260 lines
26 KiB
XML
260 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077E2FF1AFF14A6749084F8D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@5ce3343f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu 2003" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="182" updateTime="1645784257244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>225</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">272951</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510822" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419808" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077E2FF1AFF14A6749084F8D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077E2FF1AFF14A6749084F8D0" lastPageId="182" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<subSubSection pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,876,1311,1371]" box="[151,876,1311,1337]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,876,1311,1337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003" authorityName="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,876,1311,1337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,876,1311,1337]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,338,1311,1337]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Ciocalypta alba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho" box="[346,876,1311,1337]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" refString="Carvalho, M. S., Carraro, J. L., Lerner, C. & Hajdu, E. (2003) First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 302, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2003">Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,876,1311,1371]" box="[151,319,1346,1371]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<figureCitation box="[151,282,1346,1371]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Figures 114</figureCitation>
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a–f
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,660,1418,1440]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,660,1418,1440]" box="[151,660,1418,1440]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,660,1418,1440]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho et al., 2003: 2" authorityName="Carvalho et al." authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,560,1418,1440]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis box="[151,313,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Ciocalypta alba</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6276765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6276765" author="Carvalho" box="[320,560,1418,1440]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03855567400AFFA0D8277406698E75D8" page="2" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho" box="[320,536,1418,1440]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" refString="Carvalho, M. S., Carraro, J. L., Lerner, C. & Hajdu, E. (2003) First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 302, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2003">
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Carvalho
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<emphasis box="[419,470,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 2
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, figs 1–2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726542" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,392,1484,1509]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077E2FF1AFF14A6749084F8D0:8EDEE7DD77E2FF19FF14A6A79082FA7F" box="[151,255,1484,1509]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.5833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" name="Material" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[405,489,1485,1508]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">RMNH</collectionCode>
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Por. 9938,
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<collectingCountry box="[639,729,1485,1509]" name="Guyana" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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, ‘Luymes’
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<collectingCountry box="[871,958,1485,1509]" name="Guyana" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf Expedition, station 63,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1328,1436,1484,1509]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[151,279,1520,1545]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
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, depth
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<quantity box="[360,419,1521,1545]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="71.0">
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<elevation box="[360,419,1521,1545]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, sandy bottom,
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<date box="[597,780,1521,1545]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" value="1970-08-31">
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<collectingDate box="[597,780,1521,1545]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,1556,1581]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Description.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[368,471,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
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a) A single fistule of about
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<quantity box="[829,914,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity box="[1003,1090,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, encrusting and consolidating several dead mollusk shells. The shape is equidiametrical ending in a short closed pointed apex. The smooth skin is glassy grey, transparent. Inside a darker colored central axis is visible, surrounded by large subdermal spaces. Consistency elastic but fragile.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,309,1700,1725]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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The ectosomal skeleton (
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<figureCitation box="[607,705,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Fig. 114</figureCitation>
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b–c) is a tangential halichondrioid reticulation of spicule tracts, 2–7 spicules in cross section, intercrossing and anastomosing. The central axis is a thick aligned mass of oxeas, giving off side branches running to the surface, supporting the ectosomal skeleton.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,1437,1484,2013]" box="[199,603,1808,1833]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,304,1808,1833]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Spicules.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[319,415,1808,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Figs 114</figureCitation>
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d–f) Oxeas only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,1437,1484,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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Oxeas, symmetrical, predominantly slightly curved, sharply pointed, in a large size range, divisible in three almost overlapping size categories, (1) large (
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<figureCitation box="[663,767,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Figs 114</figureCitation>
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d,d1), 576–816
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<date box="[939,1016,1881,1905]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" value="1921-10-09">x 9–21</date>
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µm, (2) middle-sized (
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<figureCitation box="[1276,1380,1880,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Figs 114</figureCitation>
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e,e1), 316–512 x 6.5–10 µm, and (3) small (
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<figureCitation box="[571,673,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 114" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1323,1345]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetId="figure@182.[151,1436,193,1301]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 114. Ciocalypta alba Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d – f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e 1, details of e, f, small oxea, f 1, details of f." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Figs 114</figureCitation>
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f,f1), 182–308
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<date box="[836,898,1917,1941]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">x 4–7</date>
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µm; overall oxea size 182–
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<emphasis box="[1206,1248,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">453</emphasis>
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–816
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<date box="[1310,1344,1917,1941]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">x 4</date>
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–
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<emphasis box="[1359,1394,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">9.6</emphasis>
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–21 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[199,1185,1988,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="181.[151,1437,1484,2013]" box="[199,1185,1988,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,498,1988,2013]" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[505,592,1989,2013]" name="Guyana" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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Shelf, SE
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<collectingCountry box="[712,783,1988,2013]" name="Brazil" pageId="181" pageNumber="182">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, in sandy bottom at
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<quantity box="[1009,1108,1989,2013]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="181" pageNumber="182" unit="m" value="41.5" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="12.0">12–71 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273064/files/figure.png" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1301]" targetPageId="182">
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||
<paragraph blockId="182.[151,1436,1323,1406]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,299,1323,1345]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">FIGURE 114.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu, 2003" authorityName="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu" authorityYear="2003" box="[305,895,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu" authorityName="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner & Hajdu" box="[305,833,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner" authorityName="Carvalho, Carraro, Lerner" box="[305,735,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho, Carraro" authorityName="Carvalho, Carraro" box="[305,659,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho" authorityName="Carvalho" box="[305,568,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[305,467,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[305,416,1323,1345]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[305,416,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Ciocalypta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authority="Carvalho" authorityName="Carvalho" authorityYear="2003" box="[422,467,1323,1345]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis box="[422,467,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</taxonomicName>
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Carvalho
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</taxonomicName>
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, Carraro
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</taxonomicName>
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, Lerner
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</taxonomicName>
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& Hajdu
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</taxonomicName>
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, 2003
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</taxonomicName>
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, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9938 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of surface skeleton, c, detail of b, d–f, SEM images of the spicules, d, large oxea, d1, details of d, e, middle-sized oxea, e1, details of e, f, small oxea, f1, details of f.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="182" pageNumber="183" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="182.[151,1436,1445,1866]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,1445,1470]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The single fistule matches all details described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho" box="[898,1134,1445,1470]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refString="Carvalho, M. S., Carraro, J. L., Lerner, C. & Hajdu, E. (2003) First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 302, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis box="[1008,1066,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: the transparent ‘skin’, the central axis of oxeas and the tangential halichondroid skeleton at the surface, and the sizes and categories of the oxeas. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[279,327,1519,1543]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is much bigger, with dozens of fistules, but the present individual fistule is closely similar to one of the fistules of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[458,510,1554,1578]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="182.[151,1436,1445,1866]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">
|
||
Another
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[302,385,1589,1614]" country="Sri Lanka" name="Central" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Central</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[396,451,1591,1614]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[564,687,1589,1614]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[564,687,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Ciocalypta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species is
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wells, Wells & Gray, 1960" authorityName="Wells, Wells & Gray" authorityYear="1960" box="[820,1272,1589,1614]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibbsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,925,1589,1614]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">C. gibbsi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wells" box="[944,1264,1589,1614]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refString="Wells, H. W., Wells, M. J. & Gray, I. E. (1960) Marine sponges of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76 (2), 200 - 245." type="journal article" year="1960">Wells, Wells & Gray, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(originally as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,290,1625,1650]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalapata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,290,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Ciocalapata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but this has distinctly smaller and thinner spicules.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho" box="[917,1155,1625,1650]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refString="Carvalho, M. S., Carraro, J. L., Lerner, C. & Hajdu, E. (2003) First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 302, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis box="[1029,1089,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also assigned
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993" authorityName="Diaz, Pomponi & Van Soest" authorityYear="1993" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Topsentia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudoporrecta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Topsentia pseudoporrecta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diaz" box="[340,761,1661,1686]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. & Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">Díaz, Pomponi & Van Soest, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[811,934,1661,1686]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[811,934,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Ciocalypta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but since its fistules are solid and nontransparent, I do not think this is warranted. It differs also clearly from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[955,1038,1697,1722]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[955,1038,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">C. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1094,1195,1697,1722]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gibbsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1094,1195,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">C. gibbsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having very much larger oxeas (up to 1800 µm). The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[544,592,1735,1759]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[719,842,1733,1758]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[719,842,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">Ciocalypta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, European
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bowerbank, 1862" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" box="[971,1320,1733,1758]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penicillus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1113,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">C. penicillus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bowerbank" box="[1120,1320,1733,1758]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refString="Bowerbank, J. S. (1862) On the anatomy and physiology of the Spongiadae. Part II. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 152 (2), 747 - 829." type="journal article" year="1862">Bowerbank, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has styles as the dominant spicule
|
||
<typeStatus box="[441,492,1770,1794]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, but like
|
||
<bibRefCitation box="[610,871,1769,1794]" pageId="182" pageNumber="183" refString="Carvalho, M. S., Carraro, J. L., Lerner, C. & Hajdu, E. (2003) First record of Ciocalypta (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from Brazil, southwestern Atlantic, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 302, 1 - 8." type="journal article">
|
||
Carvalho
|
||
<emphasis box="[724,785,1769,1794]" italics="true" pageId="182" pageNumber="183">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
I follow here Erpenbeck & Van Soest’s (2002) argument that the genus is characterized by the peculiar fistular shape and species may have oxeas, styles or both as spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |