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<document id="0D8786901A9CC50F5F00BEE8C4A1C151" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4999.5.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5119529" ID-ZooBank="2DE47A31-9425-48EA-9B9D-90658F62DD72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626877287456" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Melika, George &amp; Nicholls, James A." docDate="2021" docId="03AED91B337A02094C86FC8893F1436B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4999.5.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4999 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="C5846E88-9A98-4027-A91D-09710919E90D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="462" masterDocId="FF97A163337C020F4C11FF969672451D" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Nearctic oak gall wasp, Grahamstoneia Melika &amp; Nicholls, gen nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="456" pageNumber="462" updateTime="1699012168312" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="99D31332B8A3EB9A5CB6FE6FA68FC7F6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="72CE9DC954EBAE45DE40F1CCCB423E30">
<mods:title id="BF78130AB54991651B2FA2EDA9FD0753">A new genus of Nearctic oak gall wasp, Grahamstoneia Melika &amp; Nicholls, gen nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="7EA08CECAD96E3700CF8270AF9B4056E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="216B34794FF7CBA0E47D26D2BBF5DC4F">
<mods:roleTerm id="7905E6E8641E1B40F0E6C0AE6264B175">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="31DFFBF72EF6869CB3A69027DE006190">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5878F9D6CED5A085143CE8CDC3F4E5C8">Plant Health Diagnostic National Reference Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budaörsi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1B048913199083D291C2FD47B0F2F737" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5A7B095F7AFF6E64634A5D5E79449B52">
<mods:roleTerm id="A4CCBE10CBE3B186B393F038811C281F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E157A7C97A2A43B687AF521ACDD27B87">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4FDEC6A2A508F02C6B8B4753FE109519">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 FL, Scotland, U. K. &amp; Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="798BAEAD006498B2B27EC83C5C247E04">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5AC60ED36C8D3E96F54F045DAAF46F32" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5BF10846303C8FD97A569D2D234A71B4">
<mods:title id="A64DFB0FAC4785DE5FA942FF547549F9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0193BA74319F3B2BB273D10B40775A79">
<mods:date id="AE0FF2495B6F7E1D19F1FFA519404ECD">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9E3DE451F07FCE935FACC61979A7CC5E" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="0A408B51D81F64E0E9E78FBBD21C1A2A">2021-07-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="96B69F7B205898A730687A15065EAD41" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2FA9EE466C187E604F01EC57E68DCBFC">4999</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="47BCF5F36187DAA21C8AFA6A437B0610" type="issue">
<mods:number id="62D0BB2ED9E29A859831303FDB1113FB">5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:end id="E4C96ABB2E68BB39D51581C3499DCE40">468</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="14C53DFA59FF150DEBC1256D17A7AA6F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2E79A920C8B81B1D73331474F89B26D4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4999.5.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="68E002BC3BF9E34A4B9F467AE3CED28A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7EDDCF44190D504BF7A49F844921E8C3" type="Zenodo-Dep">5119529</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9221505B3B9CC8381745223217B650EA" type="ZooBank">2DE47A31-9425-48EA-9B9D-90658F62DD72</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03AED91B337A02094C86FC8893F1436B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C5846E88-9A98-4027-A91D-09710919E90D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AED91B337A02094C86FC8893F1436B" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094C86FC88955C4624" box="[151,814,798,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094C86FC88955C4624" blockId="6.[151,952,798,897]" box="[151,814,798,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<heading id="D0F0DF61337A02094C86FC88955C4624" bold="true" box="[151,814,798,825]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094C86FC88955C4624" bold="true" box="[151,814,798,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094C86FC8894B14625" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,707,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094C86FC8897A44624" bold="true" box="[151,470,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Grahamstoneia humboldti</emphasis>
Melika &amp; Nicholls
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337A02094EC1FC89955C4624" box="[720,814,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094C86FCD595CA469C" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094C86FCD597744640" blockId="6.[151,952,798,897]" box="[151,262,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<figureCitation id="133C7488337A02094C86FCD597744640" box="[151,262,835,861]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1890,1914]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1414,368,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1415,606,1764]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1425,705,1392]" captionTargetId-0="figure-77@3.[152,1434,361,1865]" captionTargetId-1="figure-201@4.[156,1432,597,1780]" captionTargetId-2="figure-289@5.[163,1425,705,1392]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–6. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, female: 1–4, head: 1, frontal view, 2, posterior view, 3, dorsal view, 4, lateral view. 5, antenna. 6, forewing, part." captionText-1="FIGURES 7–11. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, female: 7, mesosoma, lateral view, 8–9, mesosoma, dorsal view, 10, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view, 11, metasoma, lateral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, galls." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119533" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119535" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119537" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5119533/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5119535/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5119537/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094C86FCF095CA469C" blockId="6.[151,952,798,897]" box="[151,952,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<uri id="FF96640F337A02094C86FCF095CA469C" box="[151,952,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFA152D8337A02094DB9FCF095CA469C" box="[424,952,870,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">C5846E88-9A98-4027-A91D-09710919E90D</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094C86FC3996A54144" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094C86FC3996A54144" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094C86FC39973B46D5" bold="true" box="[151,329,942,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B6F6250337A02094D40FC3996A54144" collectingDate="2007-11-01" collectingDateMax="2007-11-04" collectingDateMin="2007-11-01" collectionCode="USNM, PHD-, NRL" collectorName="J. Nicholls &amp; J. A. Nicholls" country="United States of America" county="Five" location="Oak Creek" municipality="Oak Creek Canyon" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" specimenCode="CA10" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="5" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337A02094D40FC39979746D4" box="[337,485,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
female „
<collectingCountry id="F310289D337A02094E5FFC3994FB46D4" box="[590,649,943,969]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C3A6EF337A02094E87FC39957846D4" box="[662,778,943,969]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">California</collectingRegion>
, Berry summit, Arcata, leg.
<collectorName id="26F20DDB337A0209485DFC3992BA46D4" box="[1100,1224,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">J. Nicholls</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFB94ECD337A020948C4FC39932446D4" box="[1237,1366,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" value="2007-11-04">
<collectingDate id="EFFDB725337A020948C4FC39932446D4" box="[1237,1366,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" value="2007-11-04">2007.11.04</collectingDate>
</date>
. Code
<specimenCode id="DBA1C076337A02094C86FC4596AE46F0" box="[151,220,979,1005]" collectionCode="CA" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="Museum">CA10</specimenCode>
, spCAb8; ex
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094D6BFC45941E46F0" box="[378,620,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vacciniifolia">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094D6BFC45941E46F0" box="[378,620,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Quercus vacciniifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”.
<collectingCounty id="62D91081337A02094E98FC4594C946F0" box="[649,699,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Five</collectingCounty>
female
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337A02094F09FC4595FA46F0" box="[792,904,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
: four with the same labels as the
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337A02094918FC45931946F0" box="[1289,1387,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="9D01A384337A02094C86FC619767410C" box="[151,277,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
„
<collectingCountry id="F310289D337A02094D3AFC619714410C" box="[299,358,1015,1041]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C3A6EF337A02094D63FC6197BD410C" box="[370,463,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Arizona</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCF277337A02094DCCFC6194CE410C" box="[477,700,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<location id="8ED83ED6337A02094DCCFC61942A410C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AED91B337A02094C86FC8893F1436B:8ED83ED6337A02094DCCFC61942A410C" box="[477,600,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" county="Five" municipality="Oak Creek Canyon" name="Oak Creek" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" stateProvince="California">Oak Creek</location>
Canyon
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A0A712F337A02094ED8FC61951B410C" box="[713,873,1015,1041]" location="Flagstaff" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">S of Flagstaff</locationDeviation>
, AZ800,
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094FC4FC6192CF410C" box="[981,1213,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094FC4FC6192CF410C" box="[981,1213,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26F20DDB337A02094911FC6193EA410C" box="[1280,1432,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">J.A. Nicholls</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFB94ECD337A02094C86FB8D97684128" box="[151,282,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" value="2007-11-01">
<collectingDate id="EFFDB725337A02094C86FB8D97684128" box="[151,282,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" value="2007-11-01">2007.11.01</collectingDate>
</date>
”.
<location id="8ED83ED6337A02094D3EFB8D97294128" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AED91B337A02094C86FC8893F1436B:8ED83ED6337A02094D3EFB8D97294128" box="[303,347,1051,1077]" country="United States of America" county="Five" municipality="Oak Creek Canyon" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" stateProvince="California">The</location>
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337A02094D73FB8D97B64128" box="[354,452,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="9D01A384337A02094DEDFB8D94084128" box="[508,634,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337A02094E93FB8D949F4128" box="[642,749,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are deposited at the
<collectionCode id="ED16F0C8337A02094FC9FB8D925E4128" box="[984,1068,1051,1077]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D01A384337A02094829FB8D92E84128" box="[1080,1178,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="female">3 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54BCD6AF337A020948B3FB8D937F4128" box="[1186,1293,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
at the
<collectionCode id="ED16F0C8337A0209494AFB8D93EE4128" box="[1371,1436,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">PHD-</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED16F0C8337A02094C86FBA996A14144" box="[151,211,1087,1113]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h204-vvdc" name="Neisseria Reference Laboratory" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">NRL</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094CD6FBF5923D4160" box="[199,1103,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FBF5923D4160" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" box="[199,1103,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CD6FBF5973C4160" bold="true" box="[199,334,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after Humboldt County,
<collectingRegion id="49C3A6EF337A02094EAFFBF595404160" box="[702,818,1123,1149]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">California</collectingRegion>
, where it was first found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094CD6FB109374402C" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FB109374402C" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CD6FB10973041BD" bold="true" box="[199,322,1158,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The gall somewhat resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094EFBFB11922041BC" authority="Weld, 1952 b" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1952" box="[746,1106,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="projectus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094EFBFB1195CF41BD" box="[746,957,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Andricus projectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9615FC337A02094FD5FB11922041BC" author="Weld, L. H." box="[964,1106,1158,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" pagination="315 - 342" refId="ref7607" refString="Weld, L. H. (1952 b) New American cynipid wasps from galls. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 102, 315 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.102 - 3304.315" type="journal article" year="1952">Weld, 1952b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
although is more slender and green when young rather than red. However, morphologically the adults are very different. In
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A020948BBFB3D934F41D8" authority="Melika &amp; Nicholls, 2021" authorityName="Melika &amp; Nicholls. Designated" authorityYear="2021" box="[1194,1341,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Grahamstoneia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A020948BBFB3D934F41D8" box="[1194,1341,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">G. humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094952FB3D93EE41D8" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2400964337A02094952FB3D93EE41D8" box="[1347,1436,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
the tarsal claws lack a basal lobe, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094E96FB59957D41F5" authorityName="Weld" authorityYear="1952" box="[647,783,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="projectus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094E96FB59957D41F5" box="[647,783,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">A. projectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the tarsal claws have a basal lobe. No other
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094906FB59930E41F4" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1840" box="[1303,1404,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094906FB59930E41F4" box="[1303,1404,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Andricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094C86FB6597144010" box="[151,358,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Callirhytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094C86FB65977C4010" box="[151,270,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Callirhytis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are known to have the entire head and mesosoma uniformly reticulate or have such an unusually broad incomplete notaulus, the bottom of which has the same reticulate sculpture as the mesoscutum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094CD6FAAC949140DC" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FAAC94BE4048" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" box="[199,716,1338,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CD6FAAC972B4049" bold="true" box="[199,345,1338,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Description.</emphasis>
See the description of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FAC8949140DC" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CD6FAC897734065" bold="true" box="[199,257,1374,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Gall.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133C7488337A02094D1EFAC997294064" box="[271,347,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1415,1439]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,705,1392]" captionTargetId="figure-289@5.[163,1425,705,1392]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 12. Grahamstoneia humboldti Melika &amp; Nicholls, sp. nov., asexual generation, galls." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5119537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5119537/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Fig 12</figureCitation>
). A bud gall on terminal or axillary buds, up to
<quantity id="4CFFC5E8337A02094F75FAC995EF4064" box="[868,925,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="8.0">8mm</quantity>
long and
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in diameter. Smooth conical gall with a pointed tip, emerging from bud scales. Young galls are green with a slight pubescence at base that rubs off easily; mature galls are a rich dark brown colour.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094CD6FA5C92EE4330" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6FA5C92EE4330" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CD6FA5C975540F9" bold="true" box="[199,295,1482,1508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Biology.</emphasis>
Only the asexual generation is known, which induces galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A0209481BFA5D92C940F8" box="[1034,1211,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vacciniifolia">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A0209481BFA5D92C940F8" box="[1034,1211,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Q. vacciniifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A020948E6FA5D93EF40F8" box="[1271,1437,1483,1509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A020948E6FA5D93EF40F8" box="[1271,1437,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Q. chrysolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094CF7FA7997364314" box="[230,324,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CF7FA7997364314" box="[230,324,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
section
<taxonomicName id="4C07138E337A02094DB2FA7994484314" box="[419,570,1519,1545]" class="Malacostraca" genus="Protobalanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094DB2FA7994484314" box="[419,570,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Protobalanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– the golden cup or intermediate oaks (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9615FC337A02094FEBFA7992CE4314" author="Denk, T. &amp; Grimm, G. W. &amp; Manos, P. S. &amp; Deng, M. &amp; Hipp, A. L." box="[1018,1212,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" refId="ref5006" refString="Denk, T., Grimm, G. W., Manos, P. S., Deng, M. &amp; Hipp, A. L. (2017) An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks: review of previous taxonomic schemes and synthesis of evolutionary patterns. In: Gil-Pelegrin, E., Peguero-Pina, J. &amp; Sancho- Knapik, D. (Eds.), Oaks Physiological Ecology. Exploring the Functional Diversity of Genus Quercus L. Tree Physiology. Vol. 7. Springer, Cham, pp. 13 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 69099 - 5 _ 2" type="book" year="2017">
Denk
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094851FA7992004314" box="[1088,1138,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF9615FC337A020948D6FA7996A14330" author="Govaerts, R. &amp; Frodin, D. G." pageId="6" pageNumber="462" refId="ref5322" refString="Govaerts, R. &amp; Frodin, D. G. (1998) World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 408 pp." type="book" year="1998">Govaerts &amp; Frodin 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Mature galls were collected in early November, and adults emerged soon afterwards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31D3B86337A02094CD6F9A093F1436B" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB8680D337A02094CD6F9A093F1436B" blockId="6.[151,1437,942,1654]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">
<emphasis id="B973B41F337A02094CD6F9A09713434D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1590,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F310289D337A02094D79F9A197D6434C" box="[360,420,1591,1617]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49C3A6EF337A02094DBEF9A19453434C" box="[431,545,1591,1617]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">California</collectingRegion>
(three locations: Berry summit, ~
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E of Arcata; a site
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NE of Arnold; and Irvine Lodge rest area on route 101, ~
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N of Willits);
<collectingRegion id="49C3A6EF337A02094F41F9CD95D84368" box="[848,938,1627,1653]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="6" pageNumber="462">Arizona</collectingRegion>
(Oak Creek Canyon,
<quantity id="4CFFC5E8337A0209488EF9CC92AD4368" box="[1183,1247,1626,1653]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="462" unit="km" value="15.0">15km</quantity>
N of Sedona).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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