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<document id="F24FF0A3DCF2E4B4A01F87C453BFA3BD" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077CAFF33FF14A40D95E1FD75" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Mycale (Mycale) laevis Carter 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="160" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="158" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="26377205D958C133AB29759E8635AEA8">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BE5A13FD0A4BB32D601C95AA0998CD0">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6B7D8385B39553EF42EE5E3E8801D987">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="E77B4213AF7034B54128E2251FCA8B8B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="443F47B196C5CD2BEC2B8302E7848808" type="CLB-Dataset">37320</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C858C9D5A53937041998874F46E5BE93" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8001077CAFF33FF14A40D95E1FD75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698718" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077CAFF33FF14A40D95E1FD75" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077CAFF33FF14A40D95E1FD75" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CAFF31FF14A40D914DF838" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CAFF31FF14A40D92F5F81A" blockId="157.[151,648,1894,1954]" box="[151,648,1894,1920]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="D0F6066A77CAFF31FF14A40D92F5F81A" bold="true" box="[151,648,1894,1920]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CAFF31FF14A40D92F5F81A" ID-CoL="44RXM" authority="Carter, 1882" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,648,1894,1920]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CAFF31FF14A40D92F5F81A" bold="true" box="[151,648,1894,1920]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CAFF31FF14A40D912AF81A" bold="true" box="[151,343,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Mycale (Mycale</emphasis>
) cf.
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CAFF31FE0DA40D91AFF81A" bold="true" box="[398,466,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">laevis</emphasis>
(Carter, 1882)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CAFF31FF14A4E2914DF838" blockId="157.[151,648,1894,1954]" box="[151,304,1929,1954]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CAFF31FF14A4E29173F838" box="[151,270,1929,1954]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Figures 99</figureCitation>
a–i
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CAFF32FF14A4BA92FDFF34" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CAFF32FF14A4BA92FDFF34" blockId="157.[151,373,2001,2023]" lastBlockId="158.[151,1314,152,235]" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
Restricted synonymy:
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C9FF32FF14A3F29196FF34" authority="Carter, 1882a: 291" authorityName="Carter" authorityPageNumber="291" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,491,152,174]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Esperia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF14A3F2915AFF34" box="[151,295,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Esperia laevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C9FF32FEAEA3F391C7FF34" author="Carter" box="[301,442,152,174]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" refString="Carter, H. J. (1882 a) Some Sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum described, with general and classificatory remarks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 9 (52), 266 - 301, 346 - 368." type="journal article" year="1882" yearSuffix="a">Carter, 1882a</bibRefCitation>
: 291
</taxonomicName>
, pl. XI fig. 16.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C9FF32FF14A3DD955FFF71" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF14A3DD930DFF56" blockId="158.[151,1314,152,235]" box="[151,880,182,204]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877C9FF32FF14A3DD930DFF56" box="[151,880,182,204]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF14A3DD9157FF56" box="[151,298,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C9FF32FF14A3DD9158FF56" ID-CoL="44RXM" box="[151,293,182,204]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis">Mycale laevis</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C9FF32FEB2A3DC9249FF56" author="De" box="[305,564,182,204]" page="116" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C9FF32FEB2A3DC927FFF56" author="De" box="[305,514,182,204]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 116
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C9FF32FDBDA3DD9292FF56" author="Hechtel" box="[574,751,182,204]" page="46" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" year="1965">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C9FF32FDBDA3DD92B4FF56" author="Hechtel" box="[574,713,182,204]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. VI fig.2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF14A3BE955FFF71" blockId="158.[151,1314,152,235]" box="[151,1314,213,235]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877C9FF32FF14A3BE955FFF71" box="[151,1314,213,235]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C9FF32FF14A3BE91F9FF71" ID-CoL="44RXM" box="[151,388,213,235]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF14A3BE91F9FF71" box="[151,388,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Mycale (Mycale) laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C9FF32FE12A3BD922AFF71" author="Van" box="[401,599,213,235]" page="14" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C9FF32FE12A3BD924FFF71" author="Van" box="[401,562,213,235]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 112. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), 1 - 167. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549852 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1984">Van Soest 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 14
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. I figs 1–4, text-fig. 2;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C9FF32FCE2A3BE9405FF71" author="Hajdu" box="[865,1144,213,235]" page="763" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C9FF32FCE2A3BE943AFF71" author="Hajdu" box="[865,1095,213,235]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1998) Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (4), 737 - 773." type="journal article" year="1998">Hajdu &amp; Rützler 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 763
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 14–15,17g.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7EE18E77C9FF32FF14A64C93CDFAE0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" targetPageId="158">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF14A64C93CDFAE0" blockId="158.[151,1436,1319,1402]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF14A64C9162FAA6" bold="true" box="[151,287,1319,1341]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 99.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C9FF32FEA6A64C92B4FAA7" authority="(Carter, 1882)" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1882" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[293,713,1319,1341]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FEA6A64C91ACFAA7" box="[293,465,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Mycale (Mycale)</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FE7BA64C924EFAA7" box="[504,563,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">laevis</emphasis>
(Carter, 1882)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c–I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C9FF32FF14A6CC9383FA7E" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF14A6CC9383FA7E" blockId="158.[151,1437,1447,2012]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77C9FF32FF14A6CC9387FA7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726494" collectingDate="1969-04-16" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="130" latitude="7.3083" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-54.1667" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF14A6CC91FEFA5A" bold="true" box="[151,387,1447,1472]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C377C9FF32FE0FA6C3919DFA25" box="[396,480,1448,1471]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9850, 9919,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C9FF32FD31A6CC935DFA5A" box="[690,800,1447,1472]" name="Suriname" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C9FF32FCB1A6CC9387FA25" box="[818,1018,1447,1471]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C9FF32FBA3A6CC940AFA25" box="[1056,1143,1447,1471]" name="Guyana" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station M97,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177C9FF32FF59A6A7913BFA7E" box="[218,326,1484,1508]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" precision="5" value="7.3083">7.3083°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177C9FF32FECEA6A091B3FA7E" box="[333,462,1483,1508]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" precision="5" value="-54.1667">54.1667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C9FF32FD9DA6A7921AFA79" box="[542,615,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="130.0">
<elevation id="002C563577C9FF32FD9DA6A7921AFA79" box="[542,615,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom coarse sand,
<date id="FFBF97C677C9FF32FCD9A6A09387FA7E" box="[858,1018,1483,1508]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" value="1969-04-16">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E77C9FF32FCD9A6A09387FA7E" box="[858,1018,1483,1508]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" value="1969-04-16">16 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C9FF33FF44A6849182FEFF" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF44A6849087F9EE" blockId="158.[151,1437,1447,2012]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF44A6849124F992" bold="true" box="[199,345,1519,1544]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FEF3A68491B7F99D" box="[368,458,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
a) Globular, oval, to irregularly massive individuals, largest specimen (of eight) approximately
<date id="FFBF97C677C9FF32FEBCA57F91F7F9B1" box="[319,394,1556,1580]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">4 x 2 x</date>
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C9FF32FE13A57F91BAF9B1" box="[400,455,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
in size. Color in alcohol red-brown. Surface optically smooth to irregular, with traces of (pore-)grooves, and with a few small oscules; microscopically slightly hispid. Consistency firm, compressible to crumbly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF44A514923AF8BD" blockId="158.[151,1437,1447,2012]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF44A5149148F902" bold="true" box="[199,309,1663,1688]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FEC4A51491E1F902" box="[327,412,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
b) The surface skeleton is a crust of intercrossing individual megascleres, carried by the endings of choanosomal spicule tracts. Individual spicules from these tracts penetrate the surface. Choanosomal tracts originating in a central spicule core, subdividing and radiating towards the surface to carry the surface crust. Spicule tracts about 200 µm in diameter, thinning out towards the surface. Loose megascleres and microscleres are found in the spaces between the tracts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF44A45893D1F8D6" blockId="158.[151,1437,1447,2012]" box="[199,940,1843,1868]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FF44A458914DF8D6" bold="true" box="[199,304,1843,1868]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FEBCA45891E9F8D6" box="[319,404,1843,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Figs 99</figureCitation>
c–i) Styles, anisochelae, sigmas, trichodragmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF32FF44A43C943EF80E" blockId="158.[151,1437,1447,2012]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
Styles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FE9DA43C9106F8F5" box="[286,379,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Figs 99</figureCitation>
c,c1), mycalostyles, uniform in shape and size, fusiform, with subterminal constriction and elongate head, sharply pointed at the opposite end, 542–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FC8FA410934BF80E" box="[780,822,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">606</emphasis>
–654
<date id="FFBF97C677C9FF32FCF6A41793DEF80E" box="[885,931,1916,1940]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" value="2011-10">x 11</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FC37A4179398F80E" box="[948,997,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">12.7</emphasis>
–15 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C9FF33FF44A4F493B1FF4F" blockId="158.[151,1437,1447,2012]" lastBlockId="159.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
Anisochelae (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FEE3A4F491C8F822" box="[352,437,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Figs 99</figureCitation>
d–f) in three distinct size categories, (1) anisochela I (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FB8DA4F4941DF822" box="[1038,1120,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
d), with relatively long shaft and short alae, especially at the lower end, 87–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C9FF32FD57A4AF9378F846" box="[724,773,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">94.1</emphasis>
–99 µm, (2) anisochela II (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C9FF32FBD3A4A894D4F846" box="[1104,1193,1987,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
e), overall similar to anisochela I, but with upper alae longer and unoccupied shaft shorter, 31–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FC57A3FC9478FF2A" box="[980,1029,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">35.6</emphasis>
–42 µm, and (3) anisochela III (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C8FF33FAE9A3FC90CAFF4F" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Figs 99</figureCitation>
f,f1), spurred, and with lower end devoid of side alae, 16–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FCBEA3D79313FF4E" box="[829,878,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">19.4</emphasis>
–23 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C8FF33FF44A3B4925AFE87" blockId="159.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
Sigmas in two distinct size categories, both with incurved apices, (1) larger (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C8FF33FB9AA3B49411FF62" box="[1049,1132,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C8FF33FBCEA38B9411FF62" box="[1101,1132,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.9" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" unit="g" value="99.0">99</quantity>
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g), 48–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FB3BA38B9494FF62" box="[1208,1257,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">57.4</emphasis>
–66 µm, and (2) smaller (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C8FF33FF7AA26F9136FE87" box="[249,331,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
h), 13–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FE1BA26F91B4FE86" box="[408,457,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">18.5</emphasis>
–33 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C8FF33FF44A24C9182FEFF" blockId="159.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
Trichodragmas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C8FF33FE01A24C91A4FEDA" box="[386,473,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1319,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1436,287,1297]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 99. Mycale (Mycale) cf. laevis (Carter, 1882), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9850 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of cross section of the skeleton, c – I, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, anisochela I, e, anisochela II, f, anisochela III, f 1, detail of f, g, large sigma, h, small sigma, i, trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273050/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
Fig.
<date id="FFBF97C677C8FF33FE39A24C91A4FEDA" box="[442,473,295,320]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" value="1999-01">99</date>
</figureCitation>
i), in elongate, pointed packages, 43–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FC09A24C93C6FEDA" box="[906,955,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">46.2</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C677C8FF33FC4AA24C9468FEDA" box="[969,1045,295,320]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" value="1952-10-06">52 x 6</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FBA7A2439428FEDA" box="[1060,1109,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">13.4</emphasis>
–19 µm, individual raphides robust, about 1 µm in thickness.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C8FF33FF44A20493AAFE12" box="[199,983,367,392]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C8FF33FF44A20493AAFE12" blockId="159.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,983,367,392]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FF44A204918FFE12" bold="true" box="[199,498,367,392]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C8FF33FE7AA21B922DFE12" box="[505,592,368,392]" name="Guyana" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, soft bottom at
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C8FF33FCC0A21B93F7FE1D" box="[835,906,368,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C8FF33FF44A2FF95E1FD75" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C8FF33FF44A2FF95E1FD75" blockId="159.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77C8FF33FF44A2FF95E5FD75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726495" collectorName="Remarks. Preliminarily &amp; However &amp; Hechtel &amp; Van Soest &amp; Pulitzer-Finali &amp; Zea &amp; Hajdu &amp; Rutzler &amp; Further &amp; Research &amp; Loh &amp; For" elevation="130" location="Central West" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Central West" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FF44A2FF91A4FE37" box="[199,473,404,429]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FF44A2FF9146FE37" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Remarks.</emphasis>
Preliminarily
</collectorName>
, these sponges were identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C8FF33FCDCA2FF957FFE36" authority="Carter, 1882" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1882" box="[863,1282,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FCDCA2FF9414FE37" box="[863,1129,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Mycale (Mycale) laevis</emphasis>
Carter, 1882
</taxonomicName>
, the common widespread
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477C8FF33FE9DA2DC91CDFE55" box="[286,432,439,464]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Central West</collectingRegion>
Atlantic reef
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C8FF33FDCDA2DC92DCFE4A" box="[590,673,439,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FDCDA2DC92DCFE4A" box="[590,673,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Mycale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FD2CA2D3936AFE55" box="[687,791,440,463]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">However</collectorName>
, the consistent presence of a third anisochela (of
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C8FF33FACBA2D39505FE4A" box="[1352,1400,440,464]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
II) differs from previous descriptions of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C8FF33FD4CA2B79316FE6F" author="Hechtel" box="[719,875,476,501]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1965">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FD4CA2B79355FE6F" box="[719,808,476,501]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Hechtel</collectorName>
1965
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C8FF33FCFBA2B69451FE6E" author="Van" box="[888,1068,476,500]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 112. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), 1 - 167. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549852 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1984">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FCFBA2B69395FE6E" box="[888,1000,476,500]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Van Soest</collectorName>
1984
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C8FF33FBBAA2B79560FE6F" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[1081,1309,476,501]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FBBAA2B794A7FE6F" box="[1081,1242,476,501]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Pulitzer-Finali</collectorName>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C8FF33FAA9A2B695EAFE6E" author="Zea" box="[1322,1431,476,500]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientific, Bogot, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FAA9A2B69529FE6E" box="[1322,1364,477,500]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Zea</collectorName>
1987
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C8FF33FF14A29491DCFD82" author="Hajdu" box="[151,417,511,536]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1998) Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (4), 737 - 773." type="journal article" year="1998">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FF14A29490A1FD82" box="[151,220,511,536]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Hajdu</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FE8BA2949126FD82" box="[264,347,511,536]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Rützler</collectorName>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
), which report only anisochelae categories of
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C8FF33FC41A16B938FFD82" box="[962,1010,512,536]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
I and
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C8FF33FBC4A16B940AFD82" box="[1095,1143,512,536]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
III.
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FB33A2949579FD82" box="[1200,1284,511,536]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Further</collectorName>
, more subtle differences are the longer and sharply pointed styles, longer anisochelae I, the presence of definitely distinct categories of large and small sigmas, a single size of shorter trichodragmas, and the small oval body.
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FA80A12C9514FDFA" box="[1283,1385,583,608]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Research</collectorName>
into variability of shape and color in
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C8FF33FDA7A107937CFD1F" box="[548,769,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laevis" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FDA7A107937CFD1F" box="[548,769,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Mycale (M.) laevis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C8FF33FCB4A107947BFD1E" box="[823,1030,620,645]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" refString="Loh, T. L., Lopez-Gentil, S., Song, B. &amp; Pawlik, J. R. (2012) Phenotypic variability in the Caribbean Orange Icing sponge Mycale laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida). Hydrobiologia, 687, 205 - 217." type="journal article">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FCB4A1079319FD1F" box="[823,868,620,645]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Loh</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C8FF33FCF2A10693D3FD1F" box="[881,942,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
did not yield genetic markers for infraspecific morphotypes.
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FE52A1FB9244FD3D" box="[465,569,656,679]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">However</collectorName>
, none of their specimens from different habitats showed the presence of a third
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C8FF33FF57A1DE9179FD57" box="[212,260,693,717]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">type</typeStatus>
of anisochelae, so the present differences could point to separate specific status.
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C8FF33FB23A1DE94BAFD56" box="[1184,1223,693,716]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">For</collectorName>
the time being the data are interpreted as variation due to the deep occurrence at
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</quantity>
, where the normal depth occurrence is
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1–
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</elevation>
</quantity>
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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