCE9962E0825" blockId="6.[151,1437,895,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FF65FCE994C10FF1" author="Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. &amp; Xie, Z. C." box="[199,408,895,921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="54 - 61" refId="ref20318" refString="Liang, Y. L., Wang, H. Z. &amp; Xie, Z. C. (1998) Studies on the aquatic Oligochaeta of China. IV. Diagnoses of new records and rare species of Naididae and Tubificidae. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 22, 54 - 61. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1998">
Liang 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FEADFC16941E0FF1" box="[271,327,895,921]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
showed no split of distal ends of chaetae and depicted a membrane between short upper and long lower teeth of chaetae from X on in their 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FD05FC3596F10FD5" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[679,936,931,957]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FD05FC3596F10FD5" box="[679,936,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aulodrilus americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="1CB8765FFFCCE148FC4FFC35916D0FD5" box="[1005,1076,931,957]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">China</collectingCountry>
. The brush-like form of chaetae in 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FF17FC5194010F89" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[181,344,967,993]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FF17FC5194010F89" box="[181,344,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized in observation without high magnifications, and such chaetae appear from VI or VII. 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FF48FC7D94D5086D" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[234,396,1003,1029]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FF48FC7D94D5086D" box="[234,396,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FDB9FC7D97B4086D" author="Liang, Y. L. &amp; Wang, H. Z. &amp; Xie, Z. C." box="[539,749,1003,1029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="54 - 61" refId="ref20318" refString="Liang, Y. L., Wang, H. Z. &amp; Xie, Z. C. (1998) Studies on the aquatic Oligochaeta of China. IV. Diagnoses of new records and rare species of Naididae and Tubificidae. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 22, 54 - 61. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1998">
Liang 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FDC1FC7A97C5086D" box="[611,668,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
might not be 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FC2BFC7D9175086D" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[905,1068,1003,1029]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FC2BFC7D9175086D" box="[905,1068,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The taxonomic position of their 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FF35FB9994600841" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,313,1039,1065]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FF35FB9994600841" box="[151,313,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be considered provisional until the segmental location and accurate structure of the different 
<typeStatus id="BB14886DFFCCE148FF35FBA5958B0825" box="[151,210,1075,1101]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
of chaetae has been reinvestigated in the reference material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CB56544FFCCE148FF65FBC094B90921" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="641036CFFFCCE148FF65FBC094B90921" blockId="6.[151,1437,895,1353]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FF65FBC094000818" bold="true" box="[199,345,1110,1136]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
. This species has been recorded in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FC0FFBC191960819" author="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G." box="[941,1231,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref19272" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1966) Studies on the North American aquatic Oligochaeta. III. Lumbriculidae and additional notes and records of other families. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 118, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1966">Brinkhurst &amp; Cook 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FB7EFBC190C10819" author="Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[1244,1432,1111,1137]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref19006" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1967) The distribution of aquatic oligochaetes in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Limnology and Oceanography, 12, 137 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 1967.12.1.0137" type="journal article" year="1967">Brinkhurst 1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FF35FBED958B08FD" author="Brinkhurst, R. O." box="[151,210,1147,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="2166 - 2175" refId="ref19110" refString="Brinkhurst, R. O. (1978) Freshwater Oligochaeta in Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 2166 - 2175. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 78 - 292" type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FF7CFBED94DA08FD" author="Hiltunen, J. K." box="[222,387,1147,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="433 - 454" refId="ref19962" refString="Hiltunen, J. K. (1967) Some oligochaetes from Lake Michigan. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 86, 433 - 454. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224267" type="journal article" year="1967">Hiltunen 1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FE2CFBED949008FD" author="Hiltunen, J. K." box="[398,457,1147,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="260 - 264" refId="ref20000" refString="Hiltunen, J. K. (1969) Distribution of oligochaetes in western Lake Erie, 1961. Limnology and Oceanography, 14, 260 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 1969.14.2.0260" type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FE74FBED979B08FE" author="Stimpson, K. S. &amp; Brice, J. R. &amp; Barbour, M. S. &amp; Nalco, P. H." box="[470,706,1147,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="384 - 394" refId="ref21665" refString="Stimpson, K. S., Brice, J. R., Barbour, M. S. &amp; Nalco, P. H. (1975) Distribution and abundance of inshore oligochaetes in Lake Michigan. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 94, 384 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3225503" type="journal article" year="1975">
Stimpson 
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FDE5FBEA97D908FD" box="[583,640,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
1975
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FD6CFBED963008FD" author="Spencer, D. R." box="[718,873,1147,1173]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="115 - 164" refId="ref21511" refString="Spencer, D. R. (1980) The aquatic Oligochaeta of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes region. In: Brinkhurst, R. O. &amp; Cook, D. G. (Eds.), Aquatic Oligochaete Biology. Plenum, New York, p. 115 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 3048 - 6 _ 8" type="book chapter" year="1980">Spencer 1980</bibRefCitation>
) and in 
<collectingCountry id="1CB8765FFFCCE148FC64FBED915F08FD" box="[966,1030,1147,1173]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Ohtaka, unpublished data in 
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FAFBFBED958608D1" author="Timm, T." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="67 - 81" refId="ref21813" refString="Timm, T. (1999 a). Distribution of freshwater oligochaetes in the west and east coastal regions of the North Pacific Ocean. Hydrobiologia, 406, 67 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003749519662" type="journal article" year="1999">Timm 1999a</bibRefCitation>
), showing circum-Pacific distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="003E4B3EFFCCE148FD3BFB09966908D1" author="Timm, T." box="[665,816,1183,1209]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="67 - 81" refId="ref21813" refString="Timm, T. (1999 a). Distribution of freshwater oligochaetes in the west and east coastal regions of the North Pacific Ocean. Hydrobiologia, 406, 67 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003749519662" type="journal article" year="1999">Timm 1999a</bibRefCitation>
). These records are formally the first of this species in 
<collectingCountry id="1CB8765FFFCCE148FF35FB55958308B5" box="[151,218,1219,1245]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
. The Japanese habitats were cool waters, including spring-fed streams in Sapporo (water temperature 10.5°C), Ushiwatari stream in Yuza Town (12.3 °C), and a brook in a sphagnum bog of Ozegahara Mire, 
<collectingRegion id="A66BF82DFFCCE148FB6BFB7190C00969" box="[1225,1433,1255,1281]" country="Japan" name="Gunma" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gunma Prefecture</collectingRegion>
. Differing from many other 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FE67FA9D9762094D" authorityName="Bretscher" authorityYear="1899" box="[453,571,1291,1317]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FE67FA9D9762094D" box="[453,571,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Aulodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species living in warm waters, the preference of 
<taxonomicName id="A3AF4D4CFFCCE148FBF5FA9D91A1094D" authorityName="Brinkhurst &amp; Cook. Comparison" authorityYear="1966" box="[1111,1272,1291,1317]" class="Clitellata" family="Randiellidae" genus="Aulodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="56DBEADDFFCCE148FBF5FA9D91A1094D" box="[1111,1272,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for cool-water habitats is apparently unique.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>