255 lines
30 KiB
XML
255 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="999F867EB49F287198441215FE767C0E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4750.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff300143-3581-4909-ae95-8dec768fe27a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3702847" ID-ZooBank="CF37CEA8-E156-48A6-8A28-C94A294A75DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583849226697" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. & Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2020" docId="03DC87ABFFDC022117E81FDBFBCB96D8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4750.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4750 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Lophaster Verrill 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFE5FFD3FFDF0225177F1F41FFA29777" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1698726646140" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="85AE65E260E7EC117733B89D4B43F850">New species and occurrence records of Japanese Solasteridae and Ganeriidae including a new species of Paralophaster from the North Pacific with an overview of Hyalinothrix</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A727A69FF04FD650B6887ABBA8F9BED6">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FABF7CD8B22CC611EC1CEB122D6760B3">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B7EE6B21587FB1209924B734358A872B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F0A245850B7592A0605804047DA8C73C">
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<mods:date id="81A490495F7E959B6BCB37858ACA6309">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EC2E3DC50C41806F23F526CFAE5BC713">2020-03-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A387250A6D9256FD84C5B8EA440A88FF">4750</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DC87ABFFDC022117E81FDBFBCB96D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3706301" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162481333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3706301" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC87ABFFDC022117E81FDBFBCB96D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC87ABFFDC022117E81FDBFBCB96D8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFDC022617E81FDBFE1697C3" box="[151,436,154,181]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDC022617E81FDBFE1697C3" blockId="3.[151,436,154,181]" box="[151,436,154,181]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<heading id="D08281D1FFDC022617E81FDBFE1697C3" bold="true" box="[151,436,154,181]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022617E81FDBFE1697C3" ID-CoL="7PCBR" authority="Verrill, 1878" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,436,154,181]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022617E81FDBFE1697C3" bold="true" box="[151,436,154,181]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022617E81FDBFEB397C2" bold="true" box="[151,273,154,181]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022616661FDBFE1697C3" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[281,436,154,180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref26136" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1878). Art. XX. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. No. 1. American Journal of Science and Arts. 3 (16), 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1878">Verrill, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFDC022617E81F9FFE659643" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDC022617E81F9FFB3A9662" blockId="3.[151,1436,221,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB651193FFDC022617E81F9FFB3A9662" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022617E81F9FFE199781" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[151,443,221,246]" page="214" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1878">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022617E81F9FFE199781" ID-CoL="7PCBR" authority="Verrill, 1878: 214" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,443,221,246]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022617E81F9FFF5C9781" box="[151,254,222,246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC0226167B1F9CFE199781" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[260,443,221,246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref26136" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1878). Art. XX. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. No. 1. American Journal of Science and Arts. 3 (16), 207 - 215." type="journal article" year="1878">Verrill, 1878: 214</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022616BA1F9CFDD89781" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[453,634,221,246]" page="458" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1889">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022616BA1F9CFDD89781" author="Sladen, W. P." box="[453,634,221,246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" refId="ref25964" refString="Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 30 (51), xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates." type="book" year="1889">Sladen 1889: 458</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022615FB1F9CFCE19781" author="Ludwig, H." box="[644,835,221,246]" page="467" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022615FB1F9CFCE19781" author="Ludwig, H." box="[644,835,221,246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="447 - 502" refId="ref25073" refString="Ludwig, H. (1900). Arktische Seesterne. Fauna Arctica. 1 (3), 447 - 502." type="journal article" year="1900">Ludwig 1900: 467</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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; Fisher 1911: 334;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022613791F9CFB659781" author="Koehler, R." box="[1030,1223,221,246]" page="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022613791F9CFB659781" author="Koehler, R." box="[1030,1223,221,246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 308" refId="ref24710" refString="Koehler, R. (1920). Echinodermata: Asteroidea. Scientific Reports of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition C 8, 1 - 308." type="journal article" year="1920">Koehler 1920: 143</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022613AE1F9CFA3A9781" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[1233,1432,221,246]" page="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1950">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022613AE1F9CFA3A9781" author="Djakonov, A. M." box="[1233,1432,221,246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 203" refId="ref23407" refString="Djakonov, A. M. [1950 (1968)] Morskie Zvezdy Morei SSSR T U 34, 1 - 203. [Translated as Dyakonov. A. M. 1968. Sea stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR 34. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, ed. By Strelkov, A. A., Israel Program for scientific translations Ltd. Jerusalem, 183 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1950">Djakonov 1950: 63</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
; H. E. S. Clark 1963: 61;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022616BD1FBDFD069662" author="Bernasconi I." box="[450,676,252,277]" page="258" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1964">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022616BD1FBDFD069662" author="Bernasconi I." box="[450,676,252,277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="241 - 277" refId="ref22834" refString="Bernasconi I. (1964) Asteroideos argentinos. Claves para los ordenes, familias, subfamilies y generos. Physis, 24, 241 - 277." type="journal article" year="1964">Bernasconi 1964: 258</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
; Clark & Downey 1992: 299;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022614A91FBDFB369662" author="McKnight, D. G." box="[982,1172,252,277]" page="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022614A91FBDFB369662" author="McKnight, D. G." box="[982,1172,252,277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref25492" refString="McKnight, D. G. (2006) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea- stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 120, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2006">McKnight 2006: 9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDC022617E81E5AFE659643" blockId="3.[151,1436,221,308]" box="[151,455,283,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB651193FFDC022617E81E5AFE659643" box="[151,455,283,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD410ACFFDC022617E81E5AFE619643" author="Ludwig, H." box="[151,451,283,308]" page="185" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" year="1905">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022617E81E5AFE619643" ID-CoL="834d1f8f-7616-45f1-aa05-4da021d91d4f" authority="Ludwig, 1905: 185" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="185" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,451,283,308]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Sarkaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022617E81E5AFF5A9644" box="[151,248,283,307]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Sarkaster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022617801E5AFE619643" author="Ludwig, H." box="[255,451,283,308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 292" refId="ref25096" refString="Ludwig, H. (1905) Asteroidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard, 32, 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="1905">Ludwig, 1905: 185</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F6536FFDC022117E81E20FBCB96D8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDC022617E81E20FAD1957B" blockId="3.[151,1437,353,704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022617E81E20FEBD960B" bold="true" box="[151,287,353,380]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Comments.</emphasis>
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With the description herein,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022615101E23FD43960B" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[623,737,354,380]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022615101E23FD43960B" box="[623,737,354,380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes eleven species occurring worldwide in cold to temperate settings. The description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022615631EC7FD5D96D7" authority="Mah & Fujita, 2020" authorityName="Mah & Fujita" authorityYear="2020" box="[540,767,390,416]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cactorum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022615631EC7FD5D96D7" box="[540,767,390,416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster cactorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022614791EC7FCE496D7" bold="true" box="[774,838,390,416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23257D4FFDC022614791EC7FCE496D7" box="[774,838,390,416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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brings the total number of Pacific species up to four, including
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022616761EEAFE2996B3" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1973" box="[265,395,427,452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022616761EEAFE2996B3" box="[265,395,427,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. asiaticus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022616E61EEAFD8A96B3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1905" box="[409,552,426,452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcilliger">
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022616E61EEAFD8A96B3" box="[409,552,426,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. furcilliger</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022615181EEAFD5196B3" box="[615,755,426,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022615181EEAFD4D96B3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1913" box="[615,751,426,452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="suluensis">L. suluensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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||
Another four species,
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<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC0226148C1EEAFAE596B3" box="[1011,1351,426,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC0226148C1EEAFBC396B3" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1940" box="[1011,1121,426,452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="densus">L. densus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022613121EEAFB6596B3" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1912" box="[1133,1223,427,452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gaini">L. gaini</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022613AC1EEAFAE596B3" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" box="[1235,1351,426,452]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="stellans">L. stellans</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, and
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022612F91EEAFF78969F" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tennis">
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022612F91EEAFF78969F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. tennis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, are recorded from Antarctic and high-latitude waters.
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<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022614261E8FFB85969F" baseAuthorityName="Düben & Koren" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[857,1063,462,488]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcifer">
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||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022614261E8FFB85969F" box="[857,1063,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster furcifer</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is recorded from the Arctic and North Atlantic,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022616391EB3FDAF957B" authorityName="A. H. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[326,525,498,524]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verrilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022616391EB3FDAF957B" box="[326,525,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster verrilli</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFDC0226152E1EB3FD74957B" box="[593,726,498,524]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022614731EB3FBB5957B" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1923" box="[780,1047,498,524]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="quadrispinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022614731EB3FBB5957B" box="[780,1047,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster quadrispinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFDC022613A11EB3FACD957B" box="[1246,1391,498,524]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDC022617B81D57FE9A95B7" blockId="3.[151,1437,353,704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Japanese solasterids were reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022615021D57FC889547" author="Hayashi, R." box="[637,810,534,560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="297 - 311" refId="ref24142" refString="Hayashi, R. (1939) Solasterids in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (3), 297 - 311." type="journal article" year="1939">Hayashi (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with the first
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022614B81D57FB9B9547" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[967,1081,534,560]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022614B81D57FB9B9547" box="[967,1081,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Lophaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
record documented by Hayashi (1973) who reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022616F81D7AFDAB9523" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1973" box="[391,521,571,596]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022616F81D7AFDAB9523" box="[391,521,571,596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. asiaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sagami Bay with subsequent records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022613681D7AFB059523" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1905" box="[1047,1191,570,596]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcilliger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022613681D7AFB059523" box="[1047,1191,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. furcilliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFDC022613B31D7BFAAE9523" box="[1228,1292,570,596]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Oguro in Imaoka
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC0226178D1D1EFE81950F" box="[242,291,606,632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1990) and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362762DFFDC022616B11D1FFDB0950F" box="[462,530,606,632]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022615431D1FFCB3950F" author="Lee, T-J. & Shin, S." box="[572,785,606,632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="331 - 333" refId="ref24882" refString="Lee, T-J. & Shin, S. (2009) A Newly Recorded Sea Star of the Genus Lophaster (Asteroidea: Velatida) from Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity, 25 (3), 331 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.5635 / KJSZ. 2009.25.3.331" type="journal article" year="2009">Lee & Shin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although they have yet to be documented, it seems likely that the other two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC022616C11DC2FD9D95EB" authorityName="Hayashi" authorityYear="1973" box="[446,575,643,668]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="asiaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022616C11DC2FD9D95EB" box="[446,575,643,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. asiaticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC0226150C1DC2FCA395EB" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1905" box="[627,769,642,668]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcilliger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC0226150C1DC2FCA395EB" box="[627,769,642,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">L. furcilliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will be reported from nearby localities as further areas have been sampled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A6635FFDC022617E8189EFA229080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3707920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3707920" box="[151,1408,2015,2040]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3707920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[325,1287,900,1822]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDC022617E8189EFA229080" blockId="3.[151,1408,2015,2040]" box="[151,1408,2015,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDC022617E8189EFEB1908F" bold="true" box="[151,275,2015,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Simplified tree showing relationships between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC02261584189EFCD3908F" authorityName="Viguier" authorityYear="1878" box="[763,881,2015,2040]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Solasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC02261405189EFC4A908F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[890,1000,2015,2040]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDC02261369189EFBDD908F" authorityName="sensu Spencer and Wright" authorityYear="1966" box="[1046,1151,2015,2040]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ganeriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ganeriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDC022613C7189EFADE9080" author="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W." box="[1208,1404,2015,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="70" pagination="769 - 788" refId="ref25250" refString="Mah, C. L. & Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00659. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Mah & Foltz (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDB022117B81FFCFDB89634" blockId="4.[151,1437,189,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDB022117B81FFCFE9B97A0" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[199,313,189,215]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDB022117B81FFCFE9B97A0" box="[199,313,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Lophaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. generally show diagnostic features largely tied to specific numbers of abactinal spinelets, furrow spines and other variable characters. Several species within
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDB0221143C1FA0FC1A978C" box="[835,952,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDB0221143C1FA0FC16978C" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1878" box="[835,948,225,251]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Lophaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDB022113621FA3FB0F978C" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1905" box="[1053,1197,225,251]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcilliger">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDB022113621FA3FB0F978C" box="[1053,1197,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">L. furcilliger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDB022113991FA3FAFB978C" baseAuthorityName="Düben & Koren" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1254,1369,225,251]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Lophaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="furcifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDB022113991FA3FAFB978C" box="[1254,1369,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">L. furcifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show relatively few morphological differences suggesting to some (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDB022114021E44FC5C9668" author="Grieg, J. A." box="[893,1022,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref24066" refString="Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report on the Scientific Results of the " Michael Sars " North Atlantic Deep-sea Expedition 1910. 3 (2): 1 - 47, 5 pls. 10 figs." type="book chapter" year="1932">Grieg 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDB022113761E44FB629668" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1033,1216,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref25623" refString="Mortensen, T. (1932). The Godthaab Expedition 1928 Echinoderms. Meddelelser om Gronland. 79 (2), 1 - 62, 1 plate." type="book chapter" year="1932">Mortensen 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that they represent a single, widely occurring species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA36BDFFDB022117B81E0CFBCB96D8" blockId="4.[151,1437,189,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Molecular data has shown both extremes, including multiple forms as part of a widely occurring species, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDB022117CA1E33FD2F96FC" authority="(Foltz et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Foltz" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[181,653,369,395]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDB022117CA1E33FE1796FC" box="[181,437,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">Hippasteria phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDB022116BB1E30FD2496FC" author="Foltz, D. & Fatland, S. & Eleaume, M. & Markello, K. & Howell, K. & Neil, K. & Mah C." box="[452,646,369,395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1285 - 1296" refId="ref23893" refString="Foltz, D., Fatland, S., Eleaume, M., Markello, K., Howell, K., Neil, K. & Mah C. (2013) Global population divergence of the sea star Hippasteria phrygiana corresponds to onset of the last glacial period of the Pleistocene. Marine Biology, 160 (5), 1285 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 0.1007 / s 00227 - 013 - 2180 - 1" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Foltz
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EAAFFFDB022115791E33FD9596FC" box="[518,567,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and cryptic species, showing similarity but differentiated by very few morphological characters, as seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754D3EFFDB022115231ED4FD7F96D8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[604,733,405,431]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asterinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44B4CFFDB0221145B1ED4FBFF96D8" author="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters J. W." box="[804,1117,405,431]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 40" refId="ref25784" refString="O'Loughlin, P. M. & Waters J. W. (2004) A molecular and morphological revision of genera of Asterinidae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 61 (1), 1 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2004.61.1" type="journal article" year="2004">O’Loughlin & Waters 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |