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<document id="E620E7B40E8A9DB0F292085E9595839A" ID-DOI="10.1643/i2023019" ID-ISSN="2766-1520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13744838" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1722897715120" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tea, Yi-Kai &amp; Walsh, Fenton" docDate="2023" docId="03D75A0EA77AFF87FCDDE9E9FD7441D6" docLanguage="en" docName="IchthyolHerpetol.111.3.397-415.pdf" docOrigin="Ichthyology &amp; Herpetology 111 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/i2023019" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752.2:IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleId="25DEBD253B07840CEE0E8BE8BE2C6752" docStyleName="IchthyolHerpetol.2021-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Paracheilinus filamentosus Allen 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="411" masterDocId="FFEE2276A777FF88FF86EB32FFFE4728" masterDocTitle="Review of Australian Species of Paracheilinus Fourmanoir (Teleostei: Labridae), with Description of a New Species from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea" masterLastPageNumber="415" masterPageNumber="397" pageNumber="409" updateTime="1726046186109" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BBE54AF8CDA111A3C3720688FE4072D7">Review of Australian Species of Paracheilinus Fourmanoir (Teleostei: Labridae), with Description of a New Species from the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D57DCF8D36A2CA193C68F78F6F21B6AE">2023</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A77AFF85FCDDE9E9FAED45D9" blockId="13.[859,1299,731,754]" box="[859,1299,731,754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<heading id="D0895C74A77AFF85FCDDE9E9FAED45D9" bold="true" box="[859,1299,731,754]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA77AFF85FCDDE9E9FAED45D9" ID-CoL="4CPD8" authority="Allen, 1974" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[859,1299,731,754]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDE9E9FAED45D9" bold="true" box="[859,1299,731,754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDE9E9FB7845DA" bold="true" box="[859,1158,731,754]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Paracheilinus filamentosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FB0DE9ECFAED45D9" author="Allen, G. R." box="[1163,1299,733,754]" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" pagination="449 - 455" part="28" refId="ref15556" refString="Allen, G. R. 1974. A review of the labrid genus Paracheilinus, with the description of a new species from Melanesia. Pacific Science 28: 449 - 455." title="A review of the labrid genus Paracheilinus, with the description of a new species from Melanesia" type="journal article" year="1974">Allen, 1974</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A77AFF85FCDDE9CBFB864438" blockId="13.[859,1144,761,814]" box="[859,1144,761,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Filamentous Flasher Wrasse</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364B893A77AFF85FCDDE825FBE84406" box="[859,1046,791,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A77AFF85FCDDE825FBE84406" blockId="13.[859,1144,761,814]" box="[859,1046,791,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<figureCitation id="1345F79DA77AFF85FCDDE825FC394406" box="[859,967,791,814]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[859,887,617,636]" captionTargetBox="[860,1529,178,586]" captionTargetId="figure-923@13.[860,1529,178,586]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. Paracheilinus filamentosus, AMS I.40666-002, 46.6 mm SL, freshly euthanized male, Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Photograph by J. Leis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13744858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13744858/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Figures 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1345F79DA77AFF85FC52E825FBE84406" box="[980,1046,791,814]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[103,131,1719,1738]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,178,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-70@14.[156,1437,178,1688]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. Paracheilinus filamentosus, images of live and preserved specimens. (A) Male in resting colors, underwater photograph from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; (B) flashing male in nuptial colors, underwater photograph from Nggatokae, western Solomon Islands; (C) flashing male in nuptial colors, underwater photograph from the Solomon Islands; (D) AMS I.17479-001, 51.7 mm SL, male paratype, Tassafaronga Point, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Note purple spines and rays in preservation; (E) harem comprising one TP male (middle) and several females and immature males, underwater photograph from Lovukol, central Solomon Islands. Photographs by M. Rosenstein (AC, E) and Y. K. Tea (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13744860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13744860/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">11AE</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADFCD09A77AFF85FCDDE875FABD4475" author="Allen, G. R." box="[859,1347,839,861]" page="452" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" year="1974">
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA77AFF85FCDDE875FABD4475" ID-CoL="4CPD8" authority="Allen, 1974: 452" authorityName="Allen" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="1974" box="[859,1347,839,861]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDE875FB854474" box="[859,1147,839,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Paracheilinus filamentosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FB02E875FABD4475" author="Allen, G. R." box="[1156,1347,839,861]" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" pagination="449 - 455" part="28" refId="ref15556" refString="Allen, G. R. 1974. A review of the labrid genus Paracheilinus, with the description of a new species from Melanesia. Pacific Science 28: 449 - 455." title="A review of the labrid genus Paracheilinus, with the description of a new species from Melanesia" type="journal article" year="1974">Allen, 1974: 452</bibRefCitation>
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(
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AMS I.16994-001, Kranket Island,
<collectingRegion id="49BA25FAA77AFF85FB71E856FAA84452" box="[1271,1366,868,890]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Madang" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Madang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FAE8E856FC2344BF" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFCD09A77AFF85FC77E8B3FAAD44BF" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; R. Lubbock" box="[1009,1363,897,919]" page="26" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FC77E8B3FAAD44BF" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; R. Lubbock" box="[1009,1363,897,919]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref16977" refString="Randall, J. E., and R. Lubbock. 1981. Labrid fishes of the genus Paracheilinus, with descriptions of three new species from the Philippines. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 28: 19 - 30." type="journal article" year="1981">Randall and Lubbock, 1981: 26</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2C (generic revision, specimens from
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and the
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[BPBM 16007], but not those from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FC01E8E4FC0944C4" box="[903,1015,982,1004]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FBE3E8E4FB1744C4" box="[1125,1257,982,1004]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Philippines</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFCD09A77AFF85FB79E8E4FC004320" author="Kuiter, R. H. &amp; T. Tonozuka" page="494" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FB79E8E4FC004320" author="Kuiter, R. H. &amp; T. Tonozuka" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" refId="ref16699" refString="Kuiter, R. H., and T. Tonozuka. 2004. Pictorial Guide to Indonesian Reef Fishes. PT Dive &amp; Dive's, Bali, Indonesia." type="book" year="2004">Kuiter and Tonozuka, 2004: 494</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(field guide,
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and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FC01EF22FBB2430E" box="[903,1100,1040,1062]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, but not those from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FAD7EF22FA3F430E" box="[1361,1473,1040,1062]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FC01EF1EFC37436A" box="[903,969,1068,1090]" name="Palau" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Palau</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFCD09A77AFF85FC65EF1EFB354369" author="Michael, S. M." box="[995,1227,1068,1090]" page="284" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FC65EF1EFB354369" author="Michael, S. M." box="[995,1227,1068,1090]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" refId="ref16763" refString="Michael, S. M. 2009. Wrasses and Parrotfishes: The Complete Illustrated Guide to Their Identification, Behaviors, and Captive Care. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey." type="book" year="2009">Michael, 2009: 284</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(field guide, underwater photograph from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FBD8EF7BFABD4377" box="[1118,1347,1097,1119]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, but not those from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FC4FEF57FBC24353" box="[969,1084,1125,1147]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FBCDEF57FB724353" box="[1099,1164,1125,1147]" name="Palau" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Palau</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FB4FEF57FAB34353" box="[1225,1357,1125,1147]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Philippines</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFCD09A77AFF85FAE2EF57FC4D43B0" author="Kuiter, R. H." page="106" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FAE2EF57FC4D43B0" author="Kuiter, R. H." pageId="13" pageNumber="409" refId="ref16594" refString="Kuiter, R. H. 2010. Labridae Fishes: Wrasses. Aquatic Photographics, Seaford, Australia." type="book" year="2010">Kuiter, 2010: 106</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. B, C (underwater photographs from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FA33EFB1FBE9439D" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FB01EFADFAB7439D" box="[1159,1353,1183,1205]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, but not those from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FC4EEF89FBC243F9" box="[968,1084,1211,1233]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
);
<treatmentCitation id="0ADFCD09A77AFF85FBD7EF89FA4B43F9" author="Allen, G. R. &amp; M. V. Erdmann" box="[1105,1461,1211,1233]" page="706" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A77AFF85FBD7EF89FA4B43F9" author="Allen, G. R. &amp; M. V. Erdmann" box="[1105,1461,1211,1233]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" refId="ref15709" refString="Allen, G. R., and M. V. Erdmann. 2012. Reef fishes of the East Indies. Volume II, p. 425 - 856. Tropical Reef Research, Perth, Australia." type="book" year="2012">Allen and Erdmann, 2012: 706</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(field guide,
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and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FAB6EFEAFA0A43C6" box="[1328,1524,1240,1262]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, but not those from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FB16EFC6FB204222" box="[1168,1246,1268,1290]" name="Brunei" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Brunei</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FB73EFC6FA964222" box="[1269,1384,1268,1290]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FAFBEFC6FA404222" box="[1405,1470,1268,1290]" name="Palau" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Palau</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FC01EE23FBF5420F" box="[903,1035,1297,1319]" name="Philippines" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, and West Papua).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364B893A77AFF85FCDDEE77FB2C4071" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A77AFF85FCDDEE77FB2C4071" blockId="13.[859,1529,1349,1881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDEE77FC1F4273" bold="true" box="[859,993,1349,1372]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDEE77FC3F4274" bold="true" box="[859,961,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—
</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin rays IX,11 (
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VIII,11); anal-fin rays III,9; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays I,5; pored lateral-line scales
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1417
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510
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1927; gill rakers
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56
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710
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1216; body depth 3.0
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SL; head length
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SL; snout length
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HL; orbit diameter
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HL; interorbital width
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HL; least depth of caudal peduncle
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HL; caudal peduncle length
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HL; TP males with 47 elongate filamentous dorsal-fin rays, longest dorsal-fin soft ray 1.72.0 in SL; pelvic fin length
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HL; caudal fin of TP males with pronounced filamentous lobes; caudal-fin length 3.75.0 in SL; caudal concavity
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SL; body with stripe pattern A; dorsal fin reddish orange at rest, richly yellow when in display; ground color of body red to maroon in life; central portion of caudal fin with triangular hyaline region, upper and lower lobes red with metallic blue margins dorsally and ventrally (in life); spines and rays of median fins purple in preservation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364B893A77AFF87FCDDEC45FD904178" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A77AFF87FCDDEC45FE7B46FF" blockId="13.[859,1529,1911,2024]" lastBlockId="15.[142,813,178,1616]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="411" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDEC45FC2D40A5" bold="true" box="[859,979,1911,1934]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FCDDEC45FC4D40A6" bold="true" box="[859,947,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Remarks</emphasis>
.—
</emphasis>
Allen (1979) described
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA77AFF85FB54EC4AFA9040A5" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[1234,1390,1912,1933]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA77AFF85FB54EC4AFA9040A5" box="[1234,1390,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of
<specimenCount id="9D782091A77AFF85FCFCECA4FBEF4084" box="[890,1041,1942,1964]" count="23" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
collected from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FB45ECA4FA644084" box="[1219,1434,1942,1964]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A77AFF85FCDDEC86FBE540E2" box="[859,1051,1972,1994]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="13" pageNumber="409">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
. He noted the
<typeStatus id="54C555BAA77AFF85FB4EEC86FAD240E2" box="[1224,1324,1972,1994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="409" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as having VIII,11 dorsal-fin rays (versus the usual IX,11) for the genus. An additional
<specimenCount id="9D782091A779FF86FF65EC45FE6140A5" box="[227,415,1911,1933]" count="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
from Saparua,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FDC9EC45FD4540A5" box="[591,699,1911,1933]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FD41EC45FF5D4083" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, were designated as
<typeStatus id="54C555BAA779FF86FE14ECA7FE034082" box="[402,509,1941,1962]" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(USNM 209923) in an addendum published at the end of the original description. Subsequent work published by other authors expanded the known distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA779FF86FBC1EC45FB1340A4" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[1095,1261,1911,1932]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA779FF86FBC1EC45FB1340A4" box="[1095,1261,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FA06EC45FA3040A5" box="[1408,1486,1911,1933]" name="Brunei" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Brunei</collectingCountry>
, various localities across
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FBD6ECA7FB3D4083" box="[1104,1219,1941,1963]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FB57ECA7FAEC4083" box="[1233,1298,1941,1963]" name="Palau" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Palau</collectingCountry>
, and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FA00ECA7FC8A40E1" name="Philippines" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Philippines</collectingCountry>
. In the most recent revision of the genus,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A779FF86FAD1EC81FC8040C0" author="Allen, G. R. &amp; M. V. Erdmann &amp; N. L. A. Yusmalinda" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" pagination="18 - 90" refId="ref15749" refString="Allen, G. R., M. V. Erdmann, and N. L. A. Yusmalinda. 2016. Review of the Indo-Pacific Flasherwrasses of the genus Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 19: 18 - 90." type="journal article" year="2016">Allen et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
restricted
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA779FF86FC7FECE0FB6540CF" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[1017,1179,2002,2023]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA779FF86FC7FECE0FB6540CF" box="[1017,1179,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A779FF86FB42ECE0FA6040C0" box="[1220,1438,2002,2024]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FF46EB80FE7C47E0" box="[192,386,178,200]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
and recognized those from central
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FF08EBE2FF0047CE" box="[142,254,208,230]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(from
<collectingRegion id="49BA25FAA778FF87FED5EBE2FE7C47CD" box="[339,386,208,229]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Java</collectingRegion>
east to Komodo and
<collectingRegion id="49BA25FAA778FF87FD03EBE2FD1947CE" box="[645,743,208,230]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
) as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FC9CEBE3FF01462C" authorityName="Allen, Erdmann &amp; Yusmalinda" authorityYear="2016" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paineorum">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FC9CEBE3FF01462C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. paineorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and those from southeastern South
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FD31EBDCFD03462C" box="[695,765,238,260]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">China</collectingCountry>
Sea (the Anambas Islands and
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FE32EA3EFE03460A" box="[436,509,268,290]" name="Brunei" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Brunei</collectingCountry>
) as
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FDA0EA3FFD364609" authorityName="Allen, Erdmann &amp; Yusmalinda" authorityYear="2016" box="[550,712,268,290]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthocirritus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FDA0EA3FFD364609" box="[550,712,268,290]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. xanthocirritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The distinction of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FE8FEA19FE5F4617" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[265,417,298,320]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FE8FEA19FE5F4617" box="[265,417,298,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FE62EA19FD994668" authorityName="Allen, Erdmann &amp; Yusmalinda" authorityYear="2016" box="[484,615,299,320]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paineorum">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FE62EA19FD994668" box="[484,615,299,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. paineorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD18EA19FF524676" authorityName="Allen, Erdmann &amp; Yusmalinda" authorityYear="2016" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthocirritus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD18EA19FF524676" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. xanthocirritus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported by differences in TP male coloration pattern and mitochondrial
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FEEAEA55FE684654" box="[364,406,359,380]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">COI</emphasis>
sequence data (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A778FF87FDD2EA55FCE24655" author="Allen, G. R. &amp; M. V. Erdmann &amp; N. L. A. Yusmalinda" box="[596,796,359,381]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" pagination="18 - 90" refId="ref15749" refString="Allen, G. R., M. V. Erdmann, and N. L. A. Yusmalinda. 2016. Review of the Indo-Pacific Flasherwrasses of the genus Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 19: 18 - 90." type="journal article" year="2016">Allen et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the collection locality of the USNM 209923
<typeStatus id="54C555BAA778FF87FD73EAB7FF374691" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, the identity of the specimens should be
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD19EA96FCDA4691" authorityName="Allen, Erdmann &amp; Yusmalinda" authorityYear="2016" box="[671,804,420,441]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paineorum">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD19EA96FCDA4691" box="[671,804,420,441]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. paineorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and not
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FF6FEAF0FE8346FE" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[233,381,449,471]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FF6FEAF0FE8346FE" box="[233,381,449,471]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF01BB90A779FF86FFE1ED85FA7A401D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13744860" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13744860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13744860/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" startId="14.[103,131,1719,1738]" targetBox="[156,1437,178,1688]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A779FF86FFE1ED85FA7A401D" blockId="14.[103,1491,1718,1845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">
FIG. 11.
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA779FF86FF45ED84FE3441E2" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[195,458,1718,1738]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="410" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA779FF86FF45ED84FE3441E2" bold="true" box="[195,458,1718,1738]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="410">Paracheilinus filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, images of live and preserved specimens. (A) Male in resting colors, underwater photograph from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; (B) flashing male in nuptial colors, underwater photograph from Nggatokae, western Solomon Islands; (C) flashing male in nuptial colors, underwater photograph from the Solomon Islands; (D) AMS I.17479-001, 51.7 mm SL, male paratype, Tassafaronga Point, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Note purple spines and rays in preservation; (E) harem comprising one TP male (middle) and several females and immature males, underwater photograph from Lovukol, central Solomon Islands. Photographs by M. Rosenstein (AC, E) and Y. K. Tea (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A778FF87FF20EAEDFEED4346" blockId="15.[142,813,178,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">
In addition to
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FEC2EAEDFDEC46DC" box="[324,530,478,500]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FDF4EAECFCD646DC" box="[626,808,478,500]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A778FF87FF08EACFFEB2453B" author="Allen, G. R. &amp; M. V. Erdmann &amp; N. L. A. Yusmalinda" box="[142,332,509,531]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" pagination="18 - 90" refId="ref15749" refString="Allen, G. R., M. V. Erdmann, and N. L. A. Yusmalinda. 2016. Review of the Indo-Pacific Flasherwrasses of the genus Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 19: 18 - 90." type="journal article" year="2016">Allen et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
reported on the occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD10EACFFCD2453A" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[662,812,509,530]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD10EACFFCD2453A" box="[662,812,509,530]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the far northern Great Barrier Reef of
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FDCFE929FD554519" box="[585,683,539,561]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The record appears to be spurious, as no photographs or examined material from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FF74E965FEAF4545" box="[242,337,599,621]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Australia</collectingCountry>
were included in their study. The Australian distribution record was also omitted from the distribution map (fig.
<quantity id="4C8646FDA778FF87FF70E9A6FED04582" box="[246,302,660,682]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF96E9A778FF87FEB2E9A6FE124582" author="Allen, G. R. &amp; M. V. Erdmann &amp; N. L. A. Yusmalinda" box="[308,492,660,682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" pagination="18 - 90" refId="ref15749" refString="Allen, G. R., M. V. Erdmann, and N. L. A. Yusmalinda. 2016. Review of the Indo-Pacific Flasherwrasses of the genus Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae), with descriptions of three new species. Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation 19: 18 - 90." type="journal article" year="2016">Allen et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
). An extensive search of Australian museum fish collections conducted by the first author of the present study yielded only a single, previously unexamined specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FEF5E9DDFDF2442B" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[371,524,750,772]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FEF5E9DDFDF2442B" box="[371,524,750,772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FDC9E9DCFD4A442C" box="[591,692,750,772]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Australia</collectingCountry>
. The specimen was collected from Lizard Island, in the northern Great Barrier Reef. The Lizard Island specimen (
<figureCitation id="1345F79DA778FF87FD09E818FD1F4468" box="[655,737,810,832]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[859,887,617,636]" captionTargetBox="[860,1529,178,586]" captionTargetId="figure-923@13.[860,1529,178,586]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 10. Paracheilinus filamentosus, AMS I.40666-002, 46.6 mm SL, freshly euthanized male, Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Photograph by J. Leis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13744858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13744858/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
; AMS I.40666-022) agrees well with
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FE5EE87BFD8C4475" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[472,626,840,862]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FE5EE87BFD8C4475" box="[472,626,840,862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in meristic data, morphometrics, dorsal- and caudal-fin morphology, and aspects of live and preserved coloration details (
<figureCitation id="1345F79DA778FF87FD1AE8B7FD1644B2" box="[668,744,901,923]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[103,131,1719,1738]" captionTargetBox="[156,1437,178,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-70@14.[156,1437,178,1688]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 11. Paracheilinus filamentosus, images of live and preserved specimens. (A) Male in resting colors, underwater photograph from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands; (B) flashing male in nuptial colors, underwater photograph from Nggatokae, western Solomon Islands; (C) flashing male in nuptial colors, underwater photograph from the Solomon Islands; (D) AMS I.17479-001, 51.7 mm SL, male paratype, Tassafaronga Point, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Note purple spines and rays in preservation; (E) harem comprising one TP male (middle) and several females and immature males, underwater photograph from Lovukol, central Solomon Islands. Photographs by M. Rosenstein (AC, E) and Y. K. Tea (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13744860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13744860/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The Lizard Island specimen was compared with
<specimenCount id="9D782091A778FF87FDE9E891FD054491" box="[623,763,931,953]" count="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">12 paratypes</specimenCount>
and four non-type specimens housed at the Australian Museum (see list of examined material below). Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus id="54C555BAA778FF87FC80E8EDFF2A433C" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(AMS I.16994-001) and
<specimenCount id="9D782091A778FF87FE60E8CCFD7B433B" box="[486,645,1022,1044]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">four paratypes</specimenCount>
(AMS I.16995- 001) of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FF66EF2EFE874319" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[224,377,1052,1073]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FF66EF2EFE874319" box="[224,377,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be located. An ongoing effort to locate the missing types is currently being conducted by the authors.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A778FF87FF20EF44FD904178" blockId="15.[142,813,178,1616]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">
One record of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FEC1EF44FE1D43A2" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" box="[327,483,1141,1163]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FEC1EF44FE1D43A2" box="[327,483,1141,1163]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Gulf of Carpentaria is listed on the Atlas of Living
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FE69EFA6FDAB4382" box="[495,597,1172,1194]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Australia</collectingCountry>
, based on observations taken on the 2005 FRV
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FE60EF80FD5C43EF" box="[486,674,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Southern Surveyor</emphasis>
expedition. The specimen that the observation was based off could not be located, and was likely unretained (J. Pogonoski, pers. comm.). Unpublished data indicated that the specimen weighed
<quantity id="4C8646FDA778FF87FF73EE18FEC24268" box="[245,316,1322,1344]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.95" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" unit="g" value="19.5">19.5 g</quantity>
, which appears unlikely for a
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD10EE18FCDB4217" authorityName="Fourmanoir" authorityYear="1955" box="[662,805,1322,1343]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD10EE18FCDB4217" box="[662,805,1322,1343]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Paracheilinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We do not consider this record as verifiable. At this time,
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FC9CEE7BFEEB4254" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1974" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filamentosus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FC9CEE7BFEEB4254" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. filamentosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="F369AB88A778FF87FE5EEE55FDC34255" box="[472,573,1383,1405]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Australia</collectingCountry>
based solely on the Lizard Island specimen. Given the specific habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD74EEB4FF124290" authorityName="Fourmanoir" authorityYear="1955" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD74EEB4FF124290" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Paracheilinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is likely that this species occurs more widely across the northern Great Barrier Reef and the Coral Sea but has evaded detection due to observation and sampling bias. Indeed, the Lizard Island specimen was collected in
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD41EECCFCD2413B" authorityName="J. V. F. Lamouroux" authorityYear="1812" box="[711,812,1534,1555]" class="Ulvophyceae" family="Halimedaceae" genus="Halimeda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD41EECCFCD2413B" box="[711,812,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Halimeda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fields growing in coral rubble on outer reef slopes, a habitat not frequented by divers and fish collectors.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C364B893A778FF87FF08ED5CFD7441D6" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC1EB18A778FF87FF08ED5CFD7441D6" blockId="15.[142,812,1646,1790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FF08ED5CFEE241AC" bold="true" box="[142,284,1646,1669]" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FF08ED5CFF0241AD" bold="true" box="[142,252,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Etymology</emphasis>
.—
</emphasis>
Named after the long filamentous segmented dorsal-fin rays. Although this character is not diagnostic of the species, it was at the time of its description. The only other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FEC2EDFBFE2E41F6" authorityName="Fourmanoir" authorityYear="1955" box="[324,464,1737,1758]" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FEC2EDFBFE2E41F6" box="[324,464,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">Paracheilinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known at the time was
<taxonomicName id="4C7E909BA778FF87FD66EDF8FF3141D5" authorityName="Fourmanoir" authorityYear="1955" family="Labridae" genus="Paracheilinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="411" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="octotaenia">
<emphasis id="B90A370AA778FF87FD66EDF8FF3141D5" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="411">P. octotaenia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species lacking filaments completely.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>