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<document id="0366D36E8C5244F3A5213F55398A2357" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis Arndt 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0C83C3936695156C19BEE3FF02E1EC99">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E17AF849DEB07CECABF48340D67DC261">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="B725CFFFD43917BC31DDDBDEC0C90947">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="9BD3985F401FDEFBE7C5246D36C5FC8E" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF14A2DD914BFE68" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A2DD929DFE4A" blockId="149.[151,736,438,498]" box="[151,736,438,464]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<heading id="D0F6066A77C2FF39FF14A2DD929DFE4A" bold="true" box="[151,736,438,464]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C2FF39FF14A2DD929DFE4A" ID-CoL="VSDC" authority="Arndt, 1927" authorityName="Arndt" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,736,438,464]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A2DD929DFE4A" bold="true" box="[151,736,438,464]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A2DD9252FE4A" bold="true" box="[151,559,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C2FF39FDBCA2DD92A5FE4A" author="Arndt" box="[575,728,438,464]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refString="Arndt, W. (1927) Kalk- und Kieselschwamme von Curacao. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 25, 133 - 158." type="journal article" year="1927">Arndt, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A2B2914BFE68" blockId="149.[151,736,438,498]" box="[151,310,473,498]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FF14A2B29170FE68" box="[151,269,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figures 93</figureCitation>
a–k
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF14A14A93E5FDEE" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A14A93E8FDAD" blockId="149.[151,1206,545,659]" box="[151,917,545,567]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877C2FF39FF14A14A93E8FDAD" box="[151,917,545,567]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C2FF39FF14A14A92D2FDAD" ID-CoL="VSDC" authority="Arndt, 1927: 148" authorityName="Arndt" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,687,545,567]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="copiosa" variety="curacaoensis">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A14A913FFDAD" box="[151,322,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Clathria copiosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FEF7A1499187FDAD" box="[372,506,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">curacaoensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C2FF39FE7CA14A92D2FDAD" author="Arndt" box="[511,687,545,567]" page="148" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C2FF39FE7CA14A9203FDAD" author="Arndt" box="[511,638,545,567]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refString="Arndt, W. (1927) Kalk- und Kieselschwamme von Curacao. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 25, 133 - 158." type="journal article" year="1927">Arndt, 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 148
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. I fig. 3, text-fig. 9.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A12B936FFDCC" blockId="149.[151,1206,545,659]" box="[151,786,576,598]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877C2FF39FF14A12B936FFDCC" box="[151,786,576,598]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C2FF39FF14A12B92F6FDCC" authority="De Laubenfels, 1936: 100" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,651,576,598]" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Aulospongus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schoenus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A12B9100FDCC" box="[151,381,576,598]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Aulospongus schoenus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C2FF39FE00A12A92F6FDCC" author="De" box="[387,651,576,598]" page="100" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C2FF39FE00A12A9227FDCC" author="De" box="[387,602,576,598]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 100
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 13 fig. 4.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A13593E5FDEE" blockId="149.[151,1206,545,659]" box="[151,920,606,628]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877C2FF39FF14A13593E5FDEE" box="[151,920,606,628]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C2FF39FF14A13591EEFDEE" ID-CoL="4S3VK" box="[151,403,606,628]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Rhaphidophlus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schoenus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A13591EEFDEE" box="[151,403,606,628]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Rhaphidophlus schoenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777C2FF39FE22A134920FFDEE" author="Van" box="[417,626,606,628]" page="112" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C2FF39FE22A134923CFDEE" author="Van" box="[417,577,606,628]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. (1984) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 112. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 66 (199), 1 - 167. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549852 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1984">Van Soest 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
, p. VIII figs1–4, text-fig. 44.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF14A11694CBFD09" box="[151,1206,637,659]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A11694CBFD09" blockId="149.[151,1206,545,659]" box="[151,1206,637,659]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C2FF39FF14A116918DFD09" box="[151,496,637,659]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A116918DFD09" box="[151,496,637,659]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Zea
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FDA9A1159223FD09" box="[554,606,637,659]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
2014: 407, figs 4–6, pl. I figs C–E, with further synonyms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF14A1D49372FD66" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF14A1D49372FD66" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77C2FF39FF14A1D49371FD66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726477" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF14A1D491F5FD42" bold="true" box="[151,392,703,728]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<location id="8EDEE7DD77C2FF39FF14A1D49082FD42" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6:8EDEE7DD77C2FF39FF14A1D49082FD42" box="[151,255,703,728]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.5833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" name="Material" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C377C2FF39FE16A1AB9194FD4D" box="[405,489,704,727]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9944,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C2FF39FDFCA1AB92A4FD42" box="[639,729,704,728]" name="Guyana" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C2FF39FCE4A1AB93C3FD42" box="[871,958,704,728]" name="Guyana" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 63,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177C2FF39FAB3A1D495E1FD42" box="[1328,1436,703,728]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177C2FF39FF14A18F916AFD67" box="[151,279,740,765]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FEEBA18F91DEFD66" box="[360,419,740,764]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation id="002C563577C2FF39FEEBA18F91DEFD66" box="[360,419,740,764]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sandy bottom,
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FDD6A18F9371FD66" box="[597,780,740,764]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E77C2FF39FDD6A18F9371FD66" box="[597,780,740,764]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF44A06C9485F9C7" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A06C90B5FCF2" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF44A06C9124FCBA" bold="true" box="[199,345,775,800]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Description.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FEE9A06C91C2FCBA" box="[362,447,775,800]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
a) Encrusting on calcareous debris, with optically smooth, but microconulose surface. Color in alcohol red-brown.
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477C2FF39FE5AA0469186FCDE" box="[473,507,813,836]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">No</collectingRegion>
apparent oscules. Lateral size about
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FC1FA04793C2FCDE" box="[924,959,812,836]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">3 x</date>
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FC44A047946AFCDE" box="[967,1047,812,837]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FB11A0479575FCDE" box="[1170,1288,812,837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
. Consistency soft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A01F92F2FC62" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF44A01F9148FC17" bold="true" box="[199,309,884,909]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FEC6A01F91E5FC17" box="[325,408,884,909]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
b) The choanosomal skeleton consists of spongin-enforced plumose spicule tracts, 50–100 µm in diameter, cored by 4–10 styles. Tracts sparingly echinated by acanthostyles. Near the surface the tracts fan out to form bouquets consting of various sizes of subtylostyles, the larger supporting the smaller in the bouquets. Microscleres spread throughout the skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A76F90A7FBA5" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF44A76F914DFB87" bold="true" box="[199,304,1028,1053]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FEBDA76F91EFFB87" box="[318,402,1028,1053]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
c–k) Styles, subtylostyles, peculiar T-shaped subtylostyles, acanthostyles, palmate isochelae, toxas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A7279224FB12" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Styles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FE99A7279108FBFE" box="[282,373,1100,1125]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
c,c1), curved, smooth, but occasionally with very faint microspines on the head, in a wide size range, 198–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FE98A7049138FB12" box="[283,325,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">369</emphasis>
–497 x 7.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FE49A71B9186FB12" box="[458,507,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">12.3</emphasis>
–17 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A7FF934BFA82" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Subtylostyles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FEF2A7FF91B6FB37" box="[369,459,1172,1197]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
d–f), straight, smooth, with faintly swollen heads consistently provided with a few spines, occasionally heavily spined, in three arbitrarily distinguished size categories (may be slightly overlapping), (1) largest (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FE95A7B79113FB6F" box="[278,366,1244,1269]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
d,d1), 291–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FE69A7B79269FB6E" box="[490,532,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">378</emphasis>
–462
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FDD1A7B6920EFB6E" box="[594,627,1244,1268]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">x 4</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FD01A7B792D8FB6F" box="[642,677,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">6.1</emphasis>
–9 µm, (2) middle-sized (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FC43A7B79465FB6E" box="[960,1048,1244,1269]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
e,e1), 135–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FB12A7B794C6FB6F" box="[1169,1211,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">206</emphasis>
–286
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FB7AA7B69564FB6E" box="[1273,1305,1244,1268]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">x 3</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FAA9A7B79530FB6E" box="[1322,1357,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">3.3</emphasis>
–4 µm, and (3) smallest (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FEDAA79491CDFA82" box="[345,432,1279,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
f,f1), 98–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FD95A66B9241FA82" box="[534,572,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">112</emphasis>
–141 x 1.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FD40A66B929BFA82" box="[707,742,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">1.7</emphasis>
–2 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A64F9320FA32" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
T-shaped tylostyles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FE32A64F9276FAA6" box="[433,523,1316,1341]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Figs
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FE6FA64F9276FAA6" box="[492,523,1316,1340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.3" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="g" value="93.0">93</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g,g1–g3), probably abnormally developed versions of the smallest subtylostyles, but the frequency is high enough (about 5%) to consider them worth describing and imaging; the heads are swollen to the extent that they appear to have multiple heads, each swelling with spines of its own; size similar to the smallest category of subtylostyles, 90–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FDCAA6FB9218FA32" box="[585,613,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">99</emphasis>
–114 x 1.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FD6AA6FB9371FA32" box="[745,780,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">2.2</emphasis>
–3 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A6DF935EFA6A" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Acanthostyles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FEF5A6DF91B4FA57" box="[374,457,1460,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
h), short, stubby, with the part of the shaft just below the spined head characteristically free or almost free of spines, 39–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FD8BA6B39259FA6A" box="[520,548,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">54</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FDB0A6B3921EFA75" box="[563,611,1496,1520]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1973-10">73 x</date>
3.5–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FD18A6BC92C3FA6A" box="[667,702,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">5.6</emphasis>
–6.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A6979491F9A2" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Palmate isochelae (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FE1CA6979189F98F" box="[415,500,1532,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Figs
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FE5BA6979189F98F" box="[472,500,1532,1557]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1993-01">93</date>
</figureCitation>
i–j) in two size and shape categories, (1) larger (fig.
<date id="FFBF97C677C2FF39FBBDA6979418F98F" box="[1086,1125,1532,1557]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1993-01">93i</date>
), normal shaped, with short alae and long free shaft, 12–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FE57A54B9278F9A2" box="[468,517,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">13.3</emphasis>
–15.5 µm, and (2) tiny twisted chelae (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FC35A5749472F9A2" box="[950,1039,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Figs 93</figureCitation>
j,j1), 4–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FBE0A54B94FBF9AD" box="[1123,1158,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">5.7</emphasis>
–6.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A52E9485F9C7" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" box="[199,1272,1604,1629]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
Toxas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C2FF39FE9AA52F9117F9C7" box="[281,362,1604,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="150.[151,250,1838,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,195,1816]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 93. Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis (Arndt, 1927), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9944 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopy image of cross section of the skeleton, c – k, SEM images of the spicules, c, style, c 1, details of c, d, large subtylostyle, d 1, details of d, e, middle-sized subtylostyle, e 1, detail of e, f, small subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, peculiar subtylostyle with T-shaped head, g 1 – g 3, variations of subtylostyle heads of g, h, acanthostyle, i, normal palmate isochela, j, twisted palmate isochela, j 1, magnified twisted palmate isochela, k, toxa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273044/files/figure.png" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
k), thin, shallow-curved, with straight legs, in a large size range 62–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FBE1A52F94F1F9C6" box="[1122,1164,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">121</emphasis>
–179 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF44A50C92E0F93E" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A50C92E0F93E" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF44A50C9188F91A" bold="true" box="[199,501,1639,1664]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C2FF39FE7EA5039229F91A" box="[509,596,1640,1664]" name="Guyana" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Guyana</collectingCountry>
shelf, throughout the Caribbean,
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477C2FF39FC50A50C9449F91A" box="[979,1076,1639,1664]" country="Puerto Rico" name="Carolina" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Carolina</collectingRegion>
region, encrusting various hard objects, at
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FE8CA5E79119F93E" box="[271,356,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="37.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="3.0">3–71 m</quantity>
depth (previously to
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FDD7A5E792ECF93E" box="[596,657,1676,1701]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C2FF39FF44A5C491D1F8E6" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C2FF39FF44A5C491D1F8E6" blockId="149.[151,1437,703,1917]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77C2FF39FF44A5C491D1F8E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726486" country="Guyana" county="The" elevation="53" location="Zea's" municipality="For" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FF44A5C49146F952" bold="true" box="[199,315,1711,1736]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimen described above keys out as
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C2FF39FCAAA5DB94E6F952" authority="in Zea et al." authorityName="in Zea et al." box="[809,1179,1711,1736]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="curacaoensis" subGenus="Thalysias">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FCAAA5DB9471F952" box="[809,1036,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">C. (T.) curacaoensis</emphasis>
in Zea
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C2FF39FBE0A5DA94E6F952" box="[1123,1179,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’s (2014) key and also conforms in most aspects to Arndt’s
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C2FF39FDB1A5BF92E9F977" box="[562,660,1748,1773]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<location id="8EDEE7DD77C2FF39FD49A5BF937AF976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6:8EDEE7DD77C2FF39FD49A5BF937AF976" box="[714,775,1748,1772]" country="Guyana" county="The" municipality="For" name="Zea's" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Zea’s</location>
specimens and his review.
<location id="8EDEE7DD77C2FF39FBBAA5BF9418F977" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077C2FF39FF14A2DD91D1F8E6:8EDEE7DD77C2FF39FBBAA5BF9418F977" box="[1081,1125,1748,1773]" country="Guyana" county="The" municipality="For" name="The" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">The</location>
only noteworthy difference is the presence in the
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C2FF39FE15A5939190F88A" box="[406,493,1784,1808]" name="Guyana" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Guyana</collectingCountry>
shelf specimen of three-four categories of subtylostyles, including a considerable number of abnormally developed spicules of the smallest category.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDA2B7C77C2FF39FC2BA47693B2F8AE" box="[936,975,1821,1844]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">For</collectingMunicipality>
the time being, these are considered as variability of a widespread species.
<collectingCounty id="62DFC98A77C2FF39FDBCA4549216F8C2" box="[575,619,1855,1880]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">The</collectingCounty>
present specimen extends the depth occurrence of this shallow-water species from
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C2FF39FEAFA40F91D5F8E6" box="[300,424,1892,1917]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="53.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="35.0">
<elevation id="002C563577C2FF39FEAFA40F91D5F8E6" box="[300,424,1892,1917]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="53.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="35.0">35 to 71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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