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<mods:title id="BF4E7C74320547EF3426F85D1631D137">Taxonomic review of weevils of the tribe Celeuthetini, mainly from Sundaland, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="B8080432FFE6252BFF6FB8B0FE7BFF64" blockId="46.[151,1186,151,214]" box="[151,521,151,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFF6FB8B0FDDDFF64" authority="Riedel" authorityName="Riedel" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,431,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parasyntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFF6FB8B0FD25FF67" bold="true" box="[151,343,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parasyntrophus</emphasis>
Riedel
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<typeStatus id="670CBA90FFE6252BFF6FB8DDFCBEFEC7" box="[151,204,250,274]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFED4B8DDFEF3FEC7" ID-CoL="3PDFY" authority="Heller, 1914" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1914" box="[300,641,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Idiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatifrons">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFED4B8DDFD88FEC7" box="[300,506,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Idiopsis radiatifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC2679C3FFE6252BFDF9B8DDFEF3FEC7" author="Heller, K. M." box="[513,641,250,274]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="293 - 315" refId="ref41042" refString="Heller, K. M. (1914) Coleoptera von Seran (Ceram) und Bali. (Zoologische Ergebnisse der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 3 (10 / 12), 293 - 315, tafel 5." type="journal article" year="1914">Heller, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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, by present designation.
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<subSubSection id="F0AD57B9FFE6252BFF6FB967FD33FCFB" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="B8080432FFE6252BFF6FB967FD33FCFB" blockId="46.[151,1437,320,1103]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFF6FB967FD53FE8F" bold="true" box="[151,289,320,346]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
. Integument covered with appressed, microgranulate scales; elytra at least on declivity with rows of long erect clavate scales. Head with angulate or curved transverse sulcus separating rostral base; vertex with radial furrows sometimes more or less obscured by scales. Eyes protruding, asymmetrically convex, drawn posteriad; separated from apex of prothorax by ca. length of eye. Profile (
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFC7EB98BFF98FE13" box="[902,1002,428,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-32@70.[151,1436,181,1812]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 40. Celeuthetini, head in profile: (a) Bonthaina solitaria Heller, lectotype (b) Heteroglymma biramosum (Motschulsky) (c) Apotomorhamphus parcesetosus Voss, paratype (d) Parasyntrophus radiatifrons (Heller) (e) Syntrophus carinicollis (Heller) (f) Idiopsodes griseus (Faust) (g) Temnogastrus javanus (Faust) (h) Piezonotus suturalis Gyllenhal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612958" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612958/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 40d</figureCitation>
) anteriorly with marked constriction. Rostrum with dorsum between antennal scrobes narrow; posteriorly with distinct glabrous costa; apical declivity with sunk-in scales, weakly impressed; dorsal profile convex to subangulate. Antenna. Scape stout; in cross-section subrotund; with appressed scales and with interspersed long, curved, suberect scales. Funicle with article 2 subequal or longer (1.01.5 X) than article 1. Pronotum as long as, or slightly longer than wide; coarsely punctate. Metanepisternum narrow, sometimes concealed by scales. Elytra subovate, with 10 striae. Legs. Protibia ventrally simple, not denticulate. Venter. Procoxae approximate, separated by 0.15 X procoxal diameter; distance to apex 0.5 X distance to base of prothorax. Mesoventral process elongate, ca. 1.50 X as long as posterior width. Abdomen. Female ventrites 35 exposed, laterally half as long (0.5 X) as ventrites 12. Genitalia. Penis (
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFB4BBAEBF96DFD33" box="[1203,1311,716,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="47.[151,250,2017,2041]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1992]" captionTargetId="figure-103@47.[151,1436,380,1993]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parasyntrophus gitgitus (Heller). Idiopsodes gitgitus (Heller), lectotype: (a) Habitus (b) Penis (c) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612914/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs. 26b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFAD2BAEBF925FD33" box="[1322,1367,716,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,189,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-32@48.[151,1436,181,1585]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parasyntrophus radiatifrons (Heller). Idiopsodes radiatifrons (Heller), lectotype: (a) Habitus (b) Penis (c) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612918/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">27b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFA9ABAEBF9E3FD33" box="[1378,1425,716,742]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,343,1973]" captionTargetId="figure-81@50.[151,1436,338,1973]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasyntrophus setosapex (Heller). Idiopsodes setosapex (Heller), lectotype: (a) Habitus (b) Penis (c) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612924/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">28b</figureCitation>
). Apodeme firmly attached to body. Transfer apparatus flagelliform, ca. 23 X as long as body of penis, subapically extremely thin.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="F0AD57B9FFE6252BFF3FBB1EFFA7FB9B" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="B8080432FFE6252BFF3FBB1EFE48FCA3" blockId="46.[151,1437,320,1103]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFF3FBB1EFD3CFC86" bold="true" box="[199,334,825,851]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is a combination of the Greek prefix
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFC69BB1EFFBDFC87" box="[913,975,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="670CBA90FFE6252BFC69BB1EFFBDFC87" box="[913,975,825,850]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">para-</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(next to, near by) and the genus name
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFF6FBB7BFD66FCA3" box="[151,276,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Syntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFF6FBB7BFD66FCA3" box="[151,276,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Syntrophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8080432FFE6252BFF3FBBA6FFA7FB9B" blockId="46.[151,1437,320,1103]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFF3FBBA6FD78FC4E" bold="true" box="[199,266,897,923]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Notes</emphasis>
. This group of species from Bali plus one undescribed species from Lombok is related to
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFAE7BBA7FC8FFC6B" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Syntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFAE7BBA7F9EEFC4F" box="[1311,1436,896,922]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Syntrophus</emphasis>
Marshall
</taxonomicName>
, but differs by its 10 elytral striae, more asymmetrically shaped eyes, and an elongate mesoventral process. Furthermore, the genus
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFE52BBEFFE0CFC36" authority="Voss" authorityName="Voss" box="[426,638,968,995]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apirocalodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFE52BBEFFE4CFC37" box="[426,574,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Apirocalodes</emphasis>
Voss
</taxonomicName>
, is the closest relative of
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFC50BBEFF8E0FC37" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" box="[936,1170,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Syntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFC50BBEFF857FC37" box="[936,1061,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Syntrophus</emphasis>
Marshall
</taxonomicName>
according to our latest molecular phylogenetic reconstructions.
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFD9EBBCBFF11FBD3" authority="Thompson" authorityName="Thompson" box="[614,867,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Idiopsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFD9EBBCBFEADFBD3" box="[614,735,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Idiopsodes</emphasis>
Thompson
</taxonomicName>
, a replacement name of the genus to which these species were originally assigned to is completely unrelated and deeply nested in a clade of genera from New
<collectingCountry id="C0A044A2FFE6252BFABCBC37F9EBFBFF" box="[1348,1433,1040,1066]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The description of a new genus is the best solution to resolve these issues.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8080432FFE6252BFF6FBCB1FEC5FB65" blockId="46.[151,695,1173,1200]" box="[151,695,1173,1200]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFF6FBCB1FEC5FB65" bold="true" box="[151,695,1173,1200]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFE65BCB2FE2FFB65" authority="Riedel, 2024" authorityName="Riedel" authorityYear="2024" box="[413,605,1173,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parasyntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFE65BCB2FE2FFB65" bold="true" box="[413,605,1173,1200]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parasyntrophus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="91F0655BFFE6252BFD9CBCB1FEC5FB65" box="[612,695,1174,1200]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="03431C97FFE6252BFF6FBCFCF9EEFAFE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<keyLead id="0346A707FFE6252BFF6FBCFCF9EEFAD8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
1 Elytra dorsally flattened; interval 6 with lateral ridge, bearing fringe of long erect scales. Penis apically simple, not widened.
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFF1ABCDFFD41FAD8" box="[226,307,1272,1294]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,189,1585]" captionTargetId="figure-32@48.[151,1436,181,1585]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 27. Parasyntrophus radiatifrons (Heller). Idiopsodes radiatifrons (Heller), lectotype: (a) Habitus (b) Penis (c) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612918/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 27a</figureCitation>
............................................................
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFC07BCDFF9EEFAD8" authority="(Heller, 1914)" authorityName="Riedel" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[1023,1436,1272,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parasyntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radiatifrons">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFC07BCDFF97DFAD8" box="[1023,1295,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parasyntrophus radiatifrons</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC2679C3FFE6252BFAE4BCDFF9E7FAD8" author="Heller, K. M." box="[1308,1429,1272,1294]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="293 - 315" refId="ref41042" refString="Heller, K. M. (1914) Coleoptera von Seran (Ceram) und Bali. (Zoologische Ergebnisse der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 3 (10 / 12), 293 - 315, tafel 5." type="journal article" year="1914">Heller, 1914</bibRefCitation>
)
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<keyLead id="0346A707FFE6252BFF6FBD32F9EEFAFE" box="[151,1436,1301,1323]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1´Elytra dorsally convex. Penis subapically widened........................................................... 2</keyLead>
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2 (1´) Elytra from base to apex with long, erect, subclavate scales.
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFCDEBD77FF0AFAB3" box="[806,888,1360,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="47.[151,250,2017,2041]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,394,1992]" captionTargetId="figure-103@47.[151,1436,380,1993]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parasyntrophus gitgitus (Heller). Idiopsodes gitgitus (Heller), lectotype: (a) Habitus (b) Penis (c) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612914/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 26a</figureCitation>
...............
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFBD1BD77F9EEFAB0" authority="(Heller, 1914)" authorityName="Riedel" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[1065,1436,1360,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parasyntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gitgitus">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFBD1BD77F97DFAB3" box="[1065,1295,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parasyntrophus gitgitus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC2679C3FFE6252BFAE4BD77F9E7FAB0" author="Heller, K. M." box="[1308,1429,1360,1382]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="293 - 315" refId="ref41042" refString="Heller, K. M. (1914) Coleoptera von Seran (Ceram) und Bali. (Zoologische Ergebnisse der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 3 (10 / 12), 293 - 315, tafel 5." type="journal article" year="1914">Heller, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8080432FFE6252BFF6FBD4AF9EEFA56" blockId="46.[151,1436,1360,1411]" box="[151,1436,1389,1411]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<keyLead id="0346A707FFE6252BFF6FBD4AF9EEFA56" box="[151,1436,1389,1411]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
2´Elytra with long, erect scales limited to apical declivity.
<figureCitation id="208C18B7FFE6252BFD06BD4AFF22FA57" box="[766,848,1389,1411]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1996,2020]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,343,1973]" captionTargetId="figure-81@50.[151,1436,338,1973]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasyntrophus setosapex (Heller). Idiopsodes setosapex (Heller), lectotype: (a) Habitus (b) Penis (c) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11612924/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 28a</figureCitation>
................
<taxonomicName id="7FB77FB1FFE6252BFBEBBD4AF9EEFA56" authority="(Heller, 1914)" authorityName="Riedel" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Heller" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[1043,1436,1389,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Parasyntrophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setosapex">
<emphasis id="8AC3D820FFE6252BFBEBBD4AF97DFA56" box="[1043,1295,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Parasyntrophus setosapex</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC2679C3FFE6252BFAE4BD4AF9E7FA56" author="Heller, K. M." box="[1308,1429,1389,1411]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="293 - 315" refId="ref41042" refString="Heller, K. M. (1914) Coleoptera von Seran (Ceram) und Bali. (Zoologische Ergebnisse der II. Freiburger Molukken-Expedition.). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 3 (10 / 12), 293 - 315, tafel 5." type="journal article" year="1914">Heller, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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