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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.8721" ID-PMC="PMC4549883" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-52-23" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF88FF9505162F2FFFA7F372FF96FFC6" ID-PubMed="26311505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576313" ModsDocID="1314-2003-52-23" checkinTime="1451251433656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gillespie, Lynn J., Saarela, Jeffery M., Sokoloff, Paul C. &amp; Bull, Roger D." docDate="2015" docId="21D64A25E92A51FBB6A1F8AAB845692D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 52: 23-79" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 52" docPubDate="2015-06-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.8721" docTitle="Coptidium spitsbergense (Hadač) Luferov &amp; Prob." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF88FF9505162F2FFFA7F372FF96FFC6" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF88FF9505162F2FFFA7F372FF96FFC6" masterDocTitle="New vascular plant records for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668141407704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>New vascular plant records for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gillespie, Lynn J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Section &amp; Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443 Stn. D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lgillespie@mus-nature.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Saarela, Jeffery M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Section &amp; Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443 Stn. D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sokoloff, Paul C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-8557</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Section &amp; Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443 Stn. D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bull, Roger D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Section &amp; Centre for Arctic Knowledge and Exploration, Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P. O. Box 3443 Stn. D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2015-06-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>52</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.8721</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182227875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:21D64A25E92A51FBB6A1F8AAB845692D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/21D64A25E92A51FBB6A1F8AAB845692D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName LSID="21D64A25-E92A-51FB-B6A1-F8AAB845692D" authority="(Hadac) Luferov &amp; Prob." authorityName="(Hadač) Luferov &amp; Prob." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium spitsbergense" order="Ranunculales" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spitsbergense">
Coptidium
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
spitsbergense (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hadač">Hadac</normalizedToken>
) Luferov &amp; Prob.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Coptidium x spitsbergense: A habitat B habit C flower, Saarela et al. 2419. Photographs by L. J. Gillespie." pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Ranunculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculus spitsbergensis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spitsbergensis">
Ranunculus
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
spitsbergensis
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hadač">Hadac</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="common name">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Common name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Spitzbergen buttercup</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Disjunct circumpolar</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="30" pageNumber="53" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="53">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="30" pageNumber="53">
Our collections are the first of this species for the CAA. The species is considered to be a sterile triploid hybrid between
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium lapponicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="31" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="54">
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="54" start="start">Coptidium</pageBreakToken>
lapponicum
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Rydb. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium pallasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="31" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="54">Coptidium pallasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Schltdl.) Tzvelev, and exhibits an intermediate morphology and habitat preference (
<bibRefCitation author="Cody, W" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B23" refString="Cody, W, Blondeau, M, Cayouette, J, 1988. Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America. Rhodora 90: 27 - 36" title="Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America." volume="90" year="1988">Cody et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Elven, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" pagination="433 - 436" refId="B36" refString="Elven, R, Murray, DF, 2008. New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2 (1): 433 - 436" title="New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora." volume="2" year="2008">Elven and Murray 2008</bibRefCitation>
). All three species were previously treated within
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Ranunculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ranunculus" order="Ranunculales" pageId="31" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="54">Ranunculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation author="Porsild, AE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Canada Bulletin" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 209" refId="B74" refString="Porsild, AE, 1957. Illustrated Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 146: 1 - 209" title="Illustrated Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago." volume="146" year="1957">Porsild 1957</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Porsild, AE" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="40" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 667" refId="B76" refString="Porsild, AE, Cody, WJ, 1980. Vascular Plants of the Continental Northwest Territories, Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa: 1 - 667" title="Vascular Plants of the Continental Northwest Territories, Canada" year="1980">Porsild and Cody 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Cody, W" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B23" refString="Cody, W, Blondeau, M, Cayouette, J, 1988. Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America. Rhodora 90: 27 - 36" title="Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America." volume="90" year="1988">Cody et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York" pageId="41" pageNumber="64" pagination="88 - 135" refId="B100" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1997. Ranunculus L. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae - Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York: 88 - 135" title="Ranunculus L." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae - Hamamelidae." year="1997">Whittemore 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Aiken, SG" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="35" pageNumber="58" publicationUrl="http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/research-projects/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago/" refId="B1" refString="Aiken, SG, Dallwitz, MJ, Consaul, LL, McJannet, CL, Boles, RL, Argus, GW, Gillett, JM, Scott, PJ, Elven, R, LeBlanc, MC, Gillespie, LJ, Brysting, AK, Solstad, H, Harris, JG, 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval [CD-ROM]. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/research-projects/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago/" title="Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval [CD-ROM]" url="http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/research-projects/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago/" year="2007">Aiken et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
), but they differ both genetically and morphologically (presence of thick white underground stems, fragrant flowers, three sepals, spongy tissue in achene) from other members of the genus (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoerandl, E" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="38" pageNumber="61" pagination="305 - 327" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.009" refId="B53" refString="Hoerandl, E, Paun, O, Johansson, JT, Lehnebach, C, Armstrong, T, Chen, L, Lockhart, PJ, 2005. Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s.l. (Ranunculaceae) inferred from ITS sequence analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36: 305 - 327, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.009" title="Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s. l. (Ranunculaceae) inferred from ITS sequence analysis." url="10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.009" volume="36" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hörandl">Hoerandl</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium spitsbergense" order="Ranunculales" pageId="31" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spitsbergense">
Coptidium
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
spitsbergense
</taxonomicName>
, also known from Svalbard and the Russian Arctic, was first recorded in North America by
<bibRefCitation author="Cody, W" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B23" refString="Cody, W, Blondeau, M, Cayouette, J, 1988. Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America. Rhodora 90: 27 - 36" title="Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America." volume="90" year="1988">Cody et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
from one site in southern mainland Nunavut, and four sites in northwestern Arctic Quebec. The hybrid is most similar in habit and leaf morphology to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium pallasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="31" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="54">Coptidium pallasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in its smaller, pale yellow flowers. The taxon was not treated by
<bibRefCitation author="Flora of North America Editorial Committee" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York" pageId="41" pageNumber="64" pagination="88 - 135" refId="B100" refString="Flora of North America Editorial Committee, 1997. Ranunculus L. In: Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae - Hamamelidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York: 88 - 135" title="Ranunculus L." volumeTitle="Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 3 Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae - Hamamelidae." year="1997">Whittemore (1997)</bibRefCitation>
for North America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium spitsbergense" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spitsbergense">
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="55" start="start">Coptidium</pageBreakToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
spitsbergense
</taxonomicName>
was found at two sites in the Soper River valley growing in sedge meadows, in wet moss adjacent to ponds. Associates at the first site (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Saarela et al. 2194</emphasis>
) include
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex bigelowii" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bigelowii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Carex bigelowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix arctophila" order="Malpighiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arctophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Salix arctophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at the second site
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Betula glandulosa" order="Fagales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Betula glandulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Ericaceae" genus="Empetrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Empetrum nigrum" order="Ericales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Empetrum nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaginaceae" genus="Eriophorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriophorum angustifolium" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Eriophorum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaginaceae" genus="Eriophorum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eriophorum scheuchzeri" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scheuchzeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Eriophorum scheuchzeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. decumbens" order="Ericales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Spermatophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="tomentosum" subSpecies="decumbens">Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. decumbens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carex" order="Poales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Carex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix" order="Malpighiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Salix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. Only one parent,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium lapponicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Coptidium lapponicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was found nearby at the
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Saarela et al. 2419</emphasis>
site (parents were not looked for at the other site), growing scattered in moist mossy tundra. The other parent,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium pallasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Coptidium pallasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has not been collected in the Soper River valley and was not observed during our fieldwork there, but one older collection is known from the vicinity of Kimmirut (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Polunin 1173</emphasis>
, CAN;
<bibRefCitation author="Aiken, SG" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="35" pageNumber="58" publicationUrl="http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/research-projects/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago/" refId="B1" refString="Aiken, SG, Dallwitz, MJ, Consaul, LL, McJannet, CL, Boles, RL, Argus, GW, Gillett, JM, Scott, PJ, Elven, R, LeBlanc, MC, Gillespie, LJ, Brysting, AK, Solstad, H, Harris, JG, 2007. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval [CD-ROM]. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/research-projects/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago/" title="Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval [CD-ROM]" url="http://nature.ca/en/research-collections/research-projects/flora-canadian-arctic-archipelago/" year="2007">Aiken et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Elsewhere the hybrid species is also often found in the absence of one (usually
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium pallasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Coptidium pallasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or even both parents. In Svalbard it is more common than either parent and occurs in large stands usually in the absence of one or both parents (
<bibRefCitation author="Elven, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" pagination="433 - 436" refId="B36" refString="Elven, R, Murray, DF, 2008. New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2 (1): 433 - 436" title="New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora." volume="2" year="2008">Elven and Murray 2008</bibRefCitation>
, http://svalbardflora.no/).
<bibRefCitation author="Cody, W" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B23" refString="Cody, W, Blondeau, M, Cayouette, J, 1988. Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America. Rhodora 90: 27 - 36" title="Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America." volume="90" year="1988">Cody et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium lapponicum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lapponicum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Coptidium lapponicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as present at all five sites in Canada, and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium pallasii" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pallasii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Coptidium pallasii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as present at only two sites, both in northern Quebec.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">
Throughout its range fruiting specimens have not been observed. Plants are assumed to be spread mainly by bird dispersal of stem-shoot fragments (
<bibRefCitation author="Elven, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" pagination="433 - 436" refId="B36" refString="Elven, R, Murray, DF, 2008. New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2 (1): 433 - 436" title="New combinations in the Panarctic vascular plant flora." volume="2" year="2008">Elven and Murray 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Elven, R" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas" pageId="37" pageNumber="60" publicationUrl="http://nhm2.uio.no/paf" refId="B37" refString="Elven, R, Murray, DF, Razzhivin, VY, Yurtsev, BA, 2011. Annotated checklist of the Panarctic Flora (PAF): Vascular plants, version 1.0., http://nhm2.uio.no/paf" title="Annotated checklist of the Panarctic Flora (PAF): Vascular plants, version 1.0" url="http://nhm2.uio.no/paf" year="2011">Elven et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation author="Cody, W" journalOrPublisher="Rhodora" pageId="36" pageNumber="59" pagination="27 - 36" refId="B23" refString="Cody, W, Blondeau, M, Cayouette, J, 1988. Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America. Rhodora 90: 27 - 36" title="Ranunculus x spitzbergensis (Nath.) Hadac, an addition to the flora of North America." volume="90" year="1988">Cody et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
considered there to be no evidence for long distance dispersal and suggested that separate hybridization events occurred at each locality sometime in the past.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="55" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Canada. Nunavut</emphasis>
: Qikiqtaaluk Region, Baffin Island, Katannilik Territorial Park Reserve, Soper River valley, W bank, ca. 12 km S of Mount Joy, meadow along river opposite Group/Warden Cabin #7,
<geoCoordinate degrees="63" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="63.16389">63°9'50&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-69.665276">69°39'55&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 40 m, 8 July 2012,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Saarela, Gillespie, Sokoloff &amp; Bull 2194</emphasis>
(ALA, CAN-602059, O); Qikiqtaaluk Region, Baffin Island, Katannilik Territorial Park Reserve, Soper River, 18.5 km downstream (S) of its confluence with the Livingstone River, 2 km S of Emergency Cabin #8, E bank of river,
<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="2" value="62.98389">62°59'2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="1" value="-69.71694">69°43'1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 m, 14 July 2012,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Saarela, Gillespie, Sokoloff &amp; Bull 2419</emphasis>
(ALA, CAN-602060, MT, O, WIN).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="32" pageNumber="55" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Figure 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Coptidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coptidium spitsbergense" order="Ranunculales" pageId="32" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spitsbergense">
Coptidium
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
spitsbergense
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">A</emphasis>
habitat
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">B</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">C</emphasis>
flower,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="55">Saarela et al. 2419</emphasis>
. Photographs by L.J. Gillespie.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>