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<mods:title id="C4FF13F77C7CD8D383B3AC93C8E62085">The wasp genus Sphex in Sub-Saharan Africa (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C20928FF8CFFBD427717E63E6C0F2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6498169" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195296782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6498169" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C20928FF8CFFBD427717E63E6C0F2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C20928FF8CFFBD427717E63E6C0F2F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C371EBB5FF8CFFBE427717E63F960B7B" box="[600,987,1790,1817]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF8CFFBE427717E63F960B7B" blockId="29.[600,987,1790,1817]" box="[600,987,1790,1817]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D09C0F52FF8CFFBE427717E63F960B7B" box="[600,987,1790,1817]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE427717E63F960B7B" bold="true" box="[600,987,1790,1817]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
Species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE432617E73FC70B7B" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[777,906,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE432617E73FC70B7B" bold="true" box="[777,906,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">argentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371EBB5FF8CFFBD409216583E6C0F2F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF8CFFBE4092165839040B1C" blockId="29.[189,1399,1856,1918]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE40D716593D390B38" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[248,372,1857,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE40D716593D390B38" box="[248,372,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">argentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group contains the following nine species:
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE43B4165838250B38" baseAuthorityName="Guiglia" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[923,1128,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrinus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE43B4165838250B38" box="[923,1128,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sphex erythrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE4453165838A50B38" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[1148,1256,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feijeni" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE4453165838A50B38" box="[1148,1256,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. feijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD957FF8CFFBE44DA1659393F0B39" box="[1269,1394,1857,1883]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE4092167C3D010B1F" authorityName="Christ" authorityYear="1791" box="[189,332,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumicatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE4092167C3D010B1F" box="[189,332,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. fumicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE4174167C3D830B1F" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1883" box="[347,462,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE4174167C3D830B1F" box="[347,462,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. lanatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE41F2167C3E260B1F" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[477,619,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufinervis">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE41F2167C3E260B1F" box="[477,619,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. rufinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE4255167C3F600B1F" authorityName="Magretti" authorityYear="1884" box="[634,813,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taschenbergi">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE4255167C3F600B1F" box="[634,813,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. taschenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE4313167C3F930B1F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[828,990,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE4313167C3F930B1F" box="[828,990,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. tomentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE43C3167C38240B1F" authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1873" box="[1004,1129,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torridus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE43C3167C38240B1F" box="[1004,1129,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. torridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE448E167C390E0B1F" authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1909" box="[1185,1347,1891,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="voeltzkowii">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE448E167C390E0B1F" box="[1185,1347,1891,1918]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. voeltzkowii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF8CFFBD409216BD3F070E5E" blockId="29.[189,1399,1957,2018]" lastBlockId="30.[188,1400,265,573]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
This group was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC5CFFF8CFFBE421216BD3EBB0BDD" author="Hensen R. V." box="[573,758,1957,1983]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="9 - 30" refId="ref130982" refString="Hensen R. V. 1991. Review of Malesian Sphecina (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Sphecinae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 134: 9 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Hensen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
, when it primarily encompassed species from the Australis and Orientalis regions. He correctly assigned the Afrotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8CFFBE443B16D038E90B80" authorityName="Christ" authorityYear="1791" box="[1044,1188,1992,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumicatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8CFFBE443B16D038E90B80" box="[1044,1188,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">S. fumicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the group, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC5CFFF8FFFBD409210113D8C0D41" author="Schmid-Egger Ch." box="[189,449,265,291]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="521 - 631" refId="ref131946" refString="Schmid-Egger Ch. 2014. Order Hymenoptera, families Crabronidae and Sphecidae. Further records and descriptions of new species. Arthropod Fauna of the UAE 5: 521 - 631." type="journal article" year="2014">Schmid-Egger (2014)</bibRefCitation>
added
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD420E10113E970D41" authorityName="Magretti" authorityYear="1884" box="[545,730,265,291]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taschenbergi">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD420E10113E970D41" box="[545,730,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. taschenbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on Palearctic records. The species treated here conform to Hensens diagnostic character, a bituberculate metanotum (
<figureCitation id="1350A4BBFF8FFFBD44231034381B0D25" box="[1036,1110,300,327]" captionStart="Figs 712. 78" captionStartId="15.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,265,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-104@15.[227,1360,265,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 712. 78. Dorsal view of scutellum and metanotum. 910. Lateral view of upper metapleural area (anterior = left). 11. Dorsal view of petiole. 12. Basitarsal rake. 7. Sphex tomentosus Fabricius, 1787, ♂. 8. S. meridionalis (Arnold, 1947), ♀. 9. S. torridus F. Smith, 1873, ♂. 10. S. nigrohirtus Kohl, 1895, ♀. 11. S. haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1781, ♀. 12. S. decipiens Kohl, 1895, ♀. α: defined as petiole length; β: defined as length of outer side of tarsomere I; arrow: antepenultimate spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299444/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). In most species of the group, the tubercles are usually very distinct, but occasional specimens and particularly members of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD4092106B3D180DEE" baseAuthorityName="Guiglia" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[189,341,370,397]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrinus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD4092106B3D180DEE" box="[189,341,370,397]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. erythrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD414A106B3D800DEF" authorityName="Dörfel &amp; Ohl" authorityYear="2022" box="[357,461,371,397]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="feijeni" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD414A106B3D800DEF" box="[357,461,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. feijeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CD957FF8FFFBD41F9106B3E010DEF" box="[470,588,371,397]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD42A5106B3F540DEF" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1895" box="[650,793,371,397]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufinervis">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD42A5106B3F540DEF" box="[650,793,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. rufinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have them more indistinct. Therefore, we opted to rely on an additional character for species group assignment that was mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAC5CFFF8FFFBD4481108E3D5C0DB6" author="Bohart R. M. &amp; Menke A. S." pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref129174" refString="Bohart R. M. &amp; Menke A. S. 1976. Sphecid Wasps of the World: a Generic Revision. University of California Press. https: // doi. org / 10.1525 / 9780520309548" type="book" year="1976">Bohart &amp; Menke (1976)</bibRefCitation>
: the presence of a linear swelling in front of the upper part of the spiracular groove (
<figureCitation id="1350A4BBFF8FFFBD44CE10A139650DB1" box="[1249,1320,441,467]" captionStart="Figs 712. 78" captionStartId="15.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,265,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-104@15.[227,1360,265,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 712. 78. Dorsal view of scutellum and metanotum. 910. Lateral view of upper metapleural area (anterior = left). 11. Dorsal view of petiole. 12. Basitarsal rake. 7. Sphex tomentosus Fabricius, 1787, ♂. 8. S. meridionalis (Arnold, 1947), ♀. 9. S. torridus F. Smith, 1873, ♂. 10. S. nigrohirtus Kohl, 1895, ♀. 11. S. haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1781, ♀. 12. S. decipiens Kohl, 1895, ♀. α: defined as petiole length; β: defined as length of outer side of tarsomere I; arrow: antepenultimate spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299444/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Only members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD415010C53DB60D94" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[383,507,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD415010C53DB60D94" box="[383,507,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">argentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group possess both of these traits, whereas others may have an indistinctly bituberculate metanotum but lack the spiracular swelling (
<figureCitation id="1350A4BBFF8FFFBD434910E73FF00E78" box="[870,957,511,538]" captionStart="Figs 712. 78" captionStartId="15.[189,241,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[227,1360,265,1833]" captionTargetId="figure-104@15.[227,1360,265,1833]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 712. 78. Dorsal view of scutellum and metanotum. 910. Lateral view of upper metapleural area (anterior = left). 11. Dorsal view of petiole. 12. Basitarsal rake. 7. Sphex tomentosus Fabricius, 1787, ♂. 8. S. meridionalis (Arnold, 1947), ♀. 9. S. torridus F. Smith, 1873, ♂. 10. S. nigrohirtus Kohl, 1895, ♀. 11. S. haemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1781, ♀. 12. S. decipiens Kohl, 1895, ♀. α: defined as petiole length; β: defined as length of outer side of tarsomere I; arrow: antepenultimate spine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6299444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6299444/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). In the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD4435131838390E7B" box="[1050,1140,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="satanas">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD4435131838390E7B" box="[1050,1140,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">satanas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, the swelling is present, but the metanotum is always unmistakably flat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF8FFFBD4092137C387F0E8A" blockId="30.[188,1399,612,744]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Males in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD417E137D3D800E1C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[337,461,613,638]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD417E137D3D800E1C" box="[337,461,613,638]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">argentatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group seem to have much greater intraspecific size variations than those of other groups. Length differences of up to ± 20% were observed. When sequenced, the differences in the CO1 gene for a small and a large individual of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD428F13B33F5E0EA6" authorityName="Mocsary" authorityYear="1883" box="[672,787,682,709]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanatus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD428F13B33F5E0EA6" box="[672,787,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. lanatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were minimal, so any size variations may simply be the result of differing amounts of available food during larval development.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD4B83EFF8FFFBD409212083E6C0F2F" blockId="30.[189,1399,783,845]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
In contrast to all other African species groups of
<taxonomicName id="4C6BC3BDFF8FFFBD432712173F000F4B" baseAuthorityName="Bohart &amp; Menke" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[776,845,783,809]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Sphex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91F642CFF8FFFBD432712173F000F4B" box="[776,845,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sphex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the orientation of the erect propodeal setae is not uniform within this group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>