283 lines
33 KiB
XML
283 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="99F5D92C1B7A25216668A7CC34FF393B" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.016" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10485263" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1704944057575" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Babova, Oxana, Occhipinti, Andrea & Maffei, Massimo E." docDate="2016" docId="03F4281C2168FFEEDB31CAFBFD9583E1" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.123.33-39.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 123" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Coffea canephora" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFCD5064216AFFEADB43CC4DFFC0843E" masterDocTitle="Chemical partitioning and antioxidant capacity of green coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora) of different geographical origin" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="35" updateTime="1705347914770" updateUser="julia">
|
|
<mods:mods id="60903C41634438A20B973AD5F85DD985" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="CBBECB5C66639A4D663C818FB57561F2">
|
|
<mods:title id="78DEA6DAF787AC70F1806212E1828550">Chemical partitioning and antioxidant capacity of green coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora) of different geographical origin</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="475EA41F5D650919CF4C7929FE371E7E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="089DCFA1E6C40E5506B9D0967DD3A764">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="FC031AC167B595A981211A7AC4327DA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="21210FDEDB3090305AB448E2D01C8C34">Babova, Oxana</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="11E98A50E65D361307CE6FC77E62FA1C">Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15 / A, Turin, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="875DBB338542D56E04769F0F4670701C" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="E331372BBAAD11BA3FC1C94FC66F5FEE">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="1942648CB77992533907DB6373307953">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="1BFA648F8F9AB3C3D119E01E465D223E">Occhipinti, Andrea</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="7ED87D823D87CCD325F16A9E53B958B7">Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15 / A, Turin, Italy & Biosfered S. r. l., Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15 / A, Turin, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="5ACA1F1366F1FD996B83890FC46EDE55" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="A022D5320FD94C0298B330EED5ACEE64">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="EA2BE11B2B790687EB8F6D001E1D090F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="98C7BB8BC48E0319BC4894A68BE68F2E">Maffei, Massimo E.</mods:namePart>
|
|
<mods:affiliation id="6C95763A48F95568D29C7B3D43480391">Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15 / A, Turin, Italy & Biosfered S. r. l., Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15 / A, Turin, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="227BCE095EC9851075A5D5A1C411C7DD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="939FC28F8B1A2163BA350B208271145A" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="AF2CB2EDDD68CDC3284346596DE1BB4B">
|
|
<mods:title id="3B695311C43586C9AC01E1E2B73101A6">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="ABF847DE2A26EDBAEBAC3BB284F2784E">
|
|
<mods:date id="8356DBCEFD01DCF8872C91A02BC44A22">2016</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="A5E1090B4A1965777B08C87DEE49E47B" type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number id="BD0209232E289A5DDC59E6983EBD38FB">2016-03-31</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="4947B5B8F0983D6067B099AEFA7918BA" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="4A7F48E6C4BB7382E91C57971DDF523A">123</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="752A773ED581273B57CA883DFD714CAE" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="C4D570817290A2389BEDAE98271AD478">33</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="DB280F886FEC363D59DEB5CBACE5ADF2">39</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="03C765030B7F81CFC9AA5E9FC0AA4CE3">
|
|
<mods:url id="E548D3F9F636FAAF967D48ED3666C02D">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.016</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="DFDE2A2A7085ED61FD9A3BBFB95A7A9D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="DA8179CFC47C0E24E8DE1E313E1222F0" type="DOI">10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.016</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="C7AFFD54C9CE0D388CEC8A5B81EFFE64" type="ISSN">1873-3700</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="7B0BF8F58A6D5D47278902D736F1DA76" type="Zenodo-Dep">10485263</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03F4281C2168FFEEDB31CAFBFD9583E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F4281C2168FFEEDB31CAFBFD9583E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4281C2168FFEEDB31CAFBFD9583E1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C347CA812168FFE8DB31CAFBFDE982D8" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE2990A2168FFE8DB31CAFBFDE982D8" blockId="2.[113,657,1718,1766]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
|
<heading id="D0AA2E662168FFE8DB31CAFBFDE982D8" fontSize="8" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" reason="8">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DB31CAFBFDE982D8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
|
2.1. Total hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and caffeine determination in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892168FFE8DA59CA9FFE5782D8" ID-CoL="WVXV" authority="Pierre ex A. Froehner" box="[282,407,1746,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">C. canephora</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892168FFE8DA8ACA9FFDE982D8" authority="L." box="[457,553,1746,1766]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">C. arabica</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C347CA812168FFEEDBD2CB46FD9583E1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE2990A2168FFE8DBD2CB46FC5D83FD" blockId="2.[113,783,1803,1990]" lastBlockId="2.[831,1501,1660,1987]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">
|
|
The chemical composition of green coffee from different geographical origins is characterized by the presence of several chlorogenic acids, including esters of
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DAE6CB0FFE168368" box="[421,470,1858,1878]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">trans</emphasis>
|
|
-cinnamic acids and quinic acid (Table 1). Caffeic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DA12CB12FE9E834C" bold="true" box="[337,350,1887,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">1</emphasis>
|
|
),
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DA2CCB13FEBB834C" box="[367,379,1886,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
|
|
-coumaroylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D92BCB12FDB5834C" bold="true" box="[616,629,1887,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">2</emphasis>
|
|
),
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D9C5CB13FD52834C" box="[646,658,1886,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">p</emphasis>
|
|
-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DB32CB37FF4083B0" box="[113,128,1914,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">coumaroylN</emphasis>
|
|
-tryptophan (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DA4ECB36FEDA83B0" bold="true" box="[269,282,1915,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">3</emphasis>
|
|
), chlorogenic acid (3-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D941CB37FDD183B0" box="[514,529,1914,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-caffeoylquinic acid) (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D9B6CB36FCC283B0" bold="true" box="[757,770,1915,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">4</emphasis>
|
|
), neochlorogenic acid (5-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DA29CBD8FEB98397" box="[362,377,1941,1961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-caffeoylquinic acid) (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D923CBDAFDAD8394" bold="true" box="[608,621,1943,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">5</emphasis>
|
|
), cryptochlorogenic acid (4-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DBB8CBFCFECA83FB" box="[251,266,1969,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-caffeoylquinic acid) (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DAA5CBFFFE3383FB" bold="true" box="[486,499,1970,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">6</emphasis>
|
|
), caffeoyl-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D91ECBFCFDAC83FB" box="[605,620,1969,1989]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">N</emphasis>
|
|
-tryptophan (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D9B6CBFEFCC283F8" bold="true" box="[757,770,1971,1990]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">7</emphasis>
|
|
), 3-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D817CA31FCA382AE" box="[852,867,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-feruloylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF70CA30FB8082AE" bold="true" box="[1075,1088,1661,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">8</emphasis>
|
|
), 5-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF24CA31FBB682AE" box="[1127,1142,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-feruloylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DE05CA30FA9382AE" bold="true" box="[1350,1363,1661,1680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">9</emphasis>
|
|
), 3,4-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DEC8CA31FA5A82AE" box="[1419,1434,1660,1680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-dicaffeoylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D8AECAD4FBC68292" bold="true" box="[1005,1030,1689,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">10</emphasis>
|
|
), 3,5-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF02CAD5FB908292" box="[1089,1104,1688,1708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-dicaffeoylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DE74CAD4FA908292" bold="true" box="[1335,1360,1689,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">11</emphasis>
|
|
), 4,5-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DEC8CAD5FA5A8292" box="[1419,1434,1688,1708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-dicaffeoylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF40CAF8FBDC82F6" bold="true" box="[1027,1052,1717,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">12</emphasis>
|
|
), 3-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF13CAF9FBA882F6" box="[1104,1128,1716,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O-</emphasis>
|
|
feruloyl-4-caffeoylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DEF5CAF8FA0F82F6" bold="true" box="[1462,1487,1717,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">13</emphasis>
|
|
), 3-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D817CA9DFCA382DA" box="[852,867,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF95CA9CFB2F82DA" bold="true" box="[1238,1263,1745,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">14</emphasis>
|
|
), 4-
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DE71CA9DFA8182DA" box="[1330,1345,1744,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">O</emphasis>
|
|
-feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D8ADCAA0FBC7833E" bold="true" box="[1006,1031,1773,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">15</emphasis>
|
|
), and caffeine (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DFE5CAA0FB7F833E" bold="true" box="[1190,1215,1773,1792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">16</emphasis>
|
|
) were isolated (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1366858F2168FFE8DE26CAA0FA5C833E" box="[1381,1436,1773,1792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[113,139,1535,1549]" captionTargetBox="[355,1260,181,1506]" captionTargetId="figure-250@2.[355,1260,181,1506]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Structure formulae of the identified compounds extracted from Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. (1) Caffeic acid; (2) p-coumaroylquinic acid; (3) p-coumaroyl-N- tryptophan; (4) chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid); (5) neochlorogenic acid (5-O-caffeoylquinic acid); (6) cryptochlorogenic acid (4-O-caffeoylquinic acid); (7) caffeoyl-N-tryptophan; (8) 3-O-feruloylquinic acid; (9) 5-O-feruloylquinic acid; (10) 3,4-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid; (11) 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid; (12) 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid; (13) 3-O-feruloyl-4-caffeoylquinic acid; (14) 3-O-feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid; (15) 4-O-feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid; (16) caffeine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|
), as is typical of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892168FFE8D897CB45FBF68322" box="[980,1078,1800,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8D897CB45FBF68322" box="[980,1078,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892168FFE8DF2CCB45FB2E8322" box="[1135,1262,1800,1820]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DF2CCB45FB2E8322" box="[1135,1262,1800,1820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2168FFE8DE11CB44FC7C8306" author="Alonso-Salces, R. M. & Serra, F. & Reniero, F. & Heberger, K." pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="4224 - 4235" refId="ref5617" refString="Alonso-Salces, R. M., Serra, F., Reniero, F., Heberger, K., 2009. Botanical and geographical characterization of green coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora): chemometric evaluation of phenolic and methylxanthine contents. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 4224 - 4235." type="journal article" year="2009">Alonso-Salces et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2168FFE8D88FCB68FB9E8306" author="Clifford, M. N." box="[972,1118,1829,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="362 - 372" refId="ref6100" refString="Clifford, M. N., 1999. Chlorogenic acids and other cinnamates - nature, occurrence and dietary burden. J. Sci. Food Agric. 79, 362 - 372." type="journal article" year="1999">Clifford, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2168FFE8DF2ECB68FABF8306" author="Clifford, M. N. & Knight, S." box="[1133,1407,1829,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="457 - 463" refId="ref6135" refString="Clifford, M. N., Knight, S., 2004. The cinnamoyl-amino acid conjugates of green robusta coffee beans. Food Chem. 87, 457 - 463." type="journal article" year="2004">Clifford and Knight, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2168FFE8DECCCB68FC6E836A" author="Del Rio, D. & Stalmach, A. & Calani, L. & Crozier, A." pageId="2" pageNumber="35" pagination="820 - 833" refId="ref6263" refString="Del Rio, D., Stalmach, A., Calani, L., Crozier, A., 2010. Bioavailability of coffee chlorogenic acids and green tea flavan- 3 - ols. Nutrients 2, 820 - 833." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="499957E82168FFE8DECCCB68FA718306" box="[1423,1457,1829,1848]" country="Cameroon" name="South" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">Del</collectingRegion>
|
|
Rio et al., 2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Among phenolic compounds, neochlorogenic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DE84CB0CFA14836A" bold="true" box="[1479,1492,1857,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">5</emphasis>
|
|
) was the most abundant compound in all samples analyzed, followed by chlorogenic acid (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DFC9CB35FB5783B5" bold="true" box="[1162,1175,1912,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">4</emphasis>
|
|
) (Table 1). Caffeine (
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182168FFE8DEC5CB35FA5F83B5" bold="true" box="[1414,1439,1912,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35">16</emphasis>
|
|
) was the second most abundant compound in all analyzed samples (Table 1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="DF22C9822169FFE9DB14CFC7FBFB878E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10485267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" startId="3.[87,113,906,920]" targetBox="[360,1191,184,876]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE2990A2169FFE9DB14CFC7FBFB878E" blockId="3.[87,1476,902,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DB14CFC7FF4B87A7" bold="true" box="[87,139,906,921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution of total chlorogenic acids and caffeine (expressed as g kg
|
|
<superScript id="7C2834422169FFE9D997CFCBFD2587AF" attach="left" box="[724,741,902,913]" fontSize="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9D997CFCBFD1E87AE" bold="true" box="[724,734,902,912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">—</emphasis>
|
|
1
|
|
</superScript>
|
|
of dry weight g/kg) from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9D881CFC4FBD087A7" box="[962,1040,905,921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9D881CFC4FBD087A7" box="[962,1040,905,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DF7FCFC4FB6187A7" box="[1084,1185,905,921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DF7FCFC4FB6187A7" box="[1084,1185,905,921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of different geographical origin.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DEF7CFC4FF67878E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DEF7CFC4FF67878E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions show the highest content with respect to all other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9D9E4CFEDFD33878E" box="[679,755,928,944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9D9E4CFEDFD33878E" box="[679,755,928,944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions. See Table 2 for code names.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="DF22C9822169FFE9DB14CAC6FF7D82F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485269" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10485269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485269/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" startId="3.[87,113,1675,1689]" targetBox="[360,1191,1039,1640]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE2990A2169FFE9DB14CAC6FF7D82F9" blockId="3.[87,1476,1673,1735]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DB14CAC6FF4882A7" bold="true" box="[87,136,1675,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Scatter plot of total chlorogenic acids against caffeine content. A clear distinction is evident between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9D8F6CAC4FBD782A7" box="[949,1047,1673,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9D8F6CAC4FBD782A7" box="[949,1047,1673,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(R-Uganda and R-Vietnam) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DE58CAC4FAA682A7" box="[1307,1382,1673,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DE58CAC4FAA682A7" box="[1307,1382,1673,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions. The
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DB39CAEDFF07828E" box="[122,199,1696,1712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DB39CAEDFF07828E" box="[122,199,1696,1712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions from Kenya shows the highest content of chlorogenic acid and the lowest amount of caffeine. Metric bars indicate standard error; see Table 2 for code names.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE2990A2169FFE9DB35CB4CFF2683E9" blockId="3.[87,757,1793,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
|
The total amount of identified compounds shows a clear and significant distinction between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DAD1CB51FDCC830E" box="[402,524,1820,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DAD1CB51FDCC830E" box="[402,524,1820,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A2169FFE9D904CB50FD53830E" box="[583,659,1821,1840]" name="Uganda" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A2169FFE9D980CB50FF448372" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
and all other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DA4ECB75FEAB8372" box="[269,363,1848,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DA4ECB75FEAB8372" box="[269,363,1848,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions. Among the latter,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9D9D4CB75FD358372" box="[663,757,1848,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9D9D4CB75FD358372" box="[663,757,1848,1868]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A2169FFE9DBCECB18FF208356" box="[141,224,1877,1896]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
|
showed the lowest amount (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1366858F2169FFE9D947CB18FDF98356" box="[516,569,1877,1896]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,906,920]" captionTargetBox="[360,1191,184,876]" captionTargetId="figure-160@3.[359,1192,181,877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution of total chlorogenic acids and caffeine (expressed as g kg —1 of dry weight g/kg) from C. arabica and C. canephora of different geographical origin. C. canephora accessions show the highest content with respect to all other C. arabica accessions. See Table 2 for code names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
). These data are in agreement with the literature data, confirming a higher content of chlorogenic acids and caffeine in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DAB9CBC6FDBE83A1" box="[506,638,1931,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DAB9CBC6FDBE83A1" box="[506,638,1931,1951]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2169FFE9DB1CCBE5FEB48385" author="Alonso-Salces, R. M. & Serra, F. & Reniero, F. & Heberger, K." box="[95,372,1960,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" pagination="4224 - 4235" refId="ref5617" refString="Alonso-Salces, R. M., Serra, F., Reniero, F., Heberger, K., 2009. Botanical and geographical characterization of green coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora): chemometric evaluation of phenolic and methylxanthine contents. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 4224 - 4235." type="journal article" year="2009">Alonso-Salces et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2169FFE9DAC6CBE5FD988385" author="Correia, A. & Leitao, M. C. A. & Clifford, M. N." box="[389,600,1960,1980]" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" pagination="309 - 313" refId="ref6168" refString="Correia, A., Leitao, M. C. A., Clifford, M. N., 1995. Caffeoyl-tyrosine and Angola-II as characteristic markers for angolan robusta coffee. Food Chem. 53, 309 - 313." type="journal article" year="1995">Correia et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2169FFE9D92ACBE5FF1883E9" author="Guerrero, G. & Suarez, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="36" pagination="2454 - 2458" refId="ref6403" refString="Guerrero, G., Suarez, M., 2001. Chlorogenic acids as a potential criterion in coffee genotype selections. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49, 2454 - 2458." type="journal article" year="2001">Guerrero and Suarez, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE2990A2169FFEED807CB4CFD9583E1" blockId="3.[805,1475,1793,2008]" lastBlockId="4.[113,783,1688,2015]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">
|
|
One of the crucial parameters for the use of green coffee in dietary supplements is the ratio between caffeine and total chlorogenic acids, the latter being responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity of green coffee extracts. Moreover, concentrations of phenolic compounds and methylxanthines are considered reliable geographical indicators, as well as chemotaxonomical markers (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCCE4FB2169FFE9DE36CBC1FC1D8385" author="Alonso-Salces, R. M. & Serra, F. & Reniero, F. & Heberger, K." pageId="3" pageNumber="36" pagination="4224 - 4235" refId="ref5617" refString="Alonso-Salces, R. M., Serra, F., Reniero, F., Heberger, K., 2009. Botanical and geographical characterization of green coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora): chemometric evaluation of phenolic and methylxanthine contents. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 4224 - 4235." type="journal article" year="2009">Alonso-Salces et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The plot of caffeine against total chlorogenic acids shows a clear distinction between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE2892169FFE9DF93CB8EFA8F83E9" box="[1232,1359,1987,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92945182169FFE9DF93CB8EFA8F83E9" box="[1232,1359,1987,2007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="36">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A216EFFEEDBE9CAD4FF368292" box="[170,246,1689,1708]" name="Uganda" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A216EFFEEDA6FCAD4FE418292" box="[300,385,1689,1708]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
|
and all the other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE289216EFFEED97DCAD5FD5E8292" box="[574,670,1688,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9294518216EFFEED97DCAD5FD5E8292" box="[574,670,1688,1708]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1366858F216EFFEEDB39CAF9FF7182F6" box="[122,177,1716,1736]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,1675,1689]" captionTargetBox="[360,1191,1039,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-213@3.[359,1192,1038,1640]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scatter plot of total chlorogenic acids against caffeine content. A clear distinction is evident between C.canephora (R-Uganda and R-Vietnam) and C. arabica accessions. The C. arabica accessions from Kenya shows the highest content of chlorogenic acid and the lowest amount of caffeine. Metric bars indicate standard error; see Table 2 for code names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485269/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
). In particular,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE289216EFFEEDA11CAFEFE1082F9" box="[338,464,1715,1735]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canephora">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9294518216EFFEEDA11CAFEFE1082F9" box="[338,464,1715,1735]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. canephora</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(robusta) shows high levels of both caffeine and total chlorogenic acids, which agrees with the highest total content of extracted compounds (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1366858F216EFFEED900CAA1FDB882C1" box="[579,632,1772,1791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,906,920]" captionTargetBox="[360,1191,184,876]" captionTargetId="figure-160@3.[359,1192,181,877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Distribution of total chlorogenic acids and caffeine (expressed as g kg —1 of dry weight g/kg) from C. arabica and C. canephora of different geographical origin. C. canephora accessions show the highest content with respect to all other C. arabica accessions. See Table 2 for code names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
). With the sole exception for
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A216EFFEEDA41CB45FEA48325" box="[258,356,1800,1819]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
|
accessions, a clear separation was found among
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5DE289216EFFEEDBFFCB6EFEDB8309" box="[188,283,1827,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coffea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arabica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9294518216EFFEEDBFFCB6EFEDB8309" box="[188,283,1827,1847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">C. arabica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
accessions according to their geographical origin, with a narrow differentiation based on caffeine and a broad differentiation based on their content of total chlorogenic acids (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1366858F216EFFEED9F5CB11FD2A8351" box="[694,746,1884,1903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,1675,1689]" captionTargetBox="[360,1191,1039,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-213@3.[359,1192,1038,1640]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scatter plot of total chlorogenic acids against caffeine content. A clear distinction is evident between C.canephora (R-Uganda and R-Vietnam) and C. arabica accessions. The C. arabica accessions from Kenya shows the highest content of chlorogenic acid and the lowest amount of caffeine. Metric bars indicate standard error; see Table 2 for code names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485269/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
). In particular, the accessions from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A216EFFEEDAE9CB35FE3D83B5" box="[426,509,1912,1931]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
|
and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A216EFFEED96CCB35FDB883B5" box="[559,632,1912,1931]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
show the lowest content of both caffeine and chlorogenic acids, whereas the accessions from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34AD99A216EFFEEDA59CBFDFE9883FD" box="[282,344,1968,1987]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
|
have a relatively low caffeine content and the highest content of chlorogenic acids (
|
|
<figureCitation id="1366858F216EFFEED951CB86FD8983E1" box="[530,585,1995,2015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[87,113,1675,1689]" captionTargetBox="[360,1191,1039,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-213@3.[359,1192,1038,1640]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scatter plot of total chlorogenic acids against caffeine content. A clear distinction is evident between C.canephora (R-Uganda and R-Vietnam) and C. arabica accessions. The C. arabica accessions from Kenya shows the highest content of chlorogenic acid and the lowest amount of caffeine. Metric bars indicate standard error; see Table 2 for code names." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10485269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10485269/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="37">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |