368 lines
59 KiB
XML
368 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BAD2A3B990CD5546E27F9B260C06B076">Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="35A9DFB3B6F1EA574B4E7F737DAFE27D">Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="989EA7066409FB2E49083045FD5C870C">Moura, Rafael Bendayan De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="35D154BDB6DE4E6494AD62488A318D4A">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75B47607B65F2F36330F16F9F52728FD">Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C4255B094E22FFFFFF551999FC17FD16" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971004" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154508461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5971004" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4255B094E22FFFFFF551999FC17FD16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4255B094E22FFFFFF551999FC17FD16" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFCFF551999FD21FD76" box="[151,693,686,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF551999FD21FD76" blockId="17.[151,693,686,746]" box="[151,693,686,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="177B5D734E22FFFCFF551999FD21FD76" bold="true" box="[151,693,686,712]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF551999FD21FD76" authority="(A. Agassiz, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,693,686,712]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF551999FD21FD76" bold="true" box="[151,693,686,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF551999FE5BFD76" bold="true" box="[151,463,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plesiodiadema antillarum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFE1D1999FD38FD76" author="Agassiz, A." box="[479,684,686,712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="69 - 84" refId="ref46172" refString="Agassiz, A. (1880) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea in 1878 - 79, and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake ". IX. Preliminary report on the Echini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8, 69 - 84. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95375 # page / 81 / mode / 1 up (accessed 31 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1880">A. Agassiz, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFCFF5519E6FEA6FD54" box="[151,306,721,746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF5519E6FEA6FD54" blockId="17.[151,693,686,746]" box="[151,306,721,746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFF5519E6FF61FD54" box="[151,245,721,746]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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A–G
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFCFF55182EFD7CFC77" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF55182EFD3AFC91" blockId="17.[151,1436,793,969]" box="[151,686,793,815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF55182EFD15FC91" authority="A. Agassiz, 1880: 73" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="73" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,641,793,815]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Aspidodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF55182EFE32FC91" box="[151,422,793,815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Aspidodiadema antillarum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFE6E182DFD15FC91" author="Agassiz, A." box="[428,641,793,815]" page="73" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1880">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFE6E182DFDCAFC91" author="Agassiz, A." box="[428,606,793,815]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="69 - 84" refId="ref46172" refString="Agassiz, A. (1880) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea in 1878 - 79, and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake ". IX. Preliminary report on the Echini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8, 69 - 84. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95375 # page / 81 / mode / 1 up (accessed 31 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1880">A. Agassiz, 1880</bibRefCitation>
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: 73
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–74.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF55180FFD0FFCF0" blockId="17.[151,1436,793,969]" box="[151,667,824,846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E22FFFCFF55180FFD0FFCF0" box="[151,667,824,846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF55180FFD03FCF0" authority="A. Agassiz, 1898: 76" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,663,824,846]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Dermatodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF55180FFE2DFCF0" box="[151,441,824,846]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dermatodiadema antillarum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFE7D180FFD03FCF0" author="Agassiz, A." box="[447,663,824,846]" page="76" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1898">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFE7D180FFDE5FCF0" author="Agassiz, A." box="[447,625,824,846]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="71 - 86" refId="ref46483" refString="Agassiz, A. (1898) Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission Streamer " Albatross ", during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding. XXIII. Preliminary report on the Echini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 32, 71 - 86. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30426278 # page / 185 / mode / 1 up (accessed 14 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1898">A. Agassiz, 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 76
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF551861FA1FFCD2" blockId="17.[151,1436,793,969]" box="[151,1419,854,876]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E22FFFCFF551861FA1FFCD2" box="[151,1419,854,876]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF551861FCD5FCD2" authority="Mortensen, 1904: 37" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,833,854,876]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Dermatodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum" subGenus="Plesiodiadema">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF551861FEDCFCD2" box="[151,328,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dermatodiadema</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFE951861FE79FCD2" box="[343,493,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plesiodiadema</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFE3E1861FDF3FCD2" box="[508,615,854,876]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">antillarum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFDAF1860FCD5FCD2" author="Mortensen, T." box="[621,833,854,876]" page="37" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFDAF1860FC88FCD2" author="Mortensen, T." box="[621,796,854,876]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref60554" refString="Mortensen, T. (1904) The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 - 1900. III. Echinoidea (1). Kongelige Danske Videnskabelige Selskabs. Skrifter, Series 7, 1, 1 - 124. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7323340 # page / 21 / mode / 1 up (accessed 14 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1904">Mortensen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 37
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 3, fig. 18, pl. 4, figs 8, 16, 29, 33, 35, pl. 5, figs 4, 32.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF551842FA04FC35" blockId="17.[151,1436,793,969]" box="[151,1424,885,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E22FFFCFF551842FA04FC35" box="[151,1424,885,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF551842FDE3FC35" authority="H. L. Clark, 1925: 39" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,631,885,907]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF551842FE0BFC35" box="[151,415,885,907]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plesiodiadema antillarum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFE671841FDE3FC35" author="Clark, H. L." box="[421,631,885,907]" page="39" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFE671841FDC0FC35" author="Clark, H. L." box="[421,596,885,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">H.L. Clark, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 39
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.–
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFD451842FCCFFC35" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[647,859,885,907]" page="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1966">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFD451842FCA3FC35" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[647,823,885,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi, 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 64–65.–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFC201842FA9AFC35" author="Campos, L. S. & Moura, R. B." box="[994,1294,885,907]" page="136" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2008">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFC201842FB4AFC35" author="Campos, L. S. & Moura, R. B." box="[994,1246,885,907]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="135 - 141" refId="ref49125" refString="Campos, L. S. & Moura, R. B. (2008) Macrostructure and evolution of the digestive system in Echinoida (Echinodermata). Zoomorphology, 127, 135 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 008 - 0058 - 4" type="journal article" year="2008">Campos & Moura, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 136
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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(table), 139.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF5518A3FD7CFC77" blockId="17.[151,1436,793,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E22FFFCFF5518A3FD7CFC77" infered="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF5518A3FD45FC14" authority="Mironov, 1981: 175" authorityName="Mironov" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,721,916,938]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF5518A3FE63FC14" box="[151,503,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plesiodiadema microtuberculatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E22FFFCFDC318A3FD45FC14" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[513,721,916,938]" page="175" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1981">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFDC318A3FD0AFC14" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[513,670,916,938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="174 - 182" refId="ref59819" refString="Mironov, A. N. (1981) Deep sea echinoids of the genus Plesiodiadema (Echinoidea, Aspidodiadematidae). Trudy Instituta Oceanologii, 115, 174 - 182." type="journal article" year="1981">Mironov, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 175
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–177, figs 1a, b, d, g, and 5, pl. 1, figs 5–6, pl. 2, figs 4, 6, 7 [not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFF051884FD49FC77" authority="A. Agassiz, 1879" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[199,733,947,969]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF051884FDB0FC77" box="[199,548,947,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plesiodiadema microtuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFDE81884FD49FC77" author="Agassiz, A." box="[554,733,947,969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="190 - 212" refId="ref46097" refString="Agassiz, A. (1879) Preliminary report on the Echini of the Exploring Expedition of H. M. S " Challenger ". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, New Series, 6, 190 - 212. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / proceedingsofame 14 amer # page / 199 / mode / 1 up (accessed 31 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1879">A. Agassiz, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFCFF5518C2FABDFBB0" box="[151,1321,1013,1038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF5518C2FABDFBB0" blockId="17.[151,1437,1013,2010]" box="[151,1321,1013,1038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF5518C2FE14FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,384,1013,1038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FCE4E0424E22FFFCFE4518C2FAB1FBB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029198788" box="[391,1317,1013,1038]" collectingDate="2011-05" location="Potiguar Basin" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E22FFFCFE4518C2FDE3FBB3" box="[391,631,1013,1038]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E22FFFCFE4518C2FD9DFBB0" box="[391,521,1013,1038]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Rio Grande" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rio Grande</collectingRegion>
|
||
do Norte
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
: 2 spms,
|
||
<location id="4953BCC44E22FFFCFD1C18C2FC12FBB0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4255B094E22FFFFFF551999FC17FD16:4953BCC44E22FFFCFD1C18C2FC12FBB0" box="[734,902,1013,1038]" name="Potiguar Basin" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Potiguar Basin</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="287635374E22FFFCFC5018C1FC77FBB0" box="[914,995,1014,1038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2011-05">
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E22FFFCFC5018C1FC77FBB0" box="[914,995,1014,1038]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2011-05">V.2011</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, 2094 m [UFPB/ECH.2293]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFCFF051F2EFCC6F960" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF051F2EFE54FA00" blockId="17.[151,1437,1013,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF051F2EFECDFB8C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1049,1074]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test small, high, spherical or ovoid, and fragile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFC4E1F2EFC5AFB8C" box="[908,974,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
A– C). Aboral surface slightly flattened. Apical system monocyclic, genital and ocular plates nearly uniform in size. Genital plate almost pentagonal, with large number of small tubercles. Gonopore large and located almost in centre of genital plate. Ocular plate slightly rectangular (with rounded corners), broader than genital plate, with large and some small tubercles. Periproct circular, with circle of periproctal plates of irregular sizes and densely covered by long spines surrounding anus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFF5D1FFAFE97FB58" box="[159,259,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacra narrow, with tubercles and spines much smaller than in interambulacra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFAEC1FFAFA04FB58" box="[1326,1424,1229,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interambulacra with two series of large, strongly crenulate primary tubercles, secondary tubercles small and uniform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFEC31E22FECEFA90" box="[257,346,1301,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacral plates simple (unigeminate). Primary spines very long, slender, glassy, verticillate, curved downwards and extremely fragile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFD4F1E0EFD79FAEC" box="[653,749,1337,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Secondary spines similar to primary spines, but shorter, thinner, and straighter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFE5D1E6AFD8FFAC8" box="[415,539,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tubercles perforate and crenulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFC791E6AFB81FAC8" box="[955,1045,1373,1398]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peristome with shallow, rounded buccal notches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFE931EB6FE3FFA24" box="[337,427,1409,1434]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ten large and naked buccal plates, covering nearly whole peristome, each with single buccal tube foot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFE991E92FE27FA00" box="[347,435,1445,1470]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF051EFEFE13F928" blockId="17.[151,1437,1013,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF051EFEFC7BFA5C" bold="true" box="[199,1007,1481,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Pedicellariae (description based on the figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFCE71EFEFC7BFA5C" author="Mortensen, T." box="[805,1007,1481,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref60554" refString="Mortensen, T. (1904) The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 - 1900. III. Echinoidea (1). Kongelige Danske Videnskabelige Selskabs. Skrifter, Series 7, 1, 1 - 124. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7323340 # page / 21 / mode / 1 up (accessed 14 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1904">Mortensen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). There are small and large forms of ophicephalous pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFE1D1EDAFDCCF9B8" box="[479,600,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The large form has pyramidal valves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFBDA1EDAFBE5F9B8" box="[1048,1137,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
), while the small form has short valves, with the distal portion diamond-shaped (with rounded corners) with serrate margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFB2D1D26FAD3F994" box="[1263,1351,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some small ophicephalous pedicellariae have a large, thin purse of tissue covering the stalk. Triphyllous pedicellariae elongate, with ovoid distal portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFDF31D6EFD12F9CC" box="[561,646,1625,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tridentate pedicellariae long, with stalk and neck long. Valve narrow and serrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E22FFFCFEE21D4AFEEFF928" box="[288,379,1661,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,248,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[193,1398,229,1905]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Morphological characters of Plesiodiadema antillarum (UFPB/ECH.2293). (A–G) and Cassidulus infidus (H–I). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view, arrow showing buccal plate; (C) Lateral view; (D–G) Illustrations of pedicellariae of P. antillarum from Mortensen (1904); (D) Valve of large form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (E) Valve of small form ophicephalous pedicellariae; (F) Valve of triphyllous pedicellariae; (G) Valve of tridentate pedicellariae; (H) Aboral view; (I) Oral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612574/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF051D96FCC6F960" blockId="17.[151,1437,1013,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF051D96FEB4F904" bold="true" box="[199,288,1697,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
When alive this species is light violet or greyish pink, with spines of the same tint (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFB121D95FA04F904" author="Agassiz, A." box="[1232,1424,1697,1722]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="69 - 84" refId="ref46172" refString="Agassiz, A. (1880) Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea in 1878 - 79, and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake ". IX. Preliminary report on the Echini. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8, 69 - 84. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 95375 # page / 81 / mode / 1 up (accessed 31 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="1880">A. Agassiz 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It may have a dark purplish red test and spines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFD6C1DF2FCD2F960" author="Schultz, H. A. G." box="[686,838,1733,1758]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="861 - 1338" refId="ref63183" refString="Schultz, H. A. G. (2011) Sea urchins III, Worldwide regular deep-water species. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 478 pp. [pp. 861 - 1338 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2011">Schultz 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFCFF051DDEFE6BF80B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFCFF051DDEFE6BF80B" blockId="17.[151,1437,1013,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF051DDEFEF4F8BC" bold="true" box="[199,352,1769,1794]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Amphiatlantic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFDD91DDDFCA6F8BC" author="Turner, R. L. & Graham, B. D." box="[539,818,1769,1794]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="61 - 81" refId="ref65877" refString="Turner, R. L. & Graham, B. D. (2003) Calocidaris micans (Cidaridae) and Pseudoboletia maculata (Toxopneustidae): additions to the sea urchin fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116 (1), 61 - 81. Available from: http: // biostor. org / reference / 76237 (accessed 10 July 2017)" type="journal article" year="2003">Turner & Graham 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the West Atlantic, from Florida, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFAFD1DDEFA03F8BC" box="[1343,1431,1769,1794]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFF551C3AFF7BF898" box="[151,239,1805,1830]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFEC31C3AFEFEF898" box="[257,362,1805,1830]" name="Bahamas" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFEBE1C3AFE2EF898" box="[380,442,1805,1830]" name="Cuba" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFE091C3AFD92F898" box="[459,518,1805,1830]" name="Haiti" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFDD51C3AFDE0F898" box="[535,628,1805,1830]" name="Jamaica" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFD441C3AFCEAF898" box="[646,894,1805,1830]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFC521C39FB8AF898" box="[912,1054,1805,1830]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFBED1C3AFB31F898" box="[1071,1189,1805,1830]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFB751C39FA85F898" box="[1207,1297,1806,1830]" name="Guyana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFA9A1C3AFA08F898" box="[1368,1436,1805,1830]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFF5C1C06FED3F8F4" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[158,327,1841,1866]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref59851" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic; onshore-offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Science Press Ltd., Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFE911C06FD2EF8F4" author="Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Gutierrez-Castro, A. I. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Torres-Veja, J." box="[339,698,1841,1866]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="69 - 108" refId="ref56460" refString="Laguarda-Figueras, A., Gutierrez-Castro, A. I., Solis-Marin, F. A., Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Torres-Veja, J. (2005 b) Equinoideos (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del Golfo de Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 69 - 108." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Laguarda-Figueras
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFDED1C05FDFDF8F4" box="[559,617,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFD0A1C06FCE7F8F4" author="Alvarado, J. J." box="[712,883,1841,1866]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="261 - 285" refId="ref47180" refString="Alvarado, J. J. (2011) Echinoderm diversity in the Caribbean Sea. Marine Biodiversity, 41, 261 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 010 - 0053 - 0" type="journal article" year="2011">Alvarado 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFC421C06FB19F8F4" author="Solis-Marin, F. A. & Alvarado, J. J. & Abreu-Perez, M. & Aguilera, O. & Alio, J. & Bacallado-Aranega, J. J. & Barraza, E. & Serrato, M. & Benitez-Villalobos, F. & Betancourt-Fernandez, L. & Borges, M. & Brandt, M. & Brogger, M. I. & Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Buitron-Sanchez, B. E. & Campos, L. S. & Cantera, J. & Clemente, S. & Cohen-Renjifo, M. & Coppard, S. & Costa-Lotufo, L. V. & Valle-Garcia, R. & Diaz, Y. & Diaz de Vivar, M. E. & Diaz-Martinez, J. P. & Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Epherra, L. & Escolar, M. & Francisco, V. & Freire, C. A. & Garcia-Arraras, E. & Gil, D. G. & Guarderas, P. & Hadel, V. F. & Hearn, A. & Hernandez, J. C. & Hernandez-Delgado, E. A. & Herrera-Moreno, A. & Herrero-Perezrul, M. D. & Hooker, Y. & Honey-Escandon, M. B. I. & Lodeiros, C. & Luzuriaga, M. & Manso, C. L. C. & Martin, A. & Martinez, M. I. & Martinez, S. & Moro-Abad, L. & Mutschke, E. & Navarro, J. C. & Neira, R. & Noriega, N. & Palleiro-Nayar, J. S. & Perez, A. F. & Perez-Ruzafa, A. & Prieto-Rios, E. & Reyes, J. & Rodriguez, R. & Rubilar, T. & Sancho-Mejia, T. & Sangil, C. & Silva, J. R. M. C. & Sonnenholzner, J. I. & Ventura, C. R. & Tablado, A. & Tavares, Y. & Tiago, C. G. & Tuya, F. & Williams, S. M." box="[896,1165,1841,1866]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="543 - 654" refId="ref63726" refString="Solis-Marin, F. A., Alvarado, J. J., Abreu-Perez, M., Aguilera, O., Alio, J., Bacallado-Aranega, J. J., Barraza, E., Benavides- Serrato, M., Benitez-Villalobos, F., Betancourt-Fernandez, L., Borges, M., Brandt, M., Brogger, M. I., Borrero-Perez, G. H., Buitron-Sanchez, B. E., Campos, L. S., Cantera, J., Clemente, S., Cohen-Renjifo, M., Coppard, S., Costa-Lotufo, L. V., del Valle-Garcia, R., Diaz, Y., Diaz de Vivar, M. E., Diaz-Martinez, J. P., Duran-Gonzalez, A., Epherra, L., Escolar, M., Francisco, V., Freire, C. A., Garcia-Arraras, E., Gil, D. G., Guarderas, P., Hadel, V. F., Hearn, A., Hernandez, J. C., Hernandez-Delgado, E. A., Herrera-Moreno, A., Herrero-Perezrul, M. D., Hooker, Y., Honey-Escandon, M. B. I., Lodeiros, C., Luzuriaga, M., Manso, C. L. C., Martin, A., Martinez, M. I., Martinez, S., Moro-Abad, L., Mutschke, E., Navarro, J. C., Neira, R., Noriega, N., Palleiro-Nayar, J. S., Perez, A. F., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Prieto-Rios, E., Reyes, J., Rodriguez, R., Rubilar, T., Sancho-Mejia, T., Sangil, C., Silva, J. R. M. C., Sonnenholzner, J. I., Ventura, C. R., Tablado, A., Tavares, Y., Tiago, C. G., Tuya, F. & Williams, S. M. (2013) Appendix. In: Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 543 - 654." type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Solís-Marín
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFBCC1C05FBDCF8F4" box="[1038,1096,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E22FFFCFB031C06FA9CF8F4" box="[1217,1288,1841,1866]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, only known from off Maceió (AL) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFE611C61FDF6F8D0" author="Clark, H. L." box="[419,610,1877,1902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">H.L. Clark 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We present herein the first record for the State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E22FFFCFB6E1C62FA08F8D3" box="[1196,1436,1877,1902]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Potiguar Basin). It occurs from
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E22FFFCFDC41C4DFD3EF82F" box="[518,682,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7835" metricValueMax="5.278" metricValueMin="0.289" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2783.5" valueMax="5278.0" valueMin="289.0">289 to 5278 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E22FFFCFD7B1C4EFBF8F82C" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[697,1132,1913,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref59851" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic; onshore-offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Science Press Ltd., Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006; Smithsonian Database</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from Potiguar Basin were collected at
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E22FFFCFE601CA9FE6EF80B" box="[418,506,1950,1974]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.094" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2094.0">2094 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E22FFFFFF051CF6FC17FD16" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E22FFFFFF051CF6FC1CFD83" blockId="17.[151,1437,1013,2010]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFF051CF6FEAFF864" bold="true" box="[199,315,1985,2010]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFE021CF6FDF3F864" box="[448,615,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Plesiodiadema</emphasis>
|
||
contains seven extant species, of which only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E22FFFCFBAD1CF5FA96F864" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[1135,1282,1985,2010]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E22FFFCFBAD1CF5FA96F864" box="[1135,1282,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Atlantic Ocean.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFE931BAFFD88FF0E" author="Mortensen, T. H." box="[337,540,152,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref60919" refString="Mortensen, T. H. (1940) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Aulodonta, with additions to Vol. II (Lepidocentra and Stirodonta). Vol III. 1. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 370 pp." type="book" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stressed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFD7A1BAEFCDFFF0E" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[696,843,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFD7A1BAEFCDFFF0E" box="[696,843,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFC471BAEFBE3FF0E" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" box="[901,1143,151,176]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFC471BAEFBE3FF0E" box="[901,1143,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. microtuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very similar, and that the differences between them are not clear. It is possible that they represent a single species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFB311B8BFA05FF6A" author="Schultz, H. A. G." box="[1267,1425,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="861 - 1338" refId="ref63183" refString="Schultz, H. A. G. (2011) Sea urchins III, Worldwide regular deep-water species. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 478 pp. [pp. 861 - 1338 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2011">Schultz 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, no study has been conducted to evaluate the taxonomic status of these taxa. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFB331BE8FA03FF46" author="Schultz, H. A. G." box="[1265,1431,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="861 - 1338" refId="ref63183" refString="Schultz, H. A. G. (2011) Sea urchins III, Worldwide regular deep-water species. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 478 pp. [pp. 861 - 1338 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="2011">Schultz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFF551A32FEBFFEA3" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,299,260,285]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFF551A32FEBFFEA3" box="[151,299,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its congeners by having only a few small periproctal plates lying in the centre of the membrane. Moreover, the coronal plates are less numerous than in other species of the genus and the shape of the tridentate pedicellariae is constant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFDF81A7AFC1EFEDB" authority="(Mironov 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Mironov" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[570,906,332,357]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFDF81A7AFD5FFEDB" box="[570,715,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFD181A7BFC16FEDB" author="Mironov, A. N." box="[730,898,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="96 - 133" refId="ref59851" refString="Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic; onshore-offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic seamounts. KMK Science Press Ltd., Moscow, pp. 96 - 133." type="book chapter" year="2006">Mironov 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFBED1A7AFB68FEDB" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1071,1276,332,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">H.L. Clark (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFF771A46FED2FE36" baseAuthorityName="Mironov" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[181,326,367,392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFF771A46FED2FE36" box="[181,326,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from H.M.S.
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFE261A58FD15FE36" box="[484,641,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">“Challenger”</emphasis>
|
||
St. 122 (off eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E21FFFFFCA61A58FC3EFE36" box="[868,938,367,392]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) is very young, and its identity therefore not certain.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFF371AA3FE1EFE13" author="Clark, H. L." box="[245,394,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarks that all specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E21FFFFFCA81AA3FC3AFE13" box="[874,942,404,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
were initially erroneously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFA451AA2FEFFFE6E" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1879" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="microtuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFA451AA2FEFFFE6E" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. microtuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the basis of the collected material, we confirm the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFB6A1A8EFAABFE6E" baseAuthorityName="Mironov" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1192,1343,439,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFB6A1A8EFAABFE6E" box="[1192,1343,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the Brazilian continental shelf. We note that Brazilian material has a slightly lower test than the specimens from the Caribbean.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFED81937FE7DFDA6" author="Agassiz, A." box="[282,489,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref46354" refString="Agassiz, A. (1883) Report on the Echini. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877 - 78) in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U. S. Coast survey steamer " Blake ". XXIV. Part I. Cambridge. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1), 1 - 94. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30719676 # page / 104 / mode / 1 up (accessed 21 October 2016)" type="journal article" year="1883">A. Agassiz (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not find noteworthy differences among young and adult individuals, and small differences were considered as related to ontogenetic development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E21FFFFFF051970FC17FD16" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFF051970FE07FDDE" bold="true" box="[199,403,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
There is little available information on the biology and ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFB02197EFAC3FDDE" baseAuthorityName="Mironov" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1216,1367,583,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFB02197EFAC3FDDE" box="[1216,1367,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species feeds on mud and detritus, and does not appear to ingest plant material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFBCD195BFB7FFD3B" author="Serafy, D. K. & Fell, F. J." box="[1039,1259,620,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref63362" refString="Serafy, D. K. & Fell, F. J. (1985) Marine flora and fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA Technical Report National Marine Fisheries Service, 33, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1985">Serafy & Fell 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFB34195AFA04FD3A" author="Pawson, D. L." box="[1270,1424,620,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="129 - 145" refId="ref61601" refString="Pawson, D. L. (1982) Papers from the Echinoderm Conference. 8. Deep-sea echinoderms in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas Islands: a survey, using the research submersible Alvin. Australian Museum Memoir, 16, 129 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.16.1982.362" type="journal article" year="1982">Pawson 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E21FFFFFF5519B8FEBFFD16" author="Emlet, R. B." box="[151,299,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="476 - 489" refId="ref52477" refString="Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Emlet (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E21FFFFFE0A19A6FDCDFD16" baseAuthorityName="Mironov" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[456,601,655,680]" class="Echinoidea" family="Aspidodiadematidae" genus="Plesiodiadema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antillarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E21FFFFFE0A19A6FDCDFD16" box="[456,601,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. antillarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has planktotrophic larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |