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<mods:title id="B01746CD97EBB637386C9C76C79F2ABD">Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron &amp; Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CEDE127F15F603CA" ID-CoL="MDRG" authority="Unterstein, 1930" authorityName="Unterstein" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,653,627,654]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE127F15F603CA" bold="true" box="[151,653,627,654]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE127F16DE03C9" bold="true" box="[151,421,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bolitoglossa paraensis</emphasis>
(
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)
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(
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A, 6)
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<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE12D4162F03B2" box="[151,340,735,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Oedipus paraensis</emphasis>
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: 271
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(
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ZMB 32907); 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CD7F12D4133203B3" author="Myers" box="[822,1097,734,756]" page="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1945">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CD7F12D4134B03B3" author="Myers" box="[822,1072,734,756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Myers, G. S. &amp; Carvalho A. L. de (1945) Notes on some new or little-known Brazilian amphibians, with an examination of the history of the Plata salamander, Ensatina platensis. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Serie, Zoologia, 35, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1945">Myers &amp; Carvalho 1945</bibRefCitation>
: 5
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CA1D12D5121503B3" author="Schmidt" box="[1108,1390,734,756]" page="443" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CA1D12D5124003B3" author="Schmidt" box="[1108,1339,734,756]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Schmidt, K. P. &amp; Inger, R. F. (1951) Amphibians and reptiles of the Hopkins-Branner Expedition to Brazil. Fieldiana Zoology, 31, 42, 439 - 465." type="journal article" year="1951">Schmidt &amp; Inger 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 443
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77565FFE02CEDE12F6132F0254" box="[151,1108,765,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE12F616450254" box="[151,318,765,787]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
Eladinea 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CEB012F616450254" authority="Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937: 42" authorityName="Miranda-Ribeiro" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1937" box="[249,318,765,787]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Elaeis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="estheri">estheri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CF0D12F615280255" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[324,595,765,787]" page="42" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CF0D12F6154B0255" author="Miranda-Ribeiro" box="[324,560,765,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de (1937) Uma salamandra no Baixo-Amazonas: Eladinea Estheri gen. e sp. novos. O Campo, 8, 42 - 46." type="journal article" year="1937">Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 42
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(
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MNRJ 68, four very young specimens).
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<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE131717880275" box="[151,243,796,818]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Eladinea</emphasis>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CF45131016F10276" author="Taylor" box="[268,394,795,817]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1944) The genera of plethodont salamanders in Mexico, Part I. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 30, 12, 189 - 232." type="journal article" year="1944">Taylor 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 222.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CEDE133114470217" blockId="7.[151,1436,734,1125]" box="[151,828,826,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77565FFE02CEDE133114470217" box="[151,828,826,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CEDE133116FF0217" ID-CoL="6SJNV" box="[151,388,826,848]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Oedipus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonicus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE133116FF0217" box="[151,388,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Oedipus altamazonicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CFD4133115600217" author="Parker" box="[413,539,826,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Parker, H. W. (1939) Resultats scientifiques des croisieres du navire-ecole, Belge &quot; Mercator. V. Reptilia et Amphibia. Memoires Musee Royal d´Historie Naturelle, Belgique, 2, 15, 85 - 90." type="journal article" year="1939">Parker 1939</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CC6C133014430217" author="Myers" box="[549,824,826,848]" page="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1945">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CC6C133014640217" author="Myers" box="[549,799,826,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Myers, G. S. &amp; Carvalho A. L. de (1945) Notes on some new or little-known Brazilian amphibians, with an examination of the history of the Plata salamander, Ensatina platensis. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Serie, Zoologia, 35, 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1945">Myers &amp; Carvalho 1945</bibRefCitation>
: 7
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CEDE1352152D028D" blockId="7.[151,1436,734,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77565FFE02CEDE1352152D028D" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CEDE135216DD0228" ID-CoL="MDMV" box="[151,422,857,879]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE135216DD0228" box="[151,422,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bolitoglossa altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Brame Jr. &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CC01135215FA0228" box="[584,641,857,879]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
1963: 13, Fig. 22 (in part); 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CDE3135213DC0228" author="Wake" box="[938,1191,857,879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Wake, D. B. &amp; Brame Jr., A. H. (1966) Notes on South American salamanders of the genus Bolitoglossa. Copeia, 1966, 2, 360 - 363. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441155" type="journal article" year="1966">
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CDE3135214980228" box="[938,995,857,879]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
&amp; Brame Jr. 1966
</bibRefCitation>
(in part); 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CB5A135112EC0228" author="Crump" box="[1299,1431,858,879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Crump, M. L. (1971) Quantitative analysis of the ecological distribution of a tropical herpetofauna. Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 3, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1971">Crump 1971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CE8E137316BF02CA" author="Wake" box="[199,452,888,910]" page="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CE8E137316DB02C9" author="Wake" box="[199,416,888,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Wake, D. B. &amp; Lynch, J. F. (1976) The distribution, Ecology, and evolutionary history of plethodontid salamanders in tropical America. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin, 25, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1976">
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CE8E1373167B02C9" box="[199,256,888,910]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
&amp; Lynch 1976
</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CC67137315C902CA" author="Crump" box="[558,690,888,909]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Crump, M. L. (1977) Intrapopulation and interspecific variation of standard morphological characters of four closely related South American salamanders (Bolitoglossa), with description of habitat preferences. Herpetologica, 33, 4, 415 - 426." type="journal article" year="1977">Crump 1977</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CCF4137314FD02CA" author="Duellman" box="[701,902,888,910]" page="81" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CCF41373142402CA" author="Duellman" box="[701,863,888,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Duellman, W. E. (1978) The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. The University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, 65, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 81
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CDDB1373133A02CA" author="Wake" box="[914,1089,888,910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Wake, D. B., Brame Jr. II, A. H. &amp; Thomas, R. (1982) A remarkable new species of salamander allied to Bolitoglossa altamazonica (Plethodontidae) from southern Peru. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, 58, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1982">
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CDDB137314B002C9" box="[914,971,888,910]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CD9A1372137C02C9" box="[979,1031,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
1982
</bibRefCitation>
(in part); Obst 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CAAB1372126C02C9" box="[1250,1303,888,910]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
1984: 65 (in part); 
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<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CF4C139C160C02EB" author="Frost" box="[261,375,918,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Frost, D. R. (1985) Amphibian species of the world. A taxonomic and geographical reference. Allen Press inc. and ASC, Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A, 732 pp." type="book" year="1985">Frost 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 574
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(in part); 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CC5B139C155402EB" box="[530,559,919,940]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">De</collectingCountry>
la 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CC18139D146402EB" author="Riva" box="[593,799,918,941]" page="52" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CC18139D158002EB" author="Riva" box="[593,763,918,941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="De la Riva, I., Kohler, J., Lotters, S. &amp; Reichle, S. (2000) Ten years of research on Bolivian amphibians: updated checklist, distribution, taxonomic problems, literature and iconography. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia, 14, 19 - 164." type="journal article" year="2000">
Riva 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CCC0139315C502EA" box="[649,702,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2000
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: 52
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(in part); 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CDC0139D132B02EB" author="Reichle" box="[905,1104,918,941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Reichle, S., Lotters, S. &amp; Maldonado, M. (2001) Two records of salamanders, genus Bolitoglossa, from Bolivia, providing southern range extension for the order (Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae). Herpetological Natural History, 7, 2, 169 - 170." type="journal article" year="2001">
Reichle 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CD971393136902EA" box="[990,1042,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CA12139D120302EB" author="Bartlett" box="[1115,1400,918,940]" page="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CA12139D122802EB" author="Bartlett" box="[1115,1363,918,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Bartlett, R. D. &amp; Bartlett, P. (2003) Reptiles and amphibians of the Amazon. An ecotourist´s guide. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 291 pp." type="book" year="2003">Bartlett &amp; Bartlett 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CF4D13BE1529028D" author="Schargel" box="[260,594,949,971]" page="94" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CF4D13BE1557028D" author="Schargel" box="[260,556,949,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Schargel, W. E. &amp; Fuenmayor, G. R. (2003) Two new country records of salamanders of the Genus Bolitoglossa from Colombia and Venezuela. Herpetozoa, 16, 1, 94 - 96." type="journal article" year="2003">Schargel &amp; Fuenmayor 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 94
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CEDE13DF13CE0560" blockId="7.[151,1436,734,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77565FFE02CEDE13DF13CE0560" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CEDE13DF160502AD" ID-CoL="MDRG" box="[151,382,980,1002]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE13DF160502AD" box="[151,382,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bolitoglossa paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CFD113D8153302AE" author="Taylor" box="[408,584,979,1001]" page="219" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="1944">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CFD113D8156D02AE" author="Taylor" box="[408,534,979,1001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Taylor, E. H. (1944) The genera of plethodont salamanders in Mexico, Part I. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 30, 12, 189 - 232." type="journal article" year="1944">Taylor 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 219
</treatmentCitation>
, 222; Brame Jr. &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CD4E13D8143B02AE" box="[775,832,979,1001]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
1962: 177; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CDF313D813DA02AE" author="Avila-Pires" box="[954,1185,979,1002]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S., Hoogmoed, M. S. &amp; Vitt, L. J. (2007) Herpetofauna da Amazonia: 13 - 43. In: Nascimento, L. B. &amp; Oliveira, M. E. (Eds), Herpetologia no Brasil II. Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, Belo Horizonte, 354 pp." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Avila-Pires 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CA7B13DE131E02AD" box="[1074,1125,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
; Estupiñán 2007; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CB1E13D81618054F" author="Galatti" page="93" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CB1E13D81640054F" author="Galatti" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Galatti, U., Estupinan, R. A., Dias, A. C. L. &amp; Travassos, A. E. M. (2007) Anfibios da Area de Pesquisa Ecologica do Guam - Apeg e regiao de Belem, Par. In: Gomes, J. I., Martins, M. B., Martins-da-Silva, R. C. V. &amp; Almeida, S. S. (Eds), Mocambo: Diversidade e dinamica biologica da Area de Pesquisa Ecologica do Guam (Apeg). Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi / EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Belem, pp. 75 - 95." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Galatti 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CE8E13F81787054F" box="[199,252,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
: 93
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CF3913F9159E054F" author="Neckel-Oliveira" box="[368,741,1010,1032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S. &amp; Hoogmoed, M. S. (2010) Bolitoglossa paraensis. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Available from: http // www. iucnredlist. org (Accessed 13 March 2013)" type="journal article" year="2010">Neckel-Oliveira &amp; Hoogmoed 2010</bibRefCitation>
(in part); 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CD1B13F81486054F" author="SEMA-PA" box="[850,1021,1011,1032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="SEMA-PA (Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente - Par) (2008) Extincao Zero. Esta a nossa meta. SEMA-PA, Belem, 32 pp." type="book" year="2008">SEMA-PA 2008</bibRefCitation>
: [23]; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CA0D13F91237054F" author="Esqueda" box="[1092,1356,1010,1032]" page="172" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CA0D13F9126C054F" author="Esqueda" box="[1092,1303,1010,1032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Esqueda, L. F., Natera-Muwan, N. &amp; La Marca, M. E. (2009) First Record of salamander predation by Liophis (Wagler, 1830) snake in the Venezuelan Andes. Acta Herpetologica, 4, 2, 171 - 175." type="journal article" year="2009">
Esqueda 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CAEB13F813A3054F" box="[1186,1240,1010,1032]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: 172
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CB1113F9164B0560" author="Peloso" page="669" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CB1113F917860560" author="Peloso" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Peloso, P. L. V. (2010) A safe place for amphibians? A cautionary tale on the taxonomy and conservation of frogs, caecilians, and salamanders in the Brazilian Amazonia. Zoologia, 27, 5, 667 - 673. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702010000500001" type="journal article" year="2010">Peloso 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 669
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CF73141916D20560" author="Frost" box="[314,425,1042,1063]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Frost, D. R. (2011) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.5 (31 Januay 2011). Electronic Database. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / vz / herpetology / amphibia (Accessed 23 March 2011)" type="journal article" year="2011">Frost 2011</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CFFA141A15B00560" author="Neckel-Oliveira" box="[435,715,1041,1063]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S., Sarmento, J. F. M., Galatti, U., Suarez, P., Lima, G., Lima, A. &amp; Faveri, S. B. (2011) Reproductive traits of the Brazilian salamander Bolitoglossa paraensis (Urodela: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 2011, 3, 457 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / CE- 08 - 219" type="journal article" year="2011">
Neckel-Oliveira 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CC14141915EB0560" box="[605,656,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
; Segalla 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CD6F141914220560" box="[806,857,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2010 (in part); 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CDBE141913C90560" author="Correa" box="[1015,1202,1041,1063]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Correa, F. S., Neckel-Oliveira, S. &amp; Rodrigues, L. C. (2012) Influence of climatic variables on the abundance of a Brazilian salamander (Bolitoglossa paraensis) in Santa Barbara do Par, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 7, 1, 41 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.007.0105" type="journal article" year="2012">
Correa 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CA0B1419130E0560" box="[1090,1141,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CEDE143B15B00502" blockId="7.[151,1436,734,1125]" box="[151,715,1072,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
“Nauta mushroom-tongue salamander 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CC57143B15DA0502" author="Crump" box="[542,673,1072,1093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Crump, M. [L.] (2000) In search of the Golden frog. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, 270 pp." type="book" year="2000">Crump 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 43.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CEDE144413350523" blockId="7.[151,1436,734,1125]" box="[151,1102,1102,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9ED9F77565FFE02CEDE144413350523" box="[151,1102,1102,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CEDE1444168A0522" ID-CoL="MDRG" box="[151,497,1103,1125]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis" subGenus="Eladinea">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE1444168A0522" box="[151,497,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="685C9E48565FFE02CC43144514660523" author="Parra-Olea" box="[522,797,1102,1125]" page="335" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CC43144515960523" author="Parra-Olea" box="[522,749,1102,1125]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Parra-Olea, G., Garcia-Paris, M. &amp; Wake, D. B. (2004) Molecular diversification of salamanders of the tropical American genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae) and its evolutionary and biogeographical implications. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 81, 325 - 346. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.2003.00303. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
Parra-Olea 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CC37145B15CA0522" box="[638,689,1103,1125]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
: 335
</treatmentCitation>
(in part); Raffaëlli 2007: 259.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD2565FFE0DCEDE149913A807E9" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CEDE149914F0041A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CEDE1499167005ED" bold="true" box="[151,267,1170,1194]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CEDE1499167D05ED" box="[151,262,1170,1194]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CF5B1499163505EE" box="[274,334,1170,1193]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">ZMB</collectionCode>
32907, lost (Brame Jr. &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CC39149A15D405EE" box="[624,687,1169,1193]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
1963; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CCB4149914BA05EE" author="Bauer" box="[765,961,1169,1193]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Bauer, A. M., Good, D. A &amp; Gunther, R. (1993) An annotated type catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders (Amphibia: Gymnophiona and Caudata) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie, 69, 2, 285 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Bauer 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CD0F1499140405EE" box="[838,895,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
). The description of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CAE11499124C05EE" box="[1192,1335,1170,1193]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CAE11499124C05EE" box="[1192,1335,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CAE1149913C405EE" box="[1192,1215,1170,1193]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">O</collectingCountry>
. paraensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not provide a clear diagnosis of the species, the 
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CCD914BE1589058A" box="[656,754,1205,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is lost (Brame Jr. &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CDAA14BE1359058A" box="[995,1058,1205,1229]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Wake</collectingCountry>
1963; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A8565FFE02CA3B14BD1243058A" author="Bauer" box="[1138,1336,1205,1229]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" refString="Bauer, A. M., Good, D. A &amp; Gunther, R. (1993) An annotated type catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders (Amphibia: Gymnophiona and Caudata) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie, 69, 2, 285 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Bauer 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CAF414BD138C058A" box="[1213,1271,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
) and the 
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CEDE14D117A905B5" box="[151,210,1242,1266]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">types</typeStatus>
of its junior synonym 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CF9114D1153E05B6" box="[472,581,1241,1265]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Elaeis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="estheri">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CF9114D1153E05B6" box="[472,581,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">E. estheri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are young and recently hatched, not showing the characters of adults from this species. Considering the confusing status of the taxonomy of South American bolitoglossines, and especially those from the Brazilian Amazon basin, we decided to designate a topotypical 
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CA4315291318047D" box="[1034,1123,1314,1338]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
for 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CADB15291265047E" box="[1170,1310,1314,1337]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CADB15291265047E" box="[1170,1310,1314,1337]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to serve as a reference in studies of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CFE0154E154E041A" box="[425,565,1349,1373]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CFE0154E154E041A" box="[425,565,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Brazilian 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA565FFE02CD58154E14F3041A" box="[785,904,1349,1373]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Amazonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Amazonia</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE02CE8E1561163A0772" blockId="7.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CE8E1561157704C5" bold="true" box="[199,524,1385,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CE8E1561165204C5" box="[199,297,1386,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
designated herein.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CC5D1562151904C6" box="[532,610,1385,1409]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
31682, adult 3, Sítio Semente Etérea, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E565FFE02CA6B1562139E04C6" box="[1058,1253,1385,1409]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="1" value="-1.2029139">01° 12’ 10,49” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E565FFE02CABA156217C904E2" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="1" value="-48.300674">48° 18’ 02,43” W</geoCoordinate>
, Vila do Carapuru, Municipality of Santa Isabel do Pará, state of Pará, 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CD9E1586136504E2" box="[983,1054,1421,1445]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC565FFE02CA631586131F04E2" box="[1066,1124,1421,1445]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CAA81586121D04E2" box="[1249,1382,1421,1445]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2010-03-10">10-III-2010</date>
, leg. I.C. Brcko, F.S. Correa, L. Rodrigues and M.B. Silva, 20.00 h This specimen is from the same municipality (“Sta Isabel bei Para = Santa Isabel near Belém) where the 
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CCBC15DE142C04AA" box="[757,855,1493,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected, although it is impossible to say how far the original 
<typeStatus id="364606FB565FFE02CF0115F116030755" box="[328,376,1530,1554]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">type</typeStatus>
locality and the present one are apart, but at least they are in the same vegetational zone and drainage basin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B859565FFE0DCE8E164A12F30253" blockId="7.[151,1436,1169,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2030]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CE8E164A16C9071D" bold="true" box="[199,434,1601,1626]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Material examined.</emphasis>
166 individuals: 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CC35164A15B8071E" box="[636,707,1601,1625]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, Pará state: Municipality of Barcarena: CZB 2012, Ƥ, 01°31’8, 93”S, 48° 36’59, 48”W, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC565FFE02CFE1166E1699073A" box="[424,482,1637,1661]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CC14166E1596073A" box="[605,749,1637,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2010-12-15">15-XII-2010</date>
, leg. R.P. Silva; Municipality of Belém: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CAFB166E127B073A" box="[1202,1280,1637,1661]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
3721, Ƥ, 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CB39166E12E7073A" box="[1392,1436,1637,1661]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Ilha</collectingCountry>
de Mosqueiro, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC565FFE02CF091682160207E6" box="[320,377,1673,1697]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CFBC1682151D07E6" box="[501,614,1673,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1971-07">July 1971</date>
, leg. 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CCE8168215C307E6" box="[673,696,1673,1697]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">O</collectingCountry>
.R. da 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CCB61682143007E6" box="[767,843,1673,1697]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">Cunha</collectingCountry>
; Parque Ambiental de Belém (Utinga), 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E565FFE02CB41168212ED07E6" box="[1288,1430,1673,1697]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="15" value="-1.4183333">01° 25’ 6” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E565FFE02CEDE16A616410782" box="[151,314,1709,1733]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="15" value="-48.41528">48° 24’ 55” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC565FFE02CF0C16A616060782" box="[325,381,1709,1733]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
elevation: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CFB116A6153D0782" box="[504,582,1709,1733]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
7615, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CCFC16A614440782" box="[693,831,1709,1733]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1966-03">March 1966</date>
, leg. W. 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C9565FFE02CDD616A514940782" box="[927,1007,1710,1733]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">França</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CDB016A6133C0782" box="[1017,1095,1709,1733]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
7618, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CAFF16A512350782" box="[1206,1358,1709,1734]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1967-01">January 1967</date>
, leg. P. Martins; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CF4916D9163507AE" box="[256,334,1746,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">UFMT</collectionCode>
7477, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CF8E16DA153607AE" box="[455,589,1745,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1969-06-24">24-VI-1969</date>
, leg. N.A. Rosa; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CD5316DA141307AE" box="[794,872,1745,1769]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
7617, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CDA816DA130B07AE" box="[993,1136,1745,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1970-07-14">14-VII-1970</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CA3616DA13B607AE" box="[1151,1229,1745,1769]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
7616, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CB0F16DA17A9064A" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1970-07-21">21-VII- 1970</date>
, leg. M. Crump; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CFD016FE169C064A" box="[409,487,1781,1805]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
908–910, 2 3 and 1 Ƥ, leg. N.A. Rosa; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CD8916FD1375064A" box="[960,1038,1782,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">UFMT</collectionCode>
7476, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CACD16FE1388064A" box="[1156,1267,1781,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1985-10-07">7-X-1985</date>
, leg. M. Rosa; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CEDE1712179E0676" box="[151,229,1817,1841]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
6073, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CF1F171216A60676" box="[342,477,1817,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1989-06-28">28-VI-1989</date>
, leg. F. Torres and J. Pena; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CD5A1712141A0676" box="[787,865,1817,1841]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
6072, 3, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CD9A171213220676" box="[979,1113,1817,1841]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1989-09-14">14-IX-1989</date>
, leg. R. Constantino; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CB07171212E70676" box="[1358,1436,1817,1841]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
6074, 3, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CF43173616FD0612" box="[266,390,1853,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1993-02-17">17-II-1993</date>
, leg. A. Cardoso and N.V. Atzinger; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CD0C173614E80612" box="[837,915,1853,1877]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
15856, 3, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CA56173613E90612" box="[1055,1170,1853,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="1999-01-14">14-I-1999</date>
, leg. U. Gallati 
<emphasis id="DB89644B565FFE02CB1E173512EF0612" box="[1367,1428,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">et al.</emphasis>
; Municipality of Benevides: Área Nova Amafrutas, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E565FFE02CC92176A1402063E" box="[731,889,1889,1913]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="15" value="-1.298611">01° 17’ 55” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E565FFE02CDCE176A1355063E" box="[903,1070,1889,1913]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" precision="15" value="-48.160557">48° 09’ 38” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC565FFE02CA73176A130F063E" box="[1082,1140,1889,1913]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
elevation: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CABB176A123B063E" box="[1266,1344,1889,1913]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
31641– 31652, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D0565FFE02CEA2178E161206DA" box="[235,361,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" type="juvenile">5 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 3 3 and 3 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CC58178E15E106DA" box="[529,666,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2003-11-20">20-XI-2003</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CCEC178E158806DA" box="[677,755,1925,1949]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
31653, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CD3A178E148E06DA" box="[883,1013,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2003-12-03">3-XII-2003</date>
, leg. R. da Silva and R.A. Estupiñán; Municipality of Bragrança: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CF8417A215600686" box="[461,539,1961,1985]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
28604, Ƥ, Colônia Benjamin Constant, 01° 04’ 13, 65” S, 46° 35’ 44, 30” W, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC565FFE02CBC917A217D606A2" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" unit="m" value="13.0">13 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<date id="9D439E99565FFE02CF7917C616CC06A2" box="[304,439,1997,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="408" value="2008-06-23">23-VI-2008</date>
, leg. J.B.F. Silva; Municipality of Mojú: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C565FFE02CDD617C6149606A2" box="[927,1005,1997,2021]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="7" pageNumber="408">MPEG</collectionCode>
34630, Ƥ, Fazenda Experimental da EMBRAPA 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCF60109C157301E8" authority="Oriental" authorityName="Oriental" box="[297,520,151,175]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Amazonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Amazônia Oriental</taxonomicName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCC50109C15BC01E8" box="[537,711,151,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="15" value="-2.125">02° 07’ 30” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCC93109C14E901E8" box="[730,914,151,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="15" value="-48.7825">48° 46’ 57” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCDEA109C149901E8" box="[931,994,151,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
elevation, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCA23109C13C401E8" box="[1130,1215,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2011-01-13">13-I-11</date>
, leg. A. Palmeira; Municipality of Ourém: Parauateua, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCC7C10B715A80193" box="[565,723,188,212]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="15" value="-1.5519444">01° 33’ 07” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCCA810B714F30193" box="[737,904,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="15" value="-47.114445">47° 06’ 52” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCDDD10B714B50193" box="[916,974,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="14.0">14 m</quantity>
elevation: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCA0510B713E10193" box="[1100,1178,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
28822, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCB5310B712E30193" box="[1306,1432,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2009-10-20">20-X-2009</date>
, leg. D. Guimarães; Municipality of Primavera: Ponto MVP-P2, Futura Fábrica de Cimentos Votorantim, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCB0F10D41795005B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="1" value="-0.9808055">00° 58’ 50,9” S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCEB4110F16C5005B" box="[253,446,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="1" value="-47.11289">47° 06’ 46,4” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCF83110F157D005B" box="[458,518,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="26.0">26 m</quantity>
elevation: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCCCF110E15AF005B" box="[646,724,261,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFMT</collectionCode>
11575–11576, 2 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCD88110F134A005B" box="[961,1073,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2010-10-06">6-X-2010</date>
, leg. L. Arruda; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCABB110E123B005B" box="[1266,1344,261,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFMT</collectionCode>
11647– 11648, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCEA3112C16220078" box="[234,345,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
and 1 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCF8E112C152C0078" box="[455,599,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2010-12-16">16-XII-2010</date>
, leg. R. Ávila; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCD49112314350078" box="[768,846,296,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFMT</collectionCode>
11646, juvenile, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCA59112C13DB0078" box="[1040,1184,295,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2010-12-19">19-XII-2010</date>
, leg. N. Pinho; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCB07112312E70078" box="[1358,1436,296,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFMT</collectionCode>
12599–12600, 2 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCF3F114716810023" box="[374,506,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2011-04-25">25-IV-2011</date>
, leg. R. Ribeiro; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCCF11146147D0023" box="[696,774,333,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">UFMT</collectionCode>
12598, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCDCA1147137C0023" box="[899,1031,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2011-04-29">29-IV-2011</date>
, leg. E. Brito; Municipality of Santa Bárbara do Par: Parque Ecológico de 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCC75116415D200C0" box="[572,681,367,391]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">GUNMA</collectionCode>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCCFA1164143900C0" box="[691,834,367,391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="9" value="-1.208">01° 12,48’ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCD071164149C00C0" box="[846,999,367,391]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="9" value="-48.288834">48° 17,33’ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCDB81164135100C0" box="[1009,1066,367,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
elevation: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCAEF1164138F00C0" box="[1190,1268,367,391]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
16622–16623, 2 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCE99119E161200EB" box="[208,361,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2003-01">January 2003</date>
, leg. S. Almeida; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCC7A119F15FA00EB" box="[563,641,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
19704, Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCD49119E140D00EB" box="[768,886,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2005-06">June 2005</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCDCB119F14AB00EB" box="[898,976,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21310–21317, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCAC9119F138600EB" box="[1152,1277,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 2 3 and 4 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCEDE11BC16520088" box="[151,297,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2005-12-20">20-XII-2005</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCF7E11BC16FE0088" box="[311,389,439,463]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
29410–29411, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCC7211BC15C70088" box="[571,700,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCC8211BC14450088" box="[715,830,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2006-01-20">20-I-2006</date>
, leg. S. Neckel-Oliveira, R.R. Silva and R.B. Neto; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCEDE11D7179E00B3" box="[151,229,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21318–21332, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCFDD11D7156900B3" box="[404,530,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">6 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 3 3 and 6 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCCFE11D7144F00B3" box="[695,820,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2006-02-14">14-II-2006</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCD0911D714F500B3" box="[832,910,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21333–21350, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCA7511D713C100B3" box="[1084,1210,476,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">6 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 6 3 and 6 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCB1611D617A80350" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2006-03-07">7-III- 2006</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCE9411F416500350" box="[221,299,511,535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21351–21360, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCF9011F4152D0350" box="[473,598,511,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">5 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 1 3 and 4 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCCB111F414060350" box="[760,893,511,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2006-04-14">14-IV-2006</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCDC111F414AD0350" box="[904,982,511,535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21361–21372, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCACD11F4127A0350" box="[1156,1281,511,535]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 3 3 and 5 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCEDE122F1653037B" box="[151,296,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2006-07-13">13-VII-2006</date>
; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCF73122F16F3037B" box="[314,392,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21373–21380, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCC0A122F15BC037B" box="[579,711,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 1 3 and 5 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCDD8122F136D037B" box="[913,1046,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2006-03-29">29-III-2006</date>
, all leg. S. Neckel-Oliveira, J.F. Sarmento, U. Galatti, P. Suárez, A. Lima and C. Lima; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCD49124C14350318" box="[768,846,583,607]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
31654–31665, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCDB5124C13140318" box="[1020,1135,583,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
, 4 3 and 7 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCB5B124C12E30318" box="[1298,1432,583,607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2007-03-20">20-III-2007</date>
, leg. P. Suárez; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCF74126716F003C3" box="[317,395,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
21381–21390, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCC73126715C303C3" box="[570,696,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 3 3 and 5 Ƥ, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCD15126714A403C3" box="[860,991,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2007-04-11">11-IV-2007</date>
, leg. S. Neckel-Oliveira, J.F. Sarmento, U. Galatti, P. Suárez, A. Lima and C. Lima; Municipality of Santa Isabel do Pará: 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCACC128413A803E0" box="[1157,1235,655,679]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
31666–31681; 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCBC712841784038B" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">6 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 5 3 and 5 Ƥ; 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCFF812BF1684038B" box="[433,511,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">MPEG</collectionCode>
31683–31685, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCCFB12BF1458038B" box="[690,803,692,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
and 2 Ƥ, same locality data and collectors as 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5650FE0DCB7512BE12E3038A" box="[1340,1432,693,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
; Municipality of 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95650FE0DCF0612DC16C003A8" box="[335,443,727,751]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Tailândia</collectingCountry>
: Empresa Agropalma, 
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCCF412DC143703A8" box="[701,844,727,751]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="15" value="-2.5508332">02° 33’ 3” S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8CC9DE9E5650FE0DCD1D12DC148703A8" box="[852,1020,727,751]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" precision="15" value="-48.790833">48° 47’ 27” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCA4112DC133903A8" box="[1032,1090,727,751]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
elevation: AGP 046–053, 1 3 and 7 Ƥ; AGP 134, Ƥ; AGP 142–145, 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05650FE0DCC0112F715BE0253" box="[584,709,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="juvenile">4 juveniles</specimenCount>
, 
<date id="9D439E995650FE0DCC9812F714350253" box="[721,846,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" value="2012-04">April 2012</date>
, all leg. F.S. Correa, L. Rodrigues and H. Figueira.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B8595650FE0DCE8E131413A807E9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCE8E1314151A027F" bold="true" box="[199,609,799,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
Distinguished from all other genera of Neotropical salamanders by extensive digital webbing, 13 costal grooves between the limbs and the absence of a sublingual fold. A moderately small and relatively slender species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCC12136C159C0238" box="[603,743,871,895]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCC12136C159C0238" box="[603,743,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with digits completely webbed, morphologically similar to other species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCF19138116A702E5" box="[336,476,906,930]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCF19138116A702E5" box="[336,476,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the Brazilian 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCCD21381146902E5" box="[667,786,906,930]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Amazonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Amazonia</taxonomicName>
. It can be distinguished from other Amazonian species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCEDE13A516580281" box="[151,291,942,966]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCEDE13A516580281" box="[151,291,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following characteristics (condition for 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCD0913A414B50281" box="[832,974,943,966]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCD0913A414B50281" box="[832,974,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in parentheses): 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCADB13A412310281" box="[1170,1354,942,966]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCADB13A412310281" box="[1170,1354,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: hands and feet extensively webbed, tips of all digits of hands and feet visible (extensively webbed but only the tips of third finger and third toe visible, 
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC5650FE0DCC4113FF1513054B" box="[520,616,1012,1036]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,600,623]" captionTargetBox="[355,1243,206,566]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[340,1248,193,579]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Interdigital webbing shapes of right hands and feet of Brazilian Amazonia. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218257/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Figure 2</figureCitation>
); SL in adult males 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCD0113FF1496054B" box="[840,1005,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.995" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="3.31" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="39.95" valueMax="46.8" valueMin="33.1">33.1–46.8 mm</quantity>
, mean 39.0 mm (
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCAE413FF122F054B" box="[1197,1364,1012,1036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.17" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="35.3" valueMax="41.7" valueMin="28.9">28.9–41.7 mm</quantity>
, mean 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCEDE141317870577" box="[151,252,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="35.6">35.6 mm</quantity>
) and in adult females 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCFBB141315EC0577" box="[498,663,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.87" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="4.33" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="48.7" valueMax="54.1" valueMin="43.3">43.3–54.1 mm</quantity>
, mean 47.0 mm (
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCD1E141314860577" box="[855,1021,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="4.82" metricValueMin="3.1399999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="39.8" valueMax="48.2" valueMin="31.4">31.4–48.2 mm</quantity>
, mean 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCA05141313CF0577" box="[1100,1204,1048,1072]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="38.8">38.8 mm</quantity>
); FW/ 
<collectionCode id="8FEC209C5650FE0DCAB31413124B0577" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13902" box="[1274,1328,1048,1072]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13902" name="Queen's Gardens, College of Higher Education" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">HLL</collectionCode>
≥ 40% in adult males and females (≤ 40% in adult males and females); TL/SL in adult males 70–120% (80–100%). 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCBCD143616690530" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCBCD143616770530" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">B. peruviana</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
SL in adult males 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCFAC145415F30530" box="[485,648,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.21" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="28.65" valueMax="32.1" valueMin="25.2">25.2–32.1 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCCDF145414470530" box="[662,828,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.17" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="35.3" valueMax="41.7" valueMin="28.9">28.9–41.7 mm</quantity>
) and in adult females 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCA7C145413A30530" box="[1077,1240,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" metricValueMax="4.25" metricValueMin="3.01" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="36.3" valueMax="42.5" valueMin="30.1">30.1–42.5 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCAAF145412F40530" box="[1254,1423,1119,1143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.82" metricValueMin="3.28" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="40.5" valueMax="48.2" valueMin="32.8">32.8–48.2 mm</quantity>
); MT/SL in adult females 0.3–1.4 teeth per mm (0.3–1.0); SL/HW in adult male 5.2–6.3 times (6.7–7.6 times) and in adult females 5.9–7.0 times (6.3–8.9 times); SL/FW in adult males 9.4–10.3 times (10.2–13.3 times) and in adult females 10.0–12.0 times (11.2–16.5 times). 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCCC214C214EC05A6" box="[651,919,1225,1249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCCC214C214EC05A6" box="[651,919,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">Bolitoglossa tapajonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305650FE0DCDE914C1148005A5" box="[928,1019,1226,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCDE914C1148005A5" bold="true" box="[928,1019,1226,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: SNL/HL ≤ 44% in adult males and females (≥ 40% in adult males and females); LWS/HL ≤ 76% in adult males (&gt;70%); tail becoming thinner at about one-third of its length (tail becoming thinner at about half of its length); PT in adult males 3–5 (1–3); DT in adult males and females&gt; 31, mean 48 (18–68, mean 41). 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCCA7153E14FC040B" box="[750,903,1332,1356]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCCA7153E14FC040B" box="[750,903,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. caldwellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305650FE0DCDC6153F1492040B" box="[911,1001,1332,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCDC6153F1492040B" bold="true" box="[911,1001,1332,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: ventral surface light brown with very distinct irregular, broad, cream blotches (light brown or gray with tiny cream spots); wide head (narrow head), SL/ HW 6.3–6.9 times in adult males (6.7–7.6 times) and 6.1–7.0 times in adult females (6.3–8.9 times); extensively webbed hands and feet with the tip of the fingers and toes visible (extensively webbed but just de tip of third finger and third toe visible); SNL/HL ≤ 40% in adult males and females (≥ 40%), TL/SL in adult males 60–90%, mean 80% (80–100%, mean 90%) and in adult females 60–90%, mean 70% (70–100%, mean 90%); PT in adult males 2– 4, mean 3 (1–3, mean 2). 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCFF5160115420766" box="[444,569,1545,1569]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCFF5160115420766" box="[444,569,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. madeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305650FE0DCC0B160215E60766" box="[578,669,1545,1569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCC0B160215E60766" bold="true" box="[578,669,1545,1569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: extensively webbed hands and feet with the tip of fingers and toes visible (extensively webbed but just the tip of third finger and third toe visible); SL in adult females 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCAB0162712E70703" box="[1273,1436,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.435" metricValueMax="5.89" metricValueMin="4.9799999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="54.349999999999994" valueMax="58.9" valueMin="49.8">49.8–58.9 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="2E0515BC5650FE0DCED71644163C0720" box="[158,327,1615,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="4.82" metricValueMin="3.1399999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" unit="mm" value="39.8" valueMax="48.2" valueMin="31.4">31.4–48.2 mm</quantity>
); DT in adult females 53–78, mean 65 (18–61, mean 41); VT in adult females 20–33, mean 26 (8– 28, mean 15). For comparison of selected morphometric and dentition characters for 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCA0E167F138007CC" box="[1095,1275,1651,1675]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCA0E167F138007CC" box="[1095,1275,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCB43167F12EE07CC" box="[1290,1429,1652,1675]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCB43167F12EE07CC" box="[1290,1429,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCEDE1693165307E9" box="[151,296,1687,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCEDE1693165307E9" box="[151,296,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCF7C169316B707E9" box="[309,460,1687,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCF7C1693163D07E8" box="[309,326,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCF1D169C16B707E9" box="[340,460,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">tapajonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305650FE0DCF9A169C155607E8" box="[467,557,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCF9A169C155607E8" bold="true" box="[467,557,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCC72169315A807E9" box="[571,723,1686,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCC721693153707E8" box="[571,588,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCC13169D15A807E9" box="[602,723,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">caldwellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305650FE0DCC93169C144F07E8" box="[730,820,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCC93169C144F07E8" bold="true" box="[730,820,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5650FE0DCD231693149D07E9" box="[874,998,1686,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCD231693149D07E9" box="[874,998,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">B. madeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305650FE0DCDA4169C133C07E8" box="[1005,1095,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCDA4169C133C07E8" bold="true" box="[1005,1095,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
see Table 3.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD25650FE0BCE8E16B114A702AB" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="description">
<paragraph id="E942B8595650FE0DCE8E16B113FC0627" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCE8E16B114CE0795" bold="true" box="[199,949,1721,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Measurements (in mm) and counts of 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5650FE0DCCDA16B1158B0795" box="[659,752,1722,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
(MPEG 31682).
</emphasis>
Total length 72.4; SL 37.7; SVL 35.2; HL 6.0; HW 5.8; HD 3.3; SGF 2.5; EYW 1.4; EYL 2.5; SNL 2.8; SP 1.2; SWS 4.8; LWS 3.0; EN 1.8; OD 1.9; DBE 3.8; IDE 1.8; WMG 2.7; LMG 3.0; NGGF 2.5; SA 12.3; AG 20.0; PECW 4.3; interval between adpressed fore- and hind limbs 5.5 costal folds; 13 costal grooves; FL 7.1; HLL 8.1; HDW 2.3; FW 3.3; LIIIF 2.5; LIIIT 2.8; LVT 2.5; TL 34.7; TW 3.1; TD 3.4; VL 2.5; number of teeth: PT 2, MT 13–14, VT 7–7, DT 33–29.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B8595650FE0DCE8E176012EE06A9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5650FE0DCE8E1760153106C3" bold="true" box="[199,586,1899,1924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409">
Coloration of the 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5650FE0DCFD71767168706C3" box="[414,508,1900,1924]" pageId="8" pageNumber="409" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
in life
</emphasis>
. Dorsal surface of body gray with blotches in different degrees of light or dark brown. Some white spots along the body. Flanks with whitish spots. Ventral surface dark gray with evenly distributed white spots. Snout with cream blotches between nostrils and above tip of nasolabial protuberances. Tail lighter than back, brownish with white spots on dorsal and lateral surfaces. Iris pale golden. Mental gland whitish.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BD82E8D15653FE0ECEDE155E155B0743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218260/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1343]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="E942B8595653FE0ECEDE155E155B0743" blockId="11.[151,1437,1365,1540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECEDE155E1668042C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1365,1388]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECFC0155E1573042C" box="[393,520,1365,1387]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECFC0155E1573042C" box="[393,520,1365,1387]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Brazilian 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECCE0155E146F042C" box="[681,788,1365,1387]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Amazonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Amazonia</taxonomicName>
. A: Neotype of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECDFC155D134E042C" box="[949,1077,1366,1387]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECDFC155D134E042C" box="[949,1077,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MPEG 31682) in life (total length 72.4 mm). Photo M.J. Sturaro; B: Paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECC2E157E159404CD" box="[615,751,1397,1418]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECC2E157E159404CD" box="[615,751,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">B. tapajonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305653FE0ECCBD157F143E04CE" box="[756,837,1396,1417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECCBD157F143E04CE" bold="true" box="[756,837,1396,1417]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPEG 31695) in life (total length 79.3 mm). Photo P.R.V. Peloso; C: Paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECFCA1598157704EF" box="[387,524,1426,1448]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECFCA1598157704EF" box="[387,524,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">B. caldwellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305653FE0ECC5D1598151E04EF" box="[532,613,1427,1448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECC5D1598151E04EF" bold="true" box="[532,613,1427,1448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPEG 12877) in life (standard length 38.7 mm): Municipality of Porto Walter, Acre state. Photo J.P. Caldwell; D: Specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECCCD15B914520480" box="[644,809,1457,1479]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECCCD15B914520480" box="[644,809,1457,1479]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">B. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected west of Benjamin Constant, Amazonas state. Photo M.S. Hoogmoed; E: Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5653FE0ECFBA15DA151C04A1" box="[499,615,1488,1510]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECFBA15DA151C04A1" box="[499,615,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">B. madeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305653FE0ECC2715DB15BA04A2" box="[622,705,1488,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECC2715DB15BA04A2" bold="true" box="[622,705,1488,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(MPEG 18344) in life (total length 114.0 mm): Municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia state. Photo W. Hödl.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E942B8595653FE0ECE8E1620123B07CB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1579,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECE8E162014430703" bold="true" box="[199,824,1579,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
Coloration of the 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5653FE0ECFD2162716830703" box="[411,504,1580,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
in preservative (
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC5653FE0ECC88162014530703" box="[705,808,1579,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1803,1826]" captionTargetBox="[166,1424,587,1748]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,561,1782]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Shape and coloration pattern (in alcohol) of Brazilian Amazonia Bolitoglossa, from top to bottom: B. paraensis (neotype MPEG 31682) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. tapajonica sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 22176) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right) (a); B. caldwellae sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 12886) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. madeira sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 18344) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. altamazonica (specimen MPEG 5455) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right). Specimens rendered at similar size, but different scales. Scale bars all represent 1 cm. Photos M. J. Sturaro." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218261/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Figure 6</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of head and body dark gray with some reddish brown blotches. Ventral surface light brown with evenly distributed tiny cream spots. Snout with cream blotches between nostrils and above the tip of nasolabial protuberances. Mental gland apparent and cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B8595653FE09CE8E169C17B200BB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1579,2036]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,508]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5653FE0ECE8E169C162207F7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1687,1712]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Description.</emphasis>
Relatively slender species, small to moderate size. Maximum total length 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECAD11693138407F7" box="[1176,1279,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.51" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="95.1">95.1 mm</quantity>
. SL 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5653FE0ECB78169212E707F6" box="[1329,1436,1689,1713]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECEDE16B716460793" box="[151,317,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.17" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="35.3" valueMax="41.7" valueMin="28.9">28.9–41.7 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECFD116B7157B0793" box="[408,512,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.56" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="35.6">35.6 mm</quantity>
) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05653FE0ECC7A16B715EA0793" box="[563,657,1724,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="adult">28 adult</specimenCount>
males, 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECCA616B714EE0793" box="[751,917,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" metricValueMax="4.82" metricValueMin="3.1399999999999997" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="39.8" valueMax="48.2" valueMin="31.4">31.4–48.2 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECDA616B713220793" box="[1007,1113,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="38.8">38.8 mm</quantity>
) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05653FE0ECAC216B713920793" box="[1163,1257,1724,1748]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="adult">57 adult</specimenCount>
females. Adult females are significantly larger than adult males (SL) (p&lt;0.000; t=3.985; df=57.877). Species with moderately slender head; SL/HW 6.7–7.6 times (mean 7.1 times) in males, 6.3–8.9 times (mean 7.2 times) in females; head flattened, about 0.9–1.2 times as long as wide, head slightly wider than neck. Eyes prominent, horizontal orbit diameter on average 85% of the snout length. Eyes protrude slightly beyond lateral margins of head. Nasolabial protuberances evident and modestly developed in males and females. Snout short, SNL/HL 40–50% (mean 40%), broad, SWS/HL 45–70% (mean 60%) in males, 40–60% (mean 50%) in females. Snout slightly rounded or truncate in dorsal and lateral views. Canthus rostralis not distinct. Nostrils small, located near tip of snout. Mental gland present only in males, oval; WMG 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECC3D17D7158606B3" box="[628,765,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="1.6">1.6–3.5 mm</quantity>
(mean 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECD1C17D714CA06B3" box="[853,945,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
), LMG 1.6–3.0 mm (mean 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5653FE0ECAA717D7123106B3" box="[1262,1354,2012,2036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
). Body cylindrical, 13 shallow costal grooves. Limbs slender and short, costal interspaces between adpressed fore- and hind limbs 2.5–5.5 (mean 2.5). Hands and feet moderately broad, completely webbed with distal phalanges of longest digits free. Fingers in order of decreasing length 3–2–4–1, toes 3–2–4–5–1. Original tail round in crosssection, becoming thinner at about half its length; moderate length, TL/SL 75–103% (mean 90%) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CAB6110F121D005B" box="[1279,1382,260,284]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">25 males</specimenCount>
, 71– 99% (mean 86%) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CFCC112C157F0078" box="[389,516,295,319]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">56 females</specimenCount>
. Number of teeth in adults: PT 1–3 (mean 2) in males, 0–4 (mean 1) in females. The number of maxillary teeth increases with length (r2 = 0.22; p&lt;0.05), MT 12–34 (mean 23) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CAAB114412310020" box="[1250,1354,335,359]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">27 males</specimenCount>
, 12–41 (mean 24) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CF7C117E16C900CA" box="[309,434,373,397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">56 females</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC5654FE09CF8A117E155D00CA" box="[451,550,373,397]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1673]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figure 7</figureCitation>
B). No relation between the number of vomerine teeth and length (r2 = 0.03; p=0.10), VT 10–27 (mean 16) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CC431192150B00F6" box="[522,624,409,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">26 males</specimenCount>
, 8–28 (mean 15) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CD07119214B300F6" box="[846,968,409,433]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">51 females</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC5654FE09CD9F1192134D00F6" box="[982,1078,409,433]" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1673]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figure 7</figureCitation>
C). The number of dentary teeth increases with length (r2 = 0.10; p&lt;0.05), DT 18–68 (mean 46) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CD3C11CB14A7009F" box="[885,988,448,472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">27 males</specimenCount>
, 18–61 (mean 41) in 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05654FE09CA8011CB1238009F" box="[1225,1347,448,472]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">54 females</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC5654FE09CB1811CB17DD00BB" captionStart="FIGURE 7. A" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1694,1717]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1673]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figure 7</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BD82E8D15654FE09CEDE1700157506FD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218261/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" targetBox="[166,1424,587,1748]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="E942B8595654FE09CEDE1700157506FD" blockId="12.[151,1436,1803,1978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CEDE1700166F0667" bold="true" box="[151,276,1803,1826]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Shape and coloration pattern (in alcohol) of Brazilian 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CD05170014CF0666" box="[844,948,1803,1825]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Meliolaceae" genus="Amazonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Meliolales" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Amazonia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CDF2170013410666" box="[955,1082,1803,1825]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CDF2170013410666" box="[955,1082,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from top to bottom: 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CB55170712E00666" box="[1308,1435,1804,1825]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CB55170712E00666" box="[1308,1435,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(neotype MPEG 31682) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CD28172014960607" box="[865,1005,1835,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CD28172014960607" box="[865,1005,1835,1856]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">B. tapajonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305654FE09CDBF172113320678" box="[1014,1097,1834,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CDBF172113320678" bold="true" box="[1014,1097,1834,1855]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype MPEG 22176) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right) (a); 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CC70174115BE0618" box="[569,709,1865,1887]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CC70174115BE0618" box="[569,709,1865,1887]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">B. caldwellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305654FE09CC84174214640619" box="[717,799,1865,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CC84174214640619" bold="true" box="[717,799,1865,1886]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype MPEG 12886) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CEAE176C162A063A" box="[231,337,1895,1917]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CEAE176C162A063A" box="[231,337,1895,1917]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">B.madeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305654FE09CF13176316D7063A" box="[346,428,1896,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CF13176316D7063A" bold="true" box="[346,428,1896,1917]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(holotype MPEG 18344) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5654FE09CACD17621250063A" box="[1156,1323,1895,1918]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altamazonica">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5654FE09CACD17621250063A" box="[1156,1323,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">B. altamazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(specimen MPEG 5455) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right). Specimens rendered at similar size, but different scales. Scale bars all represent 1 cm. Photos M. J. Sturaro.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="BD82E8D15655FE08CEDE169515CE0657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218262/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" targetBox="[159,1433,206,1670]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="E942B8595655FE08CEDE169515CE0657" blockId="13.[151,1436,1694,1808]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CEDE1695166807F3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1694,1717]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5655FE08CEDE16B6166D0794" box="[151,278,1725,1747]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CEDE16B6166D0794" box="[151,278,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5655FE08CF4B16D616F707B5" box="[258,396,1756,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caldwellae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CF4B16D616F707B5" box="[258,396,1756,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. caldwellae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305655FE08CFDB16D6169B07B5" box="[402,480,1757,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(circle), 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5655FE08CC7316D615D107B5" box="[570,682,1756,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madeira" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CC7316D615D107B5" box="[570,682,1756,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. madeira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305655FE08CCF916D6158507B5" box="[688,766,1757,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(square), 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5655FE08CD2A16D6149A07B5" box="[867,993,1757,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CD2A16D6149A07B5" box="[867,993,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cross), 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5655FE08CA7116D613BB07B5" box="[1080,1216,1757,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tapajonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CA7116D613BB07B5" box="[1080,1216,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">B. tapajonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0BAD9305655FE08CA8C16D6126F07B5" box="[1221,1300,1757,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E942B8595655FE0BCE8E173616530193" blockId="13.[151,1436,1853,2022]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,1903]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5655FE08CE8E1736153B0611" bold="true" box="[199,576,1853,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="414">Color variation in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsally always darker than ventrally. Some specimens with uniform dorsal coloration, whereas others are mottled or with a mid-dorsal stripe, either lighter or darker than the ground color. Dorsum from dark gray to reddish brown. Most individuals have a triangular dark brown marking between the eyes, with apex extending posteriorly, following mid-dorsal line. Venter from dark gray to light brown, often flecked with white spots. Snout cream in many individuals, others have cream spots mainly on the nasolabial protuberances. Some specimens have white blotches on the limbs, flanks and on the lateral surfaces of tail. Mental gland cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E942B8595656FE0BCE8E10D414A702AB" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCE8E10D416D001BF" bold="true" box="[199,427,223,248]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Habitat and range.</emphasis>
Known from the eastern part of the state of Pará, 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCDAE10D4135501B0" box="[999,1070,223,247]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, in the west from the Pará river, and localities on both sides of the 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCC55110F1516005B" box="[540,621,260,284]" name="Guam" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Guamá</collectingCountry>
River, both southern affluents of the Amazon River, in the east close to the Atlantic coast and to the border with Maranhão, in the municipalities Barcarena, Belém, Bragança, Benevides, Canindé, Mojú, Ourém, Primavera, Santa Bárbara do Pará, Santa Isabel do Pará, and 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCAE11147126B0023" box="[1192,1296,332,356]" name="Thailand" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Tailândia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="71C6A4DC5656FE0BCB6C114712F60023" box="[1317,1421,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1466,1489]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,1440]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1445]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Distribution map of Bolitoglossa paraensis and Bolitoglossa tapajonica sp. nov. Type-localities: B. paraensis (Santa Isabel do Pará, black cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (Juruti, black triangle). Other localities: B. paraensis (open crosses: 1 Primavera, 2 Bragança, 3 Ilha de Mosqueiro, 4 Santa Bárbara do Pará, 5 Benevides, 6 Belém, 7 Ourém, 8 Barcarena, 9 Mojú, 10 Tailândia); B. tapajonica sp. nov. (open triangles: 11 Juruti localities, 12 Vitória do Xingú, 13 Itaituba localities. Specimen from Serra do Tumucumaque, Amapá indicated with asterisk. Specimens from Canindé, Pará indicated with circle with cross inside." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218263/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Figure 8</figureCitation>
). Localities are from 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5656FE0BCF3A1164169000C0" box="[371,491,367,391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="10.0">10 to 40 m</quantity>
above sea level. Specimens were found active at night between 0.3 and 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5656FE0BCB5B1164122900C0" box="[1298,1362,367,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="2.6">2.6 m</quantity>
above the ground on leaves of small shrubs (about 60% of individuals), but also can be observed on leaf litter on the ground (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCEB011BC15400088" author="Neckel-Oliveira" box="[249,571,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S., Sarmento, J. F. M., Galatti, U., Suarez, P., Lima, G., Lima, A. &amp; Faveri, S. B. (2011) Reproductive traits of the Brazilian salamander Bolitoglossa paraensis (Urodela: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 2011, 3, 457 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / CE- 08 - 219" type="journal article" year="2011">
Neckel-Oliveira 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCFF311B2168C0097" box="[442,503,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) or using cavities in or under the bark of trees (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCA3511BC12210088" author="Correa" box="[1148,1370,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Correa, F. S., Neckel-Oliveira, S. &amp; Rodrigues, L. C. (2012) Influence of climatic variables on the abundance of a Brazilian salamander (Bolitoglossa paraensis) in Santa Barbara do Par, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology, 7, 1, 41 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2994 / 057.007.0105" type="journal article" year="2012">
Correa 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCA9C11B212690097" box="[1237,1298,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5656FE0BCEDE11D6178B00B2" box="[151,240,477,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
was collected active at night on a leaf of a bush at 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5656FE0BCD0611D714E900B3" box="[847,914,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
above the ground, near a permanent pond in forest. The species was not observed in open areas and occurs in different 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5656FE0BCD96120B1361035F" box="[991,1050,512,536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">types</typeStatus>
of vegetation: primary terra firme forest, secondary forest, floodplain forest, igapó, capoeira (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCD0C122F14A2037B" author="Crump" box="[837,985,548,572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Crump, M. L. (1971) Quantitative analysis of the ecological distribution of a tropical herpetofauna. Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 3, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1971">Crump 1971</bibRefCitation>
) or near monocultures of passion fruit (
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCEE9124316190327" box="[160,354,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Passifloraceae" genus="Passiflora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edulis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCEE9124316190327" box="[160,354,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Passiflora edulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), cocoa (
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCF9F124315DD0327" box="[470,678,584,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Theobroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cacao">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCF9F124315DD0327" box="[470,678,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Theobroma cacao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or African oil palm (
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCDF1124313FB0327" box="[952,1152,584,608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Elaeis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guineensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCDF1124313FB0327" box="[952,1152,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Elaeis guineensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Estupiñán 2007). The abundance of the species in terra firme and floodplain forest and in capoeira is greater than in transitional areas between terra firme and floodplain forests (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCCDB1284145303E0" author="Crump" box="[658,808,655,679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Crump, M. L. (1971) Quantitative analysis of the ecological distribution of a tropical herpetofauna. Occasional papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, 3, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1971">Crump 1971</bibRefCitation>
). In places where it occurs it is abundant and easy to observe from December to March, which is the period of higher rainfall and humidity in the region. In this season, in nine days of observations realized in an area of forest in Benevides 15 individuals were found (Estupiñán 2007), and in Santa Bárbara do Pará 104 individuals were observed in eight days during a two year period, whereas on four other days no specimens were recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCCD6131414A60270" author="Neckel-Oliveira" box="[671,989,799,824]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Neckel-Oliveira, S., Sarmento, J. F. M., Galatti, U., Suarez, P., Lima, G., Lima, A. &amp; Faveri, S. B. (2011) Reproductive traits of the Brazilian salamander Bolitoglossa paraensis (Urodela: Plethodontidae). Copeia, 2011, 3, 457 - 462. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1643 / CE- 08 - 219" type="journal article" year="2011">
Neckel-Oliveira 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCD17132A14E2027F" box="[862,921,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
). In Santa Isabel do Pará 
<specimenCount id="FFFB73D05656FE0BCB4A131412E70270" box="[1283,1436,799,823]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
were observed by the senior author in just over two hours in a single night. 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCA5D134F126C021B" box="[1044,1303,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCA5D134F126C021B" box="[1044,1303,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bolitoglossa paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is listed as Vulnerable in the list of threatened species in the state of Pará (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCD37136C13460238" author="SEMA-PA" box="[894,1085,871,895]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="SEMA-PA (Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente - Par) (2008) Extincao Zero. Esta a nossa meta. SEMA-PA, Belem, 32 pp." type="book" year="2008">SEMA-PA 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCAC8136C12230238" box="[1153,1368,871,896]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Subir, R. J., Souza, E. C. F., Guidorizzi, C. E., Almeida, M. P., Almeida, J. B. &amp; Martins, D. S. (2012) Avaliacao Cientifica do Risco de Extincao da Fauna Brasileira - Resultados Alcancados em 2012. Biodiversidade Brasileira 2, 2, 124 - 130. Annex I: 1 - 43." type="journal article">
Subir 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCA8E1362127802C7" box="[1223,1283,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
in an evaluation of all Brazilian amphibians based on four workshops in 
<date id="9D439E995656FE0BCDD71387133202E3" box="[926,1097,908,932]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" value="2011" valueMax="2012">2011 and 2012</date>
with specialists considered it endangered [EN B1ab(iii)]. However, these categorizations might need to be reviewed, since this study provides new, positive data about distribution, habitat and abundance of the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1E7EBD25656FE0BCE8E13F3149C0628" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E942B8595656FE0BCE8E13F3149C0628" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCE8E13F316400557" bold="true" box="[199,315,1016,1040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Remarks.</emphasis>
Based on two specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCCC913F314770557" box="[640,780,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCCC913F314770557" box="[640,780,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male and female, DZSP 22463–64) collected in Canindé near the Gurupi river—boundary between Par and Maranhão states—about 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5656FE0BCDA21417133B0573" box="[1003,1088,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="km" value="230.0">230 km</quantity>
southeast of Belém, 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCB64141716200510" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Wake, D. B. &amp; Brame Jr., A. H. (1966) Notes on South American salamanders of the genus Bolitoglossa. Copeia, 1966, 2, 360 - 363. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441155" type="journal article">
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCB64141712170573" box="[1325,1388,1052,1076]" name="Wake Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Wake</collectingCountry>
and Brame Jr. (1966)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the last location [= Canindé] establishes the presence of the genus in eastern 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCEDE146F17A0053B" box="[151,219,1124,1148]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Brazil</collectingCountry>
beyond the Amazon drainage. This notice is generally correct, although it should be noted that this area still belongs to the Amazon region with Amazonian vegetation, although the Gurupi drains directly in the Atlantic Ocean and as such is not part of the Amazon drainage proper. Unfortunately, it was not possible to study these specimens. Recently specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCC6F14DB15C905AF" box="[550,690,1232,1256]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCC6F14DB15C905AF" box="[550,690,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in two localities in the state of Pará (PA), Ourém and Bragança, respectively about 150 and 
<quantity id="2E0515BC5656FE0BCC3214FF15A9044B" box="[635,722,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" unit="km" value="170.0">170 km</quantity>
from the 
<typeStatus id="364606FB5656FE0BCD0A14FE1408044A" box="[835,883,1269,1293]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCDB114FE13FD044B" box="[1016,1158,1269,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCDB114FE13FD044B" box="[1016,1158,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These individuals were analyzed, but due to poor preservation and low number of specimens collected we only tentatively identify them as 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCEDE1536165E0413" box="[151,293,1341,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCEDE1536165E0413" box="[151,293,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of some similarities and geographic proximity to the area of occurrence of that species. In 2006 an expedition to the Serra do Tumucumaque (=Tumuc Humac Mountains), Amapá state, 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCA8D156B1270043F" box="[1220,1291,1376,1400]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, north of the Amazon river, reported the occurrence of a specimen identified as 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCDC3158F13D404DB" box="[906,1199,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCDC3158F136D04DB" box="[906,1046,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCA0B158E13D404DB" box="[1090,1199,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCA92158F121704DB" author="Lima" box="[1243,1388,1412,1436]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Lima, J. D. (2008) A herpetofauna do Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amap, Brasil, Expedicoes I a V. In: Bernard, E. (Ed.), Inventarios Biologicos Rapidos no Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amap, Brasil. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 48, 38 - 50." type="journal article" year="2008">Lima (2008)</bibRefCitation>
. We examined the specimen (IEPA TQ 849), but because it is juvenile we could not confirm its specific identity beyond doubt, so we decided not to include its morphometric and meristic data in the morphological variation of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCBCD15C6167F074F" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCBCD15C6167F074F" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The record of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCFF915FB1547074F" box="[432,572,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCFF915FB1547074F" box="[432,572,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Amapá is remarkable because it is the first record for the 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCA9615FB124B074F" box="[1247,1328,1520,1544]" name="Guyana" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Guiana</collectingCountry>
region of a species of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCF60161F16CE076B" box="[297,437,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCF60161F16CE076B" box="[297,437,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCF8F161F1458076B" author="Senaris" box="[454,803,1556,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Senaris, J. C. &amp; MacCulloch, R. (2005) Amphibians. In: Hollowell, T. &amp; Reynolds R. P. (Eds.), Checklist of the terrestrial vertebrates of the Guiana shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 8 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Señaris &amp; MacCullough 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCD78161F14C8076B" author="Lima" box="[817,947,1556,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Lima, J. D. (2008) A herpetofauna do Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amap, Brasil, Expedicoes I a V. In: Bernard, E. (Ed.), Inventarios Biologicos Rapidos no Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amap, Brasil. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 48, 38 - 50." type="journal article" year="2008">Lima 2008</bibRefCitation>
). In countries such as 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCAF1161F1258076B" box="[1208,1315,1556,1580]" name="Suriname" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Suriname</collectingCountry>
or 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCB07161F17900717" name="French Guiana" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, where the amphibian fauna is relatively well studied, this genus has not been recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCA9E163317A80733" author="Lescure" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Lescure, J. &amp; Marty, C. (2000) Atlas des amphibiens de Guyane. Patrimoines Naturels, 45, 1 - 388." type="journal article" year="2000">Lescure &amp; Marty 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Hoogmoed 2013, in press). Thus, it is necessary to confFirm this record by new fieldwork in the Tumucumaque area and to collect more (adult) specimens, in order to confirm the relationship of the Amapá population with 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCF0616AE16A007FB" box="[335,475,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCF0616AE16A007FB" box="[335,475,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Assuming that the specimen reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCDFE16AF133F07FB" author="Lima" box="[951,1092,1700,1724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Lima, J. D. (2008) A herpetofauna do Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amap, Brasil, Expedicoes I a V. In: Bernard, E. (Ed.), Inventarios Biologicos Rapidos no Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amap, Brasil. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, 48, 38 - 50." type="journal article" year="2008">Lima (2008)</bibRefCitation>
is a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCB4016AE12EE07FB" box="[1289,1429,1701,1724]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paraensis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCB4016AE12EE07FB" box="[1289,1429,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">B. paraensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its distribution pattern would coincide with that known for some other species (eg. 
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCA1716C313A007A7" box="[1118,1243,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Plica plica</emphasis>
Linneaus, 1758; 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCEDE16E7169F0643" authority="Shaw, 1802" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,484,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Caecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCEDE16E716280643" box="[151,339,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Caecilia gracilis</emphasis>
Shaw, 1802
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCFB816E714020643" authority="Mikan, 1820" authorityName="Mikan" authorityYear="1820" box="[497,889,1772,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Siphonops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annulatus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCFB816E715A70643" box="[497,732,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Siphonops annulatus</emphasis>
Mikan, 1820
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCDCE16E612EC0643" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1837" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" authorityYear="1837" box="[903,1431,1772,1796]" class="Squamata" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Norops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscoauratus">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCDCE16E613090643" box="[903,1138,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Norops fuscoauratus</emphasis>
Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1837
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCEDE171B1538066F" authority="Berthold, 1859" authorityName="Berthold" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,579,1808,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Caeciliidae" genus="Potomotyphlus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaupii">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCEDE171B16F6066F" box="[151,397,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Potomotyphlus kaupii</emphasis>
Berthold, 1859
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="2EFDC3DA5656FE0BCC19171B13D8066F" authority="Sturaro &amp; Avila-Pires, 2011" authorityName="Sturaro &amp; Avila-Pires" authorityYear="2011" box="[592,1187,1808,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Gonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nascimentoi">
<emphasis id="DB89644B5656FE0BCC19171B1421066F" box="[592,858,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Gonatodes nascimentoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCD2B171B13D8066F" author="Sturaro" box="[866,1187,1808,1832]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Sturaro, M. J. &amp; Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (2011) Taxonomic revision of the geckos of the Gonatodes concinnatus complex (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2869, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Sturaro &amp; Avila-Pires, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), which occur both in the 
<collectingCountry id="91EAF8C95656FE0BCE8A173F166F060B" box="[195,276,1844,1868]" name="Guyana" pageId="14" pageNumber="415">Guiana</collectingCountry>
region, north of the Amazon river, and in the Belém area of endemism, south of the Amazon river (
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCED7175C161B0628" author="Avila-Pires" box="[158,352,1879,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (1995) Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 299, 1 - 706." type="journal article" year="1995">Avila-Pires 1995</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCF22175C15E20628" author="Maciel" box="[363,665,1879,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Maciel, A. O. &amp; Hoogmoed, M. S. (2011) Taxonomy and distribution of caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) of Brazilian Amazonia, with a key to their identification. Zootaxa, 2984, 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="2011">Maciel &amp; Hoogmoed 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="8D6CC5A85656FE0BCCEC175C14A00628" author="Sturaro" box="[677,987,1879,1903]" pageId="14" pageNumber="415" refString="Sturaro, M. J. &amp; Avila-Pires, T. C. S. (2011) Taxonomic revision of the geckos of the Gonatodes concinnatus complex (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae), with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 2869, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2011">Sturaro &amp; Avila-Pires 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>