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<mods:title id="8D7161492E547CCE67F97A86F760E51C">A taxonomic revision of the Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968 species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9B8D6703BE67BFA36E0D483515AB522">Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s / n - Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil &amp; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6601 - 5967</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901051" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192601204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5901051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D7EFFDA76BFFB6FFD84A54A" blockId="3.[151,653,1265,1328]" box="[151,549,1265,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0E881C32D7EFFDA76BFFB6FFD84A54A" bold="true" box="[151,549,1265,1292]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA76BFFB6FFD84A54A" authority="Endrodi, 1968" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,549,1265,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA76BFFB6FFD84A54A" bold="true" box="[151,549,1265,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA76BFFB6FFECDA54D" bold="true" box="[151,364,1265,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA775BFB6FFD84A54A" author="Endrodi, S." box="[371,549,1265,1291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref10112" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968). Neue Arten der Pentodontini. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 21 (12), 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30565242D7EFFDA76BFFA8BFD2CA56E" box="[151,653,1301,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D7EFFDA76BFFA8BFD2CA56E" blockId="3.[151,653,1265,1328]" box="[151,653,1301,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
(
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA76B7FA8BFEA5A56E" box="[159,260,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,504,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-148@4.[151,1435,489,1945]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype dorsal habitus with their respective labels on the right side: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus spinophallicus (Ratcliffe &amp; Cave, 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Figs. 2A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA7738FA8BFE94A56E" box="[272,309,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,277,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-60@6.[151,1435,273,1860]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male dorsal habitus: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus spinophallicus (Ratcliffe &amp; Cave, 2021); E, Bothynus belemensis new species (holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901053/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">3A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA7769FA8BFEC5A56E" box="[321,356,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1044,1068]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,182,1020]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[158,1429,181,1021]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pronotal tubercle: A, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968. Prosternal process: C, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; D, Bothynus belemensis new species. Arrows indicate tubercle bilobed in A, tubercle conical in B, prosternal process apex conical in C, and prosternal process apex rounded in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901055/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">4C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA7758FA8BFE34A571" box="[368,405,1301,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[155,1416,609,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-206@10.[151,1435,597,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spiculum gastrale: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus belemensis new species. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901059/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">5A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA7789FA8BFE46A56E" box="[417,487,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,187,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus in lateral view and parameres in dorsal view, respectively: AB, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; CD, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; EF, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; GH, Bothynus belemensis new species. lmp = left medial process, rbp = right basal process, rmp = right medial process. Arrow indicating elongated parameres apex in B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">6AB</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA77DBFA88FDB9A571" box="[499,536,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[157,1430,181,1936]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female dorsal habitus: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus belemensis new species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901065/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">7A</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA740CFA8BFDCBA56E" box="[548,618,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,731,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-202@13.[156,1431,730,1784]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female, detail of the anterior pronotal margin: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus belemensis new species. Female, internal view of the tergite 8: C, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; D, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; E, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; F, Bothynus belemensis. Arrows indicate arched margin in A, margin sinuous in B, and furrow in C. ip = internal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901069/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">8A, C</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA745EFA8BFD24A56E" box="[630,645,1301,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,453,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-171@14.[151,1435,453,1737]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographic distribution of the Bothynus villiersi species group. The star inscribed by a red circle indicates a possible mislabeled record." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901071/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D7EFFDA76BFFAC4FC14A5EE" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D7EFFDA76BFFAC4FC14A5EE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1370,1455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA76BFFAC4FEEAA533" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,331,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA76BFFAC4FEEAA533" box="[151,331,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE10BE2D7EFFDA7772FAC4FDBAA533" author="Endrodi, S." box="[346,539,1370,1394]" page="170" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA7772FAC4FDBAA533" author="Endrodi, S." box="[346,539,1370,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref10112" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968). Neue Arten der Pentodontini. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 21 (12), 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi 1968: 170</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(original description);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE10BE2D7EFFDA7523FAC4FC6EA533" author="Endrodi, S." box="[779,975,1370,1394]" page="122" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA7523FAC4FC6EA533" author="Endrodi, S." box="[779,975,1370,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref10141" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi 1969: 122</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 129130 (identification key and diagnosis);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE10BE2D7EFFDA76EFFAE6FE26A5D0" author="Endrodi, S." box="[199,391,1400,1425]" page="273" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA76EFFAE6FE26A5D0" author="Endrodi, S." box="[199,391,1400,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refId="ref10179" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the world. W. Junk, The Hague, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi 1985: 273</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(identification key);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE10BE2D7EFFDA7448FAE6FCACA5D0" author="Krajcik, M." box="[608,781,1400,1425]" page="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA7448FAE6FCACA5D0" author="Krajcik, M." box="[608,781,1400,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref10431" refString="Krajcik, M. (2005) Dynastinae of the world: checklist (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae). Animma X, Supplement 2, 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="2005">Krajcik 2005: 39</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist);
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA75A4FAE6FBEFA5D0" author="Abadie, E. I. &amp; Grossi, P. C. &amp; Wagner, P. S." box="[908,1102,1400,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refId="ref9892" refString="Abadie, E. I., Grossi, P. C. &amp; Wagner, P. S. (2008) A field guide of the Dynastidae family of the south of South America. Design &amp; Digital edition Javier Canete, Buenos Aires, 119 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Abadie
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA75F4FAE7FBA8A5D1" box="[988,1033,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
: plate 14 (figure 2);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE10BE2D7EFFDA7337FAE6FE8AA5EE" author="Grossi, P. C. &amp; Leivas, F. W. T. &amp; Almeida, L. M." page="116" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA7337FAE6FE8AA5EE" author="Grossi, P. C. &amp; Leivas, F. W. T. &amp; Almeida, L. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="52" pagination="113 - 123" refId="ref10239" refString="Grossi, P. C., Leivas, F. W. T. &amp; Almeida, L. M. (2011) Dynastinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae) dos Campos Gerais, Parana, Brasil. In: Carpanezzi, O. T. B. &amp; Campos, J. B. (Eds.), Coletaneas de pesquisas: Parques Estaduais de Vila Velha, Cerrado e Guartela. Instituto Ambiental do Parana, Curitiba, pp. 113 - 123." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Grossi
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA7341FAE7FA37A5D1" box="[1385,1430,1400,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 116
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distribution record);
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE10BE2D7EFFDA7424FA09FC9DA5EE" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. &amp; Gasca-Alvarez, H. J. &amp; Cave, R. D. &amp; Amat-Garcia, G." box="[524,828,1431,1455]" page="497" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" year="2016">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D7EFFDA7424FA09FC9DA5EE" author="Lopez-Garcia, M. M. &amp; Gasca-Alvarez, H. J. &amp; Cave, R. D. &amp; Amat-Garcia, G." box="[524,828,1431,1455]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" pagination="491 - 509" refId="ref10602" refString="Lopez-Garcia, M. M., Gasca-Alvarez, H. J., Cave, R. D. &amp; Amat-Garcia, G. (2016) An annotated checklist of the New World Pentodontini scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Zootaxa, 4170 (3), 491 - 509. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4170.3.4" type="journal article" year="2016">
López-García
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA74B5FA06FD6BA5EE" box="[669,714,1431,1455]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2016: 497
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(checklist).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D7EFFDA76BFFA43FC7FA77A" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D7EFFDA76BFFA43FC7FA77A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1501,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA76BFFA43FEABA5B6" bold="true" box="[151,266,1501,1527]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA7730FA43FE7CA5B6" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[280,477,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA7730FA43FE7CA5B6" box="[280,477,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species of the group by the following characters: spiculum gastrale with recurved lateral branches combined with a straight medial branch never wide at apex (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA72E6F99FFA8CA65D" box="[1230,1325,1537,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[155,1416,609,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-206@10.[151,1435,597,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spiculum gastrale: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus belemensis new species. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901059/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
); apex of parameres narrow and elongate (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA7421F9BBFDFEA67E" box="[521,607,1573,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,187,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus in lateral view and parameres in dorsal view, respectively: AB, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; CD, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; EF, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; GH, Bothynus belemensis new species. lmp = left medial process, rbp = right basal process, rmp = right medial process. Arrow indicating elongated parameres apex in B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
[arrow]); inner margin of each paramere with 1 strong process located at middle, never at base (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA77BEF9D7FE4FA625" box="[406,494,1609,1636]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,187,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus in lateral view and parameres in dorsal view, respectively: AB, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; CD, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; EF, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; GH, Bothynus belemensis new species. lmp = left medial process, rbp = right basal process, rmp = right medial process. Arrow indicating elongated parameres apex in B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901063/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
); posterior internal plate of tergite 8 parabolic, with a medial furrow in female (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA7347F9D7FF19A6C6" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,731,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-202@13.[156,1431,730,1784]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female, detail of the anterior pronotal margin: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus belemensis new species. Female, internal view of the tergite 8: C, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; D, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; E, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; F, Bothynus belemensis. Arrows indicate arched margin in A, margin sinuous in B, and furrow in C. ip = internal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901069/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
[arrow]). The configuration of parameres of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA7481F9F0FCBCA6C6" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[681,797,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA7481F9F0FCBCA6C6" box="[681,797,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles those of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA75DEF9F0FB16A6C6" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Grossi &amp; Dupuis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Ratcliffe &amp; Cave" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1014,1207,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinophallicus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA75DEF9F0FB16A6C6" box="[1014,1207,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. spinophallicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is distinguished by the elongate parameres apex and the left paramere have a strong process in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA7218F90CFB09A6EA" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[1072,1192,1681,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA7218F90CFB09A6EA" box="[1072,1192,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Regarding the other species within the group,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA779CF928FD89A68E" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[436,552,1717,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA779CF928FD89A68E" box="[436,552,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique with both processes located at the middle of the inner margin, instead of located basally such in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA77EBF944FDE2A6B2" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[451,579,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA77EBF944FDE2A6B2" box="[451,579,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA747BF944FD4DA6B2" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1983" box="[595,748,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvarengai">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA747BF944FD4DA6B2" box="[595,748,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. alvarengai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA7505F944FC68A6B2" authorityName="Duarte, Grossi, &amp; Dupuis" authorityYear="2022" box="[813,969,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="belemensis">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA7505F944FC68A6B2" box="[813,969,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. belemensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA72A8F944FB56A6B2" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[1152,1271,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA72A8F944FB56A6B2" box="[1152,1271,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also unique with the internal plate of tergite 8 parabolic in shape combined with a longitudinal furrow, while other females of the group have the internal plate bilobed or subtrapezoidal, lacking furrow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D7EFFDD76EFF8DBFEFBA190" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D7EFFDA76EFF8DBFE8FA7B1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1501,2032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA76EFF8DBFE4EA71E" bold="true" box="[199,495,1861,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Type material examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D7EFFDA7429F8DBFDC8A71E" box="[513,617,1861,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D7EFFDA7495F8DBFCB9A71E" box="[701,792,1861,1887]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">HNHM</collectionCode>
), labeled: “Itapiranga II 34” [white label] / “
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D7EFFDA730DF8DBFA3CA71E" box="[1317,1437,1861,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA76BFF8F7FE03A7C2" authority="Endr." authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,418,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA76BFF8F7FEFCA7C2" box="[151,349,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
Endr.
</taxonomicName>
” [white label, bordered in red, partially handwritten] (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D7EFFDA722AF8F7FBFCA7C2" box="[1026,1117,1897,1923]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1968,1992]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,504,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-148@4.[151,1435,489,1945]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype dorsal habitus with their respective labels on the right side: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus spinophallicus (Ratcliffe &amp; Cave, 2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901049/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Two males and
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D7EFFDA7309F8F4FA3DA7C2" box="[1313,1436,1897,1924]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D7EFFDA76BFF810FEA3A7E9" box="[151,258,1934,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D7EFFDA773EF813FECDA7E6" box="[278,364,1933,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">ZMHB</collectionCode>
), labeled: “Goyaz L Bulhoes Spitz S.” [white label] / “Arrow determ.
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA7286F813FAB7A7E6" authorityName="Hope" authorityYear="1837" box="[1198,1302,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA7286F813FAB7A7E6" box="[1198,1302,1933,1959]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Bothynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[illegible]” [white label, partially handwritten] / “
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D7EFFDA7413F82FFD0DA78A" box="[571,684,1969,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D7EFFDA749BF82FFC1CA78A" authority="Endr." authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[691,957,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D7EFFDA749BF82FFCD6A78A" box="[691,887,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="52">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
Endr.
</taxonomicName>
” [white label, bordered in orange, partially handwritten].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D79FFDD76EFFF08FEFBA190" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD76EFFF08FD90A0F1" bold="true" box="[199,561,150,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Additional material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD7469FF09FEE0A094" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072320" collectingDate="2006-02-15" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="K. V. Filho" country="Brazil" location="Dourados" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D79FFDD7469FF09FD0AA0F0" box="[577,683,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D79FFDD749FFF09FC51A0F0" box="[695,1008,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MATO GROSSO DO SUL</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD75D5FF09FBCCA0F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD75D5FF09FBCCA0F0" box="[1021,1133,151,177]" country="Brazil" name="Dourados" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">Dourados</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD7252FF08FB4FA0F0" box="[1146,1262,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2006-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD7252FF08FB4FA0F0" box="[1146,1262,150,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2006-02-15">15.ii.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26EA53792D79FFDD72D3FF09FAD4A0F0" box="[1275,1397,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">K.V. Filho</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD73BCFF09FF6CA094" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD76F3FF25FE98A094" box="[219,313,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD7763FF25FD55A094" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072373" box="[331,756,187,213]" collectingDate="2002-11" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Gelain" country="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD7763FF25FE09A094" box="[331,424,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2002-11">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD7763FF25FE09A094" box="[331,424,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2002-11">xi. 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
, E.
<collectorName id="26EA53792D79FFDD77F8FF25FDBFA094" box="[464,542,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Gelain</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD7414FF25FD21A094" box="[572,640,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD74A6FF25FD4DA094" box="[654,748,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD74D5FF25FAFAA094" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072316" box="[765,1371,187,213]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Brazil" location="RIO DE JANEIRO" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D79FFDD74D5FF25FC77A094" box="[765,982,187,213]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">RIO DE JANEIRO</collectingRegion>
: Nova Friburgo—
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD728DFF25FB48A094" box="[1189,1257,187,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD72DFFF25FAF2A094" box="[1271,1363,187,213]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD734CFF22FA39A0B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072336" collectingDate="2008-10-10" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="L. Santos" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" location="Area de Protecao Ambiental" municipality="Vargem Limpa" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D79FFDD734CFF22FF57A0B8" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">SÃO PAULO</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62C14E232D79FFDD772BFF41FEEBA0B8" box="[259,330,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bauru</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4ACD52D79FFDD7770FF41FDA5A0B8" box="[344,516,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Vargem Limpa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD743AFF7EFCFBA0B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD743AFF7EFCFBA0B8" box="[530,858,223,251]" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" municipality="Vargem Limpa" name="Area de Protecao Ambiental" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Área de Proteção Ambiental</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD7540FF41FC7BA0B8" box="[872,986,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2008-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD7540FF41FC7BA0B8" box="[872,986,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2008-10-10">10.x.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, at light,
<collectorName id="26EA53792D79FFDD7262FF41FB18A0B8" box="[1098,1209,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">L. Santos</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD72F0FF41FA81A0B8" box="[1240,1312,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD731AFF41FA31A0B8" box="[1330,1424,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD76BFFE9DFEA4A100" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072372" collectingDate="2019-11-26" collectingDateMax="2019-12-02" collectingDateMin="2019-11-26" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Matheus Bento" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" location="Arm. Luiz de Queiroz" municipality="Instituto Lauro de Souza" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingCounty id="62C14E232D79FFDD76BFFE9DFF7FA15C" box="[151,222,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bauru</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4ACD52D79FFDD76C2FE9DFE5CA15C" box="[234,509,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Instituto Lauro de Souza</collectingMunicipality>
lima,
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD746AFE9DFC9DA15C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD746AFE9DFC9DA15C" box="[578,828,259,285]" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" municipality="Instituto Lauro de Souza" name="Arm. Luiz de Queiroz" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Arm. Luiz de Queiroz</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD756FFE9DFBB0A15C" box="[839,1041,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2019-11-26" valueMax="2019-12-02" valueMin="2019-11-26">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD756FFE9DFBB0A15C" box="[839,1041,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2019-11-26" valueMax="2019-12-02" valueMin="2019-11-26">26.xi02.xii.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26EA53792D79FFDD7234FE9DFB68A15C" box="[1052,1225,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Matheus Bento</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD72CFFE9DFA91A15C" box="[1255,1328,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD7313FE9DFA3DA15C" box="[1339,1436,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD76B7FEB9FF5CA100" box="[159,253,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD7727FEB9FA39A100" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072322" box="[271,1432,294,321]" collectingDate="2019-10-04" collectingDateMax="2019-10-05" collectingDateMin="2019-10-04" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" location="Arm. Luiz de Queiroz" municipality="Instituto Lauro de Souza" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingCounty id="62C14E232D79FFDD7727FEB9FEF7A100" box="[271,342,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bauru</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4ACD52D79FFDD7749FEB9FDD2A100" box="[353,627,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Instituto Lauro de Souza</collectingMunicipality>
lima,
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD749FFEB9FC0EA100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD749FFEB9FC0EA100" box="[695,943,295,321]" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" municipality="Instituto Lauro de Souza" name="Arm. Luiz de Queiroz" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Arm. Luiz de Queiroz</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD7592FEB8FB9BA100" box="[954,1082,294,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2019-10-04" valueMax="2019-10-05" valueMin="2019-10-04">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD7592FEB8FB9BA100" box="[954,1082,294,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2019-10-04" valueMax="2019-10-05" valueMin="2019-10-04">45.x.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, white light—
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD72F7FEB9FA85A100" box="[1247,1316,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD731AFEB9FA31A100" box="[1330,1424,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD76BFFED5FA92A124" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072309" box="[151,1331,331,357]" collectingDate="2020-12" collectionCode="CERPE" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" location="Arm. Luiz de Queiroz" municipality="Instituto Lauro de Souza" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<collectingCounty id="62C14E232D79FFDD76BFFED5FF7FA124" box="[151,222,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bauru</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4ACD52D79FFDD76C6FED5FDB1A124" box="[238,528,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Instituto Lauro de Souza</collectingMunicipality>
lima,
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD7476FED5FCC7A124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD7476FED5FCC7A124" box="[606,870,331,357]" country="Brazil" county="Bauru" municipality="Instituto Lauro de Souza" name="Arm. Luiz de Queiroz" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Arm. Luiz de Queiroz</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD755EFED5FC77A124" box="[886,982,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2020-12">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD755EFED5FC77A124" box="[886,982,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2020-12">xii.2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, at light—
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD7272FED5FB1BA124" box="[1114,1210,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD72E5FED5FA8AA124" box="[1229,1323,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD736BFED5FD84A1C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072314" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
with no precise locality—
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD774EFEF1FE0EA1C8" box="[358,431,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD77E9FEF1FDBCA1C8" box="[449,541,367,393]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD741BFEF1FA3CA1C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072357" box="[563,1437,367,393]" collectingDate="2021-01" collectionCode="CERPE" collectorName="Matheus Bento" country="Brazil" location="Pederneiras" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD741BFEF1FD18A1C8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD741BFEF1FD18A1C8" box="[563,697,367,393]" country="Brazil" name="Pederneiras" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">Pederneiras</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD74EEFEF1FCB1A1C8" box="[710,784,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2021-01">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD74EEFEF1FCB1A1C8" box="[710,784,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2021-01">i.2021</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="525E4EB82D79FFDD7536FEF1FC4DA1C8" box="[798,1004,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Pennsylvania trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26EA53792D79FFDD75D2FEF1FB0AA1C8" box="[1018,1195,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Matheus Bento</collectorName>
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD72E1FEF1FA89A1C8" box="[1225,1320,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD7312FEF1FA34A1C8" box="[1338,1429,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CERPE</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD76BFFE0DFBD3A1EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072359" box="[151,1138,403,431]" collectingDate="2004-10-10" collectionCode="FDPC" country="Paraguay" location="Zanja Moroti" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Concepcion">
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D79FFDD76BFFE0DFE91A1EC" box="[151,304,403,429]" name="Paraguay" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D79FFDD7714FE0AFE52A1EE" box="[316,499,404,431]" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">CONCEPCIÓN</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD7429FE0DFD3AA1EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD7429FE0DFD3AA1EC" box="[513,667,403,429]" country="Paraguay" name="Zanja Moroti" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Concepcion">Zanja Moroti</location>
,
<date id="FFA1106F2D79FFDD7480FE0DFCB7A1EC" box="[680,790,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2004-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFE5E9872D79FFDD7480FE0DFCB7A1EC" box="[680,790,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2004-10-10">10.x.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD751CFE0DFC31A1EC" box="[820,912,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD75B6FE0DFBADA1EC" box="[926,1036,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD7236FE0DFBCBA1EC" box="[1054,1130,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FDPC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D79FFDD7257FE0DFEF7A190" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072303" collectionCode="MNHN" country="Paraguay" location="With" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Concepcion">
<location id="8EC060742D79FFDD7257FE0DFB17A1EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D79FFDD7257FE0DFB17A1EC" box="[1151,1206,403,429]" country="Paraguay" name="With" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Concepcion">With</location>
no data—
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD731DFE0DFA21A1EC" box="[1333,1408,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D79FFDD73A6FE0DFF42A190" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE6A2D79FFDD76DAFE29FEEFA190" box="[242,334,439,465]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6066272D79FFDD76BFF82EFA97A7AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5901049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901049/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" startId="4.[151,249,1968,1992]" targetBox="[153,1428,504,1932]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D79FFDD76BFF82EFA97A7AD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1968,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD76BFF82EFEABA789" bold="true" box="[151,266,1968,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Holotype dorsal habitus with their respective labels on the right side:
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD7593F82EFC6CA789" bold="true" box="[955,973,1968,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D79FFDD75F1F82EFABBA789" authority="Endrodi, 1968" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[985,1306,1968,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD75F1F82EFB24A789" box="[985,1157,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D79FFDD72A3F82EFABBA789" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1163,1306,1968,1992]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref10112" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968). Neue Arten der Pentodontini. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 21 (12), 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD730CF82FFA94A788" bold="true" box="[1316,1333,1969,1993]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D79FFDD7368F82EFE25A7AD" authority="Endrodi, 1968" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD7368F82EFF4DA7AD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bothynus horridus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D79FFDD76DBF84AFE25A7AD" author="Endrodi, S." box="[243,388,2004,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref10112" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968). Neue Arten der Pentodontini. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 21 (12), 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD77A5F84AFE3EA7AD" bold="true" box="[397,415,2004,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D79FFDD7783F84AFCB9A7AC" authority="Martinez, 1983" authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="1983" box="[427,792,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alvarengai">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD7783F84AFDD9A7AD" box="[427,632,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bothynus alvarengai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D79FFDD7456F84BFCB9A7AC" author="Martinez, A." box="[638,792,2005,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" pagination="297 - 300" refId="ref10673" refString="Martinez, A. (1983) Nueva especie de Bothynus de Brasil (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Pentodontini). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 27, 297 - 300." type="journal article" year="1983">Martínez, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD750AF84BFC95A7AC" bold="true" box="[802,820,2005,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D79FFDD7568F84AFA91A7AC" authority="(Ratcliffe &amp; Cave, 2021)" authorityName="Duarte &amp; Grossi &amp; Dupuis" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Ratcliffe &amp; Cave" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[832,1328,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinophallicus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D79FFDD7568F84AFB92A7AD" box="[832,1075,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Bothynus spinophallicus</emphasis>
(Ratcliffe &amp; Cave, 2021)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D78FFDC76EFFF08FDE1A3E5" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D78FFDC76EFFF08FAF0A2B1" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76EFFF08FDDAA0F1" bold="true" box="[199,635,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
Description. Male (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC7798FF08FDACA0F1" box="[432,525,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,277,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-60@6.[151,1435,273,1860]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male dorsal habitus: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus spinophallicus (Ratcliffe &amp; Cave, 2021); E, Bothynus belemensis new species (holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901053/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Length
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CE79B4A2D78FFDC74A4FF08FC95A0F0" box="[652,820,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.085" metricValueMax="2.51" metricValueMin="1.66" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="20.85" valueMax="25.1" valueMin="16.6">16.625.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7569FF08FC2CA0F1" bold="true" box="[833,909,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Width</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CE79B4A2D78FFDC75B6FF08FB98A0F0" box="[926,1081,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="10.1" valueMax="12.7" valueMin="7.5">7.512.7 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC726EFF08FB2BA0F1" bold="true" box="[1094,1162,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Color</emphasis>
: Predominantly reddish brown; pro-, meso-, and metatarsi darker.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC745EFF24FD17A095" bold="true" box="[630,694,186,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Head</emphasis>
: Clypeal anterior teeth usually small. Frontoclypeal ridge mostly arched. Frontal surface from flattened to slightly concave, glabrous, transversely rugopunctate; punctures large, C-shaped. Interocular width equals 3.4 times transverse eye diameters.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7594FE9CFBEAA15D" bold="true" box="[956,1099,258,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: Labrum arched, transversely covered with a brush of setae. Mandibles with triangular apical tooth, medial tooth triangular or lobed, basal tooth lobed. Galea sometimes with a weak notch on apex. Labium slightly sinuous laterally.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7270FED4FB70A125" bold="true" box="[1112,1233,330,356]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Pronotum</emphasis>
: Anterior tubercle conical; concavity usually shallow, sometimes deep; concavity surface from transversely rugose to punctate; sides densely covered with large, deep, contiguous punctures; posterior discal area from smooth to finely punctate.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7374FE0CFA35A1ED" bold="true" box="[1372,1428,402,428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw slightly enlarged compared to outer claw, diagonally truncate on apex. Mesotibia usually with two weakly crenulate carinae on outer surface.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC749DFE44FCA4A1B5" bold="true" box="[693,773,474,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Venter</emphasis>
: Prosternal process conical apically (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC7298FE44FAAAA1B5" box="[1200,1291,474,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1044,1068]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,182,1020]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[158,1429,181,1021]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pronotal tubercle: A, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968. Prosternal process: C, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; D, Bothynus belemensis new species. Arrows indicate tubercle bilobed in A, tubercle conical in B, prosternal process apex conical in C, and prosternal process apex rounded in D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7308FE44FA34A1B5" bold="true" box="[1312,1429,474,500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Ventrites 12 irregularly setose; ventrites 35 with a row of large, setose punctures on sides, and with a finely punctate and glabrous disc; ventrite 6 weakly punctate on sides, smooth on disc.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC726AFDBCFABDA27D" bold="true" box="[1090,1308,546,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Spiculum gastrale</emphasis>
: Y-shaped; lateral branches upward recurved, medial branch straight (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC751BFDD8FC31A220" box="[819,912,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[155,1416,609,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-206@10.[151,1435,597,1870]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Spiculum gastrale: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus belemensis new species. hs = hemisternite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901059/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Hemisternite barely sclerotized, provided of 12 scattered bristles.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC77A0FDF4FE5AA2C5" bold="true" box="[392,507,618,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Aedeagus</emphasis>
: Parameres, in lateral view (left side) (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC7592FDF4FBB4A2C4" box="[954,1045,618,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,187,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus in lateral view and parameres in dorsal view, respectively: AB, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; CD, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; EF, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; GH, Bothynus belemensis new species. lmp = left medial process, rbp = right basal process, rmp = right medial process. Arrow indicating elongated parameres apex in B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901063/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), subtriangular, abruptly narrowed ventrally at apex. Parameres, in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC74BEFD10FD4FA2E8" box="[662,750,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[168,1416,187,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aedeagus in lateral view and parameres in dorsal view, respectively: AB, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; CD, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; EF, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; GH, Bothynus belemensis new species. lmp = left medial process, rbp = right basal process, rmp = right medial process. Arrow indicating elongated parameres apex in B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901063/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
), oval shaped, elongate (1.5 times longer than wide), narrow laterally at apex; subapical outer margin of each paramere with a small lateroventral process; inner margin of each paramere with 1 triangular process at middle; inner process of right paramere longer compared those of left.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D78FFDC76EFFD64FDE1A3E5" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76EFFD64FD24A355" bold="true" box="[199,645,762,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
Description. Female (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC77EBFD64FDBDA355" box="[451,540,762,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[170,1412,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[157,1430,181,1936]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Female dorsal habitus: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; C, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; D, Bothynus belemensis new species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901065/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Length
</emphasis>
: 18.0
<quantity id="4CE79B4A2D78FFDC74FAFD64FC96A354" box="[722,823,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.1 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7568FD64FC2DA355" bold="true" box="[832,908,762,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Width</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4CE79B4A2D78FFDC75B1FD64FB8EA354" box="[921,1071,762,789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="9.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="9.85" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="9.2">9.210.5 mm</quantity>
.As male, except in the following aspects:
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76DFFC80FED8A379" bold="true" box="[247,377,798,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Anterior discal area moderately covered with large, deep, C-shaped punctures, scattered about 3 puncture diameters apart.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC77FCFCDCFDADA31D" bold="true" box="[468,524,834,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Legs</emphasis>
: Inner protarsal claw similar in shape to outer claw.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC724DFCDCFB7BA31D" bold="true" box="[1125,1242,834,860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Tergite 8 with a parabolic posterior internal plate, longitudinally furrowed at middle (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC7598FCF8FBABA3C1" box="[944,1034,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,731,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-202@13.[156,1431,730,1784]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female, detail of the anterior pronotal margin: A, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; B, Bothynus belemensis new species. Female, internal view of the tergite 8: C, Bothynus villiersi Endrödi, 1968; D, Bothynus horridus Endrödi, 1968; E, Bothynus alvarengai Martínez, 1983; F, Bothynus belemensis. Arrows indicate arched margin in A, margin sinuous in B, and furrow in C. ip = internal plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901069/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
). Ventrites 25 densely punctate at disc; ventrite 6 rugose, setose on disc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D78FFDC76EFFC30FB87A4E0" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D78FFDC76EFFC30FB87A4E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76EFFC30FE95A389" bold="true" box="[199,308,942,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D78FFDC776EFC30FE57A388" author="Endrodi, S." box="[326,502,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref10112" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968). Neue Arten der Pentodontini. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 21 (12), 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi (1968)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D78FFDC749FFC31FC96A389" box="[695,823,942,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D78FFDC756AFC31FC03A388" box="[834,930,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC75F8FC31FBE8A389" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[976,1097,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC75F8FC31FBE8A389" box="[976,1097,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with locality data from
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC7342FC30FA3DA389" box="[1386,1436,942,968]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Pará</collectingRegion>
is preserved at SNSD. However, this specimen was not found among the
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC75C3FC4DFBC2A3AD" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[1003,1123,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC75C3FC4DFBC2A3AD" box="[1003,1123,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D78FFDC7244FC4DFB76A3AC" box="[1132,1239,979,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited at this institute. Rather,
<specimenCount id="9D19FD262D78FFDC777DFC69FE6EA451" box="[341,463,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D78FFDC77FDFC69FD94A450" box="[469,565,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC745FFC68FD08A451" box="[631,681,1014,1040]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Pará</collectingRegion>
labeled with the name “
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC759CFC68FB23A451" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[948,1154,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC759CFC68FB23A451" box="[948,1154,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Bothynus horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” handwritten by Endrödi was located. It seems to be the same specimen mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D78FFDC7566FB84FC5BA474" author="Endrodi, S." box="[846,1018,1050,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref10112" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968). Neue Arten der Pentodontini. Folia Entomologica Hungarica, Series Nova, 21 (12), 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi (1968)</bibRefCitation>
as the female
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D78FFDC72B7FB85FB5EA474" box="[1183,1279,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC730FFB85FA3CA475" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[1319,1437,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC730FFB85FA3CA475" box="[1319,1437,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC76FCFBA0FEA8A419" box="[212,265,1086,1112]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Pará</collectingRegion>
, but which was mistakenly labeled by him, since no
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D78FFDC757DFBA1FC14A418" box="[853,949,1087,1113]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC75F3FBA1FBFBA419" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[987,1114,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horridus">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC75F3FBA1FBFBA419" box="[987,1114,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. horridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this locality was stated by the author. This confusion leaves doubt regarding the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC7590FBFDFB8CA43D" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[952,1069,1122,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7590FBFDFB8CA43D" box="[952,1069,1122,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D78FFDC72FEFBFCFABFA43D" box="[1238,1310,1122,1148]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Moreover, no
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC7692FB19FE8EA4E1" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[186,303,1158,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7692FB19FE8EA4E1" box="[186,303,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">B. villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from this region was observed among the material examined by us.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D78FFDC76EFFB34FF47A4A9" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D78FFDC76EFFB34FF47A4A9" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76EFFB34FEF8A485" bold="true" box="[199,345,1194,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D2C2D78FFDC7741FB34FD91A485" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityYear="1968" box="[361,560,1194,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Bothynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="villiersi">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC7741FB34FD91A485" box="[361,560,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Bothynus villiersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and savannah areas from Campos Gerais region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30565242D78FFDC76EFFB6CFEA5A539" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D78FFDC76EFFB6CFD4AA54D" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[199,747,1266,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D78FFDC76EFFB6CFD46A54D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072370" box="[199,743,1266,1293]" country="Brazil" location="Itapiranga" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76EFFB6CFEC1A54D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1266,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54A4880D2D78FFDC76EFFB6CFEA3A54D" box="[199,258,1266,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
.
<location id="8EC060742D78FFDC7746FB6CFE43A54D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687B92D7EFFDC76BFFB6FFEA5A539:8EC060742D78FFDC7746FB6CFE43A54D" box="[366,482,1266,1292]" country="Brazil" name="Itapiranga" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Itapiranga</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC77C5FB6CFD34A54D" box="[493,661,1266,1292]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D78FFDC74B7FB6CFD46A54D" box="[671,743,1266,1292]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036AF2D78FFDC76BFFA88FEA5A539" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC76BFFA88FE54A571" bold="true" box="[151,501,1302,1328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
Geographical records (
<figureCitation id="13242A2A2D78FFDC7780FA88FE4DA571" box="[424,492,1302,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1761,1785]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,453,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-171@14.[151,1435,453,1737]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographic distribution of the Bothynus villiersi species group. The star inscribed by a red circle indicates a possible mislabeled record." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5901071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5901071/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D78FFDC742AFA88FC21A570" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072325" box="[514,896,1302,1329]" country="Brazil" location="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para">
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D78FFDC742AFA88FDCDA571" box="[514,620,1302,1328]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC745DFA88FD06A571" box="[629,679,1302,1328]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Pará</collectingRegion>
(erroneous record)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D78FFDC75A2FA89FE3AA515" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072348" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Para" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul">
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC75A2FA89FBCDA571" box="[906,1132,1302,1329]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Mato Grosso do Sul</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC725FFA88FABAA571" box="[1143,1307,1302,1328]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC730DFA88FA39A571" box="[1317,1432,1302,1328]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC76BFFAA4FF47A515" box="[151,230,1338,1364]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Paraná</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC76DAFAA4FE3AA515" box="[242,411,1338,1364]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B773CF22D78FFDC778EFAA4FC1AA515" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3455072317" box="[422,955,1338,1364]" country="Paraguay" location="Concepcion" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Concepcion">
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D78FFDC778EFAA4FD9EA515" box="[422,575,1338,1364]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49DBF84D2D78FFDC7461FAA4FD72A515" box="[585,723,1338,1364]" country="Paraguay" name="Concepcion" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Concepción</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC74F6FAA4FC1AA515" bold="true" box="[734,955,1338,1364]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Literature records</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
.
<collectingCountry id="F308763F2D78FFDC75E2FAA4FBC2A515" box="[970,1123,1338,1364]" name="Paraguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">PARAGUAY</collectingCountry>
: with no locality (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B5E2D78FFDC7306FAA4FF59A539" author="Abadie, E. I. &amp; Grossi, P. C. &amp; Wagner, P. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refId="ref9892" refString="Abadie, E. I., Grossi, P. C. &amp; Wagner, P. S. (2008) A field guide of the Dynastidae family of the south of South America. Design &amp; Digital edition Javier Canete, Buenos Aires, 119 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Abadie
<emphasis id="B96BEABD2D78FFDC73A0FAA5FF0CA539" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>