599 lines
60 KiB
XML
599 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="100335" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fc6193c-cd79-4419-a24e-7c5545e0bd30" ID-PMC="PMC9848802" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ID-PubMed="36762231" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Protoptilum stet. CCZ _ 068" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732669336981" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="F2D4EDF14994F93DA101C89E357928C7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="7D32D5DF6F4CEF9473621BB5D9FE8EEE">
|
|
<mods:title id="EB006AB9665C7235B293B6E130EA2DA1">Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="89583C9F7DAD6688C696D9DA30C1DC77" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="75F415B9B5C8A91836C2CF8A572D4F11">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="281190C757F46C3F2509A86372F513EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="DA42EA8CDFCD9851AE5D97FA8C172221">Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBDC3721AD8606CC988B40613AFAA5DB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="AE0858CCB665604AA72B6DB332CC4D29">Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="55A691E0D04EDB3DCA75C4BC5E94F189" type="email">l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="F87E4FC6445C17B01C21AFB9B3841C67" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="D180D9360BCDDA9647A46495C68C8F49">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="050ADE3379E179608C68382C464AAA77">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="0362846B1C5A5CEA01D49263B5C94754">Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="74F56EF04BBF20F02641BF3027B15DB6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="F1036C7F3B997B9D0B3E88DD44DB95F6">Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="5CB1EBC15A4946E7A2AB00179C72BB83" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="D5CC11467726BBC8C99816A516FBDE28">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="79A94F1375062D8EAEF2B9CA690CD266">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="2DD7AA13467259C11D63E9B48D7CAB80">Amon, Diva J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="CDB36DC39004AF6E0100E37BA24EBC1B">SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="C501EADD94D6C6C73A8ED38FFEB4A497" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="2D1001EBFFE6A06B7390AE9CFBD8F882">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="F71DA6F1B4DC29D02F69BF3EB5580EC6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="8BFA3FB111A3F289C72B2F14F994A273">Cairns, Stephen</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8E27BA20F1B3F48156F65203BD4A044B" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="18D47D1B52FECF4FE4FDC2BCA919BF70">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="EB9FE175B3E4DD4333846FDBC2DDBDD3" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="6FE0B5E520A816D3C07F9123C80F2B48">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="69E96C716E2FCF816EA11CC1898C9066">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="758EF45E4F22F56834F5BC8F7C7BE08E">Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="22CAEFC4C7A7A305FB6573B6BF2680BA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="A466E847034D80EE7BBC1D4504089F01">National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="87F46296B7F5AB819809AC85306A8CE5" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="DB7A34B70FAB8ECC1870A01AFF3E30D4">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="7AA84F438ADD71322BD56959A4210D7B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="FA743E036B58338757E5A1403DB1CFD3">Durden, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CF6D00ADFFEC23B0BE69C50CE19ECF04" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="D83580A897B89D00BEF4DC5A30216B7A">UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="6ADAD506FB6297DA054CDB3EA7BFC4E4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="610CBA3A09D83857061CCAD7658FD0E1">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="646F1F207D49E1F0C4DCC3319958769B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="E9786D5DEC7F54737EF5898EB849F597">Eleaume, Marc P.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="DC903F45D3C4DCC4818A3664641B8872">Collections & Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="028989B4CFF9B227007B9E9D0FE3E65E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="7282DC903D932F1B3E715BF9A6E80086">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5CCE40E41C93B305B72A3890DD2D1AC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="878867CA71C7A02C463771DA5CA12938">Hosie, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="86D751905CCB17CD75EFBFC6B5152EAF" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="BC1450CDC1AECC433B4C4CA6D0653203">Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="9451515CB4317F8764ECD321AF8242BD" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="54029767C9F28A8BEC76E75B6041EFB8">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="FAAEBEF9180818362B1208F76F1E8491">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="6EF6A0C7E7E894F7AAB87BCB935B5D15">Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3065E5291E88323DEF8C0D42F71FA003" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="41BF7A67E81A43541D84DCD5488DBCCD">School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="DBCAD7D779E5A75FD003F61DB3F21A34" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="BDD7F37FA3006A7FD2480B5B02737DE6">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="9E6F142474024662A8B0E77E5BEDD780">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="53F635FD7CECB0B9044D3F0495EE438A">McQuaid, Kirsty</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CA278C81FFD7B45E4B455F3A8CE84D61" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="BEB8C7F9FE30E82659ECDBBDC01DB12B">Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="8C9029CC359174A781ABC2444BD02127" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="02541EB9F873406C940E0D0068C6DC1B">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="5E3B0A6E4E5E08617991043ACB28349F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="0E6D2C2EEE3B60766D0EFFDE96398381">O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="C260087D74F656B675D682301D8B6197">Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="AEF18FFBB1A8B95F23E5F4CF579F6FAB" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="A42E4FE7FFD0CEB0E2B969C2B911654E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="B91154FE6F6FA37B70ACA2432AC599D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="DEA60D9CEA0FF3B629EE4567F0B4BCBD">Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A14C64609AF8168ADF74A0F8A253FD3F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="BC1680BCA02345AFE37A8708C8A672CE">National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="E787172370BA0E08CE70DB18518132BF" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="7A16F6CD751CB5C9406A29E1CA962173">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="06458F3B03CCEAAA8C7437144235379F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="1F307BF255B518E2CC5BC49EBEF4A69F">Simon-Lledo, Erik</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="D1EBC1230BA861F654CBF7477A9F00EF">UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="2F0648248E0D4894E2D8A4BF701E4E28" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="75175700E71BCD0425568760573EBC34">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="0A1C3277B719E3EB7587CC46DC837186">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="7713D63F8977E765AC0FB087BE68DE82">Smith, Craig R.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="062CB35720C9E0B90034EA9D7CC4CE7D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="7952B0BB46EC4F27C8D46D51723462EC">School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="8C133ED54DDF5E90C7A3A9C982B915A9" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="99082A69B51C5703608AD66E05E9D96C">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C853FFEE567B6C61C044E8E0367771E9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="A1D53C8114E3FBAD7E94E1243BD6271B">Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BB243DE1465DB1BCB9ACBCC0D64609B7" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="7E7EDF34FA4E0D49019EE884D09E18DA">School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="B51DF479CBD92CB8ABF2500E9E85BB5B" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="94C662DF27CBDE0050BD3A6FF903295C">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="8D6F686FCC7D757E43D0FB71DE909508">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="F94DC1C6D18E06C0D5DE215417171B90">Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1EB5C0BEB47138740AA62F1C3F87C9DB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="A8901350BE2113183A9123B76BE94A75">Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="D75AEE069583D810C7460695A21C24BD" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="31F089CAF9352540A422727ECAA7CF4E">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="6A8E68EE6AEF6751F49E9FC038483A2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="81D9A3AC0D9CE33F6C09BEFE922CDF39">Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EED2908D16D76DD56B2C8E33BFF8D9E4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="B7F87963FB7D3E3611ABF1CC720C0130">National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="F71AB1D5EE6D26999A4C03C703B18170">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="3681509E5FB9E4D362707B56C00EFD67" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="737F0101E9D42A5CEE5B87710622D09B">
|
|
<mods:title id="578FDE1D818771E31531373E631AA713">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="66870E0DCCB6B6A340AB53607DB240C9">
|
|
<mods:date id="7595DF0F3B42A80A55F61B75989DE190">2022</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="BC017D26DC8B02646E49B35F84F9A030" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="33E7F2E0F3694B9FFF072C22196281F3">2022-07-18</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="CE750C2FF9965154729DFC75A53011F9" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="344FDE9F1ADB6BAE7C556D4662DAEDF6">1113</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="68282E382F93B6DBA2DAF6D29F9E9442" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="A6BEA2DEE5392B1A9631CB2429E09951">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="4CB5C608131FB9A4E743D2F99AE84D06">110</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="600D0D15308C5AE7A06032773BE6C271">
|
|
<mods:url id="9833C89F80CF48E10F43033199661EE7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="64D3AD8DD11376A1CA7B515D53A30F93">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="80FED0C792F9B41E9D59923B5D5F46DD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="154D5ACEB649D3F58EA6BA12A629ED4C" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="4902EC9EE33A96CCA7DBD048204003CA" type="Pensoft-UUID">EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197823802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/615CA6809C265169BA0C5CD7E7BE977E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Polychaeta" scope_family="Aphroditidae" scope_order="Phyllodocida" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subOrder="Aphroditiformia">
|
|
<subSubSection id="6ADEEE4DC5E0FE906141CBFB45F37755" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="6512473562371876BF30BD37F91F12AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F784EFBDB7FEAA9C9A10FA47BEF0DEF2" ID-CoL="84STS" LSID="615CA680-9C26-5169-BA0C-5CD7E7BE977E" authority="stet. CCZ _ 068" authorityName="stet. CCZ _ 068" class="Anthozoa" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Protoptilum stet. CCZ_068</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="99CD83615B042101D56BF70BECD46C82" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="E4D3C2FC047E268C0F6BF8FF26140A5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<figureCitation id="EC08537818683279B763B6551742EF33" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Protoptilum stet. CCZ _ 068 A in situ image B whole colony C detail of polyps before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 5 mm (B); 2 mm (C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716345" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="3A8DC1E60928E06FC63C5D9094149FD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="72C38E74E83D0C1F2C6FD4B50EBDE9B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E2DF29F4C691F981110CEB679AB33E6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="CDC3F64961E79423F87E5306FC3D0DBC" accessionNumber="ON400694, ON406605" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="3096" latitude="4.8897" longLatPrecision="553" longitude="-141.75" specimenCount="1">
|
|
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
|
|
<specimenCount id="E3FBA0523CBACD6F2A3C47C801FACB03" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
|
; APEI 7;
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="C7A3586A4F0F24524D68E22ED569642E" degrees="4.8897" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8897">4.8897°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="DFD009915666C5731CC14502A2A4F7B2" degrees="141.75" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-141.75">141.75°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
;
|
|
<quantity id="490D9EC13386FE53BBF7EC85C6AF865B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.096" unit="m" value="3096.0">
|
|
<elevation id="3CB39688845B158D68B85B47D30F7107" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.096" unit="m" value="3096.0">3096 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
deep;
|
|
<collectingDate id="77389725EBBCAF52AD369DC12F9F7130" value="2018-05-27">27 May. 2018</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName id="9967064727757795241FD7A0CCC4EDE1">Smith</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="2D2739DBD3892D1FCB623262125DC6AA">Durden</collectorName>
|
|
leg.;
|
|
<collectorName id="2E36BF3714C1590C85A15DB887178E43">GenBank</collectorName>
|
|
:
|
|
<accessionNumber id="2F130D6CAE30D23F937EF625EB2C6255" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400694">ON400694</accessionNumber>
|
|
(COI),
|
|
<accessionNumber id="BB52B785F3FCDEA8BC09D2D6BDC50D01" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406605">ON406605</accessionNumber>
|
|
(16S); NHMUK 2021.24;
|
|
<collectorName id="20347E58032D8D183380E5C0FF32255E">Voucher</collectorName>
|
|
: CCZ_068
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ABBEC03A74B761B25F1B3C35EB354309" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="0B0F54A0BF0141F9BFE0D4CAFCAF4D91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="74939D2A9CBD60EE64E3A106C30D4425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Single specimen, ~ 12 cm tall, narrow sea pen; in situ colouration orange with whitish polyps (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="FAE51F16C117577825EF421A6A0544E3" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Protoptilum stet. CCZ _ 068 A in situ image B whole colony C detail of polyps before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 5 mm (B); 2 mm (C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716345" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Two rows, opposite to each other, of elongated polyp calyces along the rachis (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="5BD3D10C1247CC6C34C289E946CFCDF5" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Protoptilum stet. CCZ _ 068 A in situ image B whole colony C detail of polyps before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 5 mm (B); 2 mm (C). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716345" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">19B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DAB1AF91418ADEA3D1F9CB50C0CF87CA" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716345" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B03B235B264F623C6EBDD604C326D6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="7B63360CFBEA9B0EE8AE6B4438C96FF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E7FAF0BAA4C165D84C040321FF23D37F" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="70E46BEF5D8C3D66C10038330F3CC5E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protoptilum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_068
|
|
<emphasis id="2500BC335008DFD6B754B72972FA8BAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
in situ image
|
|
<emphasis id="A1E30CD32906C050A3A4CF0ECE0D2A48" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
whole colony
|
|
<emphasis id="73C9AAFCD78B33F2CF2DD7D26B0ADDD1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
detail of polyps before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
|
<emphasis id="8BB98D75E7D819E197C1D97B7939BB69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="DD2AA4F9181B481D599B2B88D89D1DF9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="C3119FF6000F0A063C9C65F066B950EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
|
<emphasis id="BE810537C49A69724953B3A21D0804E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
|
<emphasis id="F98632ABE1CE1FF2E21174CF2636826B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D64281BA54B97BF42DB7D79702259FDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="177CCED955E17BD05B088DE2EC419B7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DD23E6526470DEFAE4A60F7FFABA1B5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The COI sequence forms a clade with sequences from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8D86B7019257733AB2C66D28FD7E9AE" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="C477E46C9961F3DF2710E7DAD899C02B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protoptilum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(<1% genetic divergence), a genus within the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="955FB20661888F57E9F570692028067F" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1872" class="Anthozoa" family="Protoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Protoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, while the 16S sequence is very similar to sequences of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC194CD08772CD743E62485E44B08DB0" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="71E7AD642521807A5AA784CD56395827" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protoptilum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E60DB0E42BB1C934C2DC920907772A93" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1882" class="Anthozoa" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Distichoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichoptilum" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="11F5DEE6E27B142156B16007AFBD4375" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distichoptilum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, both genera within the same family. In the phylogenetic tree, the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A614EC9145EA8490F1E80C9520E7F093" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1872" class="Anthozoa" family="Protoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Protoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
was not recovered as monophyletic, but the CCZ specimen was recovered (with 1.00 posterior probability) as sister to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="433166BDE3B4AACE9FBC13D580B44EB4" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1872" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum carpenterii" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="carpenterii">
|
|
<emphasis id="C9C3A9F346EC3696CA5D29C3D9D299E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protoptilum carpenterii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken id="C0A12A958FF7160D06C150507ECC7902" originalValue="Kölliker">Koelliker</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1872.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5E9E84FA18BFD3A80E72F8C6AB0728F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="E8DA36F6EA89FD33E7B3CE71F67D0B6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C424F5FF9CCB60D852463E83B384934D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specimen was found anchored to soft sediment on a seamount of APEI 7, at 3096 m depth.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0CF16CD84E54B78E34D925EE5C5407EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph id="D57F957918BE6C3DAEF9654020B9AD6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="337BB53B594188C052ED4B32B4F7AA4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
No similar
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E3FEA7E76A31D23BD9AFE02A088AAF76" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Pennatulacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Pennatulacea</taxonomicName>
|
|
morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FB0EF64A635EB4EFC5D61C15FE9AEA8D" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="15D685BE8EE7D0FF0F3A879045DD9224" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protoptilum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_068 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A9D70791BB72446A0BC5F41C2521D223" family="Protoptilidae" genus="Protoptilum" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protoptilum" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A603A5C4BE2A805BDA585A6F3A4527E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Protoptilum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. indet., PEN_024). In seabed images, PEN_024 can resemble other single-branched sea pens or even soft corals.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="ABF5B1C167CE02E94BB336A27C7643D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="03FBD7B15B3BC1E1BFBBB58510074D57" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Subclass
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4FB6C5EBAB9890D1254BD620E05A2CC8" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Ceriantharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
Perrier, 1893
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A4067A4F08E9049B25A50AE01A1E3417" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="DBC5CCE722312F674B2886A2A4A618E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AFDF17A43B5C475E2077DB81C4E912ED" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" genus="Spirularia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spirularia" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Spirularia</taxonomicName>
|
|
den Hartog, 1977
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B0FE923B1F8E480150823AC58732CB02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
To date, there are no records from a minimum of 3000 m depth in the CCZ for the order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7FC26C36C255306C5101DCD568B59F9F" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" genus="Spirularia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spirularia" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Spirularia</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="3C8F3E04966D59223C9E96A86F393DFB" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B75" refString="OBIS (2022) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO." year="2011">OBIS 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). We recovered a single specimen, for which the COI and 16S genes were successfully amplified and included in a concatenated matrix (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, and COI) to estimate a phylogenetic tree of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="303B9A6C7ABC935E51956E8C9922CFFB" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Ceriantharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="1C3EA327F985B2DF146AD3277EDB5A51" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Ceriantharia. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716346" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="1AC9F2C8E9986CB5A9A6D9099ED43E13" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716346" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
|
|
<paragraph id="AF6CCE0D4F3A69CECD8CB8FC8A1C8489" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="F18F2BD2E4EC7A8F564CEF929AF481CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
|
Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A76BC487004E176EF1666E6568588DB" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Ceriantharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Concatenated (12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="ED1580648AB658443E50EEF51A91A8AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="04C98E89D125D68AFD27B1C67147E8F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A672D3DB54ED0A7CE1E4EF976FEBC6C0" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" genus="Spirularia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spirularia" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Spirularia</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_067
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F3AB74B68860800E78612F45B8EE9921" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="3DFD760FD4300E43B7715487BEA4698A" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Spirularia stet. CCZ _ 067 A in situ image B specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 2 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716347" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9822778AD012ED75622B0CBDBB6E2C3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="615764507B13010E200215887723BA2D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</emphasis>
|
|
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7;
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="6352818746D5FC473DD62A6F6B127A9F" degrees="4.8875" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8875">4.8875°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="E25D40155FDDD3513B8BC952656AF122" degrees="141.7572" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-141.7572">141.7572°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 3132 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith & Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400693 (COI), ON406606 (16S); NHMUK 2021.23; Voucher: CCZ_067.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="800DE60D93CEE7C981568C6B907B3ED8" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716347" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
|
|
<paragraph id="FD113FABE6C434A236CFBEDDE097CE7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="1DDA2B459867A1270DE863A2C7D5362F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6FDF876FE1DB352CB8EF86F157CEFF7C" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" genus="Spirularia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spirularia" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Spirularia</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_067
|
|
<emphasis id="808908DA19CD52C4BFC30E1EACF2ED7C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
in situ image
|
|
<emphasis id="0122F87FC75156107392277F4D6E5B43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
|
<emphasis id="C7B6956E6178F4DD181DC83A892E3E85" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="7A99C8CEC874957B7338E476E0F66A76" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
|
<emphasis id="8BF72ED80CD70A9F5498768B3195459F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
|
<emphasis id="49129DBA98A061CEEC398C6ACF6D5CAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="74C17EBAF8CB8385FDC58F64D7BC1FEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="56ED99CB68AB4D937C3FF792638B3A1D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
Single specimen, unattached, tube-dweller with tentacles extended above the sediment in situ (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E7F808105F989E786AA2B4731B6B6167" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Spirularia stet. CCZ _ 067 A in situ image B specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 2 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716347" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Very long, conical, tapering, reddish brown tentacles; capitulum whitish when alive (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="E4635DEB28BE1EBC173C7494A67AFDD3" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Spirularia stet. CCZ _ 067 A in situ image B specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 2 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716347" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Column is 12 mm in height and 5 mm in width excluding tentacles (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="220BC19FFC0F738BE8E89E55923D8251" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Spirularia stet. CCZ _ 067 A in situ image B specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 2 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716347" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Tube consisting of soft sediment.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="75D58FAF26B5EC12FE833C189C56E02E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="D5AD6261906EA95ED22C5672BA310EC6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
The closest matches to the COI and 16S sequences were sequences from other members of the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2824CE2E52C1B6C9EB333728D6153B93" authorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1851" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cerianthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DEED272F9A2FD44CA7D871D5A3BEAF9F" genus="Pachycenrianthus" lsidName="Pachycenrianthus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1828BE541F30D138E8F651489DF06CA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pachycenrianthus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BEA8DB0D5254A0A1FDD064544AA835D9" authorityName="Delle Chiaje" authorityYear="1841" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Cerianthus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cerianthus" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4A15A654EEB36D23872802BEFF958B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cerianthus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0F4D256E9168A0EBF0BC8AE0BD4C1D31" genus="Ceriantheromorphe" lsidName="Ceriantheromorphe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="A0B01ADC675D786BA239FC8988128732" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceriantheromorphe</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. However, in the concatenated phylogeny, it forms a clade with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A685F2D3C2CE73183897D32DE49680C2" genus="Boctrunidifer" lsidName="Boctrunidifer" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="295ED8A8F1E21EE229FCAB4F2C9A06CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boctrunidifer</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 1 and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A6DC9B0190F9263BD11F20CCBAE363C9" baseAuthorityName="Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" genus="Ceriantheopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ceriantheopsis americanus" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
|
<emphasis id="4BA010F03DAE98E0728063030723A0CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ceriantheopsis americanus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, belonging to the families
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ADFB4003692B92735483F0F4DE810382" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1912" class="Anthozoa" family="Botrucnidiferidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Botrucnidiferidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E170740088A8189CA802F64C90A9493F" authorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1851" class="Anthozoa" family="Cerianthidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Spirularia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Cerianthidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, respectively (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="C93B34E0BDF080467D78C785E58211BD" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Ceriantharia. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716346" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">20</figureCitation>
|
|
). As
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C179DBE1428F13F82C10E24495BE009A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz158" author="Forero-Mejia, AC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="397 - 416" refId="B28" refString="Forero-Mejia, AC, Molodtsova, T, Oestman, C, Bavestrello, G, Rouse, GW, 2019. Molecular phylogeny of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) reveals non-monophyly of traditionally accepted families. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190 (2): 397 - 416, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz158" title="Molecular phylogeny of Ceriantharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) reveals non-monophyly of traditionally accepted families." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz158" volume="190" year="2019">Forero-Mejia et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
recovered both families as non-monophyletic and a revision of these is suggested, we were unable to assign it to a family.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B2656C40E6F3BAFD548A5D5EA9467F2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="98B0EBBC6743742A2CE6F77A8B048E4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
|
The specimen was found buried in the sediment on a seamount in APEI 7, at 3132 m depth.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CF5B53CCC748C907F5EF6E3CE16FFC5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="154F2406FF5840D9EE9C62E5BB252752" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</emphasis>
|
|
A very similar
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D663864CA09B15F37176DC3B18011BF3" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1912" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Ceriantharia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Ceriantharia</taxonomicName>
|
|
morphotype (i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EEAACB92FA77FD5EFAF8DC0C58286A35" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" genus="Spirularia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spirularia" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6921A62C0C545049E25B0D0347410106" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spirularia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. indet., CER_001) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across the eastern CCZ, always found semi-buried with the tentacles extending above the sediment surface.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6D2C10A1F16BE9D65954151C45518A57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="E612E3F68190CA4478A55AB5FBC9F7F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Class
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5144BD2806F4E23D1F360606066C0772" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Scyphozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Scyphozoa</taxonomicName>
|
|
Goette, 1887
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F1DE8ABFF1141D79023F1E1C4AA842C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
For the class
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F16C1E258765189BCACE3CB070E07AE0" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Scyphozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Scyphozoa</taxonomicName>
|
|
, there are currently 128 records from> 3000 m depth in the CCZ, but none represent preserved specimens (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9774B4DCDFEDDFC0861C81B3073B57B6" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B75" refString="OBIS (2022) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO." year="2011">OBIS 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). We collected a single specimen, for which the sequence for the COI gene was successfully amplified and included in a multi-gene phylogeny (16S, 18S, 28S, and COI) of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C8A02A53ABDCEE91C17A98F851FB3847" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Scyphozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Scyphozoa</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="841CF3A021DB4CE8477AC3C9D7ECC68E" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Scyphozoa. Concatenated (16 S, 18 S, 28 S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716348" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="B82D8932B08796A776C44482CDBF4034" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716348" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
|
<paragraph id="D875DEDD756F7E01EE4E0E28CE799182" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="0BDEEE62B43E076EC9B9D0065F236BAB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
|
Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="017EB07B1D62462CE715C1C9064C6902" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Scyphozoa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Scyphozoa</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Concatenated (16S, 18S, 28S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="33703A1BA5C7DF2C8E5F5A88762A0E3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="DEE52F7D60770F05AC487ED7998C9085" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Subclass
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CFD779BA711481BB266E59AB7E0C4640" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subClass" subClass="Discomedusae">Discomedusae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Haeckel, 1880
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2544A2E21D8493F98E6B9B28C7190D05" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="D5297EFD7FC7B1B21E84D305DC512C26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E0ED53E07CC17364C5267B4516283E7A" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Somaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Somaeostomeae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Agassiz, 1862
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2126D7A5D5275ED059406924BAFF2FD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="2E35AAA0BF385E787CD62714C6D2D218" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5569E7B13CBD09FE6C227597808168AF" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Haeckel, 1880
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="78F7F6FEE2E18BDCA4C8773142CD3D28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="AC2D0CD5BFF99B5438584678D5734DB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="750E4EEA5DAB986AAF669C9F905149CA" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_069
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B7B087344FFB373A26D78648FAD91265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="EBC29E2DF0E7A0F5746DE42909BFF7FF" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Ulmaridae stet. CCZ _ 069 A in situ image B specimen before preservation C rhopalia. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 5 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716349" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23</figureCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4BFB21EBFD49679C04EE4029FD8944CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="B2FBBA3E069BD7B0290577A58A38EACE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</emphasis>
|
|
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 7;
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="03A8A86154D075A53370B9F55DE2FC2C" degrees="4.8876" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8876">4.8876°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="CBAB27B75719070CD43B06F52A45A31F" degrees="141.7572" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-141.7572">141.7572°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 3133 m deep; 27 May. 2018; Smith & Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400695 (COI); NHMUK 2021.25; Voucher: CCZ_069.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4134A7CDF51BFF82795FC233EF98A696" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="6CDD466F98377196308973A32544C3DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
Single specimen, ~ 4.5 cm in diameter; with transparent bell and light brown tentacles in situ (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="5BD69DE9EA08693C9C28D796AC31CA6B" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Ulmaridae stet. CCZ _ 069 A in situ image B specimen before preservation C rhopalia. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 5 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716349" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23A</figureCitation>
|
|
). Rhopalia are evident around the bell (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="D6A14FE9C58C78FEA296DFCCAE916142" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Ulmaridae stet. CCZ _ 069 A in situ image B specimen before preservation C rhopalia. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 5 mm (B). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716349" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">23B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="582DFF3AA4C4C56BA4B326ED472D9A8C" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716349" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
|
<paragraph id="9A4696E2176DCC5D7BF20A467F5AB387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="623F99B98D1382FF111CB7DC2F8FD1E1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C0DAF01F0292AECE7CB2926FEE2C06B5" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_069
|
|
<emphasis id="086ABCCE5AB51446586F102CBFEA20CE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
in situ image
|
|
<emphasis id="8BE7388A424D7EAF4E97C1E671EB5265" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
specimen before preservation
|
|
<emphasis id="5E72920337A9DBC799E60A2BFABA21F7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
rhopalia. Scale bars: 1 cm (
|
|
<emphasis id="7CC969DF38E07234EC29F001F48DC53F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="23522F1C2811E765921EE69FC0838739" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
|
<emphasis id="2AD3523AC5C2ECFEB6ACA293C1A90AB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
|
<emphasis id="57CB5B301ED4314207E5C929BA500446" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="19231941DA5C29E60C38B26FF2ABB95B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="501D183452EBFF1F275E6E6902D3E41B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Only the sequence for the COI gene was successfully amplified, but none of the matches on public databases were informative. In the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="40D6C29A8E0612E0E7E5FE4B759AF674" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Scyphozoa. Concatenated (16 S, 18 S, 28 S, and COI) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716348" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">22</figureCitation>
|
|
), the CCZ specimen was recovered in a clade with other members of the class
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B7C11D1AF3E85E95B76C3AC1FCE5188A" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subClass" subClass="Discomedusae">Discomedusae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. As both the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="32B55FFC482B5AE8B1E2D56CFAEB79A0" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Rhizostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Rhizostomeae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="295CB94209D29D8F9B99E8CFDC3FF5F9" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Semaeostomeae</taxonomicName>
|
|
were not well supported, the specimen was not confidently assigned to any of both orders based on COI only. However, the specimen morphologically resembles an undescribed ulmariid scyphozoan (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8BF2E8DB17586A4E3949E115057FB4F1" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Somaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Somaeostomeae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) that was observed in the New Britain Trench (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9A928666CCE627FF7E45C20758DB6BBA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012" author="Gallo, ND" journalOrPublisher="Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 133" refId="B29" refString="Gallo, ND, Cameron, J, Hardy, K, Fryer, P, Bartlett, DH, Levin, LA, 2015. Submersible- and lander-observed community patterns in the Mariana and New Britain trenches: Influence of productivity and depth on epibenthic and scavenging communities. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 99: 119 - 133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012" title="Submersible- and lander-observed community patterns in the Mariana and New Britain trenches: Influence of productivity and depth on epibenthic and scavenging communities. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012" volume="99" year="2015">Gallo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="06F052B181512ECA2CA22E350053834D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="FED3A5719B63E6FDD1FD6D3113506659" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
|
The specimen was found on the sediment of a seamount in APEI 7 at 3095-3132 m depth. A similar species of ulmariid from the New Britain Trench was found to skim the seafloor to feed on particulates on the sediment (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="21ED8B5F251455BB72224204EA7B13D6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012" author="Gallo, ND" journalOrPublisher="Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="119 - 133" refId="B29" refString="Gallo, ND, Cameron, J, Hardy, K, Fryer, P, Bartlett, DH, Levin, LA, 2015. Submersible- and lander-observed community patterns in the Mariana and New Britain trenches: Influence of productivity and depth on epibenthic and scavenging communities. Deep-sea Research. Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers 99: 119 - 133, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012" title="Submersible- and lander-observed community patterns in the Mariana and New Britain trenches: Influence of productivity and depth on epibenthic and scavenging communities. Deep-sea Research." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.12.012" volume="99" year="2015">Gallo et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C3FA36B2B22696300960F143B3D90585" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="3F604C46EF79D49F9FFD047255B709C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</emphasis>
|
|
No similar
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FAB96F46D070D7C2B109BBBD5196B266" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="158CBEF7938AA6728548C5D805E38944" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_069 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4AA11E7ED6A13C8E34F615BB4F693C09" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
gen. indet., SCY_010). A similarly shaped
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8858BED7F94FED95CC252CE8931BEDB8" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
morphotype (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C95B628921DFE37563A23CFF202D07BB" class="Scyphozoa" family="Ulmaridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Ulmaridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
gen. indet., SCY_009; opaque reddish bell, dark brown tentacles encircled with a white ring, and dark rhopalia around the bell), also eventually found crawling on the seabed surface, was previously catalogued from seabed imagery in nodule field areas of the eastern CCZ. When photographed lying on the seabed (as opposed to swimming in the water column), SCY_019 and SCY_010 may resemble an anemone, particularly in images collected at high altitude above the seabed (e.g.,> 5 m).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D53FE9FCD03EF072F2443BB15BFF4A1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="EBFF67027E2144A1B517992179A33952" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Phylum
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BAC7DBD456A6E6B15D1C2F07FAF9979C" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="phylum">Echinodermata</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="90AFF2460CF62665236E4AE26B5A3EBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="7D287A0DE954274EFDB01979591A9B44" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Class
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4A11F67F53CA53A44380B8C8D703C099" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Asteroidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
de Blainville, 1830
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="AB5D7301BC3764D8354322ED612A56AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
There are currently 245 records of sea stars occurring at a minimum of 3000 m depth in the CCZ, with only five of those representing preserved specimens (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F6062597AB7B9D5AD394C1898A1771F8" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B75" refString="OBIS (2022) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO." year="2011">OBIS 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Four specimens were collected on the western CCZ, and sequences of the barcoding gene COI were generated for all of them, and 16S for a single specimen. These were included in a concatenated alignment of 12S, 16S, 18S, COI, and H3 used to estimate a phylogenetic tree (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="ACE5060DE9487ADC17CA5B83850CB88A" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Asteroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="D7FD5D11002A33BC6E97B955BA8AE259" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F24">
|
|
<paragraph id="D872DF366EBE3159DD83FB7DD5DEE299" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="46F97BA4C162430D74B0915EB7500DB7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
|
Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6BAD2214BC0B69130BB90297C5C4DD56" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Asteroidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Concatenated (12S, 16S, 18S, COI, and H3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="55FE642B7AAF8B1403C7FF07569DCB28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="6293CB787628EB86D2D8E1A6FB44F29C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Superorder
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4ECD43F2D6B70931C8A20A4EDD3BB515" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="superOrder" superOrder="Forcipulatacea">Forcipulatacea</taxonomicName>
|
|
Blake, 1987
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A144ED03A4A1796EC8173FA4B877E028" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="6A8D640C99C3D57B56659B46B5665774" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70D7257D67746F4E2B4D17B82345A731" authorityName="den Hartog" authorityYear="1977" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Brisingida</taxonomicName>
|
|
Fisher, 1928
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="86E0FC7F9227336C940B91DB860A1BAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="E1C97782C48C68FBF5CF9FE83C4ABD9E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F5C960B62AB8CCB4F4CF417510EAEE89" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1986" class="Asteroidea" family="Freyellidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Brisingida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Freyellidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Downey, 1986
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |