526 lines
52 KiB
XML
526 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="61372" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9007242a-2b0e-416a-89c9-27029f4c2a64" ID-PMC="PMC9849048" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-197-81" ID-Pensoft-UUID="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" ID-PubMed="36760671" ModsDocID="1314-2003-197-81" checkinTime="1653995772258" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel & Lagomarsino, Laura P." docDate="2022" docId="61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 197: 81-148" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 197" docPubDate="2022-05-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367" docTitle="Virola parkeri D. Santam. & Lagom. 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="37EA452A15155D1CB85CA350AF70A112" masterDocTitle="New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1732937733806" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E36808B118B9E49BEDD121973660519D">
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<mods:title id="F48FC24A1D43765CFF7721FE58F6B34F">New Species of Virola (Myristicaceae) from South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E22F44D52CF9A47606D27E60788F1E6F" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DE8062900FC0E3506BA9D959B21AF051">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E087A2E22B43C2DE28DE697DBBCCD970">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8F7FBA0A431EC2DEE1BC3CA8B307C9EE">Santamaria-Aguilar, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4C190D889BD83B012F59821072133315" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-8250</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2D33FDFF5F12A3ECBE8BBBC9E911448">Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA & Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="51F7CC5767B318F555346A3C06F9E625" type="email">daniel.santamaria366@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D50551D6958D59A89AA07FCCB2825ABB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="21179054B86778F97CDA4D5EAF9BF662">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25944A7163430D43E038D97E20AE3FD7">Lagomarsino, Laura P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97EE7A82BFD50B2101CE04A4AA300396">Shirley C. Tucker Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 103 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 - 1705, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EDF0C11C68321C631DCB4E604D7A666C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C2CDDA3B7DC916E1A6C5DA0E12861684">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="03A501E24DB07B16BAF73585A6CF868B">
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<mods:date id="2B9FBB28477C9F245E9BC3535C2D6D0B">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BF08A7CB42DEADC25E7F11F14859EADF">2022-05-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8CE6A54BEA0156DF7FBB2E0CF04B219C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BDB08A2B500EE30B5A0CE30BC05052DC">197</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="28E14EDB764BE4F1EE20279D309CAF89">81</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="ADC078A149936FE918421E3C19C15209">148</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="5D631E21C5010DD230C7158FC1AE5DB7">
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<mods:url id="948E401071E02FC51059F3E7DEFE7845">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="50805D35C41F9A00529B3F2B41173E20">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D1771104103F7C70D5FE0DE800D2E8E9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6446C8ADF0C98D139697B1F30851D716" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-197-81</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195703437" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Myristicaceae">
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<subSubSection id="8F713E963A063845BB685795918A3D46" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B5EE7C757696374CDCD57488BAABCE73" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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8.
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<taxonomicName id="77BA257DF69CE1A5565227928A9FC324" LSID="61765F25-F214-5BB4-A7F8-61010E9962B3" authority="D. Santam. & Lagom." authorityName="D. Santam. & Lagom." authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri" status="sp. nov.">Virola parkeri D. Santam. & Lagom.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AA9E80AA48C96C22EAF39EE492082A6B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B8A1861A9B126A98A0702604D354ACC" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="238D5C23F74F347F8FC6C37810CDA608" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<typeStatus id="15B186B80502C7A173223C1ECA592B35">Type</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="64C5AED543BFB8A85AEA1750C7D11F13" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<materialsCitation id="63195604C8EE93A53BC5E3C01DAEBD8F" collectingDate="2005-10-17" collectorName="la Reserva Comunal Yanesha, A. Monteagudo, A. Pena, R. Francis, L. Quicha, E. Camavilca, W. G. Camana, Fig." country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" elevation="610" latitude="-10.386945" location="Recursos del Bosque" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.09111" municipality="Evaluacion" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B19183D81B92BF5EFF6D2F01CB8402C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<collectingCountry id="76FD92A20CAE3C9B915848CB7FA5308E" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="28C6786446373088BC449EF85521746F" country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="242E39C4F9A001097C4123E4D2FB615E">Oxapampa</collectingCounty>
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, Dist.
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<normalizedToken id="C32BCC91BC27A295954CF37394CC857D" originalValue="Palcazú">Palcazu</normalizedToken>
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||
,
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||
<normalizedToken id="DA8AB45E55618D93B2C8C8289E2906D0" originalValue="Evaluación">
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<collectingMunicipality id="BF8607EDFE7131297ECE18454ADC00BC">Evaluacion</collectingMunicipality>
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</normalizedToken>
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de los
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<location id="8821DE43C74837EDD5CC7CD1840E2E00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3:8821DE43C74837EDD5CC7CD1840E2E00" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.386945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.09111" municipality="Evaluacion" name="Recursos del Bosque" stateProvince="Pasco">Recursos del Bosque</location>
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0.5 ha en
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<collectorName id="D0573A1AC2D652040E596553EAAA4D5B">la Reserva Comunal Yanesha</collectorName>
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,
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<location id="1A8FEEC2456581C75208FD98E6A93AF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3:1A8FEEC2456581C75208FD98E6A93AF6" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.386945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.09111" municipality="Evaluacion" name="Comunidad Nativa Loma Linda-Laguna" stateProvince="Pasco">Comunidad Nativa Loma Linda-Laguna</location>
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||
,
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<location id="D5104513B7E7EFD19C2250D4DB19CCF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3:D5104513B7E7EFD19C2250D4DB19CCF8" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.386945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.09111" municipality="Evaluacion" name="Sector Nueva Aldea" stateProvince="Pasco">Sector Nueva Aldea</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="31B9F2FCC5826B528C6135E200AC7CDE" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-10.386945">10°23'13"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4EB011468ABC1EBB348D8EF699237716" degrees="075" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-75.09111">075°05'28"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="101752201EBEDF43C729480984D2E5A7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="m" value="610.0" valueMax="620.0" valueMin="600.0">
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<elevation id="B4F9678A81023225450A0C2D67EF4E81" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="6.0" unit="m" value="610.0" valueMax="620.0" valueMin="600.0">600-620 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate id="832A5F4D6B73C57C25D9324543330549" value="2005-10-17">17 Oct 2005</collectingDate>
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(fr),
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||
<emphasis id="34598DB6D3F6983AE599BB6430A15291" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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||
<collectorName id="7FEE763C90D424616C48AB47EAA15904">A. Monteagudo</collectorName>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="512A509716AE4038A5EE716379D99D59">
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||
A.
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<normalizedToken id="A589BE4BB51757D5009FFBEAAE0AE393" originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
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||
</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="C5D67B6FD4BCD80542FEECE2BEF5E335">R. Francis</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="A2DF66DB57661E6FD50448912EE3345B">L. Quicha</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="8A823318D554A393F98BF5FC4AC2C11A">E. Camavilca</collectorName>
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||
&
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<collectorName id="E9A99CA2A5F98DDD13E2DC2EFC1A3C48">
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W. G.
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<normalizedToken id="3BB639A0CF8375FC8EBB7F0C6D42BBEF" originalValue="Camaña">Camana</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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10761
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="D8719F8CD1E4993ED435ABF2E19B610D">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: MO! [accession 6101576, barcode MO-2134612], isotypes: AMAZ [n.v.], HUT [n.v.], MOL [n.v.], USM [n.v.], US [accession 3558469; image!]).
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<collectorName id="B3B275AD5F2D3684735A40D640C0739F">Fig.</collectorName>
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<figureCitation id="23B3AF940473E93FB55EF81DA7EB3811" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Virola parkeri A branch with staminate inflorescence B part of staminate inflorescence C lateral view of staminate perianth with an enlargement of trichomes (left) D medial sections of staminate flower, with detail of the lobe with trichomes (above left), and androecium (right) E branch with infructescence and detail of abaxial surface of leaf blade showing the midvein with enlargement of trichomes (top right) F different views of the fruits, detail of fruit surface (left), and an open fruit showing the seed covered by a laciniate aril (below). Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on M. Huaman et al. 334 (A-D MO), and A. Monteagudo et al. 10761 (E-F MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688803" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">15</figureCitation>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="EAF518C99D3D573404659A326613D413" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688803" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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||
<paragraph id="34D8614E36D3A095EF56686D533E6994" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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||
<emphasis id="7ABD0D8D638F2263AC52A5D915447C5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3400C90045E37A878F7D6C21730A34BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
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<emphasis id="1816ED1A69093ACE5D3E8E0EE947197A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E206B2CEF8BF8A971433253C1DC993F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A</emphasis>
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branch with staminate inflorescence
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<emphasis id="4BCCC0F3331570280B3764DF8F45880E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">B</emphasis>
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part of staminate inflorescence
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<emphasis id="751CF33FAFF9E082B797D8277C493D94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C</emphasis>
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lateral view of staminate perianth with an enlargement of trichomes (left)
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<emphasis id="AACB7A30938B8ABD39E295C06B85484B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">D</emphasis>
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medial sections of staminate flower, with detail of the lobe with trichomes (above left), and androecium (right)
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<emphasis id="0D7402C81DE335AAD7C8F07B976AFDC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E</emphasis>
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branch with infructescence and detail of abaxial surface of leaf blade showing the midvein with enlargement of trichomes (top right)
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<emphasis id="1BB876398AC983DFE77535427084EEC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">F</emphasis>
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different views of the fruits, detail of fruit surface (left), and an open fruit showing the seed covered by a laciniate aril (below). Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on
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<emphasis id="B2142FD7CCC173FDD731787F6D608EF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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M.
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<normalizedToken id="0D0CDA277F50F062317CC470B3DEB946" originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
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||
et al. 334
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="6406BB9ACEAE07CE76A2362CFDF45B70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A-D</emphasis>
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||
MO), and
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||
<emphasis id="0F6C838B469A8AE4383EE02F8B9F8318" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. Monteagudo et al. 10761</emphasis>
|
||
(
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<emphasis id="F0696EDE2B7187CC9ADF96D1AA38CDDC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">E-F</emphasis>
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MO).
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="494459AC8EAF99114C762F5D01D44237" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E6F0786AF256E995E04D5D3B042AD2AB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="68472EAF32AF65F2246B4A1D33C32EFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="70152CB6489A5BC69D8360732F2A3220" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
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<emphasis id="332F9CDDC29D57073AEF2A109E5EAF6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphologically differs from all other species by the combinations of the fruit with a conspicuous
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<normalizedToken id="2D871D7B141A6BE8E93029303B20052F" originalValue="“wing”">"wing"</normalizedToken>
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along its dehiscence line, the surface is bullate and inconspicuously pubescent, flowers with the column of filaments shorter (0.2-0.4 mm long) than the anthers (0.5-0.7 mm long), leaf blades covered abaxially with inconspicuous, stellate and sessile trichomes and lateral veins that are evenly spaced.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E7BD20E9707D7E3BE08F7929E24E711" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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||
<emphasis id="F7F8BFF2200DC2543433907211CF18FF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Tree</emphasis>
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28-35 m tall, diameter, inner bark not described.
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<emphasis id="290DE92BFA0A9D612E30848F4645C759" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Exudate</emphasis>
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reddish, location of exudate on plant not stated.
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<emphasis id="BD23C692BB8F7EACBE714759F5FF984D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Twigs</emphasis>
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0.2-0.7 cm thick, terete, puberulent to glabrescent, trichomes stellate, sessile, brown-reddish, without lenticels.
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<emphasis id="044E3D731F2F224192F94FE2309694E4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Leaves</emphasis>
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young terminal bud ca. 1.1
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<normalizedToken id="2E8D2CC2B194DBBD4D4C3001139FE3BA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2 cm; petiole 1.4-1.7
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<normalizedToken id="BC426D96011A9B411B33FC3773F4DE1A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.16-0.22 cm, slightly canaliculate, puberulent (especially within the channel) to glabrescent, the trichomes stellate, sometimes with hyaline squamiform structures between the trichomes; leaf blades 19.7-24
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<normalizedToken id="026CD90066C0CD3569A7606BD7992D17" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5.2-6.4 cm, oblong; adaxial surface of mature leaves drying brown to grayish, glabrous, the surface smooth, sometimes shiny; abaxial surface drying white-grayish to pale brown, sparsely pubescent, the trichomes stellate, ca. 0.1 mm diameter, sessile, the central part of the trichome usually colorless, but sometimes with the central part reddish, the branches colorless; lateral veins 15-17 per side, 4 veins per 5 cm, spaced 1.5-1.7 (-2) cm, on adaxial side flat, the same color as the adaxial surface or a little darker, on abaxial surface slightly raised, tomentose, arcuate-ascending, slightly anastomosing near the margin and without forming a marked intramarginal vein; tertiary veins very slightly visible on both sides; midvein adaxially slightly elevated, immerse in a small channel, abaxially raised, rounded, puberulent to glabrescent, usually with denser pubescence on the sides; base acute, not revolute, flat; margin flat; apex acute.
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<emphasis id="FA475231DDEB88F4C39A83C61DB1B94A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate inflorescence</emphasis>
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5.8-7 cm long, axes flattened, tomentose, with dendritic trichomes, ferruginous; peduncle 1.5-1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="11735BC9422383B64B4B852CF0E95CF1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18-0.24 cm; main axes with 9-10 ramifications, the first pair opposite, subopposite or alternate, the others alternate; bracts not seen.
|
||
<emphasis id="6497EA647205D2F7DC8B91B7FA8F6C72" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
(in bud) in dense terminal fascicles of 10-30+ flowers, on a receptacle 1.5-2.5 mm wide; perianth 1.5-1.8 mm long, ovate to lanceolate, creamy yellow when fresh, connate to ca. 1 mm in length, external surface densely pubescent with ferruginous and dendritic trichomes, internal surface moderately pubescent (especially on the lobes); lobes 3, ca. 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1999F781C27F62DADBBCA431A46FF689" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 mm, ca. 0.2 mm thick, without resinous punctuations when rehydrated; stamens 3, the filament column 0.2-0.4 mm long and ca. 0.2-0.3 mm thick, glabrous, straight, constricted to slightly constricted at the apex; anthers 0.5-0.7 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm wide; apiculus ca. 0.8 mm long, acuminate, connate.
|
||
<emphasis id="014B96026E81230CEECD3F49C37C66A1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="13402880005EFB62C35F03046E4387D3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
not seen.
|
||
<emphasis id="D9062B056E87C5118E4F83B6DA8A5F0D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Infructescence</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 2.5 cm long, with 1-5 fruits, peduncle ca. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="579B17FB7CEB25DACC2E94F31EDFD402" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 cm.
|
||
<emphasis id="BB4F7091AD6B733CBE9AD60EDD296393" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Fruits</emphasis>
|
||
3-3.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FB26952B42A6AD15859AEFBB1A77A929" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.8-3.1 cm, green when fresh (brown to blackish when dry), oblate, shortly stipitate, very inconspicuously pubescent (not falling like dust), puberulent at the base and sometimes on the carina, the trichomes stellate (sometimes with few dendritic), sessile, ferruginous, the surface bullate, the line of dehiscence winged, the wing ca. 0.4 cm long, the base obtuse, the apex rounded; pericarp ca. 0.3 mm thick (on the thickest side; ca. 0.2 mm thick on the thinnest side); pedicel 0.4-0.6 cm long.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FFB55375B5A72DAC7DF91780B7720F8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Seed</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24F5258FACDD0173DFD85C7093A1325F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 cm, the testa brown to blackish when dry, smooth; aril color when fresh not described, blackish when dry, the texture dry and thin, laciniate almost to the base, in narrow bands distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0EB07153BA86581C02EB153B2B83D720" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A9AEFE149694F5C01A7A3C88BC82E38" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distinctive characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="940FC9C57DC5FA80021296E26E464F1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The most striking character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1071C6317CFDF07DF662D2DFD8CAE5EC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACB26C3FB1FEC601A26C282B5D0BAB2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is its fruit, which is reminiscent of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="577699AF725607DF3E4A3AC380076EC8" originalValue="Saturn’s">Saturn's</normalizedToken>
|
||
form: it is oblate with a conspicuous
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5A491545E2EB75E29BE6317E968B44FF" originalValue="“wing”">"wing"</normalizedToken>
|
||
along its dehiscence line (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C9614D86C20AD83ED10D16F5FD79D60B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="03FDEEEBC0DB37B8994FAA128519C98B" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Virola parkeri A branch with staminate inflorescence B part of staminate inflorescence C lateral view of staminate perianth with an enlargement of trichomes (left) D medial sections of staminate flower, with detail of the lobe with trichomes (above left), and androecium (right) E branch with infructescence and detail of abaxial surface of leaf blade showing the midvein with enlargement of trichomes (top right) F different views of the fruits, detail of fruit surface (left), and an open fruit showing the seed covered by a laciniate aril (below). Drawn by Bobbi Angell based on M. Huaman et al. 334 (A-D MO), and A. Monteagudo et al. 10761 (E-F MO)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688803" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">15F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fruit is further bullate and inconspicuously pubescent. Other characteristics that distinguish this new species are its leaf blades that are covered abaxially with inconspicuous, usually colorless stellate and sessile trichomes and lateral veins that are evenly spaced; staminate flowers with perianth that is densely pubescent outside and the inner side moderately pubescent, the lobes are relatively thin, the column of filaments are shorter (0.2-0.4 mm long) than the anthers (0.5-0.7 mm long); and the thin, laciniate aril that covers the seed almost to the base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="037F5AD19DE69A6676AA81FA16E3DC01" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4980C8C7D673990F41F82A68DCEEDB61" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6FFC5166554BCCBDB58D402968F6B66" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The specific epithet honors Theodore A. Parker III (1 Apr. 1953-3 Aug. 1993), renowned and talented ornithologist and research associate of the LSU Museum of Natural Science. Parker died in a plane crash on August 3, 1993 while surveying a remote forest in Ecuador, along with three other people: Raul Mortensen (the pilot), Eduardo Aspiazu (ecologist), and Alwyn H. Gentry (botanist).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="470056BC02FF70139F86189A6448791A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8151085258B3930E641410827393B4DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Peru, a country where Parker spent much of his life studying birds and protecting natural resources. In this country, Parker together with Scott Robinson, established a Big Day record (331 bird species). He also contributed to a field guide to the birds of Peru, an important resource for birdwatching ecotourism. Finally, Parker was part of the Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) at Conservation International, which involved teams of scientists conducting biological surveys in remote areas of the tropics to determine their level of biodiversity and potential for conservation. Thanks to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9DFC9F18D3C1F6A0B1BA5B0FD9B6F39B" originalValue="Parker’s">Parker's</normalizedToken>
|
||
efforts, Bolivia established Madidi National Park, one of the most important centers for biodiversity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2E3CC5F35A692FA41A07F94289D2D01D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="398B3442FFB9B3FE9330210F5E3CD367" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1CFFD39BBB837CBF41B22C28B5E5A723" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C952CCE88FD8989114748A04C4DEE24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="80AA2F17A46FD45FBD404170D0511FE5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from Peru (Pasco Department) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E78675305FCB8AB46CC87EDBDA95885B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Geographic distribution of the new species of Virola." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688806" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">18C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is found in primary forest between 400 and 620 m in elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CD778F046B539BB66F9898F557C77A6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9FB3CAA27BCFE5ABFDA81E84DD48A2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5EF5DD4E8152AE0920CA650301272B41" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Staminate flowers and fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D97B488B9001390FDC3DD074D7B2203A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="55E718C1598F167AC4035EBF4A03AEB9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded in October. Pistillate flowers were not seen in the studied material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E919DCC0CB9198C9DDDC08F1E9ED994C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="common name and uses">
|
||
<paragraph id="3DEFBCE17E140E6926D20803799EAAD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Common name and uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="77A70FF4B0CE68DF0F795BDE8C61FFE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Common names include
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A2D5CCAEDE9655B4EC50B5A561A7B939" originalValue="banderín">banderin</normalizedToken>
|
||
and rrohuatquech (Peru;
|
||
<emphasis id="F3D096A866E2621DC5E313176C8F7A77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C28F035415AEF3B3557C3565D59131D4" originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 334
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). The wood is used in the manufacture of furniture and boxes, and house building (
|
||
<emphasis id="9A579194CF40C21504825F3E1158A0D5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="024FC41A3524BE56F1765794203D01AF" originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 334
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4F1515BBD2DECD86632343075DA29E78" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="87C18C7A8FFBE662CA5D78E154A32F69" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AEC9B6DEA093E40B7F9836F6B8D2DE62" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F5842BA0CBD011EFA0B783883C60AB6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0BFD88F01306FE8290145F7B527E867" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Critically Endangered following IUCN criterion B2a. Justifying this status, it is known from only a single specimen, collected in 2008. The only locality of this species is within the Loma Linda community of the Yanesha indigenous community, and so may benefit from an ongoing compensated community-based forest monitoring program (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="784C8856B1A153A92FDE9D86D7466E4D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040444" author="Kowler, LF" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" refId="B39" refString="Kowler, LF, Kumar Pratihast, A, Perez Ojeda del Arco, A, Larson, AM, Braun, C, Herold, M, 2020. Aiming for Sustainability and Scalability: Community Engagement in Forest Payment Schemes. Forests 11(4): e444. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040444" title="Aiming for Sustainability and Scalability: Community Engagement in Forest Payment Schemes. Forests 11 (4): e 444." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040444" year="2020">Kowler et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB8ABA1C82E809DB2F4C6B74366B1563" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="76CC0A0B034FBE846BE30C970E433542" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2471287A5018D1B083FAE2B4E2D5821B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC1C7A6D0A38C45E9C66D88EF1B9BED0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DD4325D2207225F92B06D01D2D235E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B58CD39C6EE584020756F2548065EEA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. yasuniana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yasuniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="900049504F9CCD6ED6BBBDB905460A97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. yasuniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ecuador (which is formally described below) in various leaf traits, including overall shape, trichomes on the abaxial surface, lateral vein separation, and color when dry; additionally, both species share staminate perianth that is moderately pubescent internally and fruits with a markedly carinate dehiscence line, appearing like a wing. Differences among the two species are summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="8545688DCAE1445D5887A7CE54A25B92" captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. Comparison of Virola parkeri, with V. yasuniana." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E100C94AA71EA646F9759A27C38B1B0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="E100C94AA71EA646F9759A27C38B1B0B">10</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E100C94AA71EA646F9759A27C38B1B0B" ID-Table-UUID="E100C94AA71EA646F9759A27C38B1B0B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E100C94AA71EA646F9759A27C38B1B0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Table 10" startId="T10">
|
||
<paragraph id="A09B4AC1AB83B016C50B1F7043405B5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4AC99C7DE3546D3C248CFF3A83F02F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Table 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50909EA924711A7018073815C35796A8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="C6DE3C901C2E3F97EC7D0FC01297B0CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52698DAC70F893DC7A70D4F859A9185B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. yasuniana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yasuniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="60CA8C683538942DD4819501BCAE38E4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. yasuniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="56BEE4286FA090988A89318B1978EFED" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<table id="1A1ABC4F28EE39E9E4511F0F216C6E1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tr id="A0598ED5CE019E0C830471D8822E4F6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<th id="5E28605A9878E27BE03C0A6A32B0DF65" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Morphological character</th>
|
||
<th id="F791B68F6F8567299D91DD32151445E4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDB040B5F37FAF0D7C1551514BF6A58F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="00A829DB434AE4C4FFB727C8D29AC4D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5A3F449BBD4DC53FCE8A502FC574EB50" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E73B633CB393A8F7839173DF944FED9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. yasuniana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yasuniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F007F38237100B2975E855C6A2E33D08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. yasuniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="33B04D2904D6B811A79568EE488A7FDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="2A7F903FCE6009A8D69E6FE0EB7B21B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Leaf blade size</td>
|
||
<td id="516A30C53C15FF16185D91DF827B6961" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
19.7-24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3F51BCCEE9AD64894F5E5DC82E448812" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.2-6.4 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="B54C6C673639455FFD8A8D6543FC10D1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
15.7-27.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DF3E410FC1484EB367B6861EFD27E94" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.4-6.6 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="49A08DE27070655E806BC321B917ECA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="F54B0D6824854A8F9F184659232B918B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Spaced lateral veins</td>
|
||
<td id="91DD2C60CA146346F927BF1864D72487" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">1.5-1.7 (-2) cm apart</td>
|
||
<td id="F9882D3BA2C9B771D6A157D1B8A840D5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.9-1.5 (-1.9) cm apart</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CD31EC5C624831161F4D98ABA3306137" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="91718B36500EB815D2B882B6D96EC406" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Staminate perianth lobes</td>
|
||
<td id="1E68131A00C9B0E9828E759B47AA5407" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
ca. 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A02EBB040FFE23756AD37FFB6B399BC3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 mm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="23B071632BF8E4792A176AA4003FBA22" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.7-1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DA9EB452BBAC94E7CFB3D8868A38A5A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5-0.8 mm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AED3F2F931DFD52B7F06D8219CE75E53" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="381D71529D130BC180DB20858888C886" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Filament column</td>
|
||
<td id="B6A0B76D4A29F4C99D85C8CCBAA08436" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.2-0.4 mm long, and ca. 0.1 mm wide at the base</td>
|
||
<td id="A1C54174E7587D933B17D1F5A8BA63F3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.3-0.5 mm long, and ca. 0.2-0.3 mm wide at the base</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="93CD5DF92D12BDFED7A979AB959CC42F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="7605E3F987E1A29539BF566AF11336FF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Anthers long</td>
|
||
<td id="BCAA252CEB0BB8C15CD43BB02E8CD49E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.5-0.7 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="3DB380302AD7F513DEDD931A53DC46E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">0.5-0.6 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9AF3FAAB8C6889E2B4E9DF6084EC882C" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="0D64976F308BAAC9D624EEAEFC2337D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Apiculus long</td>
|
||
<td id="9C78B1329DF867BD5DEED9C132CE5A19" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">ca. 0.8 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="71C27E79F6CDA0C95ED04DB577DB516A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">ca. 0.1 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="066207A55457719E4171C690D69BE36B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="5CF4446F5B6F5A9313DF50D5FA7A24C9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Fruit size</td>
|
||
<td id="5801CA1B5AEBDABF9ECE20BBAFC739FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
3-3.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24E7DC1E6E2D50197A2E294322A7C85D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.8-3.1 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="821C70402D0225426F9CCDCDBD08F501" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
3.4-4.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C241861C2F1C802A1B0F18B672914BC2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.1-4 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4A3995F3A39719EF47404A1A137B7A79" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="CBE83D9F7EC3AFE78779BC2CC0A642CD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Fruit carina</td>
|
||
<td id="B87A09EECC258EDD48CE3B739E36FE34" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
ca. 0.4 cm long (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DB3C427C14BDAA07BD4A0EDB787F1CC4" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6L</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="00536B46EE624E06650375BC4758FDEA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
0.4-0.7 cm long (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BAE5A6025D1F393862C6335C203614EE" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6M</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A49308D4EFF00447F0840DA6BBADA265" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td id="356F5218ABC756E78C612FDDC3C9FCB4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">Seed</td>
|
||
<td id="4102E52CA6C52311F86FEA68A3E3C401" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
ca. 1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="46B9C09445665779C0B0CC73229B1C86" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="79FFC868AD02673C907F98FE3DDEC83A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
ca. 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CDC080A555F7054528ABCE506B7C6E53" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1BAE70CA676BC647CA9990CEBBF7DA15" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0C95D3BD1E504B83D991392E099DB49" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="FD4C83E7447C9A2EEFF6D86AB18E3A1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
's fruit with a wing-like carina resembles those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13138E4B0A4E2AA123526D85D7AF1643" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. peruviana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="812E3D95F0CFB7F314CE8EC11F39ED00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="63ACBF983A5C224E21747EDEA3A4FA67" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Comparison of fruits of newly described Virola species, with those species that are morphologically similar to them, noting the shape, indument, a pericarp thickness A V. aguarunana (C. Diaz et al. 7195, MO) B V. alvaroperezii (D. Rubio et al. 2205, MO) C V. bombuscaroensis (J. Homeier 4507, MO) D V. calimensis (M. Monsalve 158, MO) E V. calophylla (J. J. Pipoly 15614, MO) F V. calophylloidea (S. R. Lowrie et al. 54, MO) G V. cogolloi (D. Cardenas & E. Alvarez 3239, MO) H V. macrocarpa (A. E. Lawrance 675, MO) I V. excisa (W. Palacios 3186, MO) J V. obovata (R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 3822, MO) K V. peruviana (D. N. Smith & V. Garcia 13841, MO). L V. parkeri (A. Monteagudo et al. 10761, MO) M V. yasuniana (A. Perez & W. Santillan 4361, MO; right and below from V. Zak & S. Espinoza 5149, MO) N V. tuckerae (A. Cogollo et al. 3924, COL). Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.197.81367.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/688794" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">6K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the new species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="798B9546DC062753989F0D72971176D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. peruviana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1F27AA06F39F6EF54835CB5DFFC8FFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. peruviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its leaves with acute bases (vs. usually cordate), fewer lateral veins (15-17 vs. 17-30 per side) that are usually more separated (1.5-1.7 [-2] vs. 0.6-1.3 [-1.7] cm), staminate inflorescences that are narrower and shorter, staminate flowers with the filament column shorter than anthers (0.5-0.7 mm vs. 1.1-1.6 mm long; from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6AD4532300D8BDCAF681160D63E429BB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" author="Smith, AC" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="393 - 510" refId="B74" refString="Smith, AC, Wodehouse, RP, 1938. The American species of Myristicaceae. Brittonia 2 (5): 393 - 510, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" title="The American species of Myristicaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804799" volume="2" year="1938">Smith and Wodehouse 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and oblate (vs. ellipsoid) fruits with rounded apex (vs. acute or apiculate).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0779D494E15521E20B5C2563BAD2F0CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="D31F85AC641B66FE1E70DEE621FFB099" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="05EF271E8CEF1BE4C0D6BA6B4E50479F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC6E93A4A958DA103FB205AF6927B8D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola parkeri" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="1040DF8DE99F75DB9C6E1848353F8195" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5092E7A2348FD1D1EF8CB63B1E44E21D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">A. Monteagudo et al. 10761</emphasis>
|
||
) was previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="667824E63AAF69C984D3F8ED173FEC4D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Otoba" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Otoba parvifolia" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parvifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="8A8A70763862BB095164E07E231A4964" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Otoba parvifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Markgr.) A. H. Gentry. However, while species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FDC5305E13CB44D89AF0F96DEE18913" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Otoba" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Otoba" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="193230F8877B4A87224DEBE644027627" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Otoba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have malpighiaceous trichomes on abaxial leaf surfaces of leaf blades, these trichomes are dendritic or stellate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6307227493E4C2961E00067B3FAD9FD0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Virola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Virola" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1C10812C065644F963AEA2A4A8CB299" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Virola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The other specimen studied (
|
||
<emphasis id="B3499CF9F53525144F4BF1B625E257BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9AC0BC261DFF06E3F94863C4E41B2231" originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 334
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18E11A04FBA4B456D2610CE33D878102" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="V. elongata" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CF870D0D8A64FE27C2E154C6A5720B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">V. elongata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Duplicates may have been distributed under these names.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2839CF5C69565B7377CF921727B24217" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="89C79607A70F33BEDD3D606490C8142E" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A286C1F5BF82399EBF464916F37A5BED" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DB7AB33599EAA21C26B1A987EF9478F3" collectingDate="2008-10-16" collectorName="Bosque de la Asociacion Forestal Yanesha Concoll-Toron, M. Huaman" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" elevation="400" latitude="-10.364167" location="Comunidad Nativa Loma Linda-Laguna" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.05556" municipality="Palcazu" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Pasco">
|
||
<emphasis id="421BB635DE896C113FF8B4B47BE70A40" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E542D1DE3774B3FB8AB39E201B58C188" name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="418A46683B1C4E411D7F80FE7712B977" country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty id="DD388F70F88DC3FC514DB40207C16E01">Oxapampa</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68E7B0CC397FAB501726FF97FA2D0E0B" originalValue="Palcazú">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="DAA0167B2EFA0AEA61C0B14DAC487120">Palcazu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="CCBC772A2C78BC3163FA2BCF89C4E100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3:CCBC772A2C78BC3163FA2BCF89C4E100" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.364167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.05556" municipality="Palcazu" name="Comunidad Nativa Loma Linda-Laguna" stateProvince="Pasco">Comunidad Nativa Loma Linda-Laguna</location>
|
||
, sector
|
||
<location id="F6B88D177A8A6A365E25BE96E0310BA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3:F6B88D177A8A6A365E25BE96E0310BA4" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.364167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.05556" municipality="Palcazu" name="Nueva Aldea" stateProvince="Pasco">Nueva Aldea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="15EF56B154EFE430568CBD78C667596E">
|
||
<location id="17FD84F2C16C33DFC0DAF5FD2FC3D1B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:61765F25F2145BB4A7F861010E9962B3:17FD84F2C16C33DFC0DAF5FD2FC3D1B0" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.364167" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-75.05556" municipality="Palcazu" name="Bosque de la Asociacion Forestal Yanesha Concoll-Toron" stateProvince="Pasco">
|
||
Bosque de la
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9FE9D12188545B589EED1E9B7840045B" originalValue="Asociación">Asociacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Forestal Yanesha
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6400D1D4AB713C531C85F8ED3B8CC54A" originalValue="Concoll-Toroñ">Concoll-Toron</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
(AFYCT),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="45E61C70EAD1D6FB8CBF4566F00471E3" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-10.364167">10°21'51"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C62D642889535D1566B15268D71DEE65" degrees="075" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-75.05556">075°03'20"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E3C73B0C38243534E9CA8CEE43382A9D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="821A9E96692724ADB40440FC7C51E3BB" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="51DDE8EA8EE52962D614F737525C0159" value="2008-10-16">16 Oct 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="0B9960F1F93E5E458F8E8C73E400E96A">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEE808DFF530C5CAEE41E7A8D9C127A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<collectorName id="48E82E15EA338FE2A445D3462AB21542">
|
||
M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5C7686E4F02391AF7381BD4D8797D04B" originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 334
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, P [image!])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |