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<mods:title id="F483F3B91DD786DEABD2B1440BCF675E">Taxonomic revision of the Western Palaearctic bees of the subgenus Pseudomegachile (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae, Megachile)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="481E7707FFCC4E05FF5AF8AAFBB4FC70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6493406" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6493406" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:481E7707FFCC4E05FF5AF8AAFBB4FC70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/481E7707FFCC4E05FF5AF8AAFBB4FC70" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">
<subSubSection id="88AD959AFFCC4E04FF5AF8AAFE01F88F" box="[151,472,1821,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C008C611FFCC4E04FF5AF8AAFE01F88F" blockId="30.[151,472,1821,1847]" box="[151,472,1821,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">
<heading id="9B40717DFFCC4E04FF5AF8AAFE01F88F" bold="true" box="[151,472,1821,1847]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FF5AF8AAFE01F88F" bold="true" box="[151,472,1821,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCC4E04FF5AF8AAFEF1F88F" ID-CoL="3YRGT" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,296,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cyanipennis">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FF5AF8AAFEF1F88F" bold="true" box="[151,296,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">cyanipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="88AD959AFFCC4E05FF5AF8D3FBB4FC70" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" type="description">
<paragraph id="C008C611FFCC4E05FF5AF8D3FC38FCE5" blockId="30.[151,1436,1892,2025]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="282" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FF5AF8D3FEF2F8C5" bold="true" box="[151,299,1892,1917]" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">Description:</emphasis>
This group is one of the two main groups recognized in
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCC4E04FC19F8D3FB40F8C5" authorityName="Friese" authorityYear="1898" box="[980,1177,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="270" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pseudomegachile">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FC19F8D3FB40F8C5" box="[980,1177,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">Pseudomegachile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the second being the
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCC4E04FF5AF830FF37F818" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" box="[151,238,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FF5AF830FF37F818" box="[151,238,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. Following phylogenetic results from
<bibRefCitation id="A426BBE0FFCC4E04FCB5F83FFBBFF818" author="Trunz, V. &amp; Packer, L. &amp; Vieu, J. &amp; Arrigo, N. &amp; Praz, C. J." box="[888,1126,1927,1952]" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" pagination="245 - 259" refId="ref49375" refString="Trunz, V., Packer, L., Vieu, J., Arrigo, N. &amp; Praz, C. J. (2016) Comprehensive phylogeny, biogeography and new classification of the diverse bee tribe Megachilini: Can we use DNA barcodes in phylogenies of large genera? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 103, 245 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.07.004" type="journal article" year="2016">
Trunz
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FC04F83EFBD3F818" box="[969,1034,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, the group includes both Afrotropical species and Palaearctic species such as
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCC4E04FD29F81AFCABF87C" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1874" box="[740,882,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saussurei">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FD29F81AFCABF87C" box="[740,882,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">M. saussurei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCC4E04FC64F81AFBF2F87C" box="[937,1067,1965,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCC4E04FC64F81AFBF2F87C" box="[937,1067,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="281">M. nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and exhibits a wide variation of sizes and morphological structures (
<tableCitation id="8D35F3AAFFCC4E04FDE2F867FD5DF850" box="[559,644,2000,2025]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[147,224,663,683]" captionText="TABLE 1. Main diagnostic traits of recognized species and species groups of the subgenus Pseudomegachile in the western Palaearctic." pageId="30" pageNumber="281">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In the Palaearctic the group includes medium-sized to large species and shares the following female characteristics in addition to those mentioned in the key: mandible weakly 4- toothed, sometimes teeth 3 and 4 indistinct (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FD5DFF0BFCCDFF6C" box="[656,788,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–21" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,292,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[164,1421,292,1841]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6–21. Clypeus and mandibles of females. 6: M. foersteri. 7: M. incana. 8: M. blepharis sp. nov.. 9: M. cinnamomea. 10: M. saussurei. 11: M. nigripes. 12: M. seraxensis. 13: M. ericetorum. 14: M. sanguinipes. 15 (hairs removed on left): M. maxschwarzi sp. nov.. 16 (hairs removed on left): M. flavipes. 17 (hairs removed on left): M. tecta. 18: M. cinnamomea. 19, 20 (profile): M. farinosa. 21: M. riyadhensis (profile). CT: clypeal tooth, APA: apical premarginal area of mandible, HT: clypeal hair tuft, FC: facial comb of hairs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610532/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
); clypeus transversely concave on anterior third, apically truncate and usually slightly flared, with weak medial preapical protuberance (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FBF6FF68FB18FF40" box="[1083,1217,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–21" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1876,1899]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,292,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[164,1421,292,1841]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 6–21. Clypeus and mandibles of females. 6: M. foersteri. 7: M. incana. 8: M. blepharis sp. nov.. 9: M. cinnamomea. 10: M. saussurei. 11: M. nigripes. 12: M. seraxensis. 13: M. ericetorum. 14: M. sanguinipes. 15 (hairs removed on left): M. maxschwarzi sp. nov.. 16 (hairs removed on left): M. flavipes. 17 (hairs removed on left): M. tecta. 18: M. cinnamomea. 19, 20 (profile): M. farinosa. 21: M. riyadhensis (profile). CT: clypeal tooth, APA: apical premarginal area of mandible, HT: clypeal hair tuft, FC: facial comb of hairs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610532/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FB1FFF57FB26FF40" box="[1234,1279,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 134–141" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[170,1425,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[170,1425,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 134–141. Diagnostic traits of M. syriaca sp. nov., females. 134: habitus (lateral view). 135: habitus (dorsal view). 136: habitus (facial view). 137: clypeus. 138: vertex. 139: genal surface sculpture compared with that of, 140: M. yezidica sp. nov. and, 141: M. saussurei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610556/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">137</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FAC2FF68FAE5FF40" box="[1295,1340,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 148–152" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1291,1314]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1271]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[150,1436,193,1271]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 148–152. Diagnostic traits of M. yezidica sp. nov., females. Habitus in 148: lateral view, 149: dorsal view, 150: facial view. 151: clypeus. 152: vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610560/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">151</figureCitation>
); vertex relatively short, the ocelloccipital distance about 0.7 times as long as the interocellar distance to about as long. The integument is predominantly black, frequently with pale brown or yellow (fading to white) semi-erect hairs on the thorax and with conspicuous, complete apical hair bands on the tergites, comprising modified, appressed scale-like hairs (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FF2EFED8FE96FE30" box="[227,335,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 134–141" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[170,1425,193,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[170,1425,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 134–141. Diagnostic traits of M. syriaca sp. nov., females. 134: habitus (lateral view). 135: habitus (dorsal view). 136: habitus (facial view). 137: clypeus. 138: vertex. 139: genal surface sculpture compared with that of, 140: M. yezidica sp. nov. and, 141: M. saussurei." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610556/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 135</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FEAFFEC7FE49FE30" box="[354,400,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 148–152" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1291,1314]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1271]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[150,1436,193,1271]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 148–152. Diagnostic traits of M. yezidica sp. nov., females. Habitus in 148: lateral view, 149: dorsal view, 150: facial view. 151: clypeus. 152: vertex." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610560/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">149</figureCitation>
). Male characteristics additional to those mentioned in the key are: front coxal spine developed, short to long; preapical carina of T6 with evenly spaced short teeth, usually with a symmetrical median emargination and without lateral tooth (a small lateral tooth is present in
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCD4E05FC2BFE0EFBAEFE68" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1874" box="[998,1143,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saussurei">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCD4E05FC2BFE0EFBAEFE68" box="[998,1143,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">M. saussurei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCD4E05FB7EFE0EFAF4FE68" authority="Dorchin &amp; Praz, 2018" authorityName="Dorchin &amp; Praz" authorityYear="2018" box="[1203,1325,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syriaca" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCD4E05FB7EFE0EFAF4FE68" box="[1203,1325,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">M. syriaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E9F0A778FFCD4E05FAFBFE00FA4AFE68" box="[1334,1427,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" rank="species">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCD4E05FAFBFE00FA4AFE68" bold="true" box="[1334,1427,439,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FF52FE6BFEDEFE4C" box="[159,263,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 142–147" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1716,1739]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,697,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[150,1436,697,1695]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 142–147. Diagnostic traits of M. syriaca sp. nov., males. 142: holotype (lateral view). 143: holotype (facial view). Front basitarsus, 144: exterior surface, 145: interior surface. 146: middle basitarsus (exterior surface). 147: metasoma (dorsal posterior view). PHF: posterior hair fringe, PAC: preapical carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610558/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 147</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FED8FE6BFE9BFE4D" box="[277,322,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 153–158" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1232,1255]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1211]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1435,195,1211]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 153–158. Diagnostic traits of M. yezidica sp. nov., males. 153: holotype (lateral view). 154: holotype (facial view). Front basitarsus, 155: exterior surface, 156: interior surface. 157: middle basitarsus (exterior surface). 158: metasoma (dorsal posterior view). PHF: posterior hair fringe, PAC: preapical carina." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610562/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">158</figureCitation>
); T7 variable in form, produced into short or long apicomedial spine, trifid, or broadly truncate; sternites 5 and 6 with dense sclerotized capitate and spatulate hairs, the hairs so dense that hairs are covered by overlapping hairs, and with apicolateral tufts of long branched hairs (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FC50FD93FAC3FD84" box="[925,1306,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–82" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1764,1787]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,520,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,514,1751]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 71–82. Sternites 4–6 of males of the cyanipennis species group. 71–73: M. cyanipennis. 74–76: M. nigripes. 77–79: M. saussurei. 80–82: M. syriaca sp. nov.. Scale bars equal 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610544/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 82</figureCitation>
, 84, 85, 87, 88); S5 with apicomedian convexity and erect quadrangular spine extending beyond margin (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FB71FDF0FA4EFDD8" box="[1212,1431,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–82" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1764,1787]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,520,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,514,1751]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 71–82. Sternites 4–6 of males of the cyanipennis species group. 71–73: M. cyanipennis. 74–76: M. nigripes. 77–79: M. saussurei. 80–82: M. syriaca sp. nov.. Scale bars equal 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610544/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 72, 75, 78, 81</figureCitation>
, 84, 87); disc of S6 triangular separate from swollen lateral lobes at each side (
<figureCitation id="588CDA94FFCD4E05FC3BFDDBFB10FD3C" box="[1014,1225,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 71–82" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1764,1787]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,520,1745]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,514,1751]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 71–82. Sternites 4–6 of males of the cyanipennis species group. 71–73: M. cyanipennis. 74–76: M. nigripes. 77–79: M. saussurei. 80–82: M. syriaca sp. nov.. Scale bars equal 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610544/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Figs 73, 76, 79, 82</figureCitation>
, 85, 88); S8 broad, oblong, compared to slender, spear-shaped in the
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCD4E05FD04FD38FCF9FD10" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1838" box="[713,800,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCD4E05FD04FD38FCF9FD10" box="[713,800,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, usually with fine hairs on posteroventral surface and with only few long hairs on dorsal basolateral margins (Figs 97, 101); gonoforceps slender basally, gradually or strongly broadening posteriorly then strongly tapering apically, often with apex laterally compressed in dorsal view (Figs 98, 102); gonoforceps preapically with coarse branched hairs directed mesally and some finer but conspicuous hairs on apex (Figs 98, 102); integument black and vestiture frequently pale brown or yellow, forming conspicuous apical hair bands on metasomal tergites, as in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C008C611FFCD4E05FF0AFCDFFBB4FC70" blockId="31.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">
In addition to the species mentioned here,
<taxonomicName id="07B7BD92FFCD4E05FD75FCD0FB4BFC38" authority="Radoszkowski 1874" authorityName="Radoszkowski" authorityYear="1874" box="[696,1170,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Megachile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="F2C31A03FFCD4E05FD75FCD0FC79FC38" box="[696,928,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="282">Megachile chinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A426BBE0FFCD4E05FC67FCD0FB4BFC38" author="Radoszkowski, O." box="[938,1170,871,896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" pagination="132 - 163" refId="ref48401" refString="Radoszkowski, O. (1874) Supplement indispensable a l'article publie par M. Gerstaecker en 1869, sur quelques genres d'hymenopteres. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 48, 132 - 163." type="journal article" year="1874">Radoszkowski 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, of which a
<typeStatus id="1F0C78B3FFCD4E05FAE5FCDFFAA6FC38" box="[1320,1407,872,896]" pageId="31" pageNumber="282" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
is preserved in ISZP, also belongs to this group. This species, which has a comb of modified hairs on clypeus, supraclypeal area and frons does not occur in the western Palaearctic to our knowledge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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