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<document id="1CEA3E4877878D624C29DB506CEB54FB" ID-CLB-Dataset="22796" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.26.88" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0ac34796-b3ba-4f48-8ac2-0195d8eed74c" ID-ISSN="13132970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576561" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1587953550109" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sittichaya, Wisut, Beaver, Roger, Liu, Lan-Yu &amp; Ngampongsai, Aran" docDate="2009" docId="03B687A2FFE8FFD61992283AFD3BF976" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2095.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 26 (26)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@7ac90dab" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Sinoxylon unidentatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FF8FFFDAFFE0FFDF191E2C2CFF9CFFF1" masterDocTitle="An illustrated key to powder post beetles (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) associated with rubberwood in Thailand, with new records and a checklist of species found in Southern Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1698836079669" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:title id="97A3508C25FE1EC07A9B68BA44F8D88E">An illustrated key to powder post beetles (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) associated with rubberwood in Thailand, with new records and a checklist of species found in Southern Thailand</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2F3750C1BAF4404151272C572086EA94">Sittichaya, Wisut</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8CC8ED864B020ECDA2F05EFBA3814185">,, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B604AD65A667FDF4F8E5B3F368A14AF">Beaver, Roger</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A7AB21F5257BE9562C7CE25D85B78266">Chiangmai ,, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5EF8DD7E40795329BAF9A2C8AA2B08B2">Liu, Lan-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9D139C0FCBF3BE97ADA475B8473A090">Ngampongsai, Aran</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B687A2FFE8FFD61992283AFD3BF976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3790428" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3790428" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B687A2FFE8FFD61992283AFD3BF976" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687A2FFE8FFD61992283AFD3BF976" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="C305653FFFE8FFD71992283AFE6AFBC1" box="[140,502,1046,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE8FFD71992283AFE6AFBC1" blockId="8.[140,502,1046,1108]" box="[140,502,1046,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0E881D8FFE8FFD71992283AFE6AFBC1" box="[140,502,1046,1073]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD71992283AFE6AFBC1" bold="true" box="[140,502,1046,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE8FFD71992283AFE38FBC0" ID-CoL="4XM55" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" box="[140,420,1046,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Sinoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unidentatum">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD71992283AFE38FBC0" bold="true" box="[140,420,1046,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Sinoxylon unidentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F.) †*
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305653FFFE8FFD719922816FF69FBA5" box="[140,245,1082,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE8FFD719922816FF69FBA5" blockId="8.[140,502,1046,1108]" box="[140,245,1082,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<figureCitation id="13242A31FFE8FFD719922816FF69FBA5" box="[140,245,1082,1108]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[140,212,1212,1234]" captionTargetBox="[140,1101,165,1191]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[420,1108,421,691]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Dorsal view of Sinoxylon anale Lesne, 1897 a and Sinoxylon unidentatum (Fabricius, 1801) b Lateral view of S. anale d and S. unidentatum e. Elytral declivity of Sinoxylon crassum Lesne, 1897 c." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Fig. 9b, e</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305653FFFE8FFD7199228ACFDBFFABA" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE8FFD7199228ACFDBFFABA" blockId="8.[140,1108,1152,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD7199228ACFEB7FB6B" bold="true" box="[140,299,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD7199228ACFEBAFB6B" box="[140,294,1152,1178]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
An Oriental species that has become almost cosmopolitan as a result of transport by man in infested timber. Th e species has usually been recorded under the name of its synonym,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE8FFD7189528EBFD65FB10" authority="Gerstaecker" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1855" box="[395,761,1223,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Sinoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conigerum">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD7189528EBFDF1FB11" box="[395,621,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Sinoxylon conigerum</emphasis>
Gerstaecker
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD71A1728EBFF57FAF5" author="Borowski J &amp; Wegrzynowicz P" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="ref5464" refString="Borowski J, Wegrzynowicz P (2007) World Catalogue of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera). Mantis Publishing, Olsztyn, 247 pp." type="book" year="2007">Borowski and Węgrzynowicz 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Recorded in Th ailand from the provinces: Chiangmai, Chonburi, Chumporn, Rayong, Samut Songkram, Satun, Songkla, Phattalung, Nakorn Sri Thammarat,
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE8FFD71D062921FBCFFAD6" box="[1048,1107,1293,1319]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Surat</collectingCountry>
Th ani, Phang Nga, Krabi and Trang
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305653FFFE8FFD619A7297FFF47FB4F" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE8FFD719A7297FFDA1FA26" blockId="8.[140,1108,1152,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD719A7297FFE99FA9C" bold="true" box="[185,261,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD719A7297FFE9CFA9C" box="[185,256,1363,1389]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" reason="1">Hosts</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Apparently polyphagous attacking almost any woody plant in suitable condition. No hosts appear to have been recorded in Th ailand. Previously recorded from
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE8FFD7199229B7FED5FA45" box="[140,329,1434,1460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hevea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD7199229B7FED5FA45" box="[140,329,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Hevea brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE8FFD7187129B6FE4EFA45" box="[367,466,1434,1460]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD718E529B6FD57FA45" author="Tomimura Y" box="[507,715,1434,1460]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="33 - 43" refId="ref6428" refString="Tomimura Y (1993) Chemical characteristics of rubberwood damaged by Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstacker. Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 365: 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1993">Tomimura (1993)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE8FFD71BC929B7FC08FA45" box="[727,916,1434,1460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hevea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD71BC929B7FC08FA45" box="[727,916,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Hevea brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is given as a major host by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD718122991FDA4FA26" author="CAB International" box="[268,568,1469,1495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="ref5488" refString="CAB International (2004) Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstaecker. Crop Protection Compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK." type="book" year="2004">CAB International (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE8FFD719A729CCFC3AF976" blockId="8.[140,1108,1152,1672]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD719A729CCFE87FA0B" bold="true" box="[185,283,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD719A729CCFE8AFA0B" box="[185,278,1504,1530]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" reason="1">Biology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
The biology of the species appears not to have been studied in detail, but is likely to resemble that of other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE8FFD71B962A2FFD6DF9EC" authorityName="Duftschmid" authorityYear="1825" box="[648,753,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Sinoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD71B962A2FFD6DF9EC" box="[648,753,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">Sinoxylon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD71A1F2A28FB83F9EF" author="Beeson CFC &amp; Bhatia BM" box="[769,1055,1539,1566]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="223 - 323" refId="ref5408" refString="Beeson CFC, Bhatia BM (1937) On the biology of the Bostrychidae (Coleopt.). Indian Forest Records, Entomology 2: 223 - 323." type="journal article" year="1937">Beeson and Bhatia 1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD71D332A2FFE87F9B3" author="Liu LY &amp; Schonitzer K &amp; Yang JT" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref6129" refString="Liu LY, Schonitzer K, Yang JT (2008 b) A review of the literature on the life history of Bostrichidae (Coleoptera). Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologische Gesselschaft 98: 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="2008">Liu et al. 2008b</bibRefCitation>
). A summary of what is known is given in
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD71A0C2A0BFBA9F9B0" author="CAB International" box="[786,1077,1575,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" refId="ref5488" refString="CAB International (2004) Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstaecker. Crop Protection Compendium. CAB International, Wallingford, UK." type="book" year="2004">CAB International (2004</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE8FFD719922A66FE84F995" authorityName="Gerstaecker" authorityYear="1855" box="[140,280,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Sinoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conigerum">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE8FFD719922A66FE84F995" box="[140,280,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="41">S. conigerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE8FFD718312A66FE60F995" author="Tomimura Y" box="[303,508,1610,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="41" pagination="33 - 43" refId="ref6428" refString="Tomimura Y (1993) Chemical characteristics of rubberwood damaged by Sinoxylon conigerum Gerstacker. Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 365: 33 - 43." type="journal article" year="1993">Tomimura (1993)</bibRefCitation>
showed that the adults and larvae reduced the starch content of rubber wood, but not the levels of holocellulose and lignin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD619842C9DFF3BFF36" blockId="9.[154,167,177,199]" box="[154,167,177,199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619842C9DFF3BFF36" bold="true" box="[154,167,177,199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">a</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD619842E72FF34FD85" blockId="9.[154,168,606,628]" box="[154,168,606,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619842E72FF34FD85" bold="true" box="[154,168,606,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF60663CFFE9FFD619922826FC1DFBD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3767227" box="[140,897,1034,1057]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767227/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" startId="9.[140,212,1034,1056]" targetBox="[164,1090,174,1015]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD619922826FC1DFBD1" blockId="9.[140,897,1034,1057]" box="[140,897,1034,1057]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619922826FF72FBD1" bold="true" box="[140,238,1034,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE9FFD619EA2827FDDBFBD0" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[244,583,1035,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Dinoderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619EA2827FE03FBD1" box="[244,415,1035,1056]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Dinoderus minutus</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
. Dorsal view
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD61BDA2826FD4DFBD1" bold="true" box="[708,721,1034,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">a</emphasis>
and lateral view
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD61A732826FCE7FBD1" bold="true" box="[877,891,1034,1056]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD619922871FEF0FB86" blockId="9.[140,439,1117,1214]" box="[140,364,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619922871FEF0FB86" bold="true" box="[140,364,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619922871FF57FB86" box="[140,203,1117,1143]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Tribe</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE9FFD619CC2871FEF0FB86" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1921" box="[210,364,1117,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Xyloperthini">Xyloperthini</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD6199228ACFE2BFB6B" blockId="9.[140,439,1117,1214]" box="[140,439,1152,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD6199228ACFE2BFB6B" bold="true" box="[140,439,1152,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE9FFD6199228ACFE14FB6B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[140,392,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capucinus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD6199228ACFE14FB6B" bold="true" box="[140,392,1152,1179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD6199228ACFE97FB6A" box="[140,267,1152,1179]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Xylopsocus</emphasis>
capucinus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F.)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD61992288FFF47FB4F" blockId="9.[140,439,1117,1214]" box="[140,219,1187,1214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Fig. 10</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305653FFFE9FFD6199228C5FBA0FA9F" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD6199228C5FBA0FA9F" blockId="9.[140,1108,1257,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD6199228C5FEBDFAF2" bold="true" box="[140,289,1257,1283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD6199228C5FE80FAF2" box="[140,284,1257,1283]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
throughout South and Southeast Asia from
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD61BEE28C6FCBBFAF5" box="[752,807,1258,1284]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
to the Indonesian archipelago, New
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD619F42921FEA7FAD6" box="[234,315,1293,1319]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Guinea</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD6185B2922FE70FAD6" box="[325,492,1293,1320]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, and the Melanesian islands; Introduced into Africa, South America,
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD619ED291CFEBBFABB" box="[243,295,1328,1354]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">USA</collectingCountry>
Recorded in Th ailand from the provinces Chaiyaphum, Chiangmai, Krabi, Nakorn Sri Th ammarat, Phattalung, Phang Nga, Satun, Songkla, Surat Thani and Trang.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C305653FFFE9FFD619A7295BFD3BF976" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD619A7295BFB90FA26" blockId="9.[140,1108,1257,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619A7295BFE99FA60" bold="true" box="[185,261,1399,1425]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619A7295BFE9CFA60" box="[185,256,1399,1425]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Hosts</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Apparently polyphagous attacking almost any woody plant in suitable condition. Previously recorded from
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE9FFD61B1729B7FD55FA45" box="[521,713,1434,1460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Hevea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD61B1729B7FD55FA45" box="[521,713,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Hevea brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD61BED29B6FCCAFA45" box="[755,854,1434,1460]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE9FFD61A9A29B6FBBCFA45" author="Miller NCE" box="[900,1056,1434,1460]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6232" refString="Miller NCE (1934) Coleopterous pests of stored Derris in Malaya. Department of Agriculture Straits Settlements Federated Malay States, Scientific Series 14: 1 - 34." type="book" year="1934">Miller (1934)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE9FFD619922991FEA3FA26" author="Hussein NBT" box="[140,319,1469,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="482 - 487" refId="ref5817" refString="Hussein NBT (1981) A preliminary assessment of the relative susceptibility of rubberwood to beetle infestation. Malaysian Forester 44: 482 - 487." type="journal article" year="1981">Hussein (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. No hosts appear to have been recorded previously in
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD61ABE2991FB94FA26" box="[928,1032,1469,1495]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Thailand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036B4FFE9FFD619A729CCFD3BF976" blockId="9.[140,1108,1257,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619A729CCFE87FA0B" bold="true" box="[185,283,1504,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD619A729CCFE8AFA0B" box="[185,278,1504,1530]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" reason="1">Biology</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE9FFD6183C29CDFDDAFA0B" author="Beeson CFC &amp; Bhatia BM" box="[290,582,1504,1531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="223 - 323" refId="ref5408" refString="Beeson CFC, Bhatia BM (1937) On the biology of the Bostrychidae (Coleopt.). Indian Forest Records, Entomology 2: 223 - 323." type="journal article" year="1937">Beeson and Bhatia (1937)</bibRefCitation>
note that in northern
<collectingCountry id="F3087624FFE9FFD61A5A29CCFC1EFA0B" box="[836,898,1504,1530]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">India</collectingCountry>
, the adults emerge mainly between May and November, with a annual life cycle, that may be extended for a further one or occasionally two years.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE9FFD61B4B2A0BFCC6F9B0" author="Woodruff RE &amp; Gerberg EJ &amp; Spilman TJ" box="[597,858,1574,1601]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" refId="ref6602" refString="Woodruff RE, Gerberg EJ, Spilman TJ (2005) A False Powder-post Beetle, Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). University of Florida, IFAS Extension Publication No. EENY- 179. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 4 pp." type="book" year="2005">Woodruff et al. (2005)</bibRefCitation>
give further information from the published literature. Th e biology of the closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D37FFE9FFD61AFA2A66FEBAF979" authority="Lesne" authorityName="Lesne" authorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Bostrichidae" genus="Xylopsocus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicuspis">
<emphasis id="B96BEAA6FFE9FFD61AFA2A66FF43F976" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="42">Xylopsocus bicuspis</emphasis>
Lesne
</taxonomicName>
is described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B45FFE9FFD618C42A41FD3FF976" author="Liu LY &amp; Schonitzer K &amp; Yang JT" box="[474,675,1645,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="42" pagination="5 - 12" refId="ref6091" refString="Liu LY, Schonitzer K, Yang JT (2008 a) On the biology of Xylopsocus bicuspis Lesne, 1901 (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Mitteilungen der Munchener Entomologische Gesselschaft 98: 5 - 12." type="journal article" year="2008">Liu et al. (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>