169 lines
17 KiB
XML
169 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.730.22869" ID-GBIF-Dataset="aafa35c8-c05b-46e1-b6c7-55be5e8fba5f" ID-PMC="PMC5799786" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-730-121" ID-PubMed="29416399" ID-ZBK="16CAB66EF25642329017110246C3CCFC" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-730-121" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 730" ModsDocTitle="Ten unique and charismatic new species of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from North America" checkinTime="1516301542085" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose" docDate="2018" docId="E844E20E0CC7F31D28778253D48A705F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 730: 121-148" docOrigin="ZooKeys 730" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.730.22869" docTitle="Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae Fernandez-Triana, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="58D06EA4-35DE-4D8B-91D1-E2F897D8EA87" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="CB06FFA4FFBA3655FFB0FFE1FF917628" masterDocTitle="Ten unique and charismatic new species of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from North America" masterLastPageNumber="148" masterPageNumber="121" pageNumber="127" updateTime="1668165317388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Ten unique and charismatic new species of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from North America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernandez-Triana, Jose</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>730</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>121</mods:start>
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<mods:end>148</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.730.22869</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.730.22869</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-730-121</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">16CAB66EF25642329017110246C3CCFC</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">16CAB66EF25642329017110246C3CCFC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="140417165" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58D06EA4-35DE-4D8B-91D1-E2F897D8EA87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E844E20E0CC7F31D28778253D48A705F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/58D06EA4-35DE-4D8B-91D1-E2F897D8EA87" authority="Fernandez-Triana" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae Fernandez-Triana</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="127">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Female, CNC, UNITED STATES. Holotype locality: Aztec Peak, Arizona, USA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="holotype labels">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Holotype labels.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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First label: Aztek Pk., AR./coll. vi-1-77/em. vi-24/Torg. 1977 7065A. Second label: Ex
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Orgya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orgya pseudotsugata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugata">Orgya pseudotsugata</taxonomicName>
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. Third label: Hopk. US/65254. Fourth label: CNC666525.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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11♀, 17 ♂ (CNC) from the following localities. Canada: AB, Pincher Creek; BC, Carquile; BC, Elko; BC, Mount Lolo; BC, Nelson; BC, Lake Williams. United States: AZ, Aztec Peak, Tonto National Forest; CA, El Dorado County, Iron Mountain; CA, San Bernardino County, Sky Forest; CA, Stowe Reservoir; CA, Modoc County,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tom’s">Tom's</normalizedToken>
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Creek; OR, Chiloquin Ridge; OR, Forth Klamath. Voucher codes: CNC841809- CNC841836. All of the specimens were reared, with emergence dates from early June to early August.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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Figures 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
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, female holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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The enlarged eyes and ocelli of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. pseudotsugae" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">G. pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
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are unlike those of any other described species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glyptapanteles</taxonomicName>
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in North America -all of which have normal-sized eyes. The antenna of females is also rather long, with the last flagellomeres not significantly reduced, as it is the case with most
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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female specimens. The size of eyes and ocelli, the relatively long antenna, and the yellow-brown body coloration are all morphological features that strongly suggest this species is nocturnal or crepuscular - see Quicke (2015) for a summary and further references on the suite of characters that are typical of nocturnal/crepuscular parasitoid wasps. The caterpillar hosts are also unique among known hosts of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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(see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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Female. Body mostly brown to dark brown (except for yellow scape, pedicel, labrum, mandibles, palpi, tegula; humeral complex half yellow and half brown; T3+ partially yellow; anterior laterotergites and sternites mostly yellow; hypopygium sometimes partially yellow); most of legs yellow, but metacoxa, apical 0.1 of metafemur and metatibia, and metatarsus brown. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown, veins mostly transparent (except for a few veins closer to pterostigma). Body mostly smooth and shiny, at most with fine, shallow and sparse punctures; propodeum with small striae around nucha; apical 0.3 of T1 and most of T2 (except centrally) with relatively coarse longitudinal striation. Head with eyes and ocelli enlarged. Protarsus with a thick and curved seta. Fore wing with veins r and 2RS meeting at a sharp angle, with vein 3RSa being a very small stub; vein R1 longer than pterostigma. Legs with tarsal claws simple. T1 narrowing towards posterior margin, T2 subtriangular (trapezoidal). Ovipositor sheaths with a few, large setae near tip. Body measurements (mm). Body L: 3.3 (3.2-3.7); fore wing L: 3.6 (3.7-4.1); ovipositor sheaths L: 0.15-0.20 (approximate measurement); metafemur L/W: 1.02/0.25 (1.04/0.25); metatibia L: 1.18 (1.22-1.24); metatibia inner/outer spurs L: 0.33/0.26 (0.32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.36/0.24–">-0.36/0.24-</normalizedToken>
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0.26); first segment of metatarsus L: 0.48 (0.50-0.55); F2/3/14/15/16: 0.32/0.30/0.15/0.14/0.16 (0.31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0.32/0.29–0.30/0.14–0.15/0.13/0.15–">-0.32/0.29-0.30/0.14-0.15/0.13/0.15-</normalizedToken>
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0.16);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ocular–ocellar">ocular-ocellar</normalizedToken>
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line: 0.06 (0.04-0.07); interocellar distance: 0.12 (0.10-0.13); posterior ocellus diameter: 0.11 (0.11-0.12).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Male. As female, but eyes not enlarged, and general coloration, especially on metasoma, darker.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Compared to the US specimens, the Canadian specimens are darker (dark brown to black scape, clypeus, labrum and most tergites) and also slightly larger (0.1-0.2 mm longer wings and body).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Western North America, from 33°-52°N. Canada: AB, BC. United States: AZ, CA, OR.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="127">Host data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="6" pageNumber="127">
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The US specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
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were all reared from the Douglas-fir tussock moth,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Orgya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orgya pseudotsugata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugata">Orgya pseudotsugata</taxonomicName>
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(McDunnough, 1921) (
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<taxonomicName family="Lymantriidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="family">Lymantriidae</taxonomicName>
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), while the Canadian specimens were reared from three different species of
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<taxonomicName family="Geometridae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
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: the Spruce-fir looper
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macaria signaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="signaria" subspecies="dispuncta">Macaria signaria dispuncta</taxonomicName>
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(Walker, 1860), the Brown-lined looper
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neoalcis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoalcis californiaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californiaria">Neoalcis californiaria</taxonomicName>
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(Packard, 1871), and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pero" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pero behrensarius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subspecies" species="behrensarius" subspecies="behrensarius">Pero behrensarius behrensarius</taxonomicName>
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(Packard, 1871). Most of the specimens we examined had remnants of the host larva and/or the wasp cocoon preserved (kept in a gel capsule, pinned or glued to the paper where the adult wasp was mounted); based on that evidence, the parasitoid is con
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="128" start="start">sidered</pageBreakToken>
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to be solitary.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
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is the first species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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recorded attacking those four species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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. [There actually is an earlier mention of this wasp species, as an unidentified "
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
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sp.", in a previous publication studying the parasitoids and predators of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Orgya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orgya pseudotsugata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugata">Orgya pseudotsugata</taxonomicName>
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(Dahlsten et al. 1977); that is to be expected as all
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Glyptapanteles</taxonomicName>
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species were considered to belong to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apanteles</taxonomicName>
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until
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<bibRefCitation author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada" pageId="24" pageNumber="145" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." year="1981">Mason (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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split the latter genus into several]. The four lepidopteran hosts recorded above all feed on Douglas fir
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(Mirb.) Franco.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="128" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="128">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="128">
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Named after the genus name of the Douglas fir,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudotsuga</taxonomicName>
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, as that plant harbours all caterpillar species that are host of the parasitoid wasp in North America.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="128" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="128">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Glyptapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudotsugae">Glyptapanteles pseudotsugae</taxonomicName>
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is an example of niche-based selection of caterpillar hosts by a parasitoid wasp, as all of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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species recorded here coexist on fir forests in North America (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mason, R" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Notes" pageId="24" pageNumber="145" url="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-078148-5.50006-3" year="1987">Mason 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). That contrasts with the recorded information for most
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="128" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
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wasps, which usually parasitize taxonomically related hosts. Despite the relatively wide geographical distribution of the species in western North America (the distance between the southernmost known specimens in central Arizona and the northernmost known specimens in southern British Columbia is approximately 2,500 km), and the different hosts species parasitized across the wasp range, only minor morphological differences are apparent, and thus the US and Canadian wasp specimens are here considered to be conspecific. Many of the US specimens from the type series detailed above come from Dahlsten et al. (1977), although those authors saw additional specimens not seen nor studied for this paper. No molecular data is known for this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |