320 lines
39 KiB
XML
320 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ED6B1C4AFE0E0CFF71330608BB1B26DC">Taxonomic status of the genera Amphipholizona H. L. Clark, 1915 (Ophiuroidea, Ophiolepididae) and Amphigyptis Nielsen, 1932 (Hemieuryalidae): systematic placement and synonymy</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="92ADBCFDB7D0EED665A568F3CD171867">Gondim, Anne Isabelley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0962D6DA6279EE419FDA560B63726497">Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34EE9386D93289A6B5A3FACD2FE5262B">Dias, Thelma Lúcia Pereira</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8064D5D1F63C167A7243E2666106997">Solís-Marín, Francisco Alonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="010AADBEF59CBB8616D631E274FF28C5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="8B605C612B7DE048067A25264DBA4FD5">4097</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF8FF436C98FD6CFD5D" blockId="2.[151,657,645,671]" box="[151,657,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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<heading id="D0E881E2FFF0FFF8FF436C98FD6CFD5D" bold="true" box="[151,657,645,671]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF436C98FD6CFD5D" bold="true" box="[151,657,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF396C98FD6CFD5D" authority="H.L. Clark, 1915" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityYear="1915" box="[237,657,645,671]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF396C98FE48FD5D" bold="true" box="[237,437,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FE696C98FD6CFD5D" author="Clark" box="[445,657,645,671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Clark H. L. (1915) Catalogue of Recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (4), 163 - 376" type="journal article" year="1915">H.L. Clark, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3056505FFF0FFF8FF436CD1FD28FCFC" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF8FF436CD1FBE8FCC2" blockId="2.[151,1070,716,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF436CD1FDD9FD20" authority="H.L. Clark, 1915: 335" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,548,716,738]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF436CD1FEC0FD20" box="[151,317,716,738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABE109FFFF0FFF8FE976CD0FDD9FD20" author="Clark" box="[323,548,716,738]" page="335" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FE976CD0FE0EFD20" author="Clark" box="[323,499,716,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Clark H. L. (1915) Catalogue of Recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (4), 163 - 376" type="journal article" year="1915">H.L. Clark, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 335
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.―
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABE109FFFF0FFF8FD966CD1FD32FD20" author="Fell" box="[578,719,716,738]" page="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FD966CD1FD51FD20" author="Fell" box="[578,684,716,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Fell, H. B. (1960) Synoptic keys to the genera of Ophiuroidea. Zoological Publications of the Victoria University Wellington, 24, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Fell, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 34
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Key).―
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABE109FFFF0FFF8FCF96CD1FBD7FD20" author="Albuquerque" box="[813,1066,716,738]" page="257" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" year="1986">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FCF96CD1FC0AFD20" author="Albuquerque" box="[813,1015,716,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Albuquerque, M. N. (1986) Ophiuroidea Gray, 1840 (Echinodermata) da plataforma continental do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociencias da Universida de Sao Paulo., 393 pp." type="book" year="1986">Albuquerque, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 257
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF436CF7FE20FCC2" authority="Nielsen, 1932: 306" authorityName="Nielsen" authorityPageNumber="306" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,477,746,768]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF436CF7FEEBFCC2" box="[151,278,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphigyptis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABE109FFFF0FFF8FEC86CF7FE20FCC2" author="Nielsen" box="[284,477,746,768]" page="306" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FEC86CF7FE51FCC2" author="Nielsen" box="[284,428,746,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Nielsen, E. (1932) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California, and the Strait of Georgia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 91, 241 - 346." type="journal article" year="1932">Nielsen, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 306
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE109FFFF0FFF8FE286CF7FD75FCC2" author="Fell" box="[508,648,746,768]" page="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FE286CF7FD98FCC2" author="Fell" box="[508,613,746,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Fell, H. B. (1960) Synoptic keys to the genera of Ophiuroidea. Zoological Publications of the Victoria University Wellington, 24, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Fell, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 12
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(Key).―
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABE109FFFF0FFF8FD326CF7FBECFCC2" author="Solis-Marin" box="[742,1041,746,768]" page="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FD326CF7FC23FCC2" author="Solis-Marin" box="[742,990,746,768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Solis-Marin, F. A., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Duran-Gonzalez, A., Ahearn, C. G., Buitron-Sanchez, B. E. & Torres-Veja, J. (2005) Equinodermos (Echinodermata) del Golfo de California, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 53 (Supl. 3), 123 - 137." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Solís-Marín
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FCBD6CF6FC61FCC2" box="[873,924,746,768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2005
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 128
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF8FF436D35FD28FCFC" blockId="2.[151,725,808,830]" box="[151,725,808,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF436D35FED8FCFC" bold="true" box="[151,293,808,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Type-species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FEFF6D35FD28FCFC" authority="H.L. Clark 1915" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityYear="1915" box="[299,725,808,830]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="delicata">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FEFF6D35FDD7FCFC" box="[299,554,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona delicata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FDFB6D34FD28FCFC" author="Clark" box="[559,725,808,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Clark H. L. (1915) Catalogue of Recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (4), 163 - 376" type="journal article" year="1915">H.L. Clark 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3056505FFF0FFF8FF436D77FB6FFB99" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF8FF436D77FB6FFB99" blockId="2.[151,1437,874,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF436D77FEECFC41" bold="true" box="[151,273,874,899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Disc circular, covered by few, flat and polygonal plates. Bursal slits short, localized on lateral margin of oral shields. Abradial genital plate long. Abradial genital plate scale-like. Oral shields small and diamond-shaped. Adoral shields large, swollen, as wide as long, broadly united proximally. Two oral papillae, distalmost opercular. Infradental papillae rectangular. Stereom of arm plates simple and fine, and ornamented with minute thorns. Six arm spines, thin, dorsal longest. Arm spine articulation formed by two lip-shaped parallel ridges of the same length, slightly curved, separated at both ends, between them two large openings of nearly equal size (muscle and nerve opening). Tentacle pore large. Tentacle scale absent or restricted to first five arm segments.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3056505FFF0FFF9FF136A7BFE7FFD6A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF8FF136A7BFEB6FA25" blockId="2.[151,1437,874,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF136A7BFEC6FBBD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1126,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FE9E6A7AFDD8FBBD" author="Clark" box="[330,549,1126,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Clark H. L. (1915) Catalogue of Recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 25 (4), 163 - 376" type="journal article" year="1915">H.L. Clark (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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erected the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FCC36A7BFC32FBBC" box="[791,975,1126,1150]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FCC36A7BFC32FBBC" box="[791,975,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on
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<specimenCount id="9D19FD07FFF0FFF8FB8C6A7AFB05FBBD" box="[1112,1272,1126,1151]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
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collected off
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<collectingCountry id="F308761EFFF0FFF8FF436A97FEF8FB61" box="[151,261,1162,1187]" name="Barbados" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Barbados</collectingCountry>
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. According to him, his new genus showed a remarkable combination of characters between both, the oral surface being very amphiurid-like, while the dorsal side of the disc was
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC346AB3FBA6FB04" box="[992,1115,1198,1222]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Ophiolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FC346AB3FBA6FB04" box="[992,1115,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Ophiolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FB166AB3FF2EFB29" authority="Lyman, 1865" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1865" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Ophiozona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FB166AB3FAC0FB04" box="[1218,1341,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Ophiozona</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FA936AB2FF2EFB29" author="Lyman" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Lyman, T. (1865) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1865">Lyman, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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). However, the author preferred to put this genus in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC696ACFFB90FB29" box="[957,1133,1234,1259]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiolepididae</taxonomicName>
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, in view of the characters shown by the disc and the internal plates.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FDAD6AEBFD07FACD" author="Fell" box="[633,762,1270,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Fell, H. B. (1960) Synoptic keys to the genera of Ophiuroidea. Zoological Publications of the Victoria University Wellington, 24, 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1960">Fell (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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, in his synoptic key to Ophiuroidea, was the first author to place
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF0E6B06FE6FFAF1" box="[218,402,1307,1331]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF0E6B06FE6FFAF1" box="[218,402,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subfamily Ophiolepidinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FCC46B06FC27FAF1" author="Matsumoto" box="[784,986,1306,1331]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Matsumoto, H. (1915) A new classification of the Ophiuroidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 67, 43 - 92." type="journal article" year="1915">Matsumoto, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FB8F6B06FAEEFAF1" box="[1115,1299,1307,1331]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FB8F6B06FAEEFAF1" box="[1115,1299,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not fit into any of the two groups of Ophiolepidinae proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FCFD6B22FC02FA95" author="Matsumoto" box="[809,1023,1342,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Matsumoto, H. (1915) A new classification of the Ophiuroidea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 67, 43 - 92." type="journal article" year="1915">Matsumoto (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FBDD6B23FB38FA95" author="Tommasi" box="[1033,1221,1342,1367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refString="Tommasi, L. R. (1974) Equinodermes do Brasil. III. Observacoes sobre algumas especies coletadas durante as viagens do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha ". Boletim do Instituto Oceanografico, 23, 1 - 15. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0373 - 55241974000100001" type="journal article" year="1974">Tommasi (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on the other hand, classified the present genus in the subfamily Ophiolepidinae of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC586B7FFBDEFAB9" box="[908,1059,1378,1403]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Amphiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering that Ophiolepidinae had never been placed within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FE326B9BFD80FA5D" box="[486,637,1414,1439]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Amphiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we believe that Tommasi’s (1974) classification was an error. Borrero- Pérez
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF346BB6FEE1FA01" box="[224,284,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008) classified this genus in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FD686BB7FC1DFA01" authority="Lyman, 1865" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1865" box="[700,992,1450,1475]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||
Ophiuridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FC916BB6FC1DFA01" author="Lyman" box="[837,992,1450,1475]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Lyman, T. (1865) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1865">Lyman, 1865</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which they considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF436BD3FEB5FA25" box="[151,328,1486,1511]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiolepididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF8FF136BEEFB5BF855" blockId="2.[151,1437,874,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
|
||
Seventeen years after the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FD7E6BEEFBDEF9C9" authority="Nielsen (1932)" authorityName="Nielsen" authorityYear="1932" box="[682,1059,1522,1547]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FD7E6BEEFC9FF9C9" box="[682,866,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FCA26BEFFBDEF9C9" author="Nielsen" box="[886,1059,1522,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Nielsen, E. (1932) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California, and the Strait of Georgia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 91, 241 - 346." type="journal article" year="1932">Nielsen (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described the monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF43680BFEDEF9EC" box="[151,291,1558,1582]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF43680BFEDEF9EC" box="[151,291,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphigyptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on the basis of specimens collected in the Perlas Archipelago. This author stressed that the new genus presented the strongest likeness to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FDF06826FCA2F991" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[548,863,1594,1619]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiomoeris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FDF06826FD4BF991" box="[548,694,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Ophiomoeris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FD6B6827FCA2F991" author="Koehler" box="[703,863,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l'expdition du Siboga. I. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga Expeditie Monograph, 45 a, 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC456826FB3AF991" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[913,1223,1594,1619]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiogyptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiacanthida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FC456826FBE7F991" box="[913,1050,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Ophiogyptis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FBF76827FB3AF991" author="Koehler" box="[1059,1223,1594,1619]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l'expdition du Siboga. I. Ophiures de mer profonde. Siboga Expeditie Monograph, 45 a, 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and thus his new genus, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FE456843FDDEF9B4" box="[401,547,1630,1654]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiomoeris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FE456843FDDEF9B4" box="[401,547,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Ophiomoeris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FDB06843FC46F9B5" authority="Lyman, 1869" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1869" box="[612,955,1630,1655]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiochondrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FDB06843FCEFF9B4" box="[612,786,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Ophiochondrus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FCCB6842FC46F9B5" author="Lyman" box="[799,955,1630,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Lyman, T. (1869) Preliminary report on the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef by L. E. Pourtales. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard Colledge, 1, 309 - 354. Avaliable from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28860140 # page / 86 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 29 Mar. 2016)" type="journal article" year="1869">Lyman, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, formed a group within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FB366843FA65F9B5" box="[1250,1432,1630,1655]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Hemieuryalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FEAF689FFD26F959" authority="Verrill, 1899" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[379,731,1666,1691]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiurinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophiochondrinae">
|
||
Ophiochondrinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FD93689FFD26F959" author="Verrill" box="[583,731,1666,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Report on the Ophiuroidea collected by the Bahama Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1893. Bulletin of the University of Iowa, 5, 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FCB4689FFBF7F959" author="Nielsen" box="[864,1034,1666,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refString="Nielsen, E. (1932) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 1916. Ophiurans from the Gulf of Panama, California, and the Strait of Georgia. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, 91, 241 - 346." type="journal article" year="1932">Nielsen (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was not sure about the systematic placement of the genus. He found it impossible to decide if
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC9D68BBFC28F97C" box="[841,981,1702,1726]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FC9D68BBFC28F97C" box="[841,981,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphigyptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an amphiurid with the shape of an hemieuryalid or a hemieuryalid which has the paired infradental papillae characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FAD568D7FA65F921" box="[1281,1432,1738,1763]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Amphiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, the author preferred to place the new genus within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC3168F3FB66F8C5" box="[997,1179,1774,1799]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Hemieuryalidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FB7268F3FAAEF8C5" author="Thomas" box="[1190,1363,1774,1799]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refString="Thomas, L. P. (1966) A revision of the tropical American species of Amphipholis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Bulletim of Marine Science, 16 (4), 827 - 833." type="journal article" year="1966">Thomas (1966)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in his revision of the tropical American species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FD16690EFCB2F8E9" box="[706,847,1811,1835]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FD16690EFCB2F8E9" box="[706,847,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FBC9690EFB54F8E9" box="[1053,1193,1811,1835]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FBC9690EFB54F8E9" box="[1053,1193,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphigyptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FF43692BFED8F88C" box="[151,293,1846,1870]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FF43692BFED8F88C" box="[151,293,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FE8E692BFD65F88D" authority="Thomas, 1966" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1966" box="[346,664,1846,1871]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Axiognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FE8E692BFE1BF88C" box="[346,486,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Axiognathus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF0FFF8FE24692BFD65F88D" author="Thomas" box="[496,664,1846,1871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="395" refString="Thomas, L. P. (1966) A revision of the tropical American species of Amphipholis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Bulletim of Marine Science, 16 (4), 827 - 833." type="journal article" year="1966">Thomas, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We do not agree with this author, because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FB70692BFACDF88C" box="[1188,1328,1846,1870]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FB70692BFACDF88C" box="[1188,1328,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphigyptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not present the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FDEC6946FD38F8B1" box="[568,709,1883,1907]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FDEC6946FD38F8B1" box="[568,709,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These genera have a very similar pattern of oral papillae and some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FE9B6963FE21F854" box="[335,476,1918,1942]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphipholis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FE9B6963FE21F854" box="[335,476,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have one or no tentacle scales, but differ in all remaining traits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF0FFF9FF1369BEFDD6FEA6" blockId="2.[151,1437,874,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="384" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">
|
||
In this study, we compared specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FD7669BEFC40F879" box="[674,957,1955,1979]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="delicata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FD7669BEFC40F879" box="[674,957,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphipholizona delicata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF0FFF8FC2369BEFB12F879" box="[1015,1263,1955,1979]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="383" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="perplexa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF0FFF8FC2369BEFB12F879" box="[1015,1263,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="383">Amphigyptis perplexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and concluded that the genera must be synonymized, as no significant difference was found that could justify their maintenance as distinct taxa. Among the several characters that suggest they represent a single genus, includes the shape and covering pattern of the disc, the similar oral frame plates, and the similar morphology of the lateral arm plate. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF1FFF9FEE76EC2FDD8FF3A" author="Thuy" box="[307,549,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" refString="Thuy, B. & Stohr, S. (2011) Lateral arm plate morphology in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): new perspectives for ophiuroid micropalaeontology and classification. Zootaxa, 3013, 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="2011">Thuy & Stöhr (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, congeneric species generally share greater similarities in the lateral arm plate morphology than with species of other genera. According to the priority principle, article 23 of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FE1F6F35FD7EFE82" box="[459,643,296,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF1FFF9FE1F6F35FD7EFE82" box="[459,643,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must be considered the valid name for the genus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FB0F6F35FA9AFE82" box="[1243,1383,296,320]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" genus="Amphigyptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF1FFF9FB0F6F35FA9AFE82" box="[1243,1383,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Amphigyptis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FEB86F51FDDEFEA6" box="[364,547,332,356]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF1FFF9FEB86F51FDDEFEA6" box="[364,547,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA0368EFFF1FFF9FF136F6DFE7FFD6A" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
|
||
On the basis of the present SEM study of genital plates, lateral arm plate, arm spine articulations, and vertebrae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FED96F89FE39FE6E" box="[269,452,404,428]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF1FFF9FED96F89FE39FE6E" box="[269,452,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs greatly from the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FCEC6F89FC18FE6F" box="[824,997,404,429]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiolepididae</taxonomicName>
|
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FBCF6F89FB33FE6F" box="[1051,1230,404,429]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Hemieuryalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Hemieuryalidae</taxonomicName>
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but shares several characters with
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FE826FAAFE10FE12" box="[342,493,439,464]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Amphiuridae</taxonomicName>
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, particularly the oral structures and patterns of articulation of the arm spines. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B7FFFF1FFF9FEE16FC0FE04FE36" author="Martynov" box="[309,505,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="394" refString="Martynov, A. (2010) Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae. Zootaxa, 2697, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="2010">Martynov (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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, the
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<typeStatus id="54A4882CFFF1FFF9FDE66FC0FD9FFE37" box="[562,610,477,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">type</typeStatus>
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of arm spine articulation, in combination with some internal characters, such as the
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<typeStatus id="54A4882CFFF1FFF9FECE6C1DFEB7FDDA" box="[282,330,512,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">type</typeStatus>
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of vertebrae and jaw plates, are essential for clarifying taxonomic and phylogenetic placements at different levels (from families to species) within the systematics of Ophiuroidea. Thus, the presence of zygospondylous vertebrae, infradental papillae, and arm spine articulations typical of amphiurids demonstrate that the previous placement of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FE046C71FD75FD46" box="[464,648,620,644]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF1FFF9FE046C71FD75FD46" box="[464,648,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was incorrect. We thus suggest transferring
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FB426C71FAB3FD46" box="[1174,1358,620,644]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Amphipholizona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BEA9CFFF1FFF9FB426C71FAB3FD46" box="[1174,1358,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Amphipholizona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the family
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D0DFFF1FFF9FF336C92FE83FD6A" box="[231,382,655,680]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Amphiuridae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |