229 lines
21 KiB
XML
229 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077FDFF07FF14A51D9152F966" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Spirastrella erylicola Van, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="171" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698736" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419763" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698736" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077FDFF07FF14A51D9152F966" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077FDFF07FF14A51D9152F966" lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<subSubSection pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="170.[151,503,1654,1713]" box="[151,503,1654,1680]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,503,1654,1680]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,503,1654,1680]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,402,1654,1680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erylicola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,402,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Spirastrella erylicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[410,503,1654,1680]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="170.[151,503,1654,1713]" box="[151,323,1688,1713]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<figureCitation box="[151,283,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1095,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Figures 107</figureCitation>
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a–c
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="170.[151,1436,1760,1968]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726578" collectingDate="1970-08-26" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="76" latitude="6.7333" location="Material" longLatPrecision="551" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Por" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,384,1760,1785]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077FDFF07FF14A51D9152F966:8EDEE7DD77FDFF06FF14A58B9082F963" box="[151,255,1760,1785]" country="Guyana" latitude="6.7333" longLatPrecision="551" longitude="-52.75" municipality="Por" name="Material" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[390,494,1760,1785]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode box="[501,585,1761,1784]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">RMNH</collectionCode>
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<collectingMunicipality box="[592,631,1761,1784]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Por</collectingMunicipality>
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10535, French
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<collectingCountry box="[806,896,1761,1785]" name="Guyana" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[1023,1110,1761,1785]" name="Guyana" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 14,
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,259,1796,1821]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="5" value="6.7333">6.7333°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[266,367,1796,1821]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" precision="555" value="-52.75">52.75°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[447,507,1796,1821]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="76.0">
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<elevation box="[447,507,1796,1821]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, bottom muddy calcareous sand,
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<date box="[880,1063,1796,1821]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="1970-08-26">
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<collectingDate box="[880,1063,1796,1821]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" value="1970-08-26">26 August 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="171" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="170.[151,1436,1760,1968]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1832,1857]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Description.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[364,463,1832,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1095,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
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a) Thinly encrusting (<
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<quantity box="[739,806,1833,1857]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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) on the
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<typeStatus box="[910,1008,1832,1857]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName box="[1054,1330,1832,1857]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rhabdocoronatus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1054,1330,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Erylus rhabdocoronatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1342,1436,1832,1857]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1342,1436,1832,1857]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[158,244,1871,1895]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9339). Microhispid. Lateral size about
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<quantity box="[739,794,1871,1895]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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2. Color in alcohol orange-beige.
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<collectingRegion box="[1165,1199,1872,1895]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">No</collectingRegion>
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apparent openings.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="170.[151,1436,1760,1968]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1907,1932]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Single erect tylostyles, heads embedded in the sponge surface it encrusts, protruding through a thick crust of microscleres.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1074]" targetPageId="171">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1435,1095,1148]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,300,1095,1117]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 107.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[305,519,1095,1117]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="erylicola" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[305,519,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<taxonomicName box="[305,424,1095,1117]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Spirastrella</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName box="[429,519,1095,1117]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" rank="species" species="erylicola" status="sp. nov.">erylicola</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[525,605,1095,1116]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[525,605,1095,1116]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b1, details of b, c, spiraster, c1, spiraster with secondary spines, c2, younger forms of the spirasters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1437,1187,1788]" box="[199,716,1187,1212]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1187,1212]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,417,1187,1212]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1095,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figs 107</figureCitation>
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b–c) Tylostyles, spirasters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1437,1187,1788]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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Tylostyles (
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<figureCitation box="[328,432,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1095,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figs 107</figureCitation>
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b,b1), curved, with prominent heads and sharply pointed apices, 570–
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<emphasis box="[1205,1247,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">744</emphasis>
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–882
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<date box="[1310,1344,1223,1248]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">x 6</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[1359,1394,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">9.3</emphasis>
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–13 µm (heads 9–
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<emphasis box="[304,353,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">12.8</emphasis>
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–18 µm).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1437,1187,1788]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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Spirasters (
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<figureCitation box="[325,429,1295,1320]" captionStart="FIGURE 107" captionStartId="171.[151,250,1095,1117]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@171.[151,1436,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="171" captionText="FIGURE 107. Spirastrella erylicola sp. nov., a, habitus of holotype RMNH Por. 10535 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – c, SEM images of the spicules, b, tylostyle, b 1, details of b, c, spiraster, c 1, spiraster with secondary spines, c 2, younger forms of the spirasters." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273057/files/figure.png" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Figs 107</figureCitation>
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c,c1,c2), in the form of singly curved asters, spines conical, compound; smaller forms are few, supposedly juvenile stages, including thinly spined forms, overall diameters 13–
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<emphasis box="[1105,1154,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">18.6</emphasis>
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–23 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[199,1392,1367,1392]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1437,1187,1788]" box="[199,1392,1367,1392]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,1367,1392]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[505,592,1367,1391]" name="Guyana" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf, encrusting another sponge, in muddy sand environment at
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<specimenCount box="[1328,1392,1367,1392]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="generic">
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<quantity box="[1328,1388,1367,1392]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1437,1187,1788]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1403,1428]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name means ‘living on
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<taxonomicName box="[677,750,1403,1428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[677,750,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Erylus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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’, referring to the fact the
|
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<typeStatus box="[1061,1159,1403,1428]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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encrusts a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,224,1439,1464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Erylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,224,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Erylus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="171" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph blockId="171.[151,1437,1187,1788]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1475,1500]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
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The new species differs from the two common
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[882,964,1475,1500]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Central</collectingRegion>
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||
<collectingRegion box="[975,1030,1476,1499]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1266,1397,1475,1500]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[1266,1397,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Spirastrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">S. coccinea</emphasis>
|
||
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[731,838,1511,1536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Thalysias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clionaida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[731,838,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">Thalysias</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
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<taxonomicName authority="Verrill, 1907" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1907" box="[916,1182,1511,1536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
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<emphasis box="[916,1020,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">S. mollis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Verrill" box="[1034,1182,1511,1536]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1907) The Bermuda Islands: Part V. An account of the Coral Reefs (Characteristic life of the Bermuda Coral Reefs). Porifera: Sponges. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 12, 330 - 344." type="journal article" year="1907">Verrill, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(which was recently extensively described in
|
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<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" box="[435,653,1547,1572]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Rützler
|
||
<emphasis box="[526,585,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in having very small compact spirasters only. The first of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coccinea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">S. coccinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has spirasters up to 61 µm, the second,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[717,815,1583,1608]" class="Demospongiae" family="Spirastrellidae" genus="Spirastrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,815,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">S. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, up to 50 µm. Both show a clear division of large and small spirasters (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[346,407,1620,1644]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">types</typeStatus>
|
||
1 and
|
||
<quantity box="[492,539,1619,1644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rutzler" box="[549,769,1619,1644]" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis box="[641,701,1619,1644]" italics="true" pageId="171" pageNumber="172">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with, in the larger spirasters, 2 spiral turns, whereas the microscleres in the new species described here have a more continuous variation, and are generally more compact showing 1–1.5 (rarely 2) spiral turns only. Detailed shapes are also clearly different among all three species. Tylostyles in the present new species exceed these of the other two in length (up to 822 µm vs. 680 and 520 respectively).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |