504 lines
69 KiB
XML
504 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C1CE68192632ADD11237161E6DF20DF9">Taxonomic guide and historical review of echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="117C06AF7F580AB707A07923645B730B">Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FB742E74E2845082FE6BD3170A0E54BA">Moura, Rafael Bendayan De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F4882B624F5C8CF62272E5B68A5AD8DF">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="C4255B094E1AFFC6FF551F61FBEFFE81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5971058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154508493" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5971058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4255B094E1AFFC6FF551F61FBEFFE81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4255B094E1AFFC6FF551F61FBEFFE81" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551F61FD8DFBCE" blockId="41.[151,537,1110,1170]" box="[151,537,1110,1136]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="177B5D734E1AFFC4FF551F61FD8DFBCE" bold="true" box="[151,537,1110,1136]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551F61FD8DFBCE" ID-CoL="43V2M" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,537,1110,1136]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551F61FD8DFBCE" bold="true" box="[151,537,1110,1136]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551F61FED6FBCE" bold="true" box="[151,322,1110,1136]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moira atropos</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FE901F61FD85FBCE" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[338,529,1110,1136]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref56558" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551F4EFEA3FB2C" blockId="41.[151,537,1110,1170]" box="[151,311,1145,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FF551F4EFE97FB2C" box="[151,259,1145,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figure 15</figureCitation>
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A–J
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<subSubSection id="0496B9944E1AFFC4FF551FF5FC1CFA72" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551FF5FDB4FB69" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,544,1217,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551FF5FD88FB69" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 32" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,540,1217,1239]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551FF5FEC0FB69" box="[151,340,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Spatangus atropos</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FE9B1FF6FD88FB69" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[345,540,1217,1239]" page="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1816">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FE9B1FF6FE62FB69" author="Lamarck, J. B." box="[345,502,1217,1239]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref56558" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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: 32
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551FD7FD8FFB48" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,539,1248,1270]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551FD7FD8FFB48" box="[151,539,1248,1270]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551FD7FD83FB48" authority="Gray, 1825: 8" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,535,1248,1270]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Echinocardium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551FD7FE11FB48" box="[151,389,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Echinocardium atropos</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FE491FD7FD83FB48" author="Gray, J. E." box="[395,535,1248,1270]" page="8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1825">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FE491FD7FE6AFB48" author="Gray, J. E." box="[395,510,1248,1270]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="423 - 431" refId="ref54469" refString="Gray, J. E. (1825) An attempt to divide the Echinida or sea-eggs into natural families. Annales de Philosophie, 26, 423 - 431. Available from: https: // archive. org / stream / annalsofphilosop 10 lond # page / 430 / mode / 2 up (accessed 26 April 2017)" type="journal article" year="1825">Gray, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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: 8
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551FC9FD19FAAA" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,653,1278,1301]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551FC9FD19FAAA" box="[151,653,1278,1301]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551FC9FD1CFAAA" ID-CoL="6XVGW" authority="L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846: 22" authorityName="L. Agassiz & Desor" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,648,1278,1301]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551FC9FEC5FAAB" box="[151,337,1278,1301]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Schizaster atropos</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FE9A1FC8FD1CFAAA" author="Agassiz, L. & Desor, P. J. E." box="[344,648,1278,1300]" page="22" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1846">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FE9A1FC8FDF7FAAA" author="Agassiz, L. & Desor, P. J. E." box="[344,611,1278,1300]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="305 - 374" refId="ref46994" refString="Agassiz, L. & Desor, P. J. E. (1846) Catalogue raisonne des familles, des genres, et des especes de la classe des echinodermes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisieme Serie, Zoologie, 6, 305 - 374. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47986 # page / 311 / mode / 1 up (accessed 5 March 2017)" type="journal article" year="1846">L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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: 22
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551E2AFD8CFA8D" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,536,1309,1331]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551E2AFD8CFA8D" box="[151,536,1309,1331]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551E2AFD81FA8D" ID-CoL="6XVHL" authority="Girard, 1850: 368" authorityName="Girard" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,533,1309,1331]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="lachesis">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551E2AFEC3FA8D" box="[151,343,1309,1331]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Schizaster lachesis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FE9F1E2AFD81FA8D" author="Girard, C." box="[349,533,1309,1331]" page="368" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1850">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FE9F1E2AFE76FA8D" author="Girard, C." box="[349,482,1309,1331]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref53346" refString="Girard, C. (1850) Observations upon Planarian Worms, with descriptions of several new species of Echinoderms. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 363 - 368." type="journal article" year="1850">Girard, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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: 368
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551E0AFD88FAEC" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,540,1340,1362]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551E0AFD88FAEC" box="[151,540,1340,1362]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551E0AFD8CFAEC" ID-CoL="73MYM" authority="A. Agassiz, 1863: 278" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="278" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,536,1340,1362]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551E0AFEB9FAEC" box="[151,301,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moera atropos</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FEF11E0BFD8CFAEC" author="Agassiz, A." box="[307,536,1340,1362]" page="278" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1863">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FEF11E0BFE71FAEC" author="Agassiz, A." box="[307,485,1340,1362]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref45904" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1863">A. Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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: 278
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551E6CFC7BFA31" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551E6CFC7BFA31" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551E6CFD8FFACE" ID-CoL="43V2M" authority="A. Agassiz, 1872: 146" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,539,1370,1392]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
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<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551E6CFEBFFACE" box="[151,299,1371,1392]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moira atropos</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FEF01E6CFD8FFACE" author="Agassiz, A." box="[306,539,1370,1392]" page="146" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1872">
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<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FEF01E6CFE73FACE" author="Agassiz, A." box="[306,487,1370,1392]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref46037" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (3), 379 - 628." type="journal article" year="1872">A. Agassiz, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 146
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 23.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FDBD1E6DFCD3FACE" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[639,839,1370,1392]" page="5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1958">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FDBD1E6DFCA4FACE" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[639,816,1370,1392]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref65104" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1958 a) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. II. Diadematidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae, Cidaroidae (Echinoidea) e Asteroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 2, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1958">Tommasi, 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–6, pl. 1, fig. 3.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FBC31E6DFB01FACE" author="Brito, I. M." box="[1025,1173,1370,1392]" page="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FBC31E6DFBEFFACE" author="Brito, I. M." box="[1025,1147,1370,1392]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48633" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de Catalogo dos Equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Brito, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; 1968: 30, pl. 15, figs 5– 6.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FF331E4EFE58FA31" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[241,460,1401,1423]" page="65" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1955">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FF331E4EFE3CFA31" author="Bernasconi, I." box="[241,424,1401,1423]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="51 - 57" refId="ref47845" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1955) Equinoideos y Asteroideos de la Coleccion del Instituto Oceanografico de la Univerdidad de San Pablo. Primera contribucion. Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 6 (1 - 2), 51 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241955000100002" type="journal article" year="1955">Bernasconi, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–67, pl. 4, figs 1–2.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FD661E4EFC0FFA31" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[676,923,1401,1423]" page="11" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FD661E4EFCECFA31" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[676,888,1401,1423]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref61513" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FCC01E4DFCA2FA31" box="[770,822,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 11
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4h.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551EAEFC20FA10" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,948,1432,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551EAEFC20FA10" box="[151,948,1432,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551EAEFD94FA10" ID-CoL="43V2N" authority="H. L. Clark, 1933: 89" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,512,1432,1454]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551EAEFEBDFA10" box="[151,297,1433,1454]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moira atropus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FEED1EAEFD94FA10" author="Clark, H. L." box="[303,512,1432,1454]" page="89" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1933">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FEED1EAEFE4BFA10" author="Clark, H. L." box="[303,479,1432,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 147" refId="ref50314" refString="Clark, H. L. (1933) A handbook of the littoral echinoderms of Porto Rico and the other West Indies Islands. New York Academy Science Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, 16, 1 - 147." type="journal article" year="1933">H.L. Clark, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 89
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FDDC1EAFFD66FA10" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[542,754,1432,1454]" page="19" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1966">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FDDC1EAFFD5AFA10" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[542,718,1432,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref65269" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1966 a) Lista dos Equinoides recentes do Brasil. Contribuicoes do Instituto Oceanografico, Serie Oceanografia Biologica, 11, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1966">Tommasi, 1966a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 19
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 40, 80, pl. 5a.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551E8FFC1CFA72" blockId="41.[151,1436,1217,1485]" box="[151,904,1462,1485]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6C9CCD314E1AFFC4FF551E8FFC1CFA72" box="[151,904,1462,1485]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E1AFFC4FF551E8FFDF0FA72" ID-CoL="43V2M" authority="Mortensen, 1951: 329" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,612,1462,1485]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos" subGenus="Moira">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551E8FFF42FA73" box="[151,214,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moira</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF271E8FFEB0FA73" box="[229,292,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Moira</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FEF11E8FFEEBFA73" box="[307,383,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">atropos</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FE471E80FDF0FA72" author="Mortensen, T." box="[389,612,1462,1484]" page="329" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1951">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FE471E80FDA0FA72" author="Mortensen, T." box="[389,564,1462,1484]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref61186" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. Part 2. Spatangoida 2. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 329
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.―
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CD2DCC0E4E1AFFC4FD401E81FCC5FA72" author="Devaney, D. M." box="[642,849,1462,1484]" page="127" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E1AFFC4FD401E81FC8BFA72" author="Devaney, D. M." box="[642,799,1462,1484]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="122 - 164" refId="ref51842" refString="Devaney, D. M. (1974) Shallow-water Echinoderms from British Honduras, with a description of a new species of Ophiocoma (Ophiuroidea). Bulletin of Marine Science, 24 (1), 122 - 164." type="journal article" year="1974">Devaney, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 127
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 158.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E1AFFC4FF551ECEFE30F9E4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF551ECEFE30F9E4" blockId="41.[151,1437,1529,2022]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF551ECEFE15F9AC" bold="true" box="[151,385,1529,1554]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E1AFFC4FE481ECEFE77F9AC" box="[394,483,1529,1554]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
: 2 spms, Atalaia Beach, Aracaju [UFSITAB-118]. Complementary material: 1 spm, São Sebastião Beach,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FCE4E0424E1AFFC4FE5A1D29FB4AF988" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029199649" box="[408,1246,1565,1590]" collectingDate="1955-10" collectionCode="MZUSP" latitude="-22.5" location="Sao Paulo" longLatPrecision="1260" longitude="-41.383335" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E1AFFC4FE5A1D29FD9BF988" box="[408,527,1565,1590]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="287635374E1AFFC4FDDF1D2AFDE4F988" box="[541,624,1565,1590]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1955-10">
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E1AFFC4FDDF1D2AFDE4F988" box="[541,624,1565,1590]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1955-10">X.1955</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="2A9D72DA4E1AFFC4FD431D29FD75F988" box="[641,737,1566,1590]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
, without voucher]; 1 spm,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E1AFFC4FBDE1D2AFBE7F988" box="[1052,1139,1565,1590]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-22.5">22°30′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="29B88CD84E1AFFC4FBBF1D2AFB4AF988" box="[1149,1246,1565,1590]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-41.383335">41°23′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="FCE4E0424E1AFFC4FB2F1D2AFE35F9E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2029201106" collectingDate="1963-10-25" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E1AFFC4FB2F1D2AFA0CF988" box="[1261,1432,1565,1590]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="287635374E1AFFC4FF551D76FE99F9E4" box="[151,269,1601,1626]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1963-10-25">
|
||
<date id="3832CCDF4E1AFFC4FF551D76FE99F9E4" box="[151,269,1601,1626]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1963-10-25">25.X.1963</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
[EqMN333]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E1AFFC7FF041D52FCDCFA36" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC4FF041D52FBD3F820" blockId="41.[151,1437,1529,2022]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF041D52FEC1F9C0" bold="true" box="[198,341,1637,1662]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Test subspherical or elliptical, covered with short, glassy and often curved spines (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E1AFFC4FAEE1D52FF51F91F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" metricValueMax="3.6399999999999997" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="30.7" valueMax="36.4" valueMin="25.0">25 to 36.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TH =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E1AFFC4FED61DBDFE2CF91F" box="[276,440,1674,1698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5149999999999997" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.93" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="25.15" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="19.3">19.3 to 31 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TW =
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E1AFFC4FDCF1DBDFD24F91C" box="[525,688,1673,1698]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.315" metricValueMax="2.53" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="23.15" valueMax="25.3" valueMin="21.0">21 to 25.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FD051DBEFC80F91C" box="[711,788,1673,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Apical system ethmolytic. Two gonopores. Anterior ambulacra (II, III and IV) narrower and longer than posterior ambulacra (I and V) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FB841D9AFB45F978" box="[1094,1233,1709,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacrum III deeply sunken and broader than the others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FD521DE6FC8BF954" box="[656,799,1745,1770]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other ambulacra also deeply sunken, forming slit-like depressions on aboral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FE331DC2FDEFF8B0" box="[497,635,1781,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peripetalous fasciole well-developed, bordering margin of petals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FAB21DC2FF7EF88C" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateroanal fasciole well-developed, often appearing as black line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FC101C2EFBA7F88C" box="[978,1075,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior region of test truncate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FF5D1C0AFF79F8E8" box="[159,237,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
A–F). Periproct oval and longitudinal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FD621C0AFC93F8E8" box="[672,775,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Peristome kidney-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FB831C0AFB51F8E8" box="[1089,1221,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), covered by six or seven large plates. Labrum expanded, almost covering peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FCA81C56FC59F8C4" box="[874,973,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Amphisternous plastron covered by long and spatula-shaped spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FE001CB2FDB1F820" box="[450,549,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Crenulate and perforate tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E1AFFC4FC711CB2FB94F820" box="[947,1024,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
D–G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E1AFFC7FF051C9EFC6BFF6B" blockId="41.[151,1437,1529,2022]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E1AFFC4FF051C9EFEFCF87C" bold="true" box="[199,360,1961,1986]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Pedicellariae.</emphasis>
|
||
Pedicellariae not observed, as only naked tests were available. The following descriptions were obtained from the literature. Globiferous pedicellariae with long and slender valves, curving abruptly at the tip. Foramen surrounded by six small teeth. Tridentate pedicellariae with curved and slender valves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FB141BA0FA04FF0E" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[1238,1424,151,176]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref65104" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1958 a) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. II. Diadematidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae, Cidaroidae (Echinoidea) e Asteroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 2, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1958">Tommasi 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FF551B8BFED0FF6B" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[151,324,188,213]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="549 - 573" refId="ref49496" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1963) The morphology and function of the frontal ambulacrum of Moira atropos (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 13 (4), 549 - 573." type="journal article" year="1963">Chesher (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided excellent illustrations of this character (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E19FFC7FCB31B8BFC54FF6B" box="[881,960,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
H–J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18F3BA974E19FFC7FF551FF1FAE5FB45" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612594/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[151,246,1222,1244]" targetBox="[151,1435,267,1200]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E19FFC7FF551FF1FAE5FB45" blockId="42.[151,1436,1221,1275]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FF551FF1FE8EFB65" bold="true" box="[151,282,1222,1244]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FDF41FF0FD67FB62" authorityName="Phelan" authorityYear="1972" box="[566,755,1223,1244]" class="Echinoidea" family="Mellitidae" genus="Encope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FDF41FF0FD67FB62" box="[566,755,1223,1244]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Encope emarginata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UFPB/ECH.1907).
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FC7D1FF2FC75FB62" bold="true" box="[959,993,1221,1244]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(A)</emphasis>
|
||
Aboral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FBA91FF2FB1FFB62" bold="true" box="[1131,1163,1221,1244]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(B)</emphasis>
|
||
Oral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FB3E1FF2FA8BFB62" bold="true" box="[1276,1311,1221,1244]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(C)</emphasis>
|
||
Aboral view of naked test;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FEDC1FD3FEABFB45" bold="true" box="[286,319,1252,1275]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(D)</emphasis>
|
||
Oral view of naked test;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FDF01FD3FDC6FB45" bold="true" box="[562,594,1252,1275]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(E)</emphasis>
|
||
Bidentate pedicellariae;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FC801FD3FC14FB45" bold="true" box="[834,896,1252,1275]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(F–H)</emphasis>
|
||
Valve of bidentate pedicellariae;
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FB031FD3FB4EFB45" bold="true" box="[1217,1242,1252,1275]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">(I)</emphasis>
|
||
Apical system.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E19FFC7FF051E10FCDCFA36" blockId="42.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FF051E10FEB4FAFE" bold="true" box="[199,288,1319,1344]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Light brown or yellowish to white (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FD701E10FC1BFAFE" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[690,911,1319,1344]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FCD61E1EFCD8FAFE" box="[788,844,1319,1344]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spines, where more thickly clustered, are brownish (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FED11E7BFE4FFADA" author="Agassiz, A." box="[275,475,1355,1380]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref45945" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the Echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6587785 # page / 262 / mode / 1 up (accessed 11 November 2016)" type="journal article" year="1869">A. Agassiz 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Fasciole often dark red-brown, horseshoe-shaped, and partially encircling apical system (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FF311E58FE45FA36" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[243,465,1391,1416]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FE941E46FE1AFA36" box="[342,398,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Naked test white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B7F69A4E19FFC7FD721E58FD6AFA36" box="[688,766,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[191,1396,188,1893]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 15. Morphological characters of Moira atropos (MZUSP00280). (A) Aboral view; (B) Oral view; (C) Lateral view; (D) Aboral view of naked test; (E) Oral view of naked test; (F) Lateral view of naked test; (G) Posterior view; (H–J) Illustrations of pedicellariae of M. atropos provided by Chesher (1963); (H) Valve of pedicellaria from floor of ambulacrum; (I–J) Valves of pedicellariae from aboral region. ab: aboral surface; or: oral surface." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2612598/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
D–G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E19FFC7FF051EA4FD33F982" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E19FFC7FF051EA4FD33F982" blockId="42.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FF051EA4FEF4FA12" bold="true" box="[199,352,1427,1452]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
North Carolina, South Carolina, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FC8C1EA4FC32FA12" box="[846,934,1427,1452]" name="Mexico" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FBD81EA4FBF0FA12" box="[1050,1124,1427,1452]" name="Belize" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FBB61EA4FB4AFA12" box="[1140,1246,1427,1452]" name="Bermuda" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FB2F1EA4FABFFA12" box="[1261,1323,1427,1452]" name="Cuba" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FAF91EA4FA0CFA12" box="[1339,1432,1427,1452]" name="Jamaica" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FF551E8FFEB5FA6E" box="[151,289,1463,1488]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FEEC1E80FD8FFA6E" box="[302,539,1463,1488]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FDEA1E80FD30FA6E" box="[552,676,1463,1488]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FD701E80FD79FA6E" box="[690,749,1463,1488]" name="Haiti" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FD381E80FCFEFA6E" box="[762,874,1463,1488]" name="Honduras" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FCB51E8FFC47FA71" box="[887,979,1464,1487]" name="Panama" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FC1D1E80FBC4FA6E" box="[991,1104,1463,1488]" name="Colombia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FB9C1E80FB40FA6E" box="[1118,1236,1463,1488]" name="Venezuela" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FAD01E80FAC2FA6E" box="[1298,1366,1463,1488]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FAAB1E8FFE8CFA4A" author="Clark, H. L." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref50270" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the recent sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum, London. The Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">H.L. Clark 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FEE71EEBFDD3FA4A" author="Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Solano, D. O. & Benavides-Serrato, M." box="[293,583,1499,1524]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="141 - 148" refId="ref48139" refString="Borrero-Perez, G. H., Solano, D. O. & Benavides-Serrato, M. (2002) Lista revisada de los erizos (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del mar Caribe Colombiano. Biota Colombiana, 3 (1), 141 - 148. Available from: http: // icn. unal. edu. co / publicaciones / art / 206 / 3 - N 1 / Erizos. pdf (accessed 31 March 2017)" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Borrero-Pérez
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FE091EEAFD90FA4A" box="[459,516,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FD911EEBFD1AFA4A" author="Borrero-Perez G. H. & M. Benavides-Serrato & C. M. Diaz-Sanchez" box="[595,654,1500,1524]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 250" refId="ref48094" refString="Borrero-Perez G. H., M. Benavides-Serrato y C. M. Diaz-Sanchez (2012) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea, Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar N ° 30, Santa Marta, 1 - 250." type="book chapter" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FD581EECFC12FA4A" author="Alvarado, J. J. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Ahearn, C." box="[666,902,1499,1524]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="37 - 55" refId="ref47222" refString="Alvarado, J. J., Solis-Marin, F. A. & Ahearn, C. (2008) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Caribe Centroamericano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 56 (Supplement 3), 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Alvarado
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FCC81EEAFCD7FA4A" box="[778,835,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Smithsonian Database). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FB061EECFA9CFA4A" box="[1220,1288,1499,1524]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
from SE, RJ and SP (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FF371EC8FE3AF9A6" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[245,430,1535,1560]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref65104" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1958 a) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. II. Diadematidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae, Cidaroidae (Echinoidea) e Asteroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 2, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1958">Tommasi 1958a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FE781EC8FD0EF9A6" author="Oliveira, J. P. & Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C." box="[442,666,1535,1560]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref61513" refString="Oliveira, J. P., Oliveira, J. & Manso, C. L. C. (2010) Inventario da colecao de equinodermos do LABIMAR, Campus Prof °. Alberto Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Scientia Plena, 6 (12), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FDDF1D36FDC2F9A6" box="[541,598,1535,1560]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From depths of
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E19FFC7FCA01D37FC4AF9A9" box="[866,990,1535,1560]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="4.45" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="222.5" valueMax="445.0" valueMin="0.0">0 to 445 m</quantity>
|
||
, more common in less than
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E19FFC7FADE1EC8FAC2F9A9" box="[1308,1366,1535,1560]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FF5C1D14FEBFF982" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[158,299,1571,1596]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref63320" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1979) Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. V (III): Echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Florida Department of Natural Resources, St. Petersburg, Florida, 120 pp." type="book" year="1979">Serafy 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FEF51D14FD0FF982" author="Laguarda-Figueras, A. & Gutierrez-Castro, A. I. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Torres-Veja, J." box="[311,667,1571,1596]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="69 - 108" refId="ref56460" refString="Laguarda-Figueras, A., Gutierrez-Castro, A. I., Solis-Marin, F. A., Duran-Gonzalez, A. & Torres-Veja, J. (2005 b) Equinoideos (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) del Golfo de Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 69 - 108." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Laguarda-Figueras
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FDD31D12FDDEF982" box="[529,586,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0496B9944E19FFC6FF051D70FBEFFE81" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E19FFC7FF051D70FEA6F972" blockId="42.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FF051D70FEADF9DE" bold="true" box="[199,313,1607,1632]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Five extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FD851D7EFD18F9DE" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1872" box="[583,652,1609,1632]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FD851D7EFD18F9DE" box="[583,652,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Moira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known, of which only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FC0B1D7EFBD0F9DE" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1951" box="[969,1092,1609,1632]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FC0B1D7EFBD0F9DE" box="[969,1092,1609,1632]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. atropos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FEF11D5CFE75F93A" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[307,481,1643,1668]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="549 - 573" refId="ref49496" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1963) The morphology and function of the frontal ambulacrum of Moira atropos (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 13 (4), 549 - 573." type="journal article" year="1963">Chesher (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, adults may reach a maximum TL of
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E19FFC7FC561D5CFC73F93D" box="[916,999,1643,1668]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In the present study, only adults were observed, lacking variations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FE181DA6FDECF916" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1951" box="[474,632,1681,1704]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FE181DA6FDECF916" box="[474,632,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Moira atropos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very characteristic and easily identifiable species due to the strongly sunken petals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C33EA1F4E19FFC6FF051DE0FBEFFE81" blockId="42.[151,1437,1319,2028]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FF051DE0FE1BF94E" bold="true" box="[199,399,1751,1776]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species lives buried up to
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E19FFC7FD381DE0FCD4F951" box="[762,832,1751,1776]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
in mud or mud-sand bottoms (del
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FB0C1DE0FF47F8AA" author="Valle Garcia, R. & Solis-Marin, F. A. & Abreu Perez, M. & Laguarda-Figueras, F. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="9 - 28" refId="ref51643" refString="del Valle Garcia, R., Solis-Marin, F. A., Abreu Perez, M., Laguarda-Figueras, F. & Duran Gonzalez, A. de la L. (2005) Catalogo de los equinodermos (Echinodermata: Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) neritico-betonico del Arquipielago Cubano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supplement 3), 9 - 28." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Valle García
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FAA11DEEFA08F94E" box="[1379,1436,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FF1F1DCCFEE8F8AA" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[221,380,1787,1812]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="549 - 573" refId="ref49496" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1963) The morphology and function of the frontal ambulacrum of Moira atropos (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 13 (4), 549 - 573." type="journal article" year="1963">Chesher 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a detritus feeder, extending the tubefeet of ambulacrum III in the direction of the surface through a tunnel constructed with sediment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FD581C28FCA9F886" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[666,829,1823,1848]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="549 - 573" refId="ref49496" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1963) The morphology and function of the frontal ambulacrum of Moira atropos (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 13 (4), 549 - 573." type="journal article" year="1963">Chesher 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FC911C16FC63F886" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1951" box="[851,1015,1825,1848]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FC911C16FC63F886" box="[851,1015,1825,1848]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Moira atropos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is frequently recorded together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FF551C74FE9EF8E2" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1835" box="[151,266,1859,1884]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Schizaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FF551C74FE9EF8E2" box="[151,266,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Schizaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FE451C72FCA8F8E2" authority="Mortensen, 1907" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1907" box="[391,828,1859,1884]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Brissopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FE451C72FDFDF8E2" box="[391,617,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Brissopsis elongata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FDB71C73FCA8F8E2" author="Mortensen, T." box="[629,828,1860,1884]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref60623" refString="Mortensen, T. (1907) The Danish Ingolf-Expedition. Vol. IV. Part. 2. Echinoidea (II). H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, 200 pp. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 19694216 # page / 45 / mode / 1 up (accessed 7 November 2016)" type="book" year="1907">Mortensen, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among its main predators are the asteroid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FA911C74FE1EF83E" authority="(Say, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Say" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="clathrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FA911C74FF6AF83E" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Luidia clathrata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FECD1C5FFE16F83E" author="Say, T." box="[271,386,1895,1920]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="151 - 154" refId="ref63144" refString="Say, T. (1825) On the species of the Linnaean genus Asterias inhabiting the coast of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 5, 151 - 154." type="journal article" year="1825">Say, 1825</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the margate fish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FD4A1C50FC36F83E" authority="Cuvier" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1830" box="[648,930,1895,1920]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Haemulidae" genus="Haemulon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="album">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FD4A1C50FCD9F83E" box="[648,845,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Haemulon album</emphasis>
|
||
Cuvier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FC711C50FB0DF83E" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. & Pawson, D. & Porter, K." box="[947,1177,1895,1920]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref55076" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J., Pawson, D. & Porter, K. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies. Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FBDB1C5EFBC0F83E" box="[1049,1108,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species is rarely collected, probably due to its burrowing habit. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FC831CBCFC5AF81A" author="Brito, I. M." box="[833,974,1931,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref48633" refString="Brito, I. M. (1962) Ensaio de Catalogo dos Equinodermas do Brasil. Universidade do Brasil, Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Centro de Estudos Zoologicos, 13, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1962">Brito (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this is a relative common species in São Sebastião, Santos, and Cananéia (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8E4824FD4E19FFC7FDD51C87FD04F876" box="[535,656,1967,1992]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
). However, in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="349BAA8F4E19FFC7FC091C98FB9BF876" box="[971,1039,1967,1992]" name="Brazil" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
it is apparently rare. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E19FFC7FF551CE4FEDDF852" author="Chesher, R. H." box="[151,329,2003,2028]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="549 - 573" refId="ref49496" refString="Chesher, R. H. (1963) The morphology and function of the frontal ambulacrum of Moira atropos (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Bulletin of Marine Science, 13 (4), 549 - 573." type="journal article" year="1963">Chesher (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E19FFC7FE9A1CE2FE41F852" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1951" box="[344,469,2005,2028]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E19FFC7FE9A1CE2FE41F852" box="[344,469,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. atropos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a mechanism to carry genital products from the neighbourhood of the genital pores to the water overlying the burrow. Therefore, this heart urchin likely ascends to the surface at fairly frequent intervals and there releases any available ripe sperm or eggs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FCAC1B8BFBE7FF6B" author="Moore, H. B. & Lopez, N. N." box="[878,1139,188,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="648 - 667" refId="ref60322" refString="Moore, H. B. & Lopez, N. N. (1966) The ecology and productivity of Moira atropos (Lamarck). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (4), 648 - 667. Available from: http: // www. ingentaconnect. com / content / umrsmas / bullmar / 1966 / 00000016 / 00000004 / art 00002 (accessed 11 November 2016)" type="journal article" year="1966">Moore & Lopez 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FB481B8AFA08FF6B" author="Moore, H. B. & Lopez, N. N." box="[1162,1436,188,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="648 - 667" refId="ref60322" refString="Moore, H. B. & Lopez, N. N. (1966) The ecology and productivity of Moira atropos (Lamarck). Bulletin of Marine Science, 16 (4), 648 - 667. Available from: http: // www. ingentaconnect. com / content / umrsmas / bullmar / 1966 / 00000016 / 00000004 / art 00002 (accessed 11 November 2016)" type="journal article" year="1966">Moore & Lopez (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a significant correlation between spawning of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8C919C4E18FFC6FCC31BD6FCEFFF46" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1951" box="[769,891,225,248]" class="Echinoidea" family="Schizasteridae" genus="Moira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atropos">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF8360D4E18FFC6FCC31BD6FCEFFF46" box="[769,891,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">M. atropos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lunar phases, with peak spawning occurring immediately after a full moon. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="281D97EE4E18FFC6FD581A33FCF6FEA3" author="Tommasi, L. R." box="[666,866,260,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref65104" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1958 a) Os Equinodermos do litoral de Sao Paulo. II. Diadematidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae, Cidaroidae (Echinoidea) e Asteroidea do bentos costeiro. Contribuicoes Avulsas do Instituto Oceanografico, Oceanografia Biologica, 2, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1958">Tommasi (1958a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the genital pores only appear in specimens larger than
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E18FFC6FF0C1A10FE89FE81" box="[206,285,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL. However, we observed specimens of
|
||
<quantity id="8B7447FA4E18FFC6FD371A10FCF3FE81" box="[757,871,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.476" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="24.76">24.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
with open genital pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |