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<document id="FC36B9ED4E022015F0DDE21379FD25A5" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630276700656" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TEDFORD R. H., WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E." docDate="2009" docId="173487AEFF98074DFCFE7326FEBEFB24" docLanguage="en" docName="B325.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (325)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Urocyon Baird 1858" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="69" masterDocId="EB0DFFD6FFDB0709FFD7770AFFEFFFB9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="68" updateTime="1699210124599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="69F819560F85871D63BABE55B1E4C8DC">
<mods:title id="AE05E74A0A76B91F0908D2D7BDE48474">Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF126D7EE06A8FCB01E3460EEA80928E">TEDFORD R. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B80BDF489082764948D076754B79F7C0">WANG X.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96C4E485E20A93F61B2CE591F45D82FF">TAYLOR B. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="489C3421ACF370229FF45CD386F52667">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6B268AD38B7B4CCC4478A179F6761D9C">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="043DF44EBB225A8F3322DEE79F3025D6">2009-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F0EC0B4B3A1D6FEAABEE97E82F04B2BF" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6834474D53EB8CB25EE8F166698DD678">2009</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="68501BB316B83CF56600AA0A7C0D3E95">325</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0EBB2E9EFA0CDE55804DDB6775A1E964" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="173487AEFF98074DFCFE7326FEBEFB24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5463595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFF98074DFCFE7326FEBEFB24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/173487AEFF98074DFCFE7326FEBEFB24" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<subSubSection id="D7876533FF98074AFCFE7326FBF3FBFB" box="[809,1052,1068,1090]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF98074AFCFE7326FBF3FBFB" blockId="67.[809,1052,1068,1090]" box="[809,1052,1068,1090]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="C46A81D4FF98074AFCFE7326FBF3FBFB" box="[809,1052,1068,1090]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFCFE7326FBF3FBFB" ID-CoL="8583" authority="Baird, 1858" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[809,1052,1068,1090]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFCFE7326FC64FBF8" box="[809,907,1068,1089]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Urocyon</emphasis>
Baird, 1858
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7876533FF98074DFD617351FEBEFB24" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF98074AFD617351FC8DFB34" blockId="67.[667,1193,1114,1759]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<typeStatus id="4026881AFF98074AFD617351FD1EFBC9" box="[694,753,1115,1136]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
Species:
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFCA27351FCB2FB34" authority="(Schreber), 1775" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereoargenteus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFCA27351FB46FBC9" box="[885,1193,1115,1136]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Urocyon cinereoargenteus</emphasis>
(Schreber), 1775
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF98074AFD61739CFC75FABD" blockId="67.[667,1193,1114,1759]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Included Fossil Species:
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFC28739DFCA1FB70" authority="Stevens, 1965" authorityName="Stevens" authorityYear="1965" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="progressus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFC28739DFB46FB15" box="[1023,1193,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">U. progressus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FF98074AFD4C73BEFCA1FB70" author="Stevens, M. S." box="[667,846,1203,1225]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="265 - 269" refId="ref132212" refString="Stevens, M. S. 1965. A new species of Urocyon from the upper Pliocene of Kansas. Journal of Mammalogy 46: 265 - 269." type="journal article" year="1965">Stevens, 1965</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFCBB73BEFD3AFB5F" authority="Martin, 1974" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1974" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minicephalus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFCBB73BEFBDAFB73" box="[876,1077,1203,1226]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">U. minicephalus</emphasis>
Martin, 1974
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFD3173D8FCBEFB5E" authority="TEDFORD R. H. &amp; WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E., 2009" authorityName="TEDFORD R. H. &amp; WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E." authorityYear="2009" box="[742,849,1232,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="webbi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFD3173D8FCBEFB5E" box="[742,849,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">U. webbi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6DA57D1FF98074AFCB173D8FC42FB5E" box="[870,941,1234,1255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFC1773D8FBA8FB5E" authority="TEDFORD R. H. &amp; WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E., 2009" authorityName="TEDFORD R. H. &amp; WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E." authorityYear="2009" box="[960,1095,1232,1255]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galushai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFC1773D8FBA8FB5E" box="[960,1095,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">U. galushai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6DA57D1FF98074AFB8B73D8FB4CFB5E" box="[1116,1187,1234,1255]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; and
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF98074AFD0773E5FCA6FABD" authority="TEDFORD R. H. &amp; WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E., 2009" authorityName="TEDFORD R. H. &amp; WANG X. &amp; TAYLOR B. E." authorityYear="2009" box="[720,841,1263,1284]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF98074AFD0773E5FCA6FABD" box="[720,841,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">U. citrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6DA57D1FF98074AFC8E73E5FC75FABD" box="[857,922,1263,1284]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF98074AFD617207FB8BFAE7" blockId="67.[667,1193,1114,1759]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Distribution: Medial Hemphillian to Recent in North America and Recent in Central America and northern South America.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF98074DFD61726CFF2DFDAB" blockId="67.[667,1193,1114,1759]" lastBlockId="68.[128,654,213,1181]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Revised Diagnosis: Differs from other vulpines in the following apomorphies: nasals extend posterior to the frontal-maxillary suture; larger more posterieorly extended depression on dorsal surface of postorbital process accentuated by parasagittal ridges that begin at postorbital processes; frontal crests lyrate, strongly ridged, and joining behind frontoparietal suture; frontal part of braincase more expanded with wider postorbital constriction; medial cusplets on I1–I2 absent; canines with short and little recurved crowns; anterolabial cingulum of P4 often produced as parastyle; m1 entoconid and hypoconid usually connected by cristids to form transverse crest, hypoconulid relatively large; m2 trigonid shorter with paraconid varying from small (
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF9F074DFE577641FE11FED9" box="[384,510,331,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF9F074DFE577641FE11FED9" box="[384,510,331,352]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">U. citrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) to absent, talonid narrower with hypoconulid varying from distinct cusp to shelf; and in derived species, horizontal ramus with subangular lobe, condyle above alveolar border, and shallow depression ventral to masseteric fossa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF9F074DFF4C7510FF58FD46" blockId="68.[128,654,213,1181]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Discussion:
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF9F074DFEE17511FE77FD89" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[310,408,539,560]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF9F074DFEE17511FE77FD89" box="[310,408,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Urocyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered the sister taxon of
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF9F074DFE83753DFE20FDF7" authorityName="Tedford and Wang" authorityYear="2008" box="[340,463,567,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Metalopex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF9F074DFE83753DFE20FDF7" box="[340,463,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Metalopex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unlike other vulpines, they have a protostylid on m1 and m2 and a strong labial cingulum on m2 that may be linked with the base of the welldeveloped protostylid. These synapomorphies are evidence of their phyletic relationship.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FF9F074DFF4A740DFEBEFB24" blockId="68.[128,654,213,1181]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
As listed in the diagnosis, the morphology of the lower molars of
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF9F074DFE79742CFDFFFC82" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[430,528,806,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF9F074DFE79742CFDFFFC82" box="[430,528,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Urocyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more complex, with the consistent presence of the m1 protostylid, the entoconid and hypoconid being generally joined by a transverse crest, and the hypoconulid being larger. The m2 trigonid in
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF9F074DFED874B3FE9EFC77" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[271,369,953,974]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF9F074DFED874B3FE9EFC77" box="[271,369,953,974]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Urocyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very short with the paraconid generally absent, although there is a paracristid. In the most derived species of
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFF9F074DFF577318FF0DFB9E" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[128,226,1042,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFF9F074DFF577318FF0DFB9E" box="[128,226,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Urocyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is a shallow depression beneath the masseteric fossa, and a prominent subangular lobe is present, which may be keeled ventrally, strongly angled posteriorly, and spinose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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